Children and Youth Services Review最新文献_第3页

Knowledge of and access to contraceptive information and services among teenagers with child welfare involvement: A descriptive study across the transition to high school 涉及儿童福利的青少年对避孕信息和服务的了解及获取途径：高中过渡时期的描述性研究

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108004

Katie Massey Combs , Sarah J. Racz , Heather Taussig

Despite disproportionate rates of childbearing among youth with child welfare involvement, few studies have examined whether this population receives contraceptive information and knows how to access services. This longitudinal study examines responses from 245 youth with child welfare involvement (i.e., youth with an open child welfare case due to maltreatment) before and after the transition to high school. The same youth were interviewed at the end of 7th or 8th grade and roughly 2.5 years later about whether they received contraceptive information or education, if they knew how to access contraceptive services, if they received services, and sources of that information/services. By 10th /11th grade, most participants reported knowing how to access contraception and over half of females had received contraception. However, 18 % of females and 54 % of males had never received contraceptive education or information by 10th/11th grade. Schools were the dominant (often only) source of contraceptive education or information for males, while medical providers and schools were more common for females. Males were less likely than females to receive contraceptive education or information, know how to access services, or receive services. Contraception was perceived as, and in many cases was, accessible once youth were in high school. However, contraceptive information and education was received late and was incomplete for many youths irrespective of biological sex; for males, it was often never received. Implications for adults working with this population are discussed.

尽管涉及儿童福利的青少年的生育率过高，但很少有研究对这一人群是否获得避孕信息以及如何获得服务进行调查。这项纵向研究考察了 245 名涉及儿童福利的青少年（即因虐待而未结儿童福利案件的青少年）在升入高中前后的反应。这些青少年在 7 年级或 8 年级结束时以及大约 2.5 年后接受了采访，内容包括他们是否接受过避孕信息或教育、是否知道如何获得避孕服务、是否接受过服务以及信息/服务的来源。到十年级/十一年级时，大多数参与者都表示知道如何获得避孕药具，超过一半的女性接受过避孕药具。然而，18% 的女性和 54% 的男性在十年级/十一年级时从未接受过避孕教育或避孕信息。学校是男性获得避孕教育或信息的主要来源（往往是唯一来源），而医疗机构和学校对女性来说更为常见。与女性相比，男性接受避孕教育或信息、知道如何获得服务或接受服务的可能性较低。人们认为，在很多情况下，只要青少年上了高中，就可以获得避孕药具。然而，对于许多青少年来说，无论其生理性别如何，他们接受避孕信息和教育的时间都很晚，而且也不完整；对于男性来说，他们往往从未接受过避孕信息和教育。本文讨论了对从事这一人群工作的成年人的影响。

{"title":"Knowledge of and access to contraceptive information and services among teenagers with child welfare involvement: A descriptive study across the transition to high school","authors":"Katie Massey Combs , Sarah J. Racz , Heather Taussig","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite disproportionate rates of childbearing among youth with child welfare involvement, few studies have examined whether this population receives contraceptive information and knows how to access services. This longitudinal study examines responses from 245 youth with child welfare involvement (i.e., youth with an open child welfare case due to maltreatment) before and after the transition to high school. The same youth were interviewed at the end of 7th or 8th grade and roughly 2.5 years later about whether they received contraceptive information or education, if they knew how to access contraceptive services, if they received services, and sources of that information/services. By 10th /11th grade, most participants reported knowing how to access contraception and over half of females had received contraception. However, 18 % of females and 54 % of males had <em>never</em> received contraceptive education or information by 10th/11th grade. Schools were the dominant (often only) source of contraceptive education or information for males, while medical providers and schools were more common for females. Males were less likely than females to receive contraceptive education or information, know how to access services, or receive services. Contraception was perceived as, and in many cases was, accessible once youth were in high school. However, contraceptive information and education was received late and was incomplete for many youths irrespective of biological sex; for males, it was often never received. Implications for adults working with this population are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The social and emotional wellbeing of children in out-of-home care: A scoping review exploring structural and social factors 家庭外照料儿童的社会和情感福祉：探究结构性和社会性因素的范围研究

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107991

Karen Healy , Laura Simpson Reeves , Madonna Boman , Iryna Kolesnikova , Jenny Povey , Jemma Venables , Janeen Baxter , Kate Thompson

The social and emotional wellbeing of children in out-of-home care (OOHC) is a matter of concern to child protection authorities, carers, families, and the children themselves. A growing body of research suggests that children in OOHC experience higher rates of social and emotional adversity compared to the general population and this, in turn, has flow-on effects for many other life outcomes, such as educational attainment, employment, family relationships, and health and wellbeing throughout their life course. Further, it is established that children in OOHC are disproportionately drawn from families and communities subject to structural disadvantage. This is an important consideration given that structural disadvantage is a known contributor to lower social and emotional wellbeing across the life course.

In this paper we explore the extent to which social and structural factors are recognised in the definition and operationalisation of social and emotional wellbeing in contemporary research about children in OOHC. We use a scoping review methodology to examine the peer-reviewed research on social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC published over the past 10 years (2014–2023). We identify five themes in this literature. We find most of the research on social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC focuses on the mental health, and emotional and behavioural components of wellbeing, with limited engagement with social and structural components of wellbeing. The social dimensions of wellbeing are largely concerned with one-on-one interactions between children and their immediate social network, such as interactions with carers, family, school, and neighbourhood. We consider the implications of these findings for recommendations to improve the social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC to include the impacts of structural disadvantage on the wellbeing of children in OOHC.

家庭外照料（OOHC）儿童的社会和情感福祉是儿童保护机构、照料者、家庭和儿童本身都关心的问题。越来越多的研究表明，与普通人群相比，接受家庭外儿童照料的儿童在社会和情感方面遭遇逆境的比例更高，而这反过来又会对许多其他生活结果产生影响，如教育程度、就业、家庭关系以及一生中的健康和幸福。此外，可以确定的是，老年保健中心的儿童不成比例地来自处于结构性不利地位的家庭和社区。在本文中，我们将探讨在有关海外高龄健康儿童的当代研究中，社会和结构因素在社会和情感幸福的定义和操作中得到认可的程度。我们采用范围审查方法，对过去 10 年（2014-2023 年）发表的、经同行评议的关于奥兰治健康中心儿童的社会和情感幸福的研究进行了审查。我们在这些文献中确定了五个主题。我们发现，大部分关于大洋洲健康中心儿童的社会和情感福祉的研究都侧重于福祉的心理健康、情感和行为组成部分，而对福祉的社会和结构组成部分的研究则很有限。幸福感的社会维度主要涉及儿童与其直接社会网络之间的一对一互动，如与照顾者、家人、学校和邻里之间的互动。我们考虑了这些研究结果对提出建议的影响，这些建议旨在改善 OOHC 儿童的社会和情感福祉，包括结构性不利条件对 OOHC 儿童福祉的影响。

{"title":"The social and emotional wellbeing of children in out-of-home care: A scoping review exploring structural and social factors","authors":"Karen Healy , Laura Simpson Reeves , Madonna Boman , Iryna Kolesnikova , Jenny Povey , Jemma Venables , Janeen Baxter , Kate Thompson","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The social and emotional wellbeing of children in out-of-home care (OOHC) is a matter of concern to child protection authorities, carers, families, and the children themselves. A growing body of research suggests that children in OOHC experience higher rates of social and emotional adversity compared to the general population and this, in turn, has flow-on effects for many other life outcomes, such as educational attainment, employment, family relationships, and health and wellbeing throughout their life course. Further, it is established that children in OOHC are disproportionately drawn from families and communities subject to structural disadvantage. This is an important consideration given that structural disadvantage is a known contributor to lower social and emotional wellbeing across the life course.</div><div>In this paper we explore the extent to which social and structural factors are recognised in the definition and operationalisation of social and emotional wellbeing in contemporary research about children in OOHC. We use a scoping review methodology to examine the peer-reviewed research on social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC published over the past 10 years (2014–2023). We identify five themes in this literature. We find most of the research on social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC focuses on the mental health, and emotional and behavioural components of wellbeing, with limited engagement with social and structural components of wellbeing. The social dimensions of wellbeing are largely concerned with one-on-one interactions between children and their immediate social network, such as interactions with carers, family, school, and neighbourhood. We consider the implications of these findings for recommendations to improve the social and emotional wellbeing of children in OOHC to include the impacts of structural disadvantage on the wellbeing of children in OOHC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“What is the point of being able to enter a building if the service or activity is not adapted?”: Leisure opportunities for people with severe disabilities’ "如果服务或活动没有经过调整，那么能够进入建筑物又有什么意义呢？重度残疾人的休闲机会

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107993

Marta Mira-Aladrén , Javier Martín-Peña , Marta Gil Lacruz

Leisure and relationships are crucial for human development, especially in the youth stage, and are recognised rights. Notwithstanding, young people with disabilities encounter many barriers to access these activities, especially those with severe disabilities. We aim to analyse their experiences and those of their families in this area. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of 25 interviews held with young people with severe disabilities and/or their guardians from different areas of Aragón (Spain). We detected difficulties, such as access to resources, and the relevance of family support and its impact. Aggravating factors, such as being institutionalised, being a migrant or having multidisability were assessed. After discussing participants’ proposals with current research, we proposed measures to improve social inclusion in the leisure of young people with severe disabilities, such as recognising the leisure assistant figure, the training for and more professionals, or the incorporation of the intersectional perspective into specialised social services.

休闲和人际关系对人的发展至关重要，尤其是在青年阶段，也是公认的权利。尽管如此，残疾青少年，尤其是重度残疾青少年，在参加这些活动时仍会遇到许多障碍。我们旨在分析他们及其家人在这方面的经历。我们对与来自阿拉贡（西班牙）不同地区的重度残疾青少年和/或其监护人进行的 25 次访谈进行了反思性专题分析。我们发现了一些困难，如获取资源、家庭支持的相关性及其影响。我们还评估了一些不利因素，如被收容、移民或患有多种残疾。在将参与者的建议与当前的研究进行讨论后，我们提出了改善重度残疾青少年休闲的社会融入措施，如承认休闲助理的地位、培训更多的专业人员或将交叉视角纳入专门的社会服务。

{"title":"“What is the point of being able to enter a building if the service or activity is not adapted?”: Leisure opportunities for people with severe disabilities’","authors":"Marta Mira-Aladrén , Javier Martín-Peña , Marta Gil Lacruz","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leisure and relationships are crucial for human development, especially in the youth stage, and are recognised rights. Notwithstanding, young people with disabilities encounter many barriers to access these activities, especially those with severe disabilities. We aim to analyse their experiences and those of their families in this area. We conducted a reflexive thematic analysis of 25 interviews held with young people with severe disabilities and/or their guardians from different areas of Aragón (Spain). We detected difficulties, such as access to resources, and the relevance of family support and its impact. Aggravating factors, such as being institutionalised, being a migrant or having multidisability were assessed. After discussing participants’ proposals with current research, we proposed measures to improve social inclusion in the leisure of young people with severe disabilities, such as recognising the leisure assistant figure, the training for and more professionals, or the incorporation of the intersectional perspective into specialised social services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Longitudinal bidirectional relationships between deviant peer affiliation/core self-evaluation and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents 中国青少年的偏差同伴关系/核心自我评价与非自杀性自伤之间的纵向双向关系

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107984

Rui Zhang , Ruibo Xie , Wan Ding , Shengcheng Song , Qingfeng Yang , Xiuyun Lin

The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents is worsening. Although adolescents’ peer relationships or self-perceptions have been found to be possible predictors of self-injury, the reverse effects of self-injury and their longitudinal dynamics remain unknown. Participants were recruited from several schools in Anhui Province, China (N = 966, Mage at Time 1 = 15.46) and completed follow-up measures at three-time points at 6-month intervals. Results showed that (1) two vicious circle mechanisms were found in the total sample, namely T2 deviant peer affiliation or T2 core self-evaluation mediating T1 and T3 self-injury. (2) Gender subgroups revealed that compared to boys, girls’ deviant peer affiliation stably predicted self-injury, and T2 self-injury mediated T1 deviant peer affiliation and T3 core self-evaluation. These findings suggest that effective interventions for self-evaluation and peer relationships may be a favorable perspective to reduce self-injury in adolescents and facilitate breaking the vicious cycle of self-injury.

中国青少年非自杀性自伤的发生率呈上升趋势。虽然青少年的同伴关系或自我认知可能是自伤的预测因素，但自伤的反向影响及其纵向动态仍是未知数。我们从中国安徽省的几所学校招募了参与者（人数=966，时间1时的 "法师"=15.46），并完成了三个时间点、间隔6个月的追踪测量。结果显示：（1）在全部样本中发现了两种恶性循环机制，即T2偏离同伴关系或T2核心自我评价介导T1和T3自伤。(2）性别分组显示，与男孩相比，女孩的偏差同伴从属关系稳定地预测了自伤，而T2自伤则介导了T1偏差同伴从属关系和T3核心自我评价。这些研究结果表明，对自我评价和同伴关系的有效干预可能是减少青少年自伤的有利视角，有助于打破自伤的恶性循环。

{"title":"Longitudinal bidirectional relationships between deviant peer affiliation/core self-evaluation and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents","authors":"Rui Zhang , Ruibo Xie , Wan Ding , Shengcheng Song , Qingfeng Yang , Xiuyun Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents is worsening. Although adolescents’ peer relationships or self-perceptions have been found to be possible predictors of self-injury, the reverse effects of self-injury and their longitudinal dynamics remain unknown. Participants were recruited from several schools in Anhui Province, China (N = 966, Mage at Time 1 = 15.46) and completed follow-up measures at three-time points at 6-month intervals. Results showed that (1) two vicious circle mechanisms were found in the total sample, namely T2 deviant peer affiliation or T2 core self-evaluation mediating T1 and T3 self-injury. (2) Gender subgroups revealed that compared to boys, girls’ deviant peer affiliation stably predicted self-injury, and T2 self-injury mediated T1 deviant peer affiliation and T3 core self-evaluation. These findings suggest that effective interventions for self-evaluation and peer relationships may be a favorable perspective to reduce self-injury in adolescents and facilitate breaking the vicious cycle of self-injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Latent class analysis of adverse outcomes for youth transitioning out of foster care and early risk factors 对脱离寄养家庭的青少年的不良后果和早期风险因素进行潜类分析

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107996

Nelís Soto-Ramírez , Amber Baughman , Taylor Giles , Sultan Alsallum

Youth transitioning out of foster care are at high risk for adverse outcomes compared to their peers, but the factors that influence those outcomes are complex. Early intervention is key for this population but developing priorities can be a challenge. Researchers and programs serving these youth must be able to effectively target interventions to disproportionately affected youth to receive the best results. Previous studies have not considered the complexity and heterogeneity of assessing multiple youth outcomes in a sound methodological way. For this study, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify youth with similar patterns and outcome experiences, using a practical demonstration with the public National Youth in Transition (NYTD) and Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) databases. This study aims: 1) to apply latent class analysis to determine latent classes of youth who transition out of foster care according to the adverse outcomes they experience; 2) to estimate whether youth sociodemographic characteristics and adverse youth’s experiences before and during foster care is associated with identified latent classes of youth adverse outcomes. Three latent classes were identified: 1) mostly homelessness outcome, 2) little or no adverse outcomes, 3) complex adverse outcomes. Our results further highlight that multiple youth’s experiences before and during foster care, youth sociodemographic characteristics, and events while in foster care are associated with youth’s outcomes once they transition out of foster care. Stakeholders and program administrators at welfare agencies may use these findings to enhance policy and procedures to ameliorate youth outcomes.

与同龄人相比，脱离寄养家庭的青少年极有可能出现不良后果，但影响这些后果的因素却很复杂。早期干预对这一人群至关重要，但制定优先事项可能是一项挑战。研究人员和为这些青少年提供服务的项目必须能够有效地针对受影响过大的青少年进行干预，以获得最佳效果。以往的研究没有考虑到以合理的方法评估多种青少年结果的复杂性和异质性。在这项研究中，我们使用了潜类分析法（Latent Class Analysis，LCA）来识别具有相似模式和结果经历的青少年，并利用公开的全国过渡青少年数据库（National Youth in Transition，NYTD）和收养与寄养分析报告系统（Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System，AFCARS）数据库进行了实际演示。本研究旨在1）应用潜类分析法，根据青少年经历的不良后果，确定从寄养家庭过渡出来的青少年的潜类；2）估计青少年的社会人口特征以及青少年在寄养家庭之前和期间的不良经历是否与所确定的青少年不良后果潜类有关。确定了三个潜在类别：1）主要是无家可归的结果；2）很少或没有不良后果；3）复杂的不良后果。我们的研究结果进一步强调，青少年在寄养之前和寄养期间的多种经历、青少年的社会人口特征以及在寄养期间发生的事件都与青少年脱离寄养后的结果有关。福利机构的利益相关者和项目管理人员可以利用这些发现来改进政策和程序，以改善青少年的结果。

{"title":"Latent class analysis of adverse outcomes for youth transitioning out of foster care and early risk factors","authors":"Nelís Soto-Ramírez , Amber Baughman , Taylor Giles , Sultan Alsallum","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Youth transitioning out of foster care are at high risk for adverse outcomes compared to their peers, but the factors that influence those outcomes are complex. Early intervention is key for this population but developing priorities can be a challenge. Researchers and programs serving these youth must be able to effectively target interventions to disproportionately affected youth to receive the best results. Previous studies have not considered the complexity and heterogeneity of assessing multiple youth outcomes in a sound methodological way. For this study, Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify youth with similar patterns and outcome experiences, using a practical demonstration with the public National Youth in Transition (NYTD) and Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System (AFCARS) databases. This study aims: 1) to apply latent class analysis to determine latent classes of youth who transition out of foster care according to the adverse outcomes they experience; 2) to estimate whether youth sociodemographic characteristics and adverse youth’s experiences before and during foster care is associated with identified latent classes of youth adverse outcomes. Three latent classes were identified: 1) mostly homelessness outcome, 2) little or no adverse outcomes, 3) complex adverse outcomes. Our results further highlight that multiple youth’s experiences before and during foster care, youth sociodemographic characteristics, and events while in foster care are associated with youth’s outcomes once they transition out of foster care. Stakeholders and program administrators at welfare agencies may use these findings to enhance policy and procedures to ameliorate youth outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding young caring in the UK pre- and post-COVID-19: Prevalence, correlates, and insights from three UK longitudinal surveys 了解 COVID-19 前后英国年轻人的关爱情况：英国三次纵向调查的流行率、相关性和启示

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108009

Alejandra Letelier , Anne McMunn , Andy McGowan , Beth Neale , Rebecca Lacey

Background

Despite increasing awareness of young carers in recent years, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of both the prevalence and the characteristics of young carers. Our study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and characteristics of young carers.

Methods

This research utilised data from three UK longitudinal surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), the COVID Social Mobility and Opportunities (COSMO) study, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We focused on adolescents aged 16–18, and examined two pre-COVID (UKHLS and MCS) and two post-COVID (UKHLS and COSMO) samples.

Results

The prevalence of young carers increased from 8.0 % pre-COVID to 9.8–11.9 % since COVID. Young carers were more commonly found in single-parent and socioeconomically disadvantaged households, with a higher prevalence of young carers in homes where parents were out of paid employment or held lower educational qualifications. Young carers were also more likely to reside in deprived areas. Most young carers engaged in low-intensity caring (< 10 h/week), but post-COVID there was an increase in high-intensity caring (10 + hours/week), predominantly assumed by young female carers. The primary recipients of care were parents, followed by grandparents and siblings, with no change in the care recipient type since COVID.

Conclusion

This study showed an increase in the prevalence of young carers, particularly those providing high-intensity care, since the onset of the COVID pandemic. Further, young carers were more likely to come from socioeconomically disadvantaged households and areas. Given the potential impacts that young caring can have on young peoples’ lives, it is imperative that support for young carers is increased, particularly for those facing multiple disadvantages. In tandem, services that support adult health and social care need to play a key role in identifying young carers.

背景尽管近年来人们对年轻照护者的认识不断提高，但我们对年轻照护者的普遍性和特征的了解仍然存在很大差距。我们的研究旨在通过考察 COVID-19 大流行对年轻照护者的流行率和特征的影响来弥补这一差距。方法本研究利用了英国三项纵向调查的数据：英国家庭纵向调查（UKHLS）、COVID 社会流动性和机会（COSMO）研究以及千年队列研究（MCS）。我们以 16-18 岁的青少年为研究对象，分别研究了两次 COVID 之前（UKHLS 和 MCS）和两次 COVID 之后（UKHLS 和 COSMO）的样本。在单亲家庭和社会经济条件较差的家庭中，年轻照护者更为常见，而在父母没有从事有偿工作或学历较低的家庭中，年轻照护者的比例更高。年轻照护者也更有可能居住在贫困地区。大多数年轻照护者从事低强度的照护工作（每周 10 小时以下），但 COVID 后，高强度照护工作（每周 10 小时以上）有所增加，主要由年轻女性照护者承担。结论这项研究表明，自 COVID 大流行以来，年轻照护者，尤其是提供高强度照护者的人数有所增加。此外，年轻照护者更有可能来自社会经济条件较差的家庭和地区。鉴于年轻照护者对年轻人生活的潜在影响，当务之急是增加对年轻照护者的支持，尤其是那些面临多重不利条件的年轻照护者。与此同时，支持成人健康和社会护理的服务机构也需要在识别年轻照护者方面发挥关键作用。

{"title":"Understanding young caring in the UK pre- and post-COVID-19: Prevalence, correlates, and insights from three UK longitudinal surveys","authors":"Alejandra Letelier , Anne McMunn , Andy McGowan , Beth Neale , Rebecca Lacey","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Despite increasing awareness of young carers in recent years, there remains a significant gap in our understanding of both the prevalence and the characteristics of young carers. Our study aims to address this gap by examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prevalence and characteristics of young carers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This research utilised data from three UK longitudinal surveys: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS), the COVID Social Mobility and Opportunities (COSMO) study, and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS). We focused on adolescents aged 16–18, and examined two pre-COVID (UKHLS and MCS) and two post-COVID (UKHLS and COSMO) samples.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of young carers increased from 8.0 % pre-COVID to 9.8–11.9 % since COVID. Young carers were more commonly found in single-parent and socioeconomically disadvantaged households, with a higher prevalence of young carers in homes where parents were out of paid employment or held lower educational qualifications. Young carers were also more likely to reside in deprived areas. Most young carers engaged in low-intensity caring (< 10 h/week), but post-COVID there was an increase in high-intensity caring (10 + hours/week), predominantly assumed by young female carers. The primary recipients of care were parents, followed by grandparents and siblings, with no change in the care recipient type since COVID.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study showed an increase in the prevalence of young carers, particularly those providing high-intensity care, since the onset of the COVID pandemic. Further, young carers were more likely to come from socioeconomically disadvantaged households and areas. Given the potential impacts that young caring can have on young peoples’ lives, it is imperative that support for young carers is increased, particularly for those facing multiple disadvantages. In tandem, services that support adult health and social care need to play a key role in identifying young carers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining deportation and detention-related separation and youth risk and protective factors and well-being 审查与递解出境和拘留有关的分离以及青少年的风险和保护因素及福祉

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107992

Lauren E. McPherson , Maura Shramko , Jia-Shyuan K. Su , Dora Palma , Maria Veronica Svetaz

Purpose

One in four U.S. Latine children has a parent who is an undocumented immigrant, putting them at risk of parental separation due to deportation. This study examines differences in multiple dimensions of health and well-being among Latine youth who experienced separation from a caregiver due to deportation, separation due to other reasons, and no separation.

Methods

Our sample included clinic patients 10–24 years of age who were assessed for caregiver separation between April 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 (n = 194). All patients were administered a modified Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) at intake. For patients who reported any separation, trained coders reviewed charts to document separation due to deportation or other reasons. We conducted logistic regression of separation due to deportation, separation for other reasons, and no separation with predicting GAPS indicators for health and well-being.

Results

Of the 194 patients in our sample, 82 experienced caregiver separation, with 26 of these separated due to deportation. Compared to youth who had not been separated from a caregiver, youth experiencing deportation-related parental separation were 17 times more likely to have thought about running away and four times more likely to have seriously considered suicide. In addition, youth experiencing deportation-related separation were 68% less likely to have at least one person they can trust, 70% less likely to have daily meals with their family, and 70% less likely to have a role model.

Discussion

Though further research is needed to describe the connection between deportation-related caregiver separation and specific youth outcomes and ways to mitigate negative outcomes, this research stresses the traumatic effect of deportation-related caregiver separation on youth, highlighting the clinical implications of deportation policy in the US.

目的每四名美国拉丁裔儿童中就有一名的父母是无证移民，这使他们面临父母因递解出境而分离的风险。本研究探讨了因递解出境而与照顾者分离、因其他原因而与照顾者分离以及未与照顾者分离的拉丁裔青少年在健康和福祉的多个维度上的差异。方法我们的样本包括在 2017 年 4 月 1 日至 2019 年 12 月 31 日期间接受照顾者分离评估的 10-24 岁诊所患者（n = 194）。所有患者在入院时都接受了经过修改的《青少年预防服务指南》（GAPS）。对于报告有任何分离情况的患者，经过培训的编码员会查看病历，记录因递解出境或其他原因而导致的分离。我们对因递解出境而分居、因其他原因分居和未分居进行了逻辑回归，并预测了 GAPS 的健康和幸福指标。与没有与照顾者分离的青少年相比，经历过与递解出境有关的父母分离的青少年想到离家出走的可能性要高出 17 倍，认真考虑过自杀的可能性要高出 4 倍。此外，经历过与递解出境相关的父母分离的青少年拥有至少一个可以信任的人的可能性降低了 68%，每天与家人共进晚餐的可能性降低了 70%，拥有榜样的可能性降低了 70%。讨论尽管还需要进一步的研究来描述与递解出境相关的照顾者分离与特定青少年结果之间的联系，以及减轻负面结果的方法，但这项研究强调了与递解出境相关的照顾者分离对青少年造成的创伤，突出了美国递解出境政策的临床影响。

{"title":"Examining deportation and detention-related separation and youth risk and protective factors and well-being","authors":"Lauren E. McPherson , Maura Shramko , Jia-Shyuan K. Su , Dora Palma , Maria Veronica Svetaz","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>One in four U.S. Latine children has a parent who is an undocumented immigrant, putting them at risk of parental separation due to deportation. This study examines differences in multiple dimensions of health and well-being among Latine youth who experienced separation from a caregiver due to deportation, separation due to other reasons, and no separation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Our sample included clinic patients 10–24 years of age who were assessed for caregiver separation between April 1, 2017 and December 31, 2019 (n = 194). All patients were administered a modified Guidelines for Adolescent Preventive Services (GAPS) at intake. For patients who reported any separation, trained coders reviewed charts to document separation due to deportation or other reasons. We conducted logistic regression of separation due to deportation, separation for other reasons, and no separation with predicting GAPS indicators for health and well-being.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 194 patients in our sample, 82 experienced caregiver separation, with 26 of these separated due to deportation. Compared to youth who had not been separated from a caregiver, youth experiencing deportation-related parental separation were 17 times more likely to have thought about running away and four times more likely to have seriously considered suicide. In addition, youth experiencing deportation-related separation were 68% less likely to have at least one person they can trust, 70% less likely to have daily meals with their family, and 70% less likely to have a role model.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Though further research is needed to describe the connection between deportation-related caregiver separation and specific youth outcomes and ways to mitigate negative outcomes, this research stresses the traumatic effect of deportation-related caregiver separation on youth, highlighting the clinical implications of deportation policy in the US.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vocational rehabilitation services and career readiness for individuals with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia 沙特阿拉伯智障人士的职业康复服务和职业准备情况

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108003

Hussain A. Almalky , Arwa M. Alwadei

Successful vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs facilitate a smooth transition to work. However, finding and maintaining a job is still a challenge for individuals with disabilities for various reasons, including job readiness. Given that teachers are involved in delivering VR services to adolescents with disabilities, the purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perspectives on VR services provided to individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in their educational institutions in Al-Kharj city to prepare them to transition to employment. Teachers’ perspectives on VR programs for students with ID are vital in identifying the current state of the services provided and directing future efforts in the field of secondary transition. A descriptive approach was employed to achieve the study’s purpose, and a survey was designed and used, reaching 89 respondents. The findings revealed that teachers believe that services provided in VR programs prepare individuals with ID to transition to work. The study also showed statistically significant differences between teachers’ responses concerning services provided according to years of experience and institution type. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.

成功的职业康复（VR）计划有助于残疾人顺利过渡到工作岗位。然而，由于各种原因（包括就业准备），对于残疾人来说，寻找和维持工作仍然是一项挑战。鉴于教师参与了为残疾青少年提供职业康复服务的工作，本研究旨在考察教师对 Al-Kharj 市教育机构为智障人士提供的职业康复服务的看法，以便为他们过渡到就业做好准备。教师对针对智障学生的 VR 项目的看法对于确定所提供服务的现状和指导未来在中等教育过渡领域的工作至关重要。为达到研究目的，我们采用了描述性方法，并设计和使用了一项调查，共有 89 名受访者参与。研究结果表明，教师们认为职业康复计划所提供的服务为智障人士过渡到工作岗位做好了准备。研究还显示，教师对所提供服务的回答在统计上存在显著差异，这与他们的工作年限和机构类型有关。研究还讨论了未来研究和实践的意义。

{"title":"Vocational rehabilitation services and career readiness for individuals with intellectual disability in Saudi Arabia","authors":"Hussain A. Almalky , Arwa M. Alwadei","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Successful vocational rehabilitation (VR) programs facilitate a smooth transition to work. However, finding and maintaining a job is still a challenge for individuals with disabilities for various reasons, including job readiness. Given that teachers are involved in delivering VR services to adolescents with disabilities, the purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ perspectives on VR services provided to individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in their educational institutions in Al-Kharj city to prepare them to transition to employment. Teachers’ perspectives on VR programs for students with ID are vital in identifying the current state of the services provided and directing future efforts in the field of secondary transition. A descriptive approach was employed to achieve the study’s purpose, and a survey was designed and used, reaching 89 respondents. The findings revealed that teachers believe that services provided in VR programs prepare individuals with ID to transition to work. The study also showed statistically significant differences between teachers’ responses concerning services provided according to years of experience and institution type. Implications for future research and practices are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 108003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“People talk about FASD diagnosis but barely any young people are asked about it”: Diagnosis perspectives and disability identity in adolescents with FASD "人们谈论 FASD 诊断，但几乎没有年轻人被问及此事"：患有 FASD 的青少年对诊断的看法和对残疾的认同

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107979

Miranda Eodanable , Sinead Rhodes , Katie Cebula

Purpose

Young people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are underrepresented in research and in public/professional discourse around the diagnosis and the impact of this disability. This study explores adolescents’ views about their self and disability identity, and knowledge and attitude towards the FASD diagnosis.

Method

Eight adolescents aged 12–19 years with an FASD diagnosis and in education, participated in this study. Data were collected online using Photovoice methodology and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Results

Adolescents expressed positive views of their FASD diagnosis in terms of its salience for self-understanding. They provided biological and causal explanations of FASD but there were no attributes of blame or shame towards biological parents. Adolescents primarily self-identified with personality traits and interests/hobbies but acknowledged FASD as part of their identity. As the adolescents developed their disability identity, parents and peers played different roles in the provision of information, support, and disclosure of the diagnosis.

Conclusion

The views expressed by adolescents with FASD about the value and impact of the FASD diagnosis, and the disability identity process, were similar to other groups of young people with different neurodevelopmental and physical conditions. Self-understanding and advocacy relating to diagnosis and disability during adolescence can enhance wellbeing, access to supports and a positive self-identity. Professionals across different services can play a proactive role to develop the positive disability identity of adolescents with FASD.

目的患有胎儿酒精中毒综合症（FASD）的青少年在研究和公众/专业界关于该残疾的诊断和影响的讨论中代表性不足。本研究探讨了青少年对自我和残疾身份的看法，以及对 FASD 诊断的认识和态度。研究采用 "摄影之声"（Photovoice）方法在线收集数据，并使用 "解释性现象学分析"（Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis）对数据进行分析。他们对 FASD 做出了生物学和因果方面的解释，但没有对亲生父母表示责备或羞愧。青少年主要以个性特征和兴趣/爱好进行自我认同，但也承认 FASD 是其身份认同的一部分。结论患有 FASD 的青少年对 FASD 诊断的价值和影响以及残疾身份认同过程所表达的观点与其他患有不同神经发育和身体状况的青少年群体相似。在青少年时期，对诊断和残疾的自我理解和宣传可以提高他们的幸福感、获得支持和积极的自我认同。不同服务机构的专业人员可以发挥积极作用，培养患有 FASD 的青少年对残疾的积极认同。

{"title":"“People talk about FASD diagnosis but barely any young people are asked about it”: Diagnosis perspectives and disability identity in adolescents with FASD","authors":"Miranda Eodanable , Sinead Rhodes , Katie Cebula","doi":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Young people with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are underrepresented in research and in public/professional discourse around the diagnosis and the impact of this disability. This study explores adolescents’ views about their self and disability identity, and knowledge and attitude towards the FASD diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Eight adolescents aged 12–19 years with an FASD diagnosis and in education, participated in this study. Data were collected online using Photovoice methodology and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Adolescents expressed positive views of their FASD diagnosis in terms of its salience for self-understanding. They provided biological and causal explanations of FASD but there were no attributes of blame or shame towards biological parents. Adolescents primarily self-identified with personality traits and interests/hobbies but acknowledged FASD as part of their identity. As the adolescents developed their disability identity, parents and peers played different roles in the provision of information, support, and disclosure of the diagnosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The views expressed by adolescents with FASD about the value and impact of the FASD diagnosis, and the disability identity process, were similar to other groups of young people with different neurodevelopmental and physical conditions. Self-understanding and advocacy relating to diagnosis and disability during adolescence can enhance wellbeing, access to supports and a positive self-identity. Professionals across different services can play a proactive role to develop the positive disability identity of adolescents with FASD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48428,"journal":{"name":"Children and Youth Services Review","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 107979"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The reciprocal relations between perceived attachment to parents and Self-Concept clarity in adolescence 青少年对父母的依恋感与自我概念清晰度之间的相互关系

IF 2.4 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.107986

Jing Wang, Mingjia Liu, Zongkui Zhou, Qingqing Li

Adolescence is a pivotal period for the development of self-concept. Previous research has examined the association between parental attachment and adolescent self-concept clarity (SCC), but little is known about their temporal relationship in various parent–child gender dyads. This study utilized a latent change score model to examine the reciprocal relationships between attachment quality and SCC in 2539 Chinese adolescents (55.10 % girls, M_age = 17.27 years) over two waves. Results indicated that higher SCC predicted subsequent increases in parental attachment quality, and vice versa. Gender-specific analyses revealed that these reciprocal relations were primarily evident in adolescent boys, not girls. Findings underscore the importance of parent and adolescent gender in shaping the reciprocal relations between parental attachment and SCC during adolescence.

青春期是自我概念发展的关键时期。以往的研究探讨了父母依恋与青少年自我概念清晰度（SCC）之间的关系，但对不同性别父母与子女之间的时间关系知之甚少。本研究利用一个潜在的变化得分模型，在两个波次中对2539名中国青少年（55.10%为女孩，年龄=17.27岁）的依恋质量和自我概念清晰度之间的相互关系进行了研究。结果表明，SCC越高，父母依恋质量越高，反之亦然。针对不同性别的分析表明，这种相互关系主要体现在青春期男孩身上，而不是女孩身上。研究结果表明，父母和青少年的性别对于形成青春期父母依恋和SCC之间的相互关系非常重要。

引用次数: 0