With the widespread adoption of big data and related technologies in customer participation (CP), exploring the mechanisms through which data analytics enables CP to achieve innovative performance has become an emerging topic in innovation research. However, under different forms of CP, it remains unclear how data analytics technologies and their associated organizational factors will impact firm innovation performance. This study aims to inform this issue, based on match-paired samples of 370 Chinese firms undergoing digital transformation, from an integrated perspective of knowledge production and Socio-technical theory (STT). Our findings show that (1) customer participation as information providers (CPI) and customer participation as co-developers (CPC) have heterogeneous impact paths on innovation performance, in which knowledge production constitutes a complete or partial mediator, respectively. (2) The technical and social aspects of data analytics, namely data analytics capability (DAC) and data and R&D departments coupling (DRDC), respectively, has a linear positive (non-linear inverted U-shaped) moderating effect on the impact paths of CPI (CPC). These results provide more refined evidence for the realization of performance and boundary conditions of CP innovation in the big data era, which helps to enrich the literature on innovation and the practice of data-driven innovation.
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