Pub Date : 2025-12-08DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108713
Yoonzie Chung , Kathryn Maguire-Jack
Financial wellbeing during childhood shapes long-term outcomes into adulthood. This study used data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine inter- and intragenerational poverty among mothers in persistent poverty (n = 654), defined as living below the federal poverty threshold at least 50 % of the time through their child’s age 15. Using logistic regression, we analyzed the associations between maternal weeks worked, government assistance, and poverty mobility—both within a generation and across generations—as well as young adults’ material hardship at age 22. Independent variables included maternal employment and public benefit receipt; dependent variables included maternal poverty status change, child poverty status, and young adult material hardship. Results indicated that mothers who received public assistance had lower odds of remaining in poverty and of passing poverty to their children. Maternal factors were more predictive of intergenerational than intragenerational mobility. However, young adults who worked more weeks and received benefits were also more likely to face material hardship. These findings suggest that although assistance targets vulnerable populations, it may fall short in addressing basic needs. Further research is needed to explore persistent material hardship among young adults raised by unmarried mothers.
{"title":"Persistent poverty, poverty mobility, and young adults’ material hardship","authors":"Yoonzie Chung , Kathryn Maguire-Jack","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Financial wellbeing during childhood shapes long-term outcomes into adulthood. This study used data from the Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study (FFCWS) to examine inter- and intragenerational poverty among mothers in persistent poverty (n = 654), defined as living below the federal poverty threshold at least 50 % of the time through their child’s age 15. Using logistic regression, we analyzed the associations between maternal weeks worked, government assistance, and poverty mobility—both within a generation and across generations—as well as young adults’ material hardship at age 22. Independent variables included maternal employment and public benefit receipt; dependent variables included maternal poverty status change, child poverty status, and young adult material hardship. Results indicated that mothers who received public assistance had lower odds of remaining in poverty and of passing poverty to their children. Maternal factors were more predictive of intergenerational than intragenerational mobility. However, young adults who worked more weeks and received benefits were also more likely to face material hardship. These findings suggest that although assistance targets vulnerable populations, it may fall short in addressing basic needs. Further research is needed to explore persistent material hardship among young adults raised by unmarried mothers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108713"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108705
Yael Enav, Natalia Kirsman, Dana Erhard-Weiss
Interventions designed to support families with autistic children often center on the child as the primary agent of change. However, growing research highlights the critical role of parental mental health in shaping both the mental and physical well-being of children. In response to this, we developed Thinking Emotions: a short-term, online, group-based intervention targeting parents as key figures in fostering change. The intervention consisted of four weekly 1.5-hour sessions conducted via Zoom with groups of 8–12 parents of autistic children (ages 2–18) recruited through social media. The sessions focused on fostering parental camaraderie, enhancing parental reflective functioning, and strengthening emotion regulation—skills that are particularly vital for autistic children, who often require additional support in developing their own mentalization and emotional regulation abilities. Parents reported noticeable improvements in their parenting approaches and a deeper understanding of their autistic children as early as the third session. To illustrate the depth of the intervention and the transformative processes parents undergo, we present two detailed case studies: one examining the dynamics and therapeutic impact of the group setting, and another offering an in-depth look at the journey of an individual parent. These case studies provide qualitative insights into the effectiveness of parental interventions in fostering emotional growth and improved parent–child relationships. Findings suggest that interventions targeting parents can serve as a powerful means of supporting families with autistic children. Future research should explore the long-term impact of such interventions and further refine strategies for sustaining parental and familial well-being.
{"title":"Mentalization-based group intervention for parents of autistic children: insights and case studies","authors":"Yael Enav, Natalia Kirsman, Dana Erhard-Weiss","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interventions designed to support families with autistic children often center on the child as the primary agent of change. However, growing research highlights the critical role of parental mental health in shaping both the mental and physical well-being of children. In response to this, we developed Thinking Emotions: a short-term, online, group-based intervention targeting parents as key figures in fostering change. The intervention consisted of four weekly 1.5-hour sessions conducted via Zoom with groups of 8–12 parents of autistic children (ages 2–18) recruited through social media. The sessions focused on fostering parental camaraderie, enhancing parental reflective functioning, and strengthening emotion regulation—skills that are particularly vital for autistic children, who often require additional support in developing their own mentalization and emotional regulation abilities. Parents reported noticeable improvements in their parenting approaches and a deeper understanding of their autistic children as early as the third session. To illustrate the depth of the intervention and the transformative processes parents undergo, we present two detailed case studies: one examining the dynamics and therapeutic impact of the group setting, and another offering an in-depth look at the journey of an individual parent. These case studies provide qualitative insights into the effectiveness of parental interventions in fostering emotional growth and improved parent–child relationships. Findings suggest that interventions targeting parents can serve as a powerful means of supporting families with autistic children. Future research should explore the long-term impact of such interventions and further refine strategies for sustaining parental and familial well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108705"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108700
Gangxuan Yuan , Ying Tang , Bettina F. Piko
This study explores how family environment and school climate shape adolescents’ psychological well-being (EPOCH: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, happiness), with Positive Youth Development (PYD) serving as a mediating factor. Participants were Chinese adolescents (N = 2101). Latent variable Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) findings demonstrate that family environment (β = 0.14, p < 0.001) and school climate (β = 0.18, p < 0.001) significantly contribute to adolescent well-being. Additionally, family environment and school climate have positive effects on PYD (β = 0.31 and β = 0.51, respectively, ps < 0.001), which in turn has a significant role in enhancing EPOCH (β = 0.54 and p < 0.001). The mediation effect of family environment on EPOCH through PYD was 0.17 (95 % CI [0.14, 0.20], and the indirect effect of school climate on EPOCH through PYD was 0.27 (95 % CI [0.22, 0.33]), emphasizing the role of family and school settings.
{"title":"The role of family environment and school climate in shaping adolescent well-being: The mediating role of positive youth development","authors":"Gangxuan Yuan , Ying Tang , Bettina F. Piko","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores how family environment and school climate shape adolescents’ psychological well-being (EPOCH: engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, happiness), with Positive Youth Development (PYD) serving as a mediating factor. Participants were Chinese adolescents (N = 2101). Latent variable Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) findings demonstrate that family environment (<em>β</em> = 0.14, <em>p</em> < 0.001) and school climate (<em>β</em> = 0.18, <em>p <</em> 0.001) significantly contribute to adolescent well-being. Additionally, family environment and school climate have positive effects on PYD (<em>β</em> = 0.31 and <em>β</em> = 0.51, respectively, <em>ps</em> < 0.001), which in turn has a significant role in enhancing EPOCH (<em>β</em> = 0.54 and <em>p <</em> 0.001). The mediation effect of family environment on EPOCH through PYD was 0.17 (95 % CI [0.14, 0.20], and the indirect effect of school climate on EPOCH through PYD was 0.27 (95 % CI [0.22, 0.33]), emphasizing the role of family and school settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108700"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108701
Chloe R. Smith, Jane Harris, Zara A. Quigg
Youth violence is a major public health issue with profound effects on children, families, and communities. Hospital Navigator Programmes typically combine brief in-hospital interventions with intensive community-based case management to reduce risk factors for reinjury while cultivating protective factors. Such programmes are built on the concept of a “teachable moment” − periods following violent injuries when individuals are more likely to be open to adopting risk-reducing behavioural changes. Evidence for Hospital Navigator programmes is limited, and there is a lack of robust estimates of their impact within the UK context. This study aimed to describe the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Merseyside Navigator Programme; a hospital-based violence intervention programme for young people affected by or at risk of violence at three hospital sites in Merseyside, England. Data was collected using qualitative interviews (n = 16) and a focus group (n = 1) with programme implementers and wider partners (n = 20). Young people (n = 14) participated through semi-structured interviews (n = 11) and qualitative questionnaires (n = 4). Online or phone interviews were conducted with parents/carers of young people (n = 3). Our findings suggest that Hospital Navigator programmes can effectively engage some young people at critical moments, increasing access to support services and improving physical and mental wellbeing, educational and employment outcomes, family relationships, and future aspirations. Key facilitators included a youth worker-led model, parental engagement, safeguarding support, flexible working hours, and ongoing awareness activities among hospital staff. Integrating Hospital Navigator Programmes into hospital structures and cultures requires significant preparatory work, complicated by UK-specific factors like short-term funding and commissioning cycles, and financial and staffing pressures within the UK health service.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Merseyside Navigator Programme: A hospital-based violence intervention programme for young people affected by or at risk of violence","authors":"Chloe R. Smith, Jane Harris, Zara A. Quigg","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108701","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108701","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth violence is a major public health issue with profound effects on children, families, and communities. Hospital Navigator Programmes typically combine brief in-hospital interventions with intensive community-based case management to reduce risk factors for reinjury while cultivating protective factors. Such programmes are built on the concept of a “teachable moment” − periods following violent injuries when individuals are more likely to be open to adopting risk-reducing behavioural changes. Evidence for Hospital Navigator programmes is limited, and there is a lack of robust estimates of their impact within the UK context. This study aimed to describe the reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance of the Merseyside Navigator Programme; a hospital-based violence intervention programme for young people affected by or at risk of violence at three hospital sites in Merseyside, England. Data was collected using qualitative interviews (n = 16) and a focus group (n = 1) with programme implementers and wider partners (n = 20). Young people (n = 14) participated through semi-structured interviews (n = 11) and qualitative questionnaires (n = 4). Online or phone interviews were conducted with parents/carers of young people (n = 3). Our findings suggest that Hospital Navigator programmes can effectively engage some young people at critical moments, increasing access to support services and improving physical and mental wellbeing, educational and employment outcomes, family relationships, and future aspirations. Key facilitators included a youth worker-led model, parental engagement, safeguarding support, flexible working hours, and ongoing awareness activities among hospital staff. Integrating Hospital Navigator Programmes into hospital structures and cultures requires significant preparatory work, complicated by UK-specific factors like short-term funding and commissioning cycles, and financial and staffing pressures within the UK health service.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108701"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108704
Meeyoung O. Min , Devon Musson Rose , Chloe Lehman , Malinda Freitag , Jennifer Mitchell
Preschool age suicidal thoughts and self-harming behaviors (STB) is the strongest predictor of school age STB, but very little research has been conducted. The present clinical record review study of 51 children ages 2–6, mostly male and White, explored 1) the ways in which early childhood STB manifests; and 2) whether the demographic, contextual, and clinical correlates may differ by the nature and identified timing of STB. About one-third of the sample (n = 17) exhibited suicidal behaviors; 35 children (69 %) expressed either active (n = 11) or passive (n = 24) suicide ideation; 19 (37 %) demonstrated non-suicidal self-injury; and 7 (14 %) exhibited a preoccupation with death. Children with suicidal self-harming behaviors and/or active suicide ideation (n = 23, 45 %), compared to those without such suicidal manifestation (n = 28, 55 %), were more verbally aggressive (83 % vs. 61 %, p = 0.08), yet less likely diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (52 % vs. 82 %, p = 0.02). Children identified as suicidal at the initial mental health assessment (n = 25, 49 %), compared to those identified during treatment (n = 26, 51 %), were older (5.75 years vs. 4.5 years), tended to be more physically aggressive (96 % vs. 73 %, p < 0.05), endorse sadness (56 % vs. 31 %, p = 0.07), exhibit negative self-talk (24 % vs. 4 %, p < 0.05), and be affected by trauma (88 % vs. 69 %, p = 0.10). Clinical interventions focusing on the reduction of aggression and anxiety may alter the trajectory of STB across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
{"title":"Suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors in treatment-seeking young children","authors":"Meeyoung O. Min , Devon Musson Rose , Chloe Lehman , Malinda Freitag , Jennifer Mitchell","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preschool age suicidal thoughts and self-harming behaviors (STB) is the strongest predictor of school age STB, but very little research has been conducted. The present clinical record review study of 51 children ages 2–6, mostly male and White, explored 1) the ways in which early childhood STB manifests; and 2) whether the demographic, contextual, and clinical correlates may differ by the nature and identified timing of STB. About one-third of the sample (<em>n</em> = 17) exhibited suicidal behaviors; 35 children (69 %) expressed either active (<em>n</em> = 11) or passive (<em>n</em> = 24) suicide ideation; 19 (37 %) demonstrated non-suicidal self-injury; and 7 (14 %) exhibited a preoccupation with death. Children with suicidal self-harming behaviors and/or active suicide ideation (<em>n</em> = 23, 45 %), compared to those without such suicidal manifestation (<em>n</em> = 28, 55 %), were more verbally aggressive (83 % vs. 61 %, <em>p</em> = 0.08), yet less likely diagnosed with an anxiety disorder (52 % vs. 82 %, <em>p</em> = 0.02). Children identified as suicidal at the initial mental health assessment (<em>n</em> = 25, 49 %), compared to those identified during treatment (<em>n</em> = 26, 51 %), were older (5.75 years vs. 4.5 years), tended to be more physically aggressive (96 % vs. 73 %, <em>p</em> < 0.05), endorse sadness (56 % vs. 31 %, <em>p</em> = 0.07), exhibit negative self-talk (24 % vs. 4 %, <em>p</em> < 0.05), and be affected by trauma (88 % vs. 69 %, <em>p</em> = 0.10). Clinical interventions focusing on the reduction of aggression and anxiety may alter the trajectory of STB across childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108704"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108702
Erin M. Knight , Charlotte E. Bausha , Karen L. Fortuna , Julie Balaban , Christopher M. Tirrell , Courtney Porter , Amanda N. Perry , M. Kay Jankowski
Introduction
The percentage of teens experiencing mental health difficulties has grown significantly in recent years, particularly in rural areas. This study explored upstream approaches using human-centered design to consider nontraditional methods for addressing mild to moderate teen mental health needs in a rural setting.
Methods
The study took place in a rural New England region, and used purposive sampling to interview 39 participants, including teenagers (ages 13–18), parents, and community professionals. Semi-structured interviews, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, explored mental health needs, service availability, and barriers. Data analysis involved thematic coding in Dedoose, using a mixed inductive-deductive approach to identify key trends and insights.
Results
Participants identified internal (e.g. anxiety, depression) and externally derived (e.g. academic pressure, relationship difficulties, substance use) contributors to teen mental health challenges. While groups were aware of formal (e.g. counseling, school-based resources) and informal (e.g. trusted adults, online tools, community programs) support, service availability, financial constraints, and resource navigation challenges were common barriers to accessing support. Opinions on the role of stigma were mixed. Desired improvements included expanding mental health education, increasing access to school and community-based services, addressing social media’s influence, and enhancing support from caregivers and through cross-sector collaboration.
Conclusion
Findings illustrate the need for innovative, community-specific strategies to address teen mental health challenges. Collaborative approaches that integrate mental health services into primary care and education systems can create long-term change. Policymakers, providers, and trusted adults can create a more supportive environment for teens in rural communities.
{"title":"Beyond traditional models: A qualitative study of barriers and facilitators to rural teen mental health","authors":"Erin M. Knight , Charlotte E. Bausha , Karen L. Fortuna , Julie Balaban , Christopher M. Tirrell , Courtney Porter , Amanda N. Perry , M. Kay Jankowski","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The percentage of teens experiencing mental health difficulties has grown significantly in recent years, particularly in rural areas. This study explored upstream approaches using human-centered design to consider nontraditional methods for addressing mild to moderate teen mental health needs in a rural setting.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The study took place in a rural New England region, and used purposive sampling to interview 39 participants, including teenagers (ages 13–18), parents, and community professionals. Semi-structured interviews, informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, explored mental health needs, service availability, and barriers. Data analysis involved thematic coding in Dedoose, using a mixed inductive-deductive approach to identify key trends and insights.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants identified internal (e.g. anxiety, depression) and externally derived (e.g. academic pressure, relationship difficulties, substance use) contributors to teen mental health challenges. While groups were aware of formal (e.g. counseling, school-based resources) and informal (e.g. trusted adults, online tools, community programs) support, service availability, financial constraints, and resource navigation challenges were common barriers to accessing support. Opinions on the role of stigma were mixed. Desired improvements included expanding mental health education, increasing access to school and community-based services, addressing social media’s influence, and enhancing support from caregivers and through cross-sector collaboration.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings illustrate the need for innovative, community-specific strategies to address teen mental health challenges. Collaborative approaches that integrate mental health services into primary care and education systems can create long-term change. Policymakers, providers, and trusted adults can create a more supportive environment for teens in rural communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108702"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108703
Kristin Espenes , Serap Keles , Pamela M. Waaler , John Kjøbli , Anita J. Tørmoen
Background
Adolescents in residential youth care (RYC) often present with complex mental health needs, including trauma symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and self-harm. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has shown promise in addressing these challenges, yet evidence for its implementation in RYC remains limited.
Objective
This pre-post pilot study examined preliminary outcomes of the Care and Development Model (CDM), a DBT-informed intervention adapted for RYC.
Method
Forty-two adolescents (Mage = 15.13, SDage = 1.41; 47.6 % female), along with caregivers and milieu staff, participated. CDM included skills-training group, individual sessions, milieu-based coaching, and staff consultation team meetings. Assessment included pre-intervention trauma symptoms, and pre- and post-intervention assessments of emotion regulation, DBT skill use, suicidality/self-harm, and internalizing/externalizing problems. Post-hoc analyses included reliable change indices and shifts in clinical range.
Results
At admission, adolescents reported elevated PTSD symptoms, with significantly higher scores among females (d = –1.48). Improvements varied across domains. Caregiver reports showed clinically significant reductions in Total Problems (d = –0.98) and Externalizing problems (d = –1.11). Adolescents reported modest improvements in DBT-WCCL Blaming Others (d = –0.54) and reduced suicidal ideation. Nearly half (48 %) reported using DBT distress tolerance skills. Therapists rated 81.6 % of adolescents as “very much” or “much” improved, though correlations with adolescent-reported outcomes were modest.
Conclusion
Findings suggest that DBT-informed care in RYC holds promise, particularly for addressing externalizing behavior and suicidality. However, variability across outcomes and informants highlights the complexity of implementation and the need for ongoing refinement of DBT adaptations in residential settings.
{"title":"Improving adolescent outcomes in residential care: preliminary outcomes of a dialectical behavior therapy-informed treatment model","authors":"Kristin Espenes , Serap Keles , Pamela M. Waaler , John Kjøbli , Anita J. Tørmoen","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescents in residential youth care (RYC) often present with complex mental health needs, including trauma symptoms, emotion dysregulation, and self-harm. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) has shown promise in addressing these challenges, yet evidence for its implementation in RYC remains limited.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This pre-post pilot study examined preliminary outcomes of the Care and Development Model (CDM), a DBT-informed intervention adapted for RYC.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty-two adolescents (Mage = 15.13, SDage = 1.41; 47.6 % female), along with caregivers and milieu staff, participated. CDM included skills-training group, individual sessions, milieu-based coaching, and staff consultation team meetings. Assessment included pre-intervention trauma symptoms, and pre- and post-intervention assessments of emotion regulation, DBT skill use, suicidality/self-harm, and internalizing/externalizing problems. Post-hoc analyses included reliable change indices and shifts in clinical range.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At admission, adolescents reported elevated PTSD symptoms, with significantly higher scores among females (d = –1.48). Improvements varied across domains. Caregiver reports showed clinically significant reductions in Total Problems (d = –0.98) and Externalizing problems (d = –1.11). Adolescents reported modest improvements in DBT-WCCL Blaming Others (d = –0.54) and reduced suicidal ideation. Nearly half (48 %) reported using DBT distress tolerance skills. Therapists rated 81.6 % of adolescents as “very much” or “much” improved, though correlations with adolescent-reported outcomes were modest.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Findings suggest that DBT-informed care in RYC holds promise, particularly for addressing externalizing behavior and suicidality. However, variability across outcomes and informants highlights the complexity of implementation and the need for ongoing refinement of DBT adaptations in residential settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108703"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108698
Hyunil Kim, William Schneider
This study examined whether eviction filings and judgements were associated with child maltreatment reports at the census-tract level in Illinois, overall, by maltreatment type, and by report source, as well as with subsequent stages of CPS involvement, including substantiations, service case openings, and foster care placements. We used nine years of administrative data (2010–2018) combining Eviction Lab’s proprietary eviction filings and judgment records with Illinois CPS records. Given substantial variation in eviction and maltreatment patterns by rurality, we assessed differences across large urban, small urban, and rural areas. Using within- and between-tract models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, higher eviction filing and judgment rates were associated with increased maltreatment report rates, with the strongest associations observed in rural and small urban areas. Associations were most pronounced for neglect, though physical and sexual abuse reports were also substantially elevated. Contrary to the visibility bias hypothesis, eviction was not more strongly associated with reports from mandated reporters than from non-mandated reporters, suggesting the higher report rates may not be primarily due to increased mandated surveillance. Among reported cases, higher eviction rates were linked to greater substantiation and foster care placement probabilities in small urban areas, while findings in rural areas were mixed. These results indicate that eviction-related housing instability is consistently associated with multiple forms of maltreatment reporting and, in some contexts, deeper CPS involvement. Prevention policies should consider housing stability and rapid re-housing, with a particular attention to small urban and rural communities, to reduce maltreatment reports and subsequent CPS intervention.
{"title":"Neighborhood eviction filings and judgments, child maltreatment reports, and child protective services involvement","authors":"Hyunil Kim, William Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined whether eviction filings and judgements were associated with child maltreatment reports at the census-tract level in Illinois, overall, by maltreatment type, and by report source, as well as with subsequent stages of CPS involvement, including substantiations, service case openings, and foster care placements. We used nine years of administrative data (2010–2018) combining Eviction Lab’s proprietary eviction filings and judgment records with Illinois CPS records. Given substantial variation in eviction and maltreatment patterns by rurality, we assessed differences across large urban, small urban, and rural areas. Using within- and between-tract models adjusted for sociodemographic factors, higher eviction filing and judgment rates were associated with increased maltreatment report rates, with the strongest associations observed in rural and small urban areas. Associations were most pronounced for neglect, though physical and sexual abuse reports were also substantially elevated. Contrary to the visibility bias hypothesis, eviction was not more strongly associated with reports from mandated reporters than from non-mandated reporters, suggesting the higher report rates may not be primarily due to increased mandated surveillance. Among reported cases, higher eviction rates were linked to greater substantiation and foster care placement probabilities in small urban areas, while findings in rural areas were mixed. These results indicate that eviction-related housing instability is consistently associated with multiple forms of maltreatment reporting and, in some contexts, deeper CPS involvement. Prevention policies should consider housing stability and rapid re-housing, with a particular attention to small urban and rural communities, to reduce maltreatment reports and subsequent CPS intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108698"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-30DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108699
Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong , Toluwani Adekunle , Seleshi Asfaw , Kobi V. Ajayi , Adonis Durado , Eric R. Williams , Omar Martinez , Peter Memiah , Caroline Kingori
Immigrant and refugee young adults in the United States face complex sexual health challenges shaped by peer norms, gender expectations, and HIV-related stigma. Online educational tools, particularly choose-your-own-adventure games, offer a dynamic and culturally adaptable platform for engaging youth in HIV prevention. This study uses reflexive thematic analysis to examine the perspectives of U.S.-based immigrant and refugee youth (ages 18–25) who interacted with an online game designed to promote sexual health. Through an interpretative approach, the analysis identified key themes, including how peer dynamics shape decision-making, the role of gender norms in navigating sexual health, and the emotional impact of receiving an HIV diagnosis. Participants also highlighted the need for narrative attention to autonomy in disclosure, family and community support, and follow-up practices like STI testing and emotional reflection. While the game was viewed as an effective conversation starter, findings point to the importance of digital interventions that reflect the sociocultural realities of immigrant communities and support youth in making informed, relationally grounded decisions about their health.
{"title":"Perspectives of immigrant and refugee youth in the U.S. On an interactive game for HIV prevention and sexual health","authors":"Gloria Aidoo-Frimpong , Toluwani Adekunle , Seleshi Asfaw , Kobi V. Ajayi , Adonis Durado , Eric R. Williams , Omar Martinez , Peter Memiah , Caroline Kingori","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immigrant and refugee young adults in the United States face complex sexual health challenges shaped by peer norms, gender expectations, and HIV-related stigma. Online educational tools, particularly choose-your-own-adventure games, offer a dynamic and culturally adaptable platform for engaging youth in HIV prevention. This study uses reflexive thematic analysis to examine the perspectives of U.S.-based immigrant and refugee youth (ages 18–25) who interacted with an online game designed to promote sexual health. Through an interpretative approach, the analysis identified key themes, including how peer dynamics shape decision-making, the role of gender norms in navigating sexual health, and the emotional impact of receiving an HIV diagnosis. Participants also highlighted the need for narrative attention to autonomy in disclosure, family and community support, and follow-up practices like STI testing and emotional reflection. While the game was viewed as an effective conversation starter, findings point to the importance of digital interventions that reflect the sociocultural realities of immigrant communities and support youth in making informed, relationally grounded decisions about their health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 108699"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-29DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108689
Ellen Syrstad , Ingunn T. Ellingsen , Margrete Aadnanes , Jeri L. Damman
Family reunification following out-of-home placement is an increasing priority for the Norwegian Child Welfare Service (CWS) following European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) judgements highlighting a right to family life and inadequate supports and visitation for parents to promote reunification. In response to these judgements, Norwegian policy has been strengthened to emphasise reunification as a preferred outcome. However, little is known about how, and to what extent, these policy shifts have influenced CWS professional practice, including enhanced reunification support and visitation for parents. This qualitative study, based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight CWS professionals from across offices in Norway, explores CWS professional perceptions of these policy shifts and its impact on professional practice. Findings suggest these political and legislative changes impact CWS professional attitudes and professionals’ positioning as they adjust to new reunification practices and uncertainties in reunification work. The Ecological model of Professional Identities (EPI model) is used to explore CWS professionals positioning at an individual, theoretical and systemic level and the intersecting dilemmas associated with reunification efforts. This study highlights the challenges and possibilities experienced by CWS professionals as they respond to rights-based policy shifts that address wider CWS system inequalities, offering new insight into the complexities and opportunities associated with transitioning to more equal and inclusive CWS systems. Implications for effective policy implementation and reunification practices are discussed.
{"title":"We will always think, ‘is this the right decision?’ Norwegian child welfare workers navigating the uncertain project of reunification","authors":"Ellen Syrstad , Ingunn T. Ellingsen , Margrete Aadnanes , Jeri L. Damman","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108689","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108689","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Family reunification following out-of-home placement is an increasing priority for the Norwegian Child Welfare Service (CWS) following European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) judgements highlighting a right to family life and inadequate supports and visitation for parents to promote reunification. In response to these judgements, Norwegian policy has been strengthened to emphasise reunification as a preferred outcome. However, little is known about how, and to what extent, these policy shifts have influenced CWS professional practice, including enhanced reunification support and visitation for parents. This qualitative study, based on semi-structured, in-depth interviews with eight CWS professionals from across offices in Norway, explores CWS professional perceptions of these policy shifts and its impact on professional practice. Findings suggest these political and legislative changes impact CWS professional attitudes and professionals’ positioning as they adjust to new reunification practices and uncertainties in reunification work. The Ecological model of Professional Identities (EPI model) is used to explore CWS professionals positioning at an individual, theoretical and systemic level and the intersecting dilemmas associated with reunification efforts. This study highlights the challenges and possibilities experienced by CWS professionals as they respond to rights-based policy shifts that address wider CWS system inequalities, offering new insight into the complexities and opportunities associated with transitioning to more equal and inclusive CWS systems. Implications for effective policy implementation and reunification practices are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"181 ","pages":"Article 108689"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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