Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107954
Background
Limited research has been conducted on child neglect among ethnic minority groups in China. The Salar, a Turkic-Muslim ethnic minority predominantly residing in western China, face unique challenges in this regard. Influenced by their ethnicity, Islam, and Chinese Confucianism, Salar women are particularly vulnerable to various forms of childhood victimization. These victimizations further compound the difficulties they face in providing adequate care for their children.
Objective
The 3-D polyvictimization theory introduced three key concepts to measure polyvictimization: invasiveness, exploitativeness, and severity. These concepts aim to provide a nuanced understanding of an individual’s victimization experiences. In light of this theory, this study aims to test a hypothesis regarding the relationship between childhood polyvictimization experienced by Salar mothers and the neglect of their children.
Method
A probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling approach was used to collect a random representative multi-stage cluster sample of 201 married Salar women in 2022. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to test the five hypotheses.
Results
The participants reported a 65.6% rate of child neglect, and all the mothers included in the study had a history of childhood polyvictimization. The Poisson regression in the main effect model demonstrated that invasive and exploitative of the childhood polyvictimization are associated with child neglect. Moreover, a two-way interaction between invasiveness and exploitativeness, as well as exploitativeness and severity of the childhood polyvictimization, showed a strong positive association with child neglect. Lastly, a three-way interaction involving invasiveness, exploitativeness, and severity of the childhood polyvictimization was also strongly positively associated with child neglect.
Conclusions
This research indicates that a history of maternal childhood polyvictimization is associated with an increased risk of child neglect, especially when the experiences of polyvictimization involved high levels of invasiveness and exploitativeness. It emphasizes the importance of considering the nuanced nature of polyvictimization in understanding its relationship with child neglect.
{"title":"Maternal childhood polyvictimization and neglect of their children: Evidence among Salar Muslim women","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Limited research has been conducted on child neglect among ethnic minority groups in China. The Salar, a Turkic-Muslim ethnic minority predominantly residing in western China, face unique challenges in this regard. Influenced by their ethnicity, Islam, and Chinese Confucianism, Salar women are particularly vulnerable to various forms of childhood victimization. These victimizations further compound the difficulties they face in providing adequate care for their children.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The 3-D polyvictimization theory introduced three key concepts to measure polyvictimization: invasiveness, exploitativeness, and severity. These concepts aim to provide a nuanced understanding of an individual’s victimization experiences. In light of this theory, this study aims to test a hypothesis regarding the relationship between childhood polyvictimization experienced by Salar mothers and the neglect of their children.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling approach was used to collect a random representative multi-stage cluster sample of 201 married Salar women in 2022. Random effects Poisson regression models were used to test the five hypotheses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The participants reported a 65.6% rate of child neglect, and all the mothers included in the study had a history of childhood polyvictimization. The Poisson regression in the main effect model demonstrated that invasive and exploitative of the childhood polyvictimization are associated with child neglect. Moreover, a two-way interaction between invasiveness and exploitativeness, as well as exploitativeness and severity of the childhood polyvictimization, showed a strong positive association with child neglect. Lastly, a three-way interaction involving invasiveness, exploitativeness, and severity of the childhood polyvictimization was also strongly positively associated with child neglect.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This research indicates that a history of maternal childhood polyvictimization is associated with an increased risk of child neglect, especially when the experiences of polyvictimization involved high levels of invasiveness and exploitativeness. It emphasizes the importance of considering the nuanced nature of polyvictimization in understanding its relationship with child neglect.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-12DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107964
There is currently limited research which considers the implementation of new policies in child protection practice. In this article, we explore policy implementation in children’s social care using recent Welsh policy on Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) as a case study. We conducted a realist evaluation of the implementation of the new CSE guidance in a two-phased study. The development of an initial programme theory was done during phase 1 of the study and is discussed in a previous article. In this article we focus on the programme theory refinement, presenting our hypotheses and findings from semi-structured interviews, observation of practice and a Wales-wide survey, which illustrate how aspects of the context and the organisation have an impact on policy implementation. Our findings highlight the importance of clear implementation plans which engage key stakeholders and are appropriately resourced. We suggest recommendations for developing implementation plans, including appropriate training materials, access to formal and informal collaborative spaces for knowledge exchange, and the importance of a supportive organisational structure. These findings illustrate how child protection policies are implemented in practice by local authorities in Wales and shed light on how policies can be more effectively implemented in practice.
{"title":"Doing with or doing to? A realist case study of factors affecting the implementation of guidance on child sexual exploitation in Wales","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There is currently limited research which considers the implementation of new policies in child protection practice. In this article, we explore policy implementation in children’s social care using recent Welsh policy on Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) as a case study. We conducted a realist evaluation of the implementation of the new CSE guidance in a two-phased study. The development of an initial programme theory was done during phase 1 of the study and is discussed in a previous article. In this article we focus on the programme theory refinement, presenting our hypotheses and findings from semi-structured interviews, observation of practice and a Wales-wide survey, which illustrate how aspects of the context and the organisation have an impact on policy implementation. Our findings highlight the importance of clear implementation plans which engage key stakeholders and are appropriately resourced. We suggest recommendations for developing implementation plans, including appropriate training materials, access to formal and informal collaborative spaces for knowledge exchange, and the importance of a supportive organisational structure. These findings illustrate how child protection policies are implemented in practice by local authorities in Wales and shed light on how policies can be more effectively implemented in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107962
Over 113,000 children in the child welfare system have had their parent’s rights terminated in America. Family preservation and reunification should be priority goals for child welfare systems to prevent termination of parental rights and lessen the need for foster care adoptions. Systemic change is needed to preserve family bonds and lower the number of children aging out of foster care each year without family. Until that change occurs, foster care adoption is one of the options for permanency for children when returning to family is not possible. Millions of dollars are spent yearly on adoption recruitment strategies to find adoptive homes. There is little research on the outcomes of these models. This scoping review examines the state of the literature on foster care adoption recruitment efforts. The review found a small number of adoption recruitment studies (n = 15). More research should be implemented to better focus child welfare professionals’ effort, time, and funding on the most effective strategies to create permanent homes while also continuing to work on system reform to lessen the need for such adoptions in America.
{"title":"Foster care adoption recruitment methods: A review of the literature amid calls for reform in the United States","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over 113,000 children in the child welfare system have had their parent’s rights terminated in America. Family preservation and reunification should be priority goals for child welfare systems to prevent termination of parental rights and lessen the need for foster care adoptions. Systemic change is needed to preserve family bonds and lower the number of children aging out of foster care each year without family. Until that change occurs, foster care adoption is one of the options for permanency for children when returning to family is not possible. Millions of dollars are spent yearly on adoption recruitment strategies to find adoptive homes. There is little research on the outcomes of these models. This scoping review examines the state of the literature on foster care adoption recruitment efforts. The review found a small number of adoption recruitment studies (n = 15). More research should be implemented to better focus child welfare professionals’ effort, time, and funding on the most effective strategies to create permanent homes while also continuing to work on system reform to lessen the need for such adoptions in America.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107963
Background
The harmful effects of early childhood trauma, such as abuse, on children’s educational outcomes is well documented. Efforts to provide trauma-informed training to preschool teachers are increasing, however, the research base regarding the type and delivery of such trainings is limited.
Objective
The current study examines changes in trauma-informed attitudes, stress, and coping following a 6-week trauma-informed training among preschool teachers.
This study explores differential effects of training content on teacher outcomes using a randomized design, comparing Trauma-Informed Skills training, (e.g., strategies for responding to trauma related behaviors) with Trauma-Informed Self-Reflection training (e.g., impact of a teacher’s own trauma on their teaching, impact of vicarious trauma)
Participants and Setting
Seventy-four preschool teachers from seven programs in a Mountain west state were randomized to receive one of two trauma-informed trainings.
Methods
Teachers completed pre- and post-training surveys on their trauma-informed attitudes, stress, burnout, and emotion regulation strategies. Linear growth modeling was used to chart within person change in trauma-informed outcomes over time.
Results
There were small significant increases in the Reactions subscale of trauma-informed attitudes (related to awareness of vicarious trauma; B = 0.23, SE = 0.11, p = 0.032) as well as moderate significant increases in reappraisal emotion regulation (B = 0.51, SE = 0.10, p < 0.001), with no significant changes in overall trauma-informed attitudes or burnout. There were no differences in training effects based on training group.
Conclusions
This study supports the utility of trauma-informed training in shifting teacher awareness of and responses to stress and coping rather than specific trauma-informed attitudes.
{"title":"A randomized trial of trauma-informed training content: Effects on preschool teachers’ trauma-informed attitudes, stress, and coping","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The harmful effects of early childhood trauma, such as abuse, on children’s educational outcomes is well documented. Efforts to provide trauma-informed training to preschool teachers are increasing, however, the research base regarding the type and delivery of such trainings is limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The current study examines changes in trauma-informed attitudes, stress, and coping following a 6-week trauma-informed training among preschool teachers.</div><div>This study explores differential effects of training content on teacher outcomes using a randomized design, comparing Trauma-Informed Skills training, (e.g., strategies for responding to trauma related behaviors) with Trauma-Informed Self-Reflection training (e.g., impact of a teacher’s own trauma on their teaching, impact of vicarious trauma)</div></div><div><h3>Participants and Setting</h3><div>Seventy-four preschool teachers from seven programs in a Mountain west state were randomized to receive one of two trauma-informed trainings.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Teachers completed pre- and post-training surveys on their trauma-informed attitudes, stress, burnout, and emotion regulation strategies. Linear growth modeling was used to chart within person change in trauma-informed outcomes over time.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were small significant increases in the Reactions subscale of trauma-informed attitudes (related to awareness of vicarious trauma; B = 0.23, <em>SE</em> = 0.11, <em>p</em> = 0.032) as well as moderate significant increases in reappraisal emotion regulation (B = 0.51, <em>SE</em> = 0.10, <em>p</em> < 0.001), with no significant changes in overall trauma-informed attitudes or burnout. There were no differences in training effects based on training group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study supports the utility of trauma-informed training in shifting teacher awareness of and responses to stress and coping rather than specific trauma-informed attitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107955
Maintaining kindergarten education amid emergency situations is difficult. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the difficulties faced by early childhood education institutions in ensuring that children continue education despite school closures and prolonged social isolation. The transition from in-classroom learning to remote learning, which was mostly online for older age groups, was especially complicated for younger pupils due to their nature and limited family resources. In contrast, numerous kindergartens in Indonesia initiated home visit programs that enabled children to learn face-to-face with their teachers and peers during the school closure periods. The purpose of this study was to examine how the home visit program for early childhood education was implemented and how teachers and parents viewed this emergency alternative to online learning. A qualitative case study was employed as a method of inquiry. Nine parents and four teachers from a single kindergarten in South Tangerang, a suburb of Jakarta, participated in this study. The data revealed the home visit program’s implementation involved the following measures: dividing children into small groups, a teacher visiting each group’s assigned home once or twice per week for 45–90 min, enforcing health measures, and giving daily activities for students to complete with their parents. Teachers stated that the home visit program was helpful but had significant faults. Among the benefits were the following: It helped children comprehend learning materials, piqued their interest, and served as a possible alternative due to a family’s lack of resources such as electricity, internet connectivity and quota, educators’ competency in implementing online learning, and parents limited or unavailable devices. Meanwhile, some disadvantages of home visits included the following: Parents felt obligated to entertain their children’s teachers and peers, some students were unable to study due to distance, additional time and energy was spent on media preparation and learning activities, and the risk of exposure to COVID-19 was increased. In the future, unexpected health hazards or other situations may occur. These findings indicate the need for early childhood education institutions to be more prepared, develop a strategy and adjust their instructional approaches to respond rapidly to changing circumstances when required.
{"title":"Early childhood education contingencies for sustaining learning during school closures: Lessons from preschool remote education home visits in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining kindergarten education amid emergency situations is difficult. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the difficulties faced by early childhood education institutions in ensuring that children continue education despite school closures and prolonged social isolation. The transition from in-classroom learning to remote learning, which was mostly online for older age groups, was especially complicated for younger pupils due to their nature and limited family resources. In contrast, numerous kindergartens in Indonesia initiated home visit programs that enabled children to learn face-to-face with their teachers and peers during the school closure periods. The purpose of this study was to examine how the home visit program for early childhood education was implemented and how teachers and parents viewed this emergency alternative to online learning. A qualitative case study was employed as a method of inquiry. Nine parents and four teachers from a single kindergarten in South Tangerang, a suburb of Jakarta, participated in this study. The data revealed the home visit program’s implementation involved the following measures: dividing children into small groups, a teacher visiting each group’s assigned home once or twice per week for 45–90 min, enforcing health measures, and giving daily activities for students to complete with their parents. Teachers stated that the home visit program was helpful but had significant faults. Among the benefits were the following: It helped children comprehend learning materials, piqued their interest, and served as a possible alternative due to a family’s lack of resources such as electricity, internet connectivity and quota, educators’ competency in implementing online learning, and parents limited or unavailable devices. Meanwhile, some disadvantages of home visits included the following: Parents felt obligated to entertain their children’s teachers and peers, some students were unable to study due to distance, additional time and energy was spent on media preparation and learning activities, and the risk of exposure to COVID-19 was increased. In the future, unexpected health hazards or other situations may occur. These findings indicate the need for early childhood education institutions to be more prepared, develop a strategy and adjust their instructional approaches to respond rapidly to changing circumstances when required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107956
Using a longitudinal data set developed from surveys of 1,285 children (and their families), as well as 683 preschools teachers in 382 preschools in rural western China, we examined the association between preschool quality and the development (cognitive and social-emotional skills) of preschool children. The findings showed that 55 % of the sample children were cognitively delayed, and 49 % of the children were social-emotionally delayed at age 3. The rates of delay decreased to less than 40 % when the children were at preschool age. Although other factors were associated with the decline in development delays, according to the findings, preschool attendance respectively led to an improvement of 0.47 SD (p = 0.001) in child cognitive development (i.e., the fall in delays). More specifically, the global quality and the structural quality of preschools improved child cognitive development by 0.11 SD (p = 0.001) and 0.09 SD (p = 0.004), respectively. The findings of the subgroup analyses suggested that children from disadvantaged backgrounds benefited more from being able to attend quality preschools. Preschool quality also helped to improve developmental outcomes (cognitive abilities and social-emotional skills): for children that were developmentally delayed before age 3, but not for those children that were not delayed when they were 3 years old; for children with lower educated parents, but not for those with more highly educated parents; for children that were from relatively poor families, but not for those that were from relatively rich families; and for children that were attending preschools in rural areas, but not for those who were attending a preschool in an urban area.
{"title":"Preschool quality and developmental outcomes of preschool children in rural China: Evidence from longitudinal and subgroup analyses","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a longitudinal data set developed from surveys of 1,285 children (and their families), as well as 683 preschools teachers in 382 preschools in rural western China, we examined the association between preschool quality and the development (cognitive and social-emotional skills) of preschool children. The findings showed that 55 % of the sample children were cognitively delayed, and 49 % of the children were social-emotionally delayed at age 3. The rates of delay decreased to less than 40 % when the children were at preschool age. Although other factors were associated with the decline in development delays, according to the findings, preschool attendance respectively led to an improvement of 0.47 SD (<em>p</em> = 0.001) in child cognitive development (i.e., the fall in delays). More specifically, the global quality and the structural quality of preschools improved child cognitive development by 0.11 SD (<em>p</em> = 0.001) and 0.09 SD (<em>p</em> = 0.004), respectively. The findings of the subgroup analyses suggested that children from disadvantaged backgrounds benefited more from being able to attend quality preschools. Preschool quality also helped to improve developmental outcomes (cognitive abilities and social-emotional skills): for children that were developmentally delayed before age 3, but not for those children that were not delayed when they were 3 years old; for children with lower educated parents, but not for those with more highly educated parents; for children that were from relatively poor families, but not for those that were from relatively rich families; and for children that were attending preschools in rural areas, but not for those who were attending a preschool in an urban area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nationally and internationally, researchers and practitioners are increasingly expressing concerns regarding the number of babies removed by child protection systems soon after birth and how child protection processes in the perinatal period (conception to one year following birth) impact families.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review synthesises qualitative studies to gain an understanding of the experiences and needs of pregnant women, mothers, and fathers involved in perinatal child protection processes that occur in health, welfare, and legal systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-disciplinary electronic databases (13) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published since 2000. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis adopted a socio-ecological approach and thematic synthesis. An expert advisory group comprised of lived experience advisors, service providers, and academics contributed to development of the thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the reviewed studies were conducted between 2005 and 2023 with diverse participants from six countries, they highlight parents’ similar experiences of perinatal child protection processes. Parents’ experiences were synthesised according to spheres of the socio-ecological model:</div><div>(i) At the <em>individual</em> level, parents described their love, hope, confusion, fear, agency, and anguish.</div><div>(ii) Within <em>relationships</em> parents recounted broken parent-baby bonds, limited personal and professional support, and the implications of trauma and trust for parent-professional relationships.</div><div>(iii) When engaging with <em>organisations</em> parents reported pervasive surveillance and harmful processes, inadequate communication and support, and power imbalances.</div><div>(iv) At <em>policy and societal levels</em> parents’ experiences pointed to dominant Western norms and values, increased poverty and homelessness, compromised rights, and prejudicial perinatal policies.</div><div>Also synthesised are parents’, professionals’, and researchers’ recommendations for improving perinatal child protection processes and supporting families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the last 20 years, qualitative studies from around the globe have consistently reported the adverse biopsychosocial impacts of removing babies from their families. Addressing poverty and trauma, redressing power imbalances, and mitigating the enduring impact of perinatal child protection processes is critical for parents’ to be able to keep or be reunified with their babies. Shifts at institutional, policy, and societal levels are needed to: prioritise prevention and early intervention; enable relational practice and cross-sector collaboration; and move beyond traditional Western notions of family. Centring parents’ voices in efforts to improve child protection
{"title":"Parents’ experiences of perinatal child protection processes: A systematic review and thematic synthesis informed by a socio-ecological approach","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nationally and internationally, researchers and practitioners are increasingly expressing concerns regarding the number of babies removed by child protection systems soon after birth and how child protection processes in the perinatal period (conception to one year following birth) impact families.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review synthesises qualitative studies to gain an understanding of the experiences and needs of pregnant women, mothers, and fathers involved in perinatal child protection processes that occur in health, welfare, and legal systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-disciplinary electronic databases (13) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published since 2000. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis adopted a socio-ecological approach and thematic synthesis. An expert advisory group comprised of lived experience advisors, service providers, and academics contributed to development of the thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the reviewed studies were conducted between 2005 and 2023 with diverse participants from six countries, they highlight parents’ similar experiences of perinatal child protection processes. Parents’ experiences were synthesised according to spheres of the socio-ecological model:</div><div>(i) At the <em>individual</em> level, parents described their love, hope, confusion, fear, agency, and anguish.</div><div>(ii) Within <em>relationships</em> parents recounted broken parent-baby bonds, limited personal and professional support, and the implications of trauma and trust for parent-professional relationships.</div><div>(iii) When engaging with <em>organisations</em> parents reported pervasive surveillance and harmful processes, inadequate communication and support, and power imbalances.</div><div>(iv) At <em>policy and societal levels</em> parents’ experiences pointed to dominant Western norms and values, increased poverty and homelessness, compromised rights, and prejudicial perinatal policies.</div><div>Also synthesised are parents’, professionals’, and researchers’ recommendations for improving perinatal child protection processes and supporting families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the last 20 years, qualitative studies from around the globe have consistently reported the adverse biopsychosocial impacts of removing babies from their families. Addressing poverty and trauma, redressing power imbalances, and mitigating the enduring impact of perinatal child protection processes is critical for parents’ to be able to keep or be reunified with their babies. Shifts at institutional, policy, and societal levels are needed to: prioritise prevention and early intervention; enable relational practice and cross-sector collaboration; and move beyond traditional Western notions of family. Centring parents’ voices in efforts to improve child protection ","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950
Studies have shown that children from some ethnic minority families are disproportionately represented in the child protection system. Ethnic-based treatment is problematic because it challenges whether child protection decision-making is based on the principle of ’the best interests of the child’. Roma children are also overrepresented in the child protection systems of many European countries, but little research has explored why this is so. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining child welfare workers’ perceptions of risk at the early stages of child protection decision-making. The main research question is whether they perceive higher levels of risk if the parents are Roma. Method: We use data from a vignette-based survey conducted among child welfare workers (N = 600) in Hungary in 2018. The factors influencing social workers’ risk perceptions are analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regressions. The regression models of risk perception include case variables (harm to child, parents’ ethnicity, mother’s education, parents’ employment, housing conditions, living environment, parental alcoholism, mother’s willingness to cooperate), and the individual characteristics of the social worker. Ethnicity is examined individually as well as in interaction with other case characteristics. Results: Findings show that physical harm to the child, parental alcoholism, a messy living environment, and the non-cooperative behaviour of the mother increase the level of risk perceived by child welfare workers. There is no evidence of a statistical association between parental socioeconomic status and the social worker’s perception of risk. Family ethnicity also does not have a statistically significant impact on risk perception (main effect). However, some case characteristics affect risk perception differently when the family is of Roma origin (interaction effects). Physical abuse has a strong effect on the social worker’s perception of risk, but this effect is more modest when the family is of Roma origin. Likewise, the mother’s non-cooperative behaviour is a risk-increasing factor, but this effect disappears for Roma families. Conclusions: Although, no ethnic bias was found in social workers’ perception of risk, our findings indicate that the perception of risk for Roma families is less dependent on the circumstances of the case than for majority families. In some cases, this may lead to an unjustified overestimation of risk or, conversely, an underestimation when the family is Roma.
{"title":"The role of the family’s ethnicity and correlates in social workers’ risk perceptions: Evidence from a vignette study in Hungary","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have shown that children from some ethnic minority families are disproportionately represented in the child protection system. Ethnic-based treatment is problematic because it challenges whether child protection decision-making is based on the principle of ’the best interests of the child’. Roma children are also overrepresented in the child protection systems of many European countries, but little research has explored why this is so. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining child welfare workers’ perceptions of risk at the early stages of child protection decision-making. The main research question is whether they perceive higher levels of risk if the parents are Roma. <em>Method:</em> We use data from a vignette-based survey conducted among child welfare workers (N = 600) in Hungary in 2018. The factors influencing social workers’ risk perceptions are analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regressions. The regression models of risk perception include case variables (harm to child, parents’ ethnicity, mother’s education, parents’ employment, housing conditions, living environment, parental alcoholism, mother’s willingness to cooperate), and the individual characteristics of the social worker. Ethnicity is examined individually as well as in interaction with other case characteristics. <em>Results:</em> Findings show that physical harm to the child, parental alcoholism, a messy living environment, and the non-cooperative behaviour of the mother increase the level of risk perceived by child welfare workers. There is no evidence of a statistical association between parental socioeconomic status and the social worker’s perception of risk. Family ethnicity also does not have a statistically significant impact on risk perception (main effect). However, some case characteristics affect risk perception differently when the family is of Roma origin (interaction effects). Physical abuse has a strong effect on the social worker’s perception of risk, but this effect is more modest when the family is of Roma origin. Likewise, the mother’s non-cooperative behaviour is a risk-increasing factor, but this effect disappears for Roma families. <em>Conclusions:</em> Although, no ethnic bias was found in social workers’ perception of risk, our findings indicate that the perception of risk for Roma families is less dependent on the circumstances of the case than for majority families. In some cases, this may lead to an unjustified overestimation of risk or, conversely, an underestimation when the family is Roma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957
Relatively little is known about foster parent preservice training, particularly how foster parents perceive the helpfulness of preservice training. Given the high turnover of foster parents and research indicating that multiple demands are placed on foster parents, more attention should be paid to the preparation and support of new foster parents. The purpose of this study was to utilize an administrative data set from the state of Florida to examine foster parents’ perceptions of the type and quality of their preservice training in terms of feeling prepared to take on a foster care placement in their home. Almost one half of all participants were able to identify the name of the training completed. Of which, three of the trainings have some empirical support in published literature. Additionally, a little more than one half of participants indicated they felt prepared for their role as a foster parent, but almost one third indicated not feeling prepared for the role. Slightly more than one quarter of participants indicated supplementing their training with other resources. Results support the need for more rigorous evaluation of preservice training due to limited empirical support, attention to how training prepares foster parents to support the needs of the child and family following placement, and potential improvements to what is covered in preservice training.
{"title":"Preservice training perspectives among Florida foster parents","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relatively little is known about foster parent preservice training, particularly how foster parents perceive the helpfulness of preservice training. Given the high turnover of foster parents and research indicating that multiple demands are placed on foster parents, more attention should be paid to the preparation and support of new foster parents. The purpose of this study was to utilize an administrative data set from the state of Florida to examine foster parents’ perceptions of the type and quality of their preservice training in terms of feeling prepared to take on a foster care placement in their home. Almost one half of all participants were able to identify the name of the training completed. Of which, three of the trainings have some empirical support in published literature. Additionally, a little more than one half of participants indicated they felt prepared for their role as a foster parent, but almost one third indicated not feeling prepared for the role. Slightly more than one quarter of participants indicated supplementing their training with other resources. Results support the need for more rigorous evaluation of preservice training due to limited empirical support, attention to how training prepares foster parents to support the needs of the child and family following placement, and potential improvements to what is covered in preservice training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958
Experiencing homelessness as an adolescent has significant effects on a person’s life course outcomes. This includes lower grades and graduation rates, as well as, serving as a barrier to the creation of healthy social networks and stable employment. Previous research focuses on homelessness and the experience youth have on the street. The current research examines the process of exiting homelessness and reconnecting with social institutions. Using the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we run hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to propose a typology of youth exiting homelessness. We build on previous work by establishing a fourth category to the typology of youth exiting homelessness, which we call “tenuously stable”. Additionally, we find that risky behavior, substance use, and childhood trauma are important factors in determining youth’s successful exits. Overall, our findings support the importance of wrap-around services that empower youth, as well as focus on education and employment.
{"title":"Typologies of stably housed youth who experienced independent homelessness","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiencing homelessness as an adolescent has significant effects on a person’s life course outcomes. This includes lower grades and graduation rates, as well as, serving as a barrier to the creation of healthy social networks and stable employment. Previous research focuses on homelessness and the experience youth have on the street. The current research examines the process of exiting homelessness and reconnecting with social institutions. Using the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we run hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to propose a typology of youth exiting homelessness. We build on previous work by establishing a fourth category to the typology of youth exiting homelessness, which we call “tenuously stable”. Additionally, we find that risky behavior, substance use, and childhood trauma are important factors in determining youth’s successful exits. Overall, our findings support the importance of wrap-around services that empower youth, as well as focus on education and employment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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