Children and Youth Services Review最新文献_第5页

Exploring parents’ repertoire of everyday resistance in child welfare services — Towards a power-sensitive understanding of resistance 探索父母在儿童福利服务中的日常抵制行为——走向对抵制的权力敏感理解

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108772

Malin Fævelen

Tension between help and control is characteristic of many welfare services. Although resistance is a common reaction to control, it has received less attention in the social sciences than does power. This paper draws on the concept of everyday resistance to empirically and theoretically study how parents in contact with the Norwegian child welfare service (CWS) resist the well-meaning power of the service. The analysis demonstrates that parents in contact with the service draw on a vast repertoire of everyday resistance: avoidance, the involvement of persons outside the service, constructive resistance, objection and pretending to accommodate. Parents’ resistance and the contexts in which it occurs reveal that relationships between child welfare workers (CWWs) and parents are not simply straightforward power dynamics in which all parents are equally subordinate to the service. Rather, these relationships are fluid, evolve over time, and are shaped by both material conditions and discursive frameworks—factors that are closely tied to the parents’ class background. Recognising resistance as a natural phenomenon within child welfare services (CWS) is a crucial first step toward becoming more attuned to everyday acts of resistance, particularly subtle acts, which marginalised families more often play out. By listening closely to parents’ resistance, we recognise them as knowledgeable subjects whose insights can contribute to more reflexive and sensitive services.

帮助和控制之间的紧张关系是许多福利服务的特点。尽管抵抗是对控制的一种常见反应，但在社会科学中，它受到的关注不如权力。本文利用日常抗拒的概念，从实证和理论两方面研究与挪威儿童福利服务（CWS）接触的父母如何抗拒该服务的善意力量。分析表明，与服务机构接触的父母会利用日常抵制的大量手段：回避、服务机构以外的人参与、建设性抵制、反对和假装适应。父母的抵制和这种抵制发生的背景表明，儿童福利工作者（CWWs）和父母之间的关系不是简单的直接的权力动态，在这种关系中，所有的父母都平等地服从于服务。相反，这些关系是流动的，随着时间的推移而演变，并受到物质条件和话语框架的影响——这些因素与父母的阶级背景密切相关。认识到抵制是儿童福利服务（CWS）内部的一种自然现象，这是迈向更加适应日常抵制行为，尤其是边缘化家庭更经常出现的微妙行为的关键的第一步。通过仔细倾听家长的反对意见，我们认识到他们是知识渊博的主体，他们的见解可以有助于提供更具反身性和敏感性的服务。

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引用次数: 0

Developmental differences in children’s visits with parents in jail 儿童探望父母在监狱中的发展差异

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108771

Lauren A. Hindt , Laurel Davis , Elizabeth L. Shaver , Julie Poehlmann , Rebecca J. Shlafer

The United States has the largest population of individuals who are incarcerated in the world; the majority are parents of minor children. This exploratory, mixed methods study described developmental differences in visiting experiences among children and parents in jail. The sample included 101 child-caregiver-parent in jail triads. Children were 3–17 years (M = 7.32, SD = 3.64 years; 52 % female). Researchers administered the Jail Prison Observation Checklist (quantitative data) and wrote open-ended descriptions of visits (qualitative data). Logistic regression revealed that younger child age was associated with increased likelihood of attachment behaviors (e.g., holding hands) and dysregulation (e.g., whining). Older child age related to higher likelihood of serious/somber affect. Qualitative themes situated in an ecological systems framework included child characteristics, attachment with caregivers and parents in jail, family interactions, jail talk, saying goodbye, caregiver stress, parent-caregiver interactions, and corrections environments. This study highlighted the importance of developmental considerations while supporting children with parents in jail.

美国是世界上被监禁人数最多的国家；大多数是未成年子女的父母。这个探索性的、混合方法的研究描述了儿童和父母在探视经历中的发展差异。样本包括101个监狱黑社会中的儿童看护父母。儿童年龄3 ~ 17岁（M = 7.32, SD = 3.64岁，52%为女性）。研究人员管理了监狱监狱观察清单（定量数据），并撰写了开放式的访问描述（定性数据）。逻辑回归显示，儿童年龄越小，依恋行为（如牵手）和行为失调（如哭闹）的可能性越高。儿童年龄越大，患严重/忧郁影响的可能性越大。生态系统框架中的定性主题包括儿童特征、与看护者和父母在监狱中的依恋、家庭互动、监狱谈话、告别、看护者压力、父母-看护者互动和矫正环境。这项研究强调了在支持父母身陷囹圄的儿童时考虑发展因素的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring the prevalence, forms, risk factors, and interventions associated with violence against children in alternative care settings: A scoping review 探讨替代照料环境中与暴力侵害儿童行为有关的流行程度、形式、风险因素和干预措施：范围审查

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108766

Justin Rogers , Susie Wilson , Jen Dixon

Violence against children (VAC) in alternative care settings, including foster care, residential care, and kinship care, is a significant global concern. This scoping review synthesises evidence from 77 studies published between 2014 and 2024 across high, middle, and low-income contexts, examining the forms, risk factors, consequences, protective features, and interventions associated with violence in care. In line with PRISMA-ScR guidance, the review maps patterns in the evidence base but does not estimate pooled prevalence across settings.

Neglect was the most frequently reported form of maltreatment, often linked to poverty and limited external support, including in some informal kinship care contexts. Residential settings were commonly associated with reports of physical abuse and peer violence, while findings on sexual abuse varied across contexts. Emotional abuse was reported in all care settings.

Identified risk factors included placement instability, inadequate caregiver support, poverty, and prior exposure to violence. Reported consequences ranged from poor mental health and disrupted relationships to heightened risks of revictimisation. Evidence on effective interventions was sparse, although supportive caregiver–child relationships and trauma-informed models were noted as protective.

Important gaps remain in longitudinal and disaggregated evidence, particularly in lowand middle-income contexts and with respect to peer violence, children with disabilities, and LGBTQI + youth. While this review focuses on violence, it is essential to caution that many children experience alternative care as protective and nurturing, and our findings should not be interpreted as suggesting that all care arrangements are harmful. Strengthening family-based care, ensuring robust oversight, embedding protective, child-centred practices, and prioritising reintegration where possible are critical to reducing risks and promoting children’s well-being.

在替代照料环境（包括寄养、寄宿照料和亲属照料）中对儿童的暴力行为是全球关注的一个重大问题。本范围审查综合了2014年至2024年期间在高、中、低收入背景下发表的77项研究的证据，审查了与护理中暴力相关的形式、风险因素、后果、保护特征和干预措施。与PRISMA-ScR指南一致，该综述绘制了证据库中的模式图，但没有估计不同环境下的总患病率。忽视是最常见的虐待形式，往往与贫穷和有限的外部支持有关，包括在一些非正式的亲属照料环境中。居住环境通常与身体虐待和同伴暴力的报告有关，而关于性虐待的调查结果因环境而异。所有护理机构都报告了精神虐待。确定的风险因素包括安置不稳定、照顾者支持不足、贫困和以前接触过暴力。报告的后果包括精神健康状况不佳和关系破裂，以及再次受害的风险增加。关于有效干预措施的证据很少，尽管支持性的照顾者-儿童关系和创伤知情模式被认为是有保护作用的。纵向和分类证据方面仍然存在重大差距，特别是在低收入和中等收入背景下以及同龄人暴力、残疾儿童和LGBTQI +青年方面。虽然这篇综述的重点是暴力，但有必要提醒的是，许多儿童经历了替代照料作为保护和培育，我们的研究结果不应被解释为表明所有照料安排都是有害的。加强以家庭为基础的照料，确保强有力的监督，嵌入保护性的、以儿童为中心的做法，并在可能的情况下优先考虑重返社会，这些对于减少风险和促进儿童福祉至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Others of the other: Examining migrant children’s delinquency through the exclusion–support matrix 其他的：通过排斥-支持矩阵研究流动儿童的犯罪

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108780

Beyza Ünal , Mustafa Kocanci , Beyhan Aksoy , Kardelen Devrim Doruköz , Berk Uslu , Mete Kaan Namal

This study aims to analyze migrant children’s delinquency by examining their pathways into offending within a structural and multi-level framework. Based on a qualitative research design, data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 professionals from NGOs working directly with migrant children in Türkiye. Thematic analysis revealed that intersecting factors such as discrimination, poverty, exclusion from education, peer influence, and limited access to services play a significant role in shaping children’s pathways to crime. The findings are interpreted through theoretical lenses, including labelling theory, strain theory, attachment theory, and the social exclusion approach, emphasizing that children’s involvement in crime stems not only from individual factors but also from structural vulnerabilities. As an original contribution, the study introduces the “Exclusion–Support Matrix,” a conceptual tool that categorizes children’s vulnerability levels across nine typologies, providing a strategic framework for targeted interventions. The matrix offers a grounded, ethically informed, and practice-based understanding of migrant children’s criminalization processes. It underscores the need for rights-based, intersectional, and holistic policy frameworks capable of reshaping child protection and integration strategies. Moreover, by revealing how children move dynamically between different levels of risk, the matrix highlights the importance of differentiated, theory-informed, and context-sensitive responses. The findings provide practical guidance for service providers and policymakers seeking to design inclusive, prevention-oriented strategies for migrant children, while the Exclusion–Support Matrix serves as a transferable framework for informing child protection and social inclusion policies.

本研究旨在分析流动儿童的犯罪行为，在一个结构和多层次的框架内考察他们的犯罪途径。在质性研究设计的基础上，通过对15名直接从事基耶省流动儿童工作的非政府组织专业人员的深度访谈收集数据。专题分析显示，歧视、贫穷、被排斥在教育之外、同辈影响和获得服务的机会有限等相互交织的因素在塑造儿童的犯罪道路方面发挥了重要作用。研究结果通过标签理论、应变理论、依恋理论和社会排斥理论等理论视角进行解释，强调儿童参与犯罪不仅源于个体因素，还源于结构性脆弱性。作为一项原创贡献，该研究引入了“排斥-支持矩阵”，这是一个概念工具，将儿童的脆弱性分为九种类型，为有针对性的干预提供了战略框架。该矩阵为移民儿童的定罪过程提供了一个有根据的、合乎道德的和基于实践的理解。报告强调需要建立以权利为基础的、交叉的和整体的政策框架，能够重塑儿童保护和融合战略。此外，通过揭示儿童如何在不同的风险水平之间动态移动，矩阵强调了差异化，理论知情和上下文敏感反应的重要性。研究结果为寻求为流动儿童设计包容性、以预防为导向的战略的服务提供者和政策制定者提供了实用指导，而排斥-支持矩阵则是为儿童保护和社会包容政策提供信息的可转让框架。

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引用次数: 0

Unleashing the superpowers of peer group empathy: a study on bullying intervention tendency and behavior in primary school students 释放同伴群体共情的超能力：小学生欺凌干预倾向与行为的研究

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108762

Chenhui Dai, Yujing Dang, Xiaojun Zhao, Changxiu Shi

Although previous studies have confirmed that bystanders with high empathy are more inclined to actively intervene in bullying incidents. These investigations have primarily focused on the individual level, overlooking potential group-level influences and failing to explicitly distinguish between intervention tendency and actual intervention behavior. This study employed a longitudinal design to thoroughly investigate the mechanisms influencing bullying intervention behavior among elementary school students. During the initial measurement (T1), 1,105 students were systematically assessed for empathy, self-efficacy, peer networks, and bullying intervention tendency. A follow-up measurement (T2) conducted six weeks later involved 1,016 participants (M_age = 10.89, SD_age = 0.98) who were required to report their actual bullying intervention behavior during the preceding month. Social networks constructed through peer nominations identified 152 cliques, followed by multilevel linear model analysis. Results revealed that both T1 group empathy and T1 individual empathy significantly positively predicted T1 intervention tendency and T2 intervention behavior, while T1 intervention tendency itself positively predicted T2 intervention behavior. Furthermore, T1 self-efficacy moderated the relationship between T1 intervention tendency and T2 intervention behavior, indicating that self-efficacy facilitates the translation of intervention tendency into actual intervention behavior. This research transcends the individual-centered limitations of previous studies by revealing the independent effects of group empathy and the motivational regulatory mechanism of self-efficacy, thereby providing multi-level theoretical support for school bullying interventions.

虽然之前的研究已经证实，高同理心的旁观者更倾向于积极干预欺凌事件。这些调查主要集中在个人层面，忽视了潜在的群体层面的影响，未能明确区分干预倾向和实际干预行为。本研究采用纵向设计，深入探讨小学生欺凌干预行为的影响机制。在初始测量（T1）中，对1105名学生进行了共情、自我效能、同伴网络和欺凌干预倾向的系统评估。六周后进行的随访测量（T2）涉及1,016名参与者（Mage = 10.89, SDage = 0.98），他们被要求报告他们在前一个月的实际欺凌干预行为。通过同伴提名构建的社会网络确定了152个集团，然后进行了多层次线性模型分析。结果显示，T1群体共情和T1个体共情均显著正向预测T1干预倾向和T2干预行为，而T1干预倾向本身正向预测T2干预行为。T1自我效能调节T1干预倾向与T2干预行为的关系，说明自我效能有助于干预倾向转化为实际的干预行为。本研究突破了以往研究以个体为中心的局限，揭示了群体共情的独立作用和自我效能感的动机调节机制，为学校欺凌干预提供了多层次的理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Staff perspectives on program functioning and fidelity of a kinship navigator program 工作人员对程序功能和亲属导航程序的保真度的看法

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108751

Anna Yelick , Kristine Posada , Kasey Longley

Federal and state policies have prioritized kinship care as a preferred placement for children needing child welfare services as kinship care homes result in better outcomes related to safety, permanency, and well-being compared to traditional non-relative foster care. However, research has noted that many kinship caregivers experience hardships when assuming the role of primary caretaker, such as limited peer support, increased financial stress, and decreased mental health wellness. Kinship navigator programs were developed to mitigate the negative outcomes kinship caregivers experience while maintaining the benefits experienced by children. The purpose of this process evaluation was to determine the functionality of the Kinship Navigator Program at Kids Central, Inc., a community-based care lead agency operating in a central region of Floria from the staff perspectives. Staff perceptions regarding organizational structure, caseload and workload, roles and responsibilities, and congruence between leadership and staff were primary themes that emerged throughout the qualitative interviews. Given the growing importance of kinship care within the child welfare system, continual evaluation and optimization of kinship care programs is critical to ensuring the benefit of these program for both caregivers and the children in their care.

联邦和州的政策优先考虑亲属关怀，将其作为需要儿童福利服务的儿童的首选安置，因为亲属关怀之家与传统的非亲属寄养相比，在安全性、持久性和福祉方面具有更好的结果。然而，研究指出，许多亲属照顾者在承担主要照顾者的角色时经历了困难，例如同伴支持有限，经济压力增加，心理健康状况下降。开发亲属导航程序是为了减轻亲属照顾者经历的负面结果，同时保持儿童所经历的利益。该过程评估的目的是从员工的角度来确定Kids Central， Inc.的亲属关系导航员项目的功能。Kids Central, Inc.是一家以社区为基础的护理领导机构，在佛罗里达州中部地区运营。员工对组织结构、案件数量和工作量、角色和责任以及领导和员工之间的一致性的看法是整个定性访谈中出现的主要主题。鉴于亲属关怀在儿童福利系统中的重要性日益增加，持续评估和优化亲属关怀计划对于确保这些计划对照顾者和他们所照顾的儿童都有利至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Go to school. Go to college. Make something of your life 去上学。上大学。让你的生活有所成就

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2025.108745

M. Sebrena Jackson , Toni Naccarato

Youth in foster care have historically had challenges in the area of education attainment. Many youth in foster care have gone on to become social workers based on their personal experiences in the child welfare system; however, this is anecdotal information and has not yet been formally studied in the current scholarly literature. This qualitative study surveyed those adults who left the foster care system and became social workers, having completed their Master’s in Social Work (MSW) or a Doctorate in the Social Work field or equivalent. The goals of the current project were to: give voice to these former youth in foster care in what their lived experience has been to achieve their educational goals, why the individual chose the social work profession, what supports and services were available for them to achieve their social work career and educational goals, and their recommendations for policy, practice, and research. This manuscript focuses on their educational experiences. Fourteen in-depth structured interviews were conducted. Findings highlight the power of encouragement and expectations to attend college from key relationships. This is the first research project that has explored the voices of these individuals and their journey from foster care to an educational institution, and finally to a career in the social work field. Future research should explore the experiences of former youth in foster care who chose other career paths.

在历史上，被寄养的青少年在教育成就方面一直面临着挑战。许多被寄养的青少年基于他们在儿童福利系统中的个人经历而成为社会工作者；然而，这是轶事信息，目前尚未在学术文献中进行正式研究。这项定性研究调查了那些离开寄养系统成为社会工作者的成年人，他们完成了社会工作硕士学位（MSW）或社会工作领域的博士学位或同等学历。当前项目的目标是：让这些被寄养的前青年说出他们的生活经历是如何实现他们的教育目标的，为什么他们选择社会工作职业，他们可以获得哪些支持和服务来实现他们的社会工作职业和教育目标，以及他们对政策、实践和研究的建议。这篇手稿着重讲述了他们的教育经历。进行了14次深度结构化访谈。研究结果强调了来自关键关系的鼓励和对上大学的期望的力量。这是第一个探索这些人的声音的研究项目，以及他们从寄养到教育机构，最后到社会工作领域的职业生涯。未来的研究应探讨前寄养青年选择其他职业道路的经验。

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引用次数: 0

Strengthening social support in residential care: Evidence from the D’AR-TE project 加强住宿护理中的社会支持：来自D 'AR-TE项目的证据

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108782

Paula Ferreira , Mara Ricardo

This study explores the promotion of social support as a key protective factor for the psycho-emotional and relational well-being of children and young people in residential care. Developed within the scope of the D’AR-TE Project, it aimed to analyse participants’ perceptions of the social support received from family, peers, and the care team, as well as the relational dynamics established. A mixed-method design was used, combining quantitative data from 18 male residents (aged 11–20) with qualitative interviews involving 12 participants and 17 care team members. Findings from the Perceived Social Support Scales (PSS-Family and PSS-Friends), indicated an increase in perceived support from both family and friends. Interview data revealed enhanced peer relationships, improved cooperation, and a stronger sense of group identity. Participants also reported strengthened emotional bonds with care workers, better communication, and improved behavioural self-regulation. The findings highlight the potential of arts-based and relationship-focused interventions to enhance emotional regulation, autonomy, and adaptability in residential care. Moreover, they suggest that promoting meaningful interpersonal connections can help mitigate internalising symptoms (e.g., anxiety, low self-esteem) and reduce externalising behaviours (e.g., aggression, defiance).

本研究旨在探讨社会支持的提升对儿童及青少年的心理情绪及关系健康的重要保护作用。在D ' ar - te项目范围内开发，旨在分析参与者对从家庭、同伴和护理团队获得的社会支持的看法，以及建立的关系动态。采用混合方法设计，将18名11-20岁男性居民的定量数据与12名参与者和17名护理团队成员的定性访谈相结合。来自感知社会支持量表（PSS-Family和PSS-Friends）的调查结果表明，来自家人和朋友的感知支持都有所增加。访谈数据显示同伴关系增强，合作改善，群体认同感增强。参与者还报告说，他们与护理人员的情感联系加强了，沟通更好了，行为自我调节能力也提高了。该研究结果强调了以艺术为基础和以关系为重点的干预措施在提高情绪调节、自主性和适应性方面的潜力。此外，他们认为，促进有意义的人际关系可以帮助减轻内化症状（如焦虑、低自尊）和减少外化行为（如攻击、蔑视）。

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引用次数: 0

The role of adverse and positive childhood experiences on mood challenges in child welfare population 儿童福利人群消极和积极童年经历对情绪挑战的影响

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108774

Hyeeun K. Shin , Scott C. Leon , Olga Vsevolozhskaya , Xiaoran Tong , John S. Lyons

Accumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been shown to increase the risk of physical and mental health issues in children. More recently, accumulative positive childhood experiences (PCEs) have been shown to lessen the negative impact of ACEs; however, the research to date has rarely included children in foster care. We investigated the cumulative association between ACEs and PCEs among youth in foster care (N = 19,888) ages 5–18 in a midwestern state between 2011–2023 on the likelihood of mood challenges (MCs), including affective dysregulation, anger control, anxiety, and depression. We further stratified by age, biological sex, and race. ACEs were associated with a greater likelihood of MCs, while PCEs were associated with decreased likelihood of these outcomes. The effect of PCEs was greater for affect dysregulation and anger control compared to anxiety and depression. In the affect dysregulation and anger control model, PCEs have associations, as measured by beta coefficients, nearly three times and ten times those of ACEs, respectively. Whereas PCEs also have a higher association in depression and anxiety models, the differences are less pronounced, highlighting the potentially distinct role of positive experiences with others on children’s emotion regulation.

累积的不良童年经历（ace）已被证明会增加儿童身体和心理健康问题的风险。最近，累积的积极童年经历（pce）已被证明可以减轻ace的负面影响；然而，迄今为止的研究很少包括寄养儿童。我们调查了2011-2023年间美国中西部一个州5-18岁寄养青少年（N = 19,888）的ace和pce在情绪挑战（MCs）可能性方面的累积关联，包括情感失调、愤怒控制、焦虑和抑郁。我们进一步按年龄、生理性别和种族分层。ace与更大的mc可能性相关，而pce与这些结果的可能性降低相关。与焦虑和抑郁相比，pce对情绪失调和愤怒控制的影响更大。在情绪失调和愤怒控制模型中，通过beta系数测量，pce与ace的关联分别接近3倍和10倍。尽管pce在抑郁和焦虑模型中也有较高的相关性，但差异不太明显，这突显了与他人的积极经历对儿童情绪调节的潜在独特作用。

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引用次数: 0

Promoting positive childhood experiences (PCEs) among those impacted by parental substance use: The role of multi-level connectedness 在受父母物质使用影响的儿童中促进积极的童年经历：多层次连通性的作用

IF 1.7 2区社会学 Q1 FAMILY STUDIES

Children and Youth Services Review

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2026.108769

Jennifer L. Matjasko , Joivita Bradford , Sarah Treves-Kagan , Gary Chovnick , Elizabeth Vaughn , Erin Ingoldsby , Lara DePadilla

Background

Connectedness is central to Maslow’s hierarchy and has been identified as a positive childhood experience (PCE). Connectedness can occur across the social ecology and can be particularly important for families affected by substance use by fostering resilience.

Objective

This qualitative study sampled communities experiencing varying rates of opioid overdose mortality and foster care entries to better understand connectedness among children, parents, caregivers and at the individual-, relational-, community- and systems-levels as a PCE.

Participants and Setting: The sample included six counties from three states that were selected based on their rates of opioid overdose mortality and foster care entries.

Methods

Using purposive sampling within counties, interview and discussion group participants included multi-sector community partners (N = 76), parents whose children had been removed due to parental substance use (N = 25), and caregivers of children who had been removed from their homes (N = 56). We used inductive thematic analysis to examine the data.

Results

Connectedness was identified as an important theme across participant types. Community partners identified programs that promoted connectedness for children (e.g., mentoring) as important prevention strategies. Both parents and caregivers across all communities described the importance of connecting with peers and their children. Caregivers expressed the need to connect to other caregivers and to their case workers for additional support. Connectedness between programs and systems at the community level were also important determinants of a comprehensive system of care for parents and children.

Conclusions

The implications for prevention of parental substance use and related childhood adversities are discussed, including the importance of connectedness as a primary prevention strategy at multiple levels of the social ecology.

背景连通性是马斯洛层次理论的核心，被认为是一种积极的童年经历（PCE）。连通性可以发生在整个社会生态中，通过培养恢复力，对受药物使用影响的家庭尤为重要。目的：本定性研究以经历阿片类药物过量死亡率和寄养入院率不同的社区为样本，以更好地了解儿童、父母、照顾者之间的联系，以及作为pce的个人、关系、社区和系统层面。参与者和环境：样本包括来自三个州的六个县，这些县是根据阿片类药物过量死亡率和寄养入院率选择的。方法采用县内有目的抽样，访谈和讨论组参与者包括多部门社区合作伙伴（N = 76）、因父母使用药物而被带走儿童的父母（N = 25）和被带走儿童的照顾者（N = 56）。我们使用归纳主题分析来检验数据。结果连通性被确定为跨参与者类型的重要主题。社区合作伙伴将促进儿童联系的项目（如辅导）确定为重要的预防策略。所有社区的父母和看护人都描述了与同龄人和孩子联系的重要性。照顾者表示需要与其他照顾者和他们的个案工作者联系，以获得额外的支持。社区一级的项目和系统之间的联系也是父母和儿童护理综合系统的重要决定因素。结论讨论了预防父母物质使用和相关童年逆境的意义，包括在社会生态的多个层面上，连通性作为初级预防策略的重要性。

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