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Grand Challenges Viewed through the Pragmatist Lens of the Economies of Worth: A Multidisciplinary Review and Framework for the Conduct of Moral Work in Pluralistic Settings 从实用主义的 "价值经济 "视角看重大挑战:多元环境下开展道德工作的多学科回顾与框架
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13078
Charlotte Cloutier, Francis Desjardins, Linda Rouleau
A fast‐growing number of organization and management scholars are responding to calls to conduct research on grand challenges (GCs). Few among these, however, question the core assumptions that underpin their efforts. In this paper we argue that the intractability of GCs stems from a failure to recognize the fundamentally pragmatic, plural, and moral character of these problems, which generate conflicts between groups over what is the ‘right’ or most appropriate course of action to pursue. A theoretical lens frequently used across many disciplines to make sense of problems such as these is Boltanski and Thévenot's (1991, 2006) economies of worth (EoW). On this premise, we undertake a multidisciplinary review of articles that use the EoW for studying GCs. Based on our analysis, we develop a pragmatist framework that articulates the practices that underpin the conduct of ‘moral work’ that organizational actors engage in as they seek to agree on a common sense of justice in GC contexts. Our framework provides a useful roadmap for scholars interested in applying a pragmatist perspective to our understanding of GCs, and by so doing, explore different, more socially just, and potentially more impactful ways of tackling them.
越来越多的组织与管理学者正在响应号召,开展对重大挑战(GCs)的研究。然而,这些学者中很少有人对支撑其研究工作的核心假设提出质疑。在本文中,我们认为,GCs 之所以难以解决,是因为我们没有认识到这些问题从根本上讲具有实用性、多元性和道德性,它们会在不同群体之间产生冲突,争论什么是 "正确的 "或最合适的行动方案。博尔坦斯基和泰维诺(1991 年,2006 年)提出的价值经济(EoW)是许多学科常用的理论视角,用于理解此类问题。在此前提下,我们对使用 EoW 研究 GC 的文章进行了多学科综述。在分析的基础上,我们建立了一个实用主义框架,阐明了组织行为者在全球契约背景下寻求共同的正义感时所从事的 "道德工作 "的基本实践。我们的框架为有兴趣将实用主义视角应用于我们对全球契约的理解的学者提供了一个有用的路线图,并通过这样做,探索不同的、更具社会公正性和潜在影响力的方法来解决全球契约问题。
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引用次数: 0
Reframing Silence as Purposeful: Emotions in Extreme Contexts 重塑沉默的目的性:极端环境中的情感
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-26 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13079
Madeleine Rauch, Shahzad Shaz Ansari
Individuals bear the weight of emotional distress when exposed to brutality and suffering in warzones. Yet, immersed in scenes of intense human tragedy, they must publicly mask their emotional turmoil. How then may such individuals cope with the emotional distress they suffer but mute? Through the analysis of 53 unsolicited, personal diaries, non‐participant observations in conflict zones, and interviews with Médecins Sans Frontières personnel, we study medical professionals who work in extreme contexts. Employing Goffman's notions of frontstage and backstage behaviour, we reveal silence as an emotional defence mechanism. We argue that this silence is a result of individuals’ deliberate choice rather than being muted by external forces. This choice enables individuals to maintain focus and perform critical, often life‐saving duties under extreme pressure. We find that silence does not imply an absence of emotion nor diminish emotional distress. Instead, silence functions as a protective measure against potential emotional breakdowns. We illustrate how journaling serves as a private refuge for self‐expression, enabling individuals to navigate their emotions and experiences away from scrutiny by others. We contribute to understanding emotional regulation in extreme contexts, and redefine silence as an essential aspect of coping and resilience.
在战区,当人们面对残暴和苦难时,会承受巨大的精神压力。然而,当他们沉浸在强烈的人类悲剧场景中时,他们必须公开掩饰自己的情绪波动。那么,这些人又该如何应对他们所遭受的情感痛苦,却又哑口无言呢?通过分析53篇未经请求的个人日记、在冲突地区的非参与者观察以及对无国界医生组织人员的访谈,我们研究了在极端环境下工作的医务人员。我们运用戈夫曼关于前台和后台行为的概念,揭示了沉默作为一种情感防御机制的作用。我们认为,这种沉默是个人有意选择的结果,而不是被外部力量所压制。这种选择使个人能够在极端压力下保持注意力,履行关键的、往往是拯救生命的职责。我们发现,沉默并不意味着没有情绪,也不会减轻情绪困扰。相反,沉默是防止潜在情绪崩溃的一种保护措施。我们说明了写日记如何成为自我表达的私人庇护所,使个人能够在远离他人审视的情况下引导自己的情绪和体验。我们有助于理解极端环境下的情绪调节,并将沉默重新定义为应对和恢复能力的一个重要方面。
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引用次数: 0
Transactive Memory Systems and Acquisition Performance: A Strategic Decision Making Process Perspective 交互式记忆系统与收购绩效:战略决策过程视角
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13074
Bowen Lou, Florian Bauer, Codou Samba, Neil Shepherd
During the pre‐merger phase of an acquisition, fundamental decisions are made concerning whether to buy, which company to buy, and how much to pay. Further, acquisitions carry significant firm‐wide implications requiring input from multiple different specializations, and hence, they are the product of the judgements, decisions, and social interactions between top managers. We focus our theory development on a pivotal yet under‐researched top management team characteristic, transactive memory system (TMS). TMS is the shared division of cognitive labour with respect to encoding, storing, and retrieving knowledge from individual areas of expertise. We theorize that TMT transactive memory directly influences the strategic decision making process, which in turn determines acquisition performance. We test our hypotheses with a sample of 109 acquisitions, combining survey and archival data. We find that TMT transactive memory increases reliance on expert intuition and procedural rationality, while reducing political behaviour; and each of these three strategic decision processes carries different implications for acquisition performance. Our study advances theory by explaining the team‐level behavioural mechanisms that underlie acquisition performance.
在并购的前期阶段,要就是否收购、收购哪家公司以及收购价格做出基本决策。此外,并购会对整个公司产生重大影响,需要来自多个不同专业领域的投入,因此,并购是高层管理者之间判断、决策和社会互动的产物。我们将理论发展的重点放在一个关键但研究不足的高层管理团队特征--交互记忆系统(TMS)上。TMS 是指在编码、存储和检索个人专业领域知识方面的共同认知分工。我们推测,高层管理团队的交互式记忆会直接影响战略决策过程,进而决定收购绩效。我们以 109 项收购为样本,结合调查和档案数据,验证了我们的假设。我们发现,团队互动记忆增加了对专家直觉和程序理性的依赖,同时减少了政治行为;这三个战略决策过程对收购绩效的影响各不相同。我们的研究通过解释收购绩效的团队行为机制,推动了理论的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Birds of a Feather are Punished Together, or Not? Examining Heterogeneity in Career Advancements of Minority Groups 物以类聚,人以群分?考察少数群体职业发展的异质性
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13077
Maima Aulia Syakhroza, Jan Lodge
In this study we examine the heterogeneous effects of being affiliated with different minority groups on employees’ career advancements in organizations. We draw on the categories literature and its concept of category distance to hypothesize why some minority groups may be more (dis)advantaged than others in their career advancements. To do so, we define category distance in terms of shared identity markers between groups, where identity markers are salient attributes that audiences commonly associate a group with. We test our hypotheses among religious minority groups using employment data from a large Indonesian government organization. Our results indicate that minority groups closer in distance to the organizational majority group are more penalized in their career advancements than minority groups further in distance. These results hold both at the group and at the individual level. Through our study we make contributions to the literatures on careers, categories, and the burgeoning study of religion in organizations. We conclude with implications for practice.
在本研究中,我们探讨了隶属于不同少数群体对员工在组织中职业发展的异质性影响。我们借鉴了类别文献及其类别距离的概念,来假设为什么一些少数群体在职业晋升方面可能比其他群体更具(不)优势。为此,我们根据群体间共享的身份标记来定义类别距离,其中身份标记是受众通常将一个群体与其他群体联系在一起的突出属性。我们利用印度尼西亚一家大型政府机构的就业数据,在宗教少数群体中检验了我们的假设。我们的结果表明,与组织中的多数群体相比,与多数群体距离较近的少数群体在职业晋升方面受到的影响更大。这些结果在群体和个人层面都成立。通过我们的研究,我们对有关职业、类别和组织中宗教的新兴研究文献做出了贡献。最后,我们提出了对实践的启示。
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引用次数: 0
With or without you: Family and Career-Work in a Demanding and Precarious Profession 有没有你家庭与事业--在要求高且不稳定的职业中工作
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13073
Erin Reid, Farnaz Ghaedipour, Otilia Obodaru
Family arrangements are crucial to people's abilities to meet the high demands of professional careers; but most scholarship has examined stable, highly remunerated professions. To understand the relationship between career and family within the increasing number of precarious professions, we analyse interviews with 102 journalists. We discover two broad types of career-work practices these professionals employ to engage family in their careers: career-family positioning (i.e., crafting a narrative of how career and family relate) and career-family resourcing (i.e., generating resources from family for career or vice-versa). Together, these practices touch more family members – spouses, children, parents, siblings, and extended family members – and involve a wider range of resources than documented in stable fields. By piecing together variations of these practices, professionals construct career strategies that address their difficult context in different ways. Two strategies largely accept the demands and precarity, by prioritizing career and drawing on family, or prioritizing career and forgoing family. A third, prioritizing family over career, involves defying the demands. Gender does not clearly influence which career strategy people pursue. These findings advance scholarship on career and family in the professions, social-symbolic work, and contribute to careers research more broadly.
家庭安排对人们能否满足职业生涯的高要求至关重要;但大多数研究都是针对稳定、高收入的职业。为了了解在越来越多的不稳定职业中职业与家庭之间的关系,我们分析了对 102 名记者的采访。我们发现了这些专业人士为让家庭参与其职业生涯而采用的两大类职业-工作实践:职业-家庭定位(即精心设计职业与家庭关系的叙事)和职业-家庭资源配置(即从家庭获取职业资源或反之亦然)。与稳定的领域相比,这些做法涉及更多的家庭成员--配偶、子女、父母、兄弟姐妹和大家庭成员--并涉及更广泛的资源。通过将这些做法的变体拼凑在一起,专业人员构建了职业战略,以不同的方式解决他们所处的困难环境。有两种策略在很大程度上接受了这种要求和不稳定性,即优先考虑事业并依靠家庭,或优先考虑事业而放弃家庭。第三种是家庭优先于事业,这涉及到对需求的反抗。性别并不明显影响人们采取哪种职业策略。这些研究结果推动了有关职业和家庭、社会符号工作的学术研究,并为更广泛的职业研究做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 0
Finding your Sea Legs: Exploring Newcomer Embodied Learning in an Extreme Context 寻找你的海之脚探索极端环境下的新人嵌入式学习
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-12 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13070
Ila Bharatan, Eivor Oborn, Jacky Swan
Embodied learning involves developing not only socio‐technical know‐how but also the bodily capacity to execute practices competently. In extreme contexts, newcomers encounter threatening experiences that may incapacitate their ability to participate. How newcomers develop the bodily capacity to participate in such situations is a research area that requires further attention. Using ethnographic data from a study of novices working in the risky context of seafaring, we show that newcomers encounter threat experiences (imagined, immediate, and attenuated) that trigger them to engage in three types of body work: priming, battling, and enduring, from which they develop the capacity to participate. Our analysis suggests a model of newcomer embodied learning in practices in an extreme context and contributes to embodied learning literature by showing: (1) body work directed at capacity to participate, (2) the mutually constitutive relationship between body work and threat experiences, and (3) the temporal complexity of embodied learning anchored in the body work and threat experiences.
嵌入式学习不仅涉及社会技术知识的发展,还涉及胜任实践的身体能力的发展。在极端情况下,新来者会遇到可能使其丧失参与能力的威胁性经历。在这种情况下,新来者如何发展参与的身体能力是一个需要进一步关注的研究领域。通过对在航海这一危险环境中工作的新手进行人种学研究,我们发现,新手遇到的威胁体验(想象的、直接的和减弱的)会触发他们进行三种类型的身体工作:启动、战斗和持久,并由此发展出参与能力。我们的分析提出了在极端环境下新人在实践中进行具身学习的模式,并通过展示以下内容为具身学习文献做出了贡献:(1) 以参与能力为目标的身体工作,(2) 身体工作和威胁体验之间的相互构成关系,以及 (3) 身体工作和威胁体验中体现学习的时间复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
A Contingency View of Impression Management: Heterogeneous Investor Responses to CEO Positive Portrayal of Mergers and Acquisitions 印象管理的权变观点:投资者对首席执行官正面描绘并购的不同反应
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13071
Conor Callahan, Ruixiang Song, Wei Shi, Kevin J. Veenstra, Gerry McNamara
Existing research has suggested seemingly contradictory conclusions about the efficacy of impression management (IM) tactics. While a growing body of research highlights the potential benefits of IM, other studies imply that the effectiveness of these tactics in shaping stakeholder perceptions may be limited. Our study advances theory on IM by drawing upon expectancy violations theory to develop a contingency theory of IM efficacy. Concentrating on CEOs’ positive portrayal of merger and acquisition (M&A) activity, we hypothesize that the effectiveness of this IM tactic hinges on factors related to the communicator (CEO duality), context (acquisition foreshadowing), and audience (investor type). Our results indicate that investor reactions to CEOs’ positive portrayal are more favourable when M&A activity has been foreshadowed or when the institutional investor is transient. Conversely, reactions are less favourable for CEOs also serving as board chair. Our findings provide novel insights into IM theory, suggesting that potential expectancy violations associated with IM tactics could be shaped by the attributes of communicator, context, and audience.
现有研究对印象管理(IM)策略的效果得出了看似矛盾的结论。虽然越来越多的研究强调了印象管理的潜在益处,但其他研究则暗示,这些策略在塑造利益相关者认知方面的效果可能有限。我们的研究借鉴了期望违背理论,提出了 IM 效果的权变理论,从而推进了 IM 理论的发展。我们以首席执行官对并购活动的正面描述为中心,假设这种信息传播策略的有效性取决于与传播者(首席执行官双重性)、背景(并购预示)和受众(投资者类型)相关的因素。我们的研究结果表明,当并购活动有预兆或机构投资者是短暂的时,投资者对首席执行官正面形象的反应更有利。相反,首席执行官兼任董事会主席时,投资者的反应则不太有利。我们的研究结果为即时信息理论提供了新的见解,表明与即时信息策略相关的潜在预期违规行为可能受传播者、背景和受众属性的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Guaranteed Basic Income from the Perspective of Self‐Determination Theory 从自决理论的角度看有保障的基本收入
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-10 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13075
Joshua L. Howard
In capitalistic societies the concepts of income and labour are inseparable, and as such, providing all citizens with an unconditional living wage is a contentious issue. Capitalist ideals that emphasize individual effort, competition, and financial prosperity have spurred tremendous economic growth but underestimate human motivation and have implications for human wellbeing. The aim of this essay is to examine the implications of guaranteed basic income based on existing data from the perspective of self‐determination theory, a humanistic theory of motivation that considers both practical performance‐related outcomes as well as human flourishing. I discuss the motivational dynamics involved in labour participation rates, how basic income may impact basic psychological needs and wellbeing, how basic income may impact workplace environments, and whether neoliberal capitalist values are a useful framework through which to discuss basic income. From this perspective, the benefits of basic income to individuals and society are promising. A shift in values from hyper‐rational competitive ideologies towards more humanistic frameworks such as self‐determination theory may be beneficial for not only for basic income and management research, but also the evaluation of public policy.
在资本主义社会中,收入和劳动的概念密不可分,因此,为所有公民提供无条件的生活工资是一个有争议的问题。强调个人努力、竞争和经济繁荣的资本主义理想刺激了经济的巨大增长,但却低估了人的积极性,并对人类福祉产生了影响。本文旨在根据现有数据,从自我决定理论的角度研究有保障基本收入的影响。自我决定理论是一种关于动机的人本主义理论,既考虑到与绩效相关的实际结果,也考虑到人类的繁荣。我将讨论劳动参与率所涉及的动机动力、基本收入如何影响基本心理需求和福祉、基本收入如何影响工作场所环境,以及新自由资本主义价值观是否是讨论基本收入的有用框架。从这个角度看,基本收入对个人和社会的益处是有希望的。价值观从超理性的竞争意识形态转向更人性化的框架,如自我决定理论,这不仅有利于基本收入和管理研究,也有利于公共政策的评估。
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引用次数: 0
Competence Drives Interest or Vice Versa? Untangling the Bidirectional Relationships between Creative Self-Efficacy and Intrinsic Motivation for Creativity in Shaping Employee Creativity 能力驱动兴趣还是相反?解读创造性自我效能感与内在创造动机在塑造员工创造力方面的双向关系
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13072
Tingting Chen, Tae-Yeol Kim, Yaping Gong, Yongyi Liang
Research has examined creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation for creativity as important antecedents to employee creativity, but little is known about how the two antecedents influence each other to foster employee creativity. This study proposes two theoretical possibilities. First, by enhancing resilience, creative self-efficacy can promote intrinsic motivation for creativity, which in turn boosts employee creativity. Task difficulty further strengthens creative self-efficacy's effect on intrinsic motivation for creativity and employee creativity (via resilience). Second, by fostering creative process engagement, intrinsic motivation for creativity can promote creative self-efficacy, which in turn boosts employee creativity. Task variability further amplifies the effect of intrinsic motivation for creativity on creative self-efficacy and employee creativity (via creative process engagement). Results from two experiments and two field studies largely supported the hypothesized relationships. We extend the creativity literature by untangling the interrelationships between creative self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation for creativity in shaping employee creativity.
已有研究将创造性自我效能感和创造性内在动机视为员工创造力的重要前因,但对这两个前因如何相互影响以促进员工创造力的研究却知之甚少。本研究提出了两种理论可能性。首先,创造性自我效能感可以通过增强应变能力来促进创造性内在动机,进而提高员工的创造力。任务难度进一步加强了创造性自我效能对创造性内在动机和员工创造力的影响(通过恢复力)。其次,通过促进创造过程的参与,创造力内在动机可以促进创造力自我效能感,进而提高员工的创造力。任务的可变性进一步扩大了内在创造力动机对创造力自我效能和员工创造力的影响(通过创造过程参与)。两项实验和两项实地研究的结果在很大程度上支持了假设的关系。我们通过阐明创造性自我效能感和创造性内在动机在塑造员工创造力方面的相互关系,对创造性文献进行了扩展。
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引用次数: 0
‘Vote the Assholes Out’: How Value Congruence Work Aligns Stakeholders for Corporate Activism 淘汰混蛋":价值一致性工作如何让利益相关者参与企业激进主义
IF 10.5 1区 管理学 Q1 BUSINESS Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.1111/joms.13068
Sean Buchanan, Mojtaba Mohammadnejad Shourkaei, Bruno Dyck
Recent research has pointed to value congruence between a firm and its stakeholders as a key driver of corporate socio‐political activism. However, this ‘stakeholder alignment’ model of corporate activism does not adequately explain how firms foster value congruence with their stakeholders. Drawing from an inductive study of Patagonia, Inc., we develop a social‐symbolic work perspective of stakeholder alignment for corporate activism by introducing the concept of ‘value congruence work’. Our findings demonstrate how attractional value congruence work aims to draw in stakeholders with similar values to engage with the firm, and co‐evolutionary value congruence work facilitates different forms of learning to sustain alignment between a firm and its stakeholders. Our findings offer new insights for research on corporate socio‐political activism and values work in organizations.
最近的研究指出,企业与其利益相关者之间的价值一致性是企业社会政治行动主义的主要驱动力。然而,这种企业激进主义的 "利益相关者一致性 "模型并不能充分解释企业如何促进与其利益相关者的价值一致性。通过对巴塔哥尼亚公司的归纳研究,我们提出了 "价值一致性工作 "的概念,从社会符号工作的角度来看待企业行动主义的利益相关者一致性。我们的研究结果表明,吸引性价值一致性工作旨在吸引具有相似价值观的利益相关者参与到企业中来,而共同进化性价值一致性工作则促进不同形式的学习,以维持企业与其利益相关者之间的一致性。我们的研究结果为企业社会政治行动主义和组织中的价值观工作研究提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Management Studies
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