<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nationally and internationally, researchers and practitioners are increasingly expressing concerns regarding the number of babies removed by child protection systems soon after birth and how child protection processes in the perinatal period (conception to one year following birth) impact families.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review synthesises qualitative studies to gain an understanding of the experiences and needs of pregnant women, mothers, and fathers involved in perinatal child protection processes that occur in health, welfare, and legal systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-disciplinary electronic databases (13) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published since 2000. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis adopted a socio-ecological approach and thematic synthesis. An expert advisory group comprised of lived experience advisors, service providers, and academics contributed to development of the thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the reviewed studies were conducted between 2005 and 2023 with diverse participants from six countries, they highlight parents’ similar experiences of perinatal child protection processes. Parents’ experiences were synthesised according to spheres of the socio-ecological model:</div><div>(i) At the <em>individual</em> level, parents described their love, hope, confusion, fear, agency, and anguish.</div><div>(ii) Within <em>relationships</em> parents recounted broken parent-baby bonds, limited personal and professional support, and the implications of trauma and trust for parent-professional relationships.</div><div>(iii) When engaging with <em>organisations</em> parents reported pervasive surveillance and harmful processes, inadequate communication and support, and power imbalances.</div><div>(iv) At <em>policy and societal levels</em> parents’ experiences pointed to dominant Western norms and values, increased poverty and homelessness, compromised rights, and prejudicial perinatal policies.</div><div>Also synthesised are parents’, professionals’, and researchers’ recommendations for improving perinatal child protection processes and supporting families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the last 20 years, qualitative studies from around the globe have consistently reported the adverse biopsychosocial impacts of removing babies from their families. Addressing poverty and trauma, redressing power imbalances, and mitigating the enduring impact of perinatal child protection processes is critical for parents’ to be able to keep or be reunified with their babies. Shifts at institutional, policy, and societal levels are needed to: prioritise prevention and early intervention; enable relational practice and cross-sector collaboration; and move beyond traditional Western notions of family. Centring parents’ voices in efforts to improve child protection
{"title":"Parents’ experiences of perinatal child protection processes: A systematic review and thematic synthesis informed by a socio-ecological approach","authors":"Samantha Burrow , Lisa Wood , Colleen Fisher , Renée Usher , Renna Gayde , Melissa O’Donnell","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107960","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Nationally and internationally, researchers and practitioners are increasingly expressing concerns regarding the number of babies removed by child protection systems soon after birth and how child protection processes in the perinatal period (conception to one year following birth) impact families.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This systematic review synthesises qualitative studies to gain an understanding of the experiences and needs of pregnant women, mothers, and fathers involved in perinatal child protection processes that occur in health, welfare, and legal systems.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Multi-disciplinary electronic databases (13) were searched for relevant peer-reviewed journal articles written in English and published since 2000. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Analysis adopted a socio-ecological approach and thematic synthesis. An expert advisory group comprised of lived experience advisors, service providers, and academics contributed to development of the thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Although the reviewed studies were conducted between 2005 and 2023 with diverse participants from six countries, they highlight parents’ similar experiences of perinatal child protection processes. Parents’ experiences were synthesised according to spheres of the socio-ecological model:</div><div>(i) At the <em>individual</em> level, parents described their love, hope, confusion, fear, agency, and anguish.</div><div>(ii) Within <em>relationships</em> parents recounted broken parent-baby bonds, limited personal and professional support, and the implications of trauma and trust for parent-professional relationships.</div><div>(iii) When engaging with <em>organisations</em> parents reported pervasive surveillance and harmful processes, inadequate communication and support, and power imbalances.</div><div>(iv) At <em>policy and societal levels</em> parents’ experiences pointed to dominant Western norms and values, increased poverty and homelessness, compromised rights, and prejudicial perinatal policies.</div><div>Also synthesised are parents’, professionals’, and researchers’ recommendations for improving perinatal child protection processes and supporting families.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Over the last 20 years, qualitative studies from around the globe have consistently reported the adverse biopsychosocial impacts of removing babies from their families. Addressing poverty and trauma, redressing power imbalances, and mitigating the enduring impact of perinatal child protection processes is critical for parents’ to be able to keep or be reunified with their babies. Shifts at institutional, policy, and societal levels are needed to: prioritise prevention and early intervention; enable relational practice and cross-sector collaboration; and move beyond traditional Western notions of family. Centring parents’ voices in efforts to improve child protection ","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107960"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950
Marianna Kopasz , Tamás Bartus , Ildikó Husz
Studies have shown that children from some ethnic minority families are disproportionately represented in the child protection system. Ethnic-based treatment is problematic because it challenges whether child protection decision-making is based on the principle of ’the best interests of the child’. Roma children are also overrepresented in the child protection systems of many European countries, but little research has explored why this is so. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining child welfare workers’ perceptions of risk at the early stages of child protection decision-making. The main research question is whether they perceive higher levels of risk if the parents are Roma. Method: We use data from a vignette-based survey conducted among child welfare workers (N = 600) in Hungary in 2018. The factors influencing social workers’ risk perceptions are analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regressions. The regression models of risk perception include case variables (harm to child, parents’ ethnicity, mother’s education, parents’ employment, housing conditions, living environment, parental alcoholism, mother’s willingness to cooperate), and the individual characteristics of the social worker. Ethnicity is examined individually as well as in interaction with other case characteristics. Results: Findings show that physical harm to the child, parental alcoholism, a messy living environment, and the non-cooperative behaviour of the mother increase the level of risk perceived by child welfare workers. There is no evidence of a statistical association between parental socioeconomic status and the social worker’s perception of risk. Family ethnicity also does not have a statistically significant impact on risk perception (main effect). However, some case characteristics affect risk perception differently when the family is of Roma origin (interaction effects). Physical abuse has a strong effect on the social worker’s perception of risk, but this effect is more modest when the family is of Roma origin. Likewise, the mother’s non-cooperative behaviour is a risk-increasing factor, but this effect disappears for Roma families. Conclusions: Although, no ethnic bias was found in social workers’ perception of risk, our findings indicate that the perception of risk for Roma families is less dependent on the circumstances of the case than for majority families. In some cases, this may lead to an unjustified overestimation of risk or, conversely, an underestimation when the family is Roma.
{"title":"The role of the family’s ethnicity and correlates in social workers’ risk perceptions: Evidence from a vignette study in Hungary","authors":"Marianna Kopasz , Tamás Bartus , Ildikó Husz","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Studies have shown that children from some ethnic minority families are disproportionately represented in the child protection system. Ethnic-based treatment is problematic because it challenges whether child protection decision-making is based on the principle of ’the best interests of the child’. Roma children are also overrepresented in the child protection systems of many European countries, but little research has explored why this is so. The present study seeks to address this gap by examining child welfare workers’ perceptions of risk at the early stages of child protection decision-making. The main research question is whether they perceive higher levels of risk if the parents are Roma. <em>Method:</em> We use data from a vignette-based survey conducted among child welfare workers (N = 600) in Hungary in 2018. The factors influencing social workers’ risk perceptions are analysed using multilevel ordinal logistic regressions. The regression models of risk perception include case variables (harm to child, parents’ ethnicity, mother’s education, parents’ employment, housing conditions, living environment, parental alcoholism, mother’s willingness to cooperate), and the individual characteristics of the social worker. Ethnicity is examined individually as well as in interaction with other case characteristics. <em>Results:</em> Findings show that physical harm to the child, parental alcoholism, a messy living environment, and the non-cooperative behaviour of the mother increase the level of risk perceived by child welfare workers. There is no evidence of a statistical association between parental socioeconomic status and the social worker’s perception of risk. Family ethnicity also does not have a statistically significant impact on risk perception (main effect). However, some case characteristics affect risk perception differently when the family is of Roma origin (interaction effects). Physical abuse has a strong effect on the social worker’s perception of risk, but this effect is more modest when the family is of Roma origin. Likewise, the mother’s non-cooperative behaviour is a risk-increasing factor, but this effect disappears for Roma families. <em>Conclusions:</em> Although, no ethnic bias was found in social workers’ perception of risk, our findings indicate that the perception of risk for Roma families is less dependent on the circumstances of the case than for majority families. In some cases, this may lead to an unjustified overestimation of risk or, conversely, an underestimation when the family is Roma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957
Morgan E. Cooley , Heather M. Thompson , Martie Gillen , Marianna Colvin , Robin Jimenez-Bean
Relatively little is known about foster parent preservice training, particularly how foster parents perceive the helpfulness of preservice training. Given the high turnover of foster parents and research indicating that multiple demands are placed on foster parents, more attention should be paid to the preparation and support of new foster parents. The purpose of this study was to utilize an administrative data set from the state of Florida to examine foster parents’ perceptions of the type and quality of their preservice training in terms of feeling prepared to take on a foster care placement in their home. Almost one half of all participants were able to identify the name of the training completed. Of which, three of the trainings have some empirical support in published literature. Additionally, a little more than one half of participants indicated they felt prepared for their role as a foster parent, but almost one third indicated not feeling prepared for the role. Slightly more than one quarter of participants indicated supplementing their training with other resources. Results support the need for more rigorous evaluation of preservice training due to limited empirical support, attention to how training prepares foster parents to support the needs of the child and family following placement, and potential improvements to what is covered in preservice training.
{"title":"Preservice training perspectives among Florida foster parents","authors":"Morgan E. Cooley , Heather M. Thompson , Martie Gillen , Marianna Colvin , Robin Jimenez-Bean","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Relatively little is known about foster parent preservice training, particularly how foster parents perceive the helpfulness of preservice training. Given the high turnover of foster parents and research indicating that multiple demands are placed on foster parents, more attention should be paid to the preparation and support of new foster parents. The purpose of this study was to utilize an administrative data set from the state of Florida to examine foster parents’ perceptions of the type and quality of their preservice training in terms of feeling prepared to take on a foster care placement in their home. Almost one half of all participants were able to identify the name of the training completed. Of which, three of the trainings have some empirical support in published literature. Additionally, a little more than one half of participants indicated they felt prepared for their role as a foster parent, but almost one third indicated not feeling prepared for the role. Slightly more than one quarter of participants indicated supplementing their training with other resources. Results support the need for more rigorous evaluation of preservice training due to limited empirical support, attention to how training prepares foster parents to support the needs of the child and family following placement, and potential improvements to what is covered in preservice training.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107957"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107959
Michael Starr , Reinie Cordier , Eduwin Pakpahan , Donna Chung , Lauren Parsons
<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Independent Living Skills (ILS) are essential to support young people as they enter adulthood. Negative outcomes are consistently observed across a variety of different independent living areas of life for care experienced young people. This study aimed to analyse ILS measure scores across eight ILS domains and overall, completed by young people from Western Australia (WA), to understand how they differ between participants who were still in-care (<em>n</em> = 49) and who had left-care (<em>n</em> = 73), and what factors (such as care experience and personal characteristics) moderate the acquisition of ILS. For this paper, the overarching concept of ILS is defined by young people’s ILS measure scores, where higher self-reported scores are interpreted as greater confidence and competence in ILS (overall and for each of the eight ILS domains).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 122) aged between 15 and 25 years completed an ILS measure as part of the Navigating Through Life, longitudinal, mixed-method, population-based study. This present study considers data from wave 1 (of 5) of the NTL study, where eight ILS domains were identified: Financial Management, Knowledge of Accessing Available Supports, Managing Housing, Education Planning, Job Seeking, Health Risk Management, Domestic and Self-help Task, and Managing Relationships. This study explored how dependent variables (the ILS overall scores and 8 ILS domain scores) are associated with participants’ care experience and demographic characteristics (the independent variables) via linear regression and an exploratory multivariate moderator analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The in-care and left-care groups’ ILS measure scores were comparable. Of the independent variables, care status, self-determination, and regionality were significant (<em>p-value</em>=<.05), predicting greater ILS measure scores across the ILS domains and/or overall. Whereas the independent variables of placement stability, longest placement type, gender, taking part in an enhanced leaving care scheme (ELCS), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status were not significant predictors of higher ILS measure scores. Moderator analyses were conducted for the overall ILS scores, the Health Risk Management, and the Domestic and Self-help Task domain scores (dependent variables). No significant interaction effects were found for care status, self-determination, and regionality, which were identified as significant factors in and of themselves.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusion</h3><div>This study emphasises that ILS domains are interlinked, and findings should be utilised to further highlight the significance of the transition to adulthood stage, especially given the similarities in scores for both in-care and left-care groups. Future research could look at transition pathways that prioritise different ILS domains depending on young peop
背景和目的独立生活技能 (ILS) 对于帮助青少年步入成年至关重要。在经历过照料的年轻人的各种不同独立生活领域中，始终可以观察到消极的结果。本研究旨在分析西澳大利亚州（WA）青少年完成的八个 ILS 领域和总体的 ILS 测评分数，以了解仍在接受照护（49 人）和已离开照护（73 人）的参与者之间的差异，以及哪些因素（如照护经历和个人特征）会影响 ILS 的获得。在本文中，ILS 的总体概念是通过年轻人的 ILS 测量得分来定义的，自我报告的得分越高，说明对 ILS（总体和八个 ILS 领域中的每个领域）的信心和能力越强。方法作为 "生命导航"（Navigating Through Life）纵向混合方法人口研究的一部分，15 至 25 岁的参与者（122 人）完成了 ILS 测量。本研究考虑了 NTL 研究第 1 波（共 5 波）的数据，其中确定了 8 个 ILS 领域：财务管理、获得可用支持的知识、住房管理、教育规划、求职、健康风险管理、家务和自助任务以及人际关系管理。本研究通过线性回归和探索性多变量调节分析，探讨了因变量（ILS 总分和 8 个 ILS 领域得分）与参与者的护理经历和人口统计特征（自变量）之间的关联。在自变量中，照料状态、自我决定和地区性具有显著性（p-value=<.05），可预测在 ILS 各领域和/或整体上更高的 ILS 测量得分。而安置稳定性、最长安置类型、性别、参加强化离托计划（ELCS）以及土著居民和托雷斯海峡岛民身份等自变量对较高的 ILS 测量得分的预测作用不显著。对 ILS 总分、健康风险管理以及家务和自助任务领域分数（因变量）进行了调节分析。本研究强调了 ILS 领域之间的相互联系，研究结果应被用来进一步强调向成年过渡阶段的重要性，尤其是考虑到在照护群体和脱离照护群体的得分相似。未来的研究可以根据青少年在不同时期的不同需求，研究优先考虑不同 ILS 领域的过渡途径，以支持他们全面掌握 ILS。
{"title":"Understanding factors that impact the acquisition of Independent Living Skills among young people transitioning from Out-of-Home Care","authors":"Michael Starr , Reinie Cordier , Eduwin Pakpahan , Donna Chung , Lauren Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Aims</h3><div>Independent Living Skills (ILS) are essential to support young people as they enter adulthood. Negative outcomes are consistently observed across a variety of different independent living areas of life for care experienced young people. This study aimed to analyse ILS measure scores across eight ILS domains and overall, completed by young people from Western Australia (WA), to understand how they differ between participants who were still in-care (<em>n</em> = 49) and who had left-care (<em>n</em> = 73), and what factors (such as care experience and personal characteristics) moderate the acquisition of ILS. For this paper, the overarching concept of ILS is defined by young people’s ILS measure scores, where higher self-reported scores are interpreted as greater confidence and competence in ILS (overall and for each of the eight ILS domains).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 122) aged between 15 and 25 years completed an ILS measure as part of the Navigating Through Life, longitudinal, mixed-method, population-based study. This present study considers data from wave 1 (of 5) of the NTL study, where eight ILS domains were identified: Financial Management, Knowledge of Accessing Available Supports, Managing Housing, Education Planning, Job Seeking, Health Risk Management, Domestic and Self-help Task, and Managing Relationships. This study explored how dependent variables (the ILS overall scores and 8 ILS domain scores) are associated with participants’ care experience and demographic characteristics (the independent variables) via linear regression and an exploratory multivariate moderator analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The in-care and left-care groups’ ILS measure scores were comparable. Of the independent variables, care status, self-determination, and regionality were significant (<em>p-value</em>=<.05), predicting greater ILS measure scores across the ILS domains and/or overall. Whereas the independent variables of placement stability, longest placement type, gender, taking part in an enhanced leaving care scheme (ELCS), and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander status were not significant predictors of higher ILS measure scores. Moderator analyses were conducted for the overall ILS scores, the Health Risk Management, and the Domestic and Self-help Task domain scores (dependent variables). No significant interaction effects were found for care status, self-determination, and regionality, which were identified as significant factors in and of themselves.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion and Conclusion</h3><div>This study emphasises that ILS domains are interlinked, and findings should be utilised to further highlight the significance of the transition to adulthood stage, especially given the similarities in scores for both in-care and left-care groups. Future research could look at transition pathways that prioritise different ILS domains depending on young peop","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107959"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958
Andrea Krieg, Carrie Coward Bucher
Experiencing homelessness as an adolescent has significant effects on a person’s life course outcomes. This includes lower grades and graduation rates, as well as, serving as a barrier to the creation of healthy social networks and stable employment. Previous research focuses on homelessness and the experience youth have on the street. The current research examines the process of exiting homelessness and reconnecting with social institutions. Using the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we run hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to propose a typology of youth exiting homelessness. We build on previous work by establishing a fourth category to the typology of youth exiting homelessness, which we call “tenuously stable”. Additionally, we find that risky behavior, substance use, and childhood trauma are important factors in determining youth’s successful exits. Overall, our findings support the importance of wrap-around services that empower youth, as well as focus on education and employment.
{"title":"Typologies of stably housed youth who experienced independent homelessness","authors":"Andrea Krieg, Carrie Coward Bucher","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experiencing homelessness as an adolescent has significant effects on a person’s life course outcomes. This includes lower grades and graduation rates, as well as, serving as a barrier to the creation of healthy social networks and stable employment. Previous research focuses on homelessness and the experience youth have on the street. The current research examines the process of exiting homelessness and reconnecting with social institutions. Using the National Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we run hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) to propose a typology of youth exiting homelessness. We build on previous work by establishing a fourth category to the typology of youth exiting homelessness, which we call “tenuously stable”. Additionally, we find that risky behavior, substance use, and childhood trauma are important factors in determining youth’s successful exits. Overall, our findings support the importance of wrap-around services that empower youth, as well as focus on education and employment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107958"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107951
Sheri Jenkins Keenan , Sam Choi
This disproportionate rate of academic achievement among youth in foster care raises significant concerns given the social and economic benefits that earning a high school diploma provides over the course of an individual’s life. This study examines the relationship between a youth’s foster care experience (removal reason, number of placements, total number of days in foster care, connection to adult mentor, substance abuse, and dual-system involvement) and academic achievement across gender, race, ethnicity, and disabilities using the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting (AFCARS) data and the National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD). This study found that several factors including gender, race, ethnicity, disability, connection to adult mentor, substance abuse referral, and dual-system involvement (incarceration) were associated with academic achievement. It is clear from the data that youth involved in the foster care system need increased support during their educational tenure. Low academic achievement rates among youth in foster care need to be addressed with more effectual, balanced, deliberate supportive resources, such as special education/disability services, mentoring programs, and independent living services (ILS) that connect youth in foster care to supports that will help them earn a high school diploma and increased the likelihood that they would go on to postsecondary education opportunity.
{"title":"Academic achievement among youth in foster care","authors":"Sheri Jenkins Keenan , Sam Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This disproportionate rate of academic achievement among youth in foster care raises significant concerns given the social and economic benefits that earning a high school diploma provides over the course of an individual’s life. This study examines the relationship between a youth’s foster care experience (removal reason, number of placements, total number of days in foster care, connection to adult mentor, substance abuse, and dual-system involvement) and academic achievement across gender, race, ethnicity, and disabilities using the Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting (AFCARS) data and the National Youth in Transition Database (NYTD). This study found that several factors including gender, race, ethnicity, disability, connection to adult mentor, substance abuse referral, and dual-system involvement (incarceration) were associated with academic achievement. It is clear from the data that youth involved in the foster care system need increased support during their educational tenure. Low academic achievement rates among youth in foster care need to be addressed with more effectual, balanced, deliberate supportive resources, such as special education/disability services, mentoring programs, and independent living services (ILS) that connect youth in foster care to supports that will help them earn a high school diploma and increased the likelihood that they would go on to postsecondary education opportunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107951"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107953
Linda Wallin , Ulrika Lundqvist , Carl-Göran Svedin , Inga Dennhag
Introduction
Young people in rural areas face challenges related to their living conditions, and unequal access to physical and mental healthcare. Despite the high prevalence of trauma exposure among young people, there is a significant lack of evidence-based treatment that is tailored to the needs of young people in rural parts of Northern Sweden. Barriers to accessing treatment include the need to travel long distances to access services, and a lack of educated, culturally competent therapists. Accordingly, this article aims to explore how young trauma patients in rural areas have experienced their trauma therapy, and their views on future trauma therapy (including digital forms). This knowledge will be used to develop trauma therapy that is adapted to the needs of young patients in rural areas in Sweden.
Method
The study included young trauma patients in rural areas in Northern Sweden between the ages of 15 and 21 (n = 14). Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.
Results
The analysis resulted in one overarching theme, “Longing to be cared about and cared for,” and three themes: 1. “Rural circumstances matter,” 2. “Feeling understood and empowered”, and 3. “Ambivalence regarding digital trauma therapy”. The results show that rural contexts present both possibilities and challenges: new creative care landscapes are needed where young people are cared about and cared for (and with), including a deeper understanding of the multidimensional relationship between people, places, and care.
Conclusion
Young trauma patients in rural areas want effective therapy with more knowledge and cultural sensitivity. The findings indicate that digital trauma therapy offers many benefits and reduces barriers. However, young people want future therapy to be provided both digitally and in person, and –importantly – individually adapted.
{"title":"“Longing to be cared about and cared for” Exploring Experiences of Trauma Therapy and Views on Future Trauma Therapy (Including Digital) for Young People in Rural Northern Sweden","authors":"Linda Wallin , Ulrika Lundqvist , Carl-Göran Svedin , Inga Dennhag","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Young people in rural areas face challenges related to their living conditions, and unequal access to physical and mental healthcare. Despite the high prevalence of trauma exposure among young people, there is a significant lack of evidence-based treatment that is tailored to the needs of young people in rural parts of Northern Sweden. Barriers to accessing treatment include the need to travel long distances to access services, and a lack of educated, culturally competent therapists. Accordingly, this article aims to explore how young trauma patients in rural areas have experienced their trauma therapy, and their views on future trauma therapy (including digital forms). This knowledge will be used to develop trauma therapy that is adapted to the needs of young patients in rural areas in Sweden.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The study included young trauma patients in rural areas in Northern Sweden between the ages of 15 and 21 (n = 14). Qualitative individual semi-structured interviews were performed and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis resulted in one overarching theme, “Longing to be cared about and cared for,” and three themes: 1. “Rural circumstances matter,” 2. “Feeling understood and empowered”, and 3. “Ambivalence regarding digital trauma therapy”. The results show that rural contexts present both possibilities and challenges: new creative care landscapes are needed where young people are cared about and cared for (and with), including a deeper understanding of the multidimensional relationship between people, places, and care.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Young trauma patients in rural areas want effective therapy with more knowledge and cultural sensitivity. The findings indicate that digital trauma therapy offers many benefits and reduces barriers. However, young people want future therapy to be provided both digitally and in person, and –importantly – individually adapted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107953"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107952
Daniel K. Cooper , Benjamin L. Bayly , Isabella Mallozzi , Fatima Jatoi , Jayxa K. Alonzo
This study examined whether exposure to different patterns of poverty-related adversity (i.e., risk profiles) was associated with longitudinal child outcomes and children’s response to Head Start. Data came from the Head Start Impact Study involving 3-year-old children (N = 2449; 52 % girls; 37 % Latiné; 33 % White; 30 % Black). Results from latent profile analysis and time-varying effect modeling suggested that (a) child risk profiles differed in their social-emotional and learning outcomes over time, (b) only children in certain risk profiles benefitted from Head Start, and (c) these benefits emerged at different times. Findings can be used to inform tailored approaches to ensure the greatest number of children benefit from early educational interventions.
{"title":"Do the effects of head start vary across time based on children’s exposure to different patterns of childhood adversity? Differential intervention effects using latent profile analysis and time-varying effect modeling","authors":"Daniel K. Cooper , Benjamin L. Bayly , Isabella Mallozzi , Fatima Jatoi , Jayxa K. Alonzo","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examined whether exposure to different patterns of poverty-related adversity (i.e., risk profiles) was associated with longitudinal child outcomes and children’s response to Head Start. Data came from the Head Start Impact Study involving 3-year-old children (<em>N</em> = 2449; 52 % girls; 37 % Latiné; 33 % White; 30 % Black). Results from latent profile analysis and time-varying effect modeling suggested that (a) child risk profiles differed in their social-emotional and learning outcomes over time, (b) only children in certain risk profiles benefitted from Head Start, and (c) these benefits emerged at different times. Findings can be used to inform tailored approaches to ensure the greatest number of children benefit from early educational interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107952"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107945
Jennifer A. Somers , Francesca R. Querdasi , Kristen A. Chu , Naomi Gancz , Emily Towner , Bridget L. Callaghan
Background
Youth who experienced early life caregiving adversity (ECA) are at increased risk for developing depression, which may in part reflect a heightened vulnerability to the deleterious effects of later-life stressors, including poor caregiver mental health and interpersonal conflict. Transactional models posit bidirectional influences between caregivers and children that operate over development and more proximally across interactions.
Objective
To address gaps in knowledge of bidirectional influences between caregivers and children, and differences therein based on ECA exposure, we evaluated the effects of caregiver and child depressive symptoms on their own and each other’s emotion-related behavior during conflict resolution, and the effects of their behavior on their own and each other’s changes in affect expression from conflict resolution to a recovery task.
Participants and setting
161 caregiver-child dyads (child age 6–16 years; 49 % female youth; 45 % caregivers of ECA-exposed youth) participated in videorecorded conflict resolution and subsequent recovery tasks.
Methods
Caregivers reported on their own and their child’s depressive symptoms. Trained coders rated caregiver and child positive and negative affect and supportive and unsupportive emotion-related behavior.
Results
Contrary to expectations derived from models of stress-sensitization, results of actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated positive associations between caregiver depressive symptoms and supportive child behavior, among ECA-exposed families. Among these families, only, child supportive behavior was also associated with greater increases in subsequent caregiver positive affect during the recovery task.
Conclusions
In contrast to models of stress-sensitization, youth supportive reactions to caregiver distress may initiate positive spirals that transcend interactions. Implications for intervention efforts are discussed.
{"title":"Transactional models of depression via caregiver-child interactions: Evaluating conflict resolution as a source of resilience in adversity-exposed families","authors":"Jennifer A. Somers , Francesca R. Querdasi , Kristen A. Chu , Naomi Gancz , Emily Towner , Bridget L. Callaghan","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Youth who experienced early life caregiving adversity (ECA) are at increased risk for developing depression, which may in part reflect a heightened vulnerability to the deleterious effects of later-life stressors, including poor caregiver mental health and interpersonal conflict. Transactional models posit bidirectional influences between caregivers and children that operate over development and more proximally across interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To address gaps in knowledge of bidirectional influences between caregivers and children, and differences therein based on ECA exposure, we evaluated the effects of caregiver and child depressive symptoms on their own and each other’s emotion-related behavior during conflict resolution, and the effects of their behavior on their own and each other’s changes in affect expression from conflict resolution to a recovery task.</div></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><div>161 caregiver-child dyads (child age 6–16 years; 49 % female youth; 45 % caregivers of ECA-exposed youth) participated in videorecorded conflict resolution and subsequent recovery tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Caregivers reported on their own and their child’s depressive symptoms. Trained coders rated caregiver and child positive and negative affect and supportive and unsupportive emotion-related behavior.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Contrary to expectations derived from models of stress-sensitization, results of actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated positive associations between caregiver depressive symptoms and supportive child behavior, among ECA-exposed families. Among these families, only, child supportive behavior was also associated with greater increases in subsequent caregiver positive affect during the recovery task.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In contrast to models of stress-sensitization, youth supportive reactions to caregiver distress may initiate positive spirals that transcend interactions. Implications for intervention efforts are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107945"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142415902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-02DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107942
Xiaoli Du , Cody Ding , Guangcan Xiang , Huicun Duan , Jiayu Chen , Hong Chen
The relationship between adolescent loneliness and mobile phone addiction has been well-documented; however, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the mediation of expressive suppression and emotional well-being in the loneliness-mobile phone addiction link among Chinese adolescents. A total of 906 adolescents completed the related questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Results have shown that higher levels of loneliness are associated with higher levels of mobile phone addiction. Meanwhile, the link between loneliness and mobile phone addiction could be independently mediated by expressive suppression and emotional well-being. The serial mediation effect of expressive suppression and emotional well-being could also explain the link between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. These findings highlight potential intervention directions targeting these factors to decrease mobile phone addiction.
{"title":"Mediation of expressive suppression and emotional well-being in the relationship between loneliness and mobile phone addiction among Chinese adolescents","authors":"Xiaoli Du , Cody Ding , Guangcan Xiang , Huicun Duan , Jiayu Chen , Hong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between adolescent loneliness and mobile phone addiction has been well-documented; however, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to explore the mediation of expressive suppression and emotional well-being in the loneliness-mobile phone addiction link among Chinese adolescents. A total of 906 adolescents completed the related questionnaires in a cross-sectional study. Results have shown that higher levels of loneliness are associated with higher levels of mobile phone addiction. Meanwhile, the link between loneliness and mobile phone addiction could be independently mediated by expressive suppression and emotional well-being. The serial mediation effect of expressive suppression and emotional well-being could also explain the link between loneliness and mobile phone addiction. These findings highlight potential intervention directions targeting these factors to decrease mobile phone addiction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107942"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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