Karoliina A Karppinen, Leena Mikkola, Malgorzata Lahti
Identity construction is a continuous process that permeates all social life. Drawing from intercultural communication scholarship and the Bakhtinian perspective on the construction of the self, we suggest that identity is constructed in talk through the interplay of socially constructed, ideologically imbued similarities and differences and propose the blocking and threading analysis (BTA) method to study this process. Blocking refers to constructing differences and social boundaries, whereas threading creates similarities, unity, and commonality. These practices are intertwined, and we argue that identity emerges from the constant shifts between the two. The four-step analytical process entails identifying positioning, recognizing connected utterances, interpreting blocking and threading, and examining their shifts. We illustrate the analytical force of BTA by an analysis of an extract from a focus group discussion among an interprofessional healthcare team. The method requires further application to different datasets, but it shows promise in terms of bringing new insights into research on identity construction.
{"title":"Identity construction through talk of difference and similarity: blocking and threading analysis","authors":"Karoliina A Karppinen, Leena Mikkola, Malgorzata Lahti","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf024","url":null,"abstract":"Identity construction is a continuous process that permeates all social life. Drawing from intercultural communication scholarship and the Bakhtinian perspective on the construction of the self, we suggest that identity is constructed in talk through the interplay of socially constructed, ideologically imbued similarities and differences and propose the blocking and threading analysis (BTA) method to study this process. Blocking refers to constructing differences and social boundaries, whereas threading creates similarities, unity, and commonality. These practices are intertwined, and we argue that identity emerges from the constant shifts between the two. The four-step analytical process entails identifying positioning, recognizing connected utterances, interpreting blocking and threading, and examining their shifts. We illustrate the analytical force of BTA by an analysis of an extract from a focus group discussion among an interprofessional healthcare team. The method requires further application to different datasets, but it shows promise in terms of bringing new insights into research on identity construction.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144513368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian Manata, Andrew C High, Shannon M Cruz, Timothy R Worley
Communication science has been criticized for relying on WEIRD samples. One question that arises from such criticisms is whether core communication constructs and measures generalize to different demographic groups. In other words, are measures of common communication variables interpreted similarly across groups? In this study, we assess the measurement invariance of numerous scales that are used commonly in research on communication science across five U.S. racial groups, seven English-speaking countries across five continents, and four age groups that are recognized by the American Psychological Association. Results indicate that respondents from different racial, national, and age groups exhibited measurement invariance. That is, people with different backgrounds responded to scales in similar ways, thereby indicating that some core communication constructs might be generalizable across certain groups. The implications of these results are considered, while noting that the invariance framework used herein can be used to continue examining the problem of construct invariance.
{"title":"Measurement invariance of core communication constructs across race, nationality, and age","authors":"Brian Manata, Andrew C High, Shannon M Cruz, Timothy R Worley","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Communication science has been criticized for relying on WEIRD samples. One question that arises from such criticisms is whether core communication constructs and measures generalize to different demographic groups. In other words, are measures of common communication variables interpreted similarly across groups? In this study, we assess the measurement invariance of numerous scales that are used commonly in research on communication science across five U.S. racial groups, seven English-speaking countries across five continents, and four age groups that are recognized by the American Psychological Association. Results indicate that respondents from different racial, national, and age groups exhibited measurement invariance. That is, people with different backgrounds responded to scales in similar ways, thereby indicating that some core communication constructs might be generalizable across certain groups. The implications of these results are considered, while noting that the invariance framework used herein can be used to continue examining the problem of construct invariance.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digitalization of communication practices affords major gains for qualitative methods of communication science. What we term digital qualitative fluidity captures the way traditional boundaries between interviewing and ethnography may dissolve through the use of contemporary, digital technologies. We illustrate how communication scholars have leveraged the digital to open ethnographic spaces within interviews to examine situated communication processes of meaning-making in action, amplifying marginalized voices, evoking affect, and enabling sense making–better meeting key goals of qualitative research. We discuss examples of harnessing the fluidity of digital ethnographic interviews in different corners of communication science, dilemmas that accompany this approach, and institutional investments to ensure that qualitative data and methods are valued alongside computational approaches.
{"title":"Leveraging digital spaces and datafication in communication research: contributions of digital qualitative fluidity to ethnographic interviewing","authors":"Jeffrey Lane, Yonaira M Rivera","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf017","url":null,"abstract":"The digitalization of communication practices affords major gains for qualitative methods of communication science. What we term digital qualitative fluidity captures the way traditional boundaries between interviewing and ethnography may dissolve through the use of contemporary, digital technologies. We illustrate how communication scholars have leveraged the digital to open ethnographic spaces within interviews to examine situated communication processes of meaning-making in action, amplifying marginalized voices, evoking affect, and enabling sense making–better meeting key goals of qualitative research. We discuss examples of harnessing the fluidity of digital ethnographic interviews in different corners of communication science, dilemmas that accompany this approach, and institutional investments to ensure that qualitative data and methods are valued alongside computational approaches.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144218729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matt Minich, Lynne M Cotter, Lauren A Kriss, Linqi Lu, Sijia Yang, Christopher N Cascio
The implementation of warning labels has been shown to slow the spread of harmful content on social media, but the mechanisms by which these interventions affect individuals' sharing decisions are not yet known. This study sought to establish the efficacy of these interventions and to explore the mechanisms of their influence using two parallel studies conducted within the United States: an online experiment that tested the effects of cannabis warning labels on sharing intentions (N = 1,776), and a neuroimaging study (N = 40) to examine how warning labels influenced activity in brain regions implicated in sharing decisions. Results demonstrated that warning labels paired with cannabis posts reduced intentions to share and were associated with decreased activation of brain regions associated with self-processing compared to cannabis posts alone. These results suggest that warning labels may discourage sharing by negatively influencing perceptions of self-relevance.
{"title":"Pictorial warning labels reduce sharing intentions, blunt self-relevance processes elicited by social media posts promoting cannabis edibles","authors":"Matt Minich, Lynne M Cotter, Lauren A Kriss, Linqi Lu, Sijia Yang, Christopher N Cascio","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf012","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of warning labels has been shown to slow the spread of harmful content on social media, but the mechanisms by which these interventions affect individuals' sharing decisions are not yet known. This study sought to establish the efficacy of these interventions and to explore the mechanisms of their influence using two parallel studies conducted within the United States: an online experiment that tested the effects of cannabis warning labels on sharing intentions (N = 1,776), and a neuroimaging study (N = 40) to examine how warning labels influenced activity in brain regions implicated in sharing decisions. Results demonstrated that warning labels paired with cannabis posts reduced intentions to share and were associated with decreased activation of brain regions associated with self-processing compared to cannabis posts alone. These results suggest that warning labels may discourage sharing by negatively influencing perceptions of self-relevance.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144193203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fact checkers have low reach, and their limited efficacy is often attributed to perceived partisanship. Yet little research exists investigating the reach of or engagement with fact checkers among their intended audiences. We argue that given their small audience size, fact checkers’ usage is likely driven by heavy media users regardless of their partisan leanings. We examined a slice of Twitter (X) users, following certain partisan and fact checking outlets from India and the United States. Our analysis of over 7 million news users suggests that exposure to and engagement with fact checkers remains largely restricted to heavier users, with little evidence that these interventions penetrate among selectively partisan news audiences. This study is thus among the first to highlight complementary explanations for the limited efficacy of fact checkers beyond the partisan inclinations of either audiences or news outlets.
{"title":"Partisan news users in the United States and India on either side seldom use fact checkers","authors":"Rik Ray, Sakshi Bhalla, Harsh Taneja","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf018","url":null,"abstract":"Fact checkers have low reach, and their limited efficacy is often attributed to perceived partisanship. Yet little research exists investigating the reach of or engagement with fact checkers among their intended audiences. We argue that given their small audience size, fact checkers’ usage is likely driven by heavy media users regardless of their partisan leanings. We examined a slice of Twitter (X) users, following certain partisan and fact checking outlets from India and the United States. Our analysis of over 7 million news users suggests that exposure to and engagement with fact checkers remains largely restricted to heavier users, with little evidence that these interventions penetrate among selectively partisan news audiences. This study is thus among the first to highlight complementary explanations for the limited efficacy of fact checkers beyond the partisan inclinations of either audiences or news outlets.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Discussions of risk in qualitative research tend to focus on risks to research participants. However, qualitative researchers also face risks—or uncertainties with potential for harm—because they serve as the research instrument. Communication researchers are uniquely suited to problematize the meaning of risk and extend theory about what risk is by noting that risk is subjective and communicatively constructed, both in qualitative methods and in research contexts. We create a typology of five risk contexts that pose a danger to researchers: crisis, disruptive, vulnerable, emotionally risky, and ethically fraught contexts. For each context, we define the risk, propose representative examples, and critically discuss proposed coping strategies. By doing so, we make three key contributions to scholarship on qualitative methods in communication research: (1) we explore how communication concepts of temporality, care, and resilience can be extended via discussion of researcher risks; (2) we show that researcher risk is ongoing, fluid, and constantly evolving; and (3) we argue that risk management strategies must include collective support that embraces the extended temporality of researcher risk.
{"title":"Researcher risks: a typology for qualitative risks to researchers in communication studies","authors":"Rebecca M Rice, Kirstie McAllum","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Discussions of risk in qualitative research tend to focus on risks to research participants. However, qualitative researchers also face risks—or uncertainties with potential for harm—because they serve as the research instrument. Communication researchers are uniquely suited to problematize the meaning of risk and extend theory about what risk is by noting that risk is subjective and communicatively constructed, both in qualitative methods and in research contexts. We create a typology of five risk contexts that pose a danger to researchers: crisis, disruptive, vulnerable, emotionally risky, and ethically fraught contexts. For each context, we define the risk, propose representative examples, and critically discuss proposed coping strategies. By doing so, we make three key contributions to scholarship on qualitative methods in communication research: (1) we explore how communication concepts of temporality, care, and resilience can be extended via discussion of researcher risks; (2) we show that researcher risk is ongoing, fluid, and constantly evolving; and (3) we argue that risk management strategies must include collective support that embraces the extended temporality of researcher risk.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143901758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological reactance theory is an important theoretical framework that explains resistance to persuasive messages. However, research has shown inconsistencies regarding the effects of reactance on persuasion, the operational treatment of reactance, and the manipulation of threatening language. This meta-analysis (k = 35, combined N = 10,658) consolidates findings from research on psychological reactance in health communication regarding the associations between freedom-threatening language, perceived freedom threat, state reactance, and persuasion outcomes, as well as the potential moderating impact of different reactance measures and other outcome- and recipient-related variables. Findings generally align with prior theorizing, with significant heterogeneity across studies. Sample type, age, and participant gender were identified as significant moderators. Moreover, our analysis presents a typology of threatening language features and examines their roles in inducing freedom threat perceptions. The analysis highlights the need for additional work to unravel underlying mechanisms and define the scope of boundary conditions.
{"title":"Words that trigger: a meta-analysis of threatening language, reactance, and persuasion in health","authors":"Rong Ma, Zexin Ma, Callie S Kalny, Nathan Walter","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf004","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological reactance theory is an important theoretical framework that explains resistance to persuasive messages. However, research has shown inconsistencies regarding the effects of reactance on persuasion, the operational treatment of reactance, and the manipulation of threatening language. This meta-analysis (k = 35, combined N = 10,658) consolidates findings from research on psychological reactance in health communication regarding the associations between freedom-threatening language, perceived freedom threat, state reactance, and persuasion outcomes, as well as the potential moderating impact of different reactance measures and other outcome- and recipient-related variables. Findings generally align with prior theorizing, with significant heterogeneity across studies. Sample type, age, and participant gender were identified as significant moderators. Moreover, our analysis presents a typology of threatening language features and examines their roles in inducing freedom threat perceptions. The analysis highlights the need for additional work to unravel underlying mechanisms and define the scope of boundary conditions.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whether perceived message effectiveness (PME) can be diagnostic for the differences of actual message effect (AME) in campaign message pretesting and how the diagnosticity of PME should be tested have been controversial. To address these issues, we conducted a survey involving 19 campaign messages (N = 760) and statistically analyzed the multilevel relationships among the between-message, within-message, and disaggregated across-message PME–AME correlations. From our analysis, we advocate for a multilevel analysis of between-message PME–AME correlation as the optimal method for testing PME’s diagnosticity. We also evaluated O’Keefe’s (2018) message-pair standing comparison method and suggested using statistical significance tests to examine PME differences between messages. The between-message PME–AME correlations were strongly positive (greater than 0.824), and PME standing corresponded with AME standing in 94.5% of the message-pairs. Our findings confirm that PME is diagnostic for AME.
{"title":"Diagnosticity of perceived message effectiveness in campaign message pretesting: multilevel analysis of the between-message correlation and message-pair standing comparisons","authors":"Sungeun Chung, Byeong-Hyeon Lee, Youllee Kim","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf006","url":null,"abstract":"Whether perceived message effectiveness (PME) can be diagnostic for the differences of actual message effect (AME) in campaign message pretesting and how the diagnosticity of PME should be tested have been controversial. To address these issues, we conducted a survey involving 19 campaign messages (N = 760) and statistically analyzed the multilevel relationships among the between-message, within-message, and disaggregated across-message PME–AME correlations. From our analysis, we advocate for a multilevel analysis of between-message PME–AME correlation as the optimal method for testing PME’s diagnosticity. We also evaluated O’Keefe’s (2018) message-pair standing comparison method and suggested using statistical significance tests to examine PME differences between messages. The between-message PME–AME correlations were strongly positive (greater than 0.824), and PME standing corresponded with AME standing in 94.5% of the message-pairs. Our findings confirm that PME is diagnostic for AME.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"210 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, the scholarly critique of tech power as a form of digital colonialism has gained prominence. Scholars from various disciplines—including communication, law, computer science, anthropology, and sociology—have turned to this idea (or related ones such as tech colonialism, data colonialism, and algorithmic colonization) to conceptualize the harmful impact of digital technologies globally. This article reviews significant historical precedents to the current critique of digital colonialism and further shows how digital rights activists from the Global South have been actively developing and popularizing these ideas over the last decade. I argue that these two phenomena help explain why scholars from varied disciplines developed adjacent frameworks simultaneously and at this specific historical juncture. The article also proposes a typology of digital colonialism around six core features. Overall, this article encourages historicizing current debates about tech power and emphasizes the instrumental role of nonscholarly communities in knowledge production.
{"title":"An intellectual history of digital colonialism","authors":"Toussaint Nothias","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf003","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the scholarly critique of tech power as a form of digital colonialism has gained prominence. Scholars from various disciplines—including communication, law, computer science, anthropology, and sociology—have turned to this idea (or related ones such as tech colonialism, data colonialism, and algorithmic colonization) to conceptualize the harmful impact of digital technologies globally. This article reviews significant historical precedents to the current critique of digital colonialism and further shows how digital rights activists from the Global South have been actively developing and popularizing these ideas over the last decade. I argue that these two phenomena help explain why scholars from varied disciplines developed adjacent frameworks simultaneously and at this specific historical juncture. The article also proposes a typology of digital colonialism around six core features. Overall, this article encourages historicizing current debates about tech power and emphasizes the instrumental role of nonscholarly communities in knowledge production.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Media effects research has observed significant diversity in the effects of social media on adolescent well-being, with outcomes ranging from positive to negative and, in some cases, neutral effects. In an effort to comprehend and elucidate this diversity, we have formulated The Swiss Cheese Model of Social Cues, a theoretical framework that systematically categorizes potential sources contributing to these variations. This dynamic model encompasses the complex layers of social cues present within platforms, the social environment, and individual (neuro)susceptibility, collectively shaping how social media influences the well-being of adolescents. The primary goal of this model is to enhance research by concurrently considering a broader range of individual difference factors, providing a comprehensive framework for investigations into the complex interplay of social context in social media effects.
{"title":"The Swiss cheese model of social cues: a theoretical perspective on the role of social context in shaping social media’s effect on adolescent well-being","authors":"Jolien Trekels, Eva H Telzer","doi":"10.1093/joc/jqaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Media effects research has observed significant diversity in the effects of social media on adolescent well-being, with outcomes ranging from positive to negative and, in some cases, neutral effects. In an effort to comprehend and elucidate this diversity, we have formulated The Swiss Cheese Model of Social Cues, a theoretical framework that systematically categorizes potential sources contributing to these variations. This dynamic model encompasses the complex layers of social cues present within platforms, the social environment, and individual (neuro)susceptibility, collectively shaping how social media influences the well-being of adolescents. The primary goal of this model is to enhance research by concurrently considering a broader range of individual difference factors, providing a comprehensive framework for investigations into the complex interplay of social context in social media effects.","PeriodicalId":48410,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Communication","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143470963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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