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Are within- and between-session changes in distress associated with treatment outcomes? Findings from two clinical trials of exposure for eating disorders 焦虑在疗程内和疗程间的变化与治疗结果有关吗?暴露治疗进食障碍的两项临床试验结果
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104577
Rachel M. Butler , Caroline Christian , Jeffrey M. Girard , Irina A. Vanzhula , Cheri A. Levinson

Objective

Imaginal exposure is a novel intervention for eating disorders (EDs) that has been investigated as a method for targeting ED symptoms and fears. Research is needed to understand mechanisms of change during imaginal exposure for EDs, including whether within- and between-session distress reduction is related to treatment outcomes.

Method

Study 1 tested four sessions of online imaginal exposure (N = 143). Study 2 examined combined imaginal and in vivo exposure, comprising six imaginal exposure sessions (N = 26). ED symptoms and fears were assessed pre- and posttreatment, and subjective distress and state anxiety were collected during sessions.

Results

Subjective distress tended to increase within-session in both studies, and within-session reduction was not associated with change in ED symptoms or fears. In Study 1, between-session reduction of distress and state anxiety was associated with greater decreases in ED symptoms and fears pre-to posttreatment. In Study 2, between-session distress reduction occurred but was not related to outcomes.

Conclusions

Within-session distress reduction may not promote change during exposure for EDs, whereas between-session distress reduction may be associated with better treatment outcomes. These findings corroborate research on distress reduction during exposure for anxiety disorders. Clinicians might consider approaches to exposure-based treatment that focus on distress tolerance and promote between-session distress reduction.

目的意象暴露是一种治疗进食障碍(ED)的新型干预方法,已被研究为一种针对ED症状和恐惧的方法。需要进行研究以了解意象暴露治疗进食障碍过程中的变化机制,包括疗程内和疗程间痛苦的减轻是否与治疗结果有关。方法研究 1 测试了四个疗程的在线意象暴露(N = 143)。研究 2 测试了综合意象暴露和体内暴露,包括六个意象暴露疗程(N = 26)。对治疗前后的 ED 症状和恐惧进行了评估,并在治疗过程中收集了主观痛苦和状态焦虑。结果在两项研究中,主观痛苦在治疗过程中都有增加的趋势,而治疗过程中的痛苦减轻与 ED 症状或恐惧的变化无关。在研究 1 中,疗程间痛苦和状态焦虑的减轻与治疗前和治疗后 ED 症状和恐惧的减少有很大关系。在研究 2 中,会话间痛苦减轻发生了,但与治疗结果无关。结论会话内痛苦减轻可能不会促进 ED 暴露过程中的改变,而会话间痛苦减轻可能与更好的治疗结果有关。这些发现证实了有关焦虑症暴露过程中减轻痛苦的研究。临床医生可以考虑采用以暴露为基础的治疗方法,这种治疗方法注重对痛苦的耐受性,并促进治疗过程中痛苦的减轻。
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引用次数: 0
Universal online self-help ACT interventions for youth: A systematic review 针对青少年的通用在线自助 ACT 干预:系统回顾
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576
Alex Morey, Victoria Samuel, Marc Williams

Previous reviews of online self-help have not exclusively focussed on universally delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people.

Relevant databases were searched for studies examining ACT interventions that were delivered universally, online and as self-help (guided and unguided) to young people aged 10 to 25-years-old. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. These were assessed for quality and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis.

Outcomes on mental health, well-being and ACT processes were reviewed, and results across studies were mixed. Most studies found significant improvements in mental health and well-being outcomes following the ACT intervention; however less than half found improvements in ACT process measures. Subgroups, such as those with elevated mental health symptoms, had better outcomes. There were no changes in measures of psychological inflexibility. However, methodological issues limited the interpretation of findings.

Heterogeneity between studies and methodological issues made it difficult for this review to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people. Future research with consistent approaches is needed across these types of interventions to improve methodological rigour to determine whether these interventions are effective.

以往的在线自助研究并不完全集中于普遍提供的接纳与承诺疗法(ACT)。本系统性综述旨在评估针对青少年的通用在线自助 ACT 干预措施的有效性。我们在相关数据库中搜索了针对 10-25 岁青少年的通用、在线和自助(有指导和无指导)ACT 干预措施的研究。有 11 项研究符合纳入标准。我们对这些研究的质量进行了评估,并采用叙事综合法对研究结果进行了总结。大多数研究发现,ACT 干预后,心理健康和幸福感方面的结果有了明显改善;但只有不到一半的研究发现,ACT 过程的测量结果有所改善。心理健康症状较重等亚群体的结果较好。心理僵化程度的测量结果没有变化。研究之间的异质性和方法问题使得本综述难以就针对青少年的通用在线自助 ACT 干预措施的有效性得出结论。未来的研究需要对这些类型的干预措施采用一致的方法,以提高方法的严谨性,从而确定这些干预措施是否有效。
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引用次数: 0
Symptoms of a feather flock together? An exploratory secondary dynamic time warp analysis of 11 single case time series of suicidal ideation and related symptoms 同病相怜?对 11 个自杀意念及相关症状单个病例时间序列的探索性二级动态时间扭曲分析
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104572
Derek de Beurs , Erik J. Giltay , Chani Nuij , Rory O’Connor , Remco F.P. de Winter , Ad Kerkhof , Wouter van Ballegooijen , Heleen Riper

Suicidal ideation fluctuates over time, as does its related risk factors. Little is known about the difference or similarities of the temporal patterns. The current exploratory secondary analysis examines which risk symptoms have similar time dynamics using a mathematical algorithm called dynamic time warping (DTW). Ecological momentary assessment data was used of 11 depressed psychiatric outpatients with suicidal ideation who answered three daytime surveys at semi-random sampling points for a period of three to six months. Patients with 45 assessments or more were included. Results revealed significant inter-individual variability in symptom dynamics and clustering, with certain symptoms often clustering due to similar temporal patterns, notably feeling sad, hopelessness, feeling stuck, and worrying.

The directed network analyses shed light on the temporal order, highlighting entrapment and worrying as symptoms strongly related to suicide ideation. Still, all patients also showed unique directed networks. While for some patients changes in entrapment directly preceded change in suicide ideation, the reverse temporal ordering was also found. Relatedly, within some patients, perceived burdensomeness played a pivotal role, whereas in others it was unconnected to other symptoms. The study underscores the individualized nature of symptom dynamics and challenges linear models of progression, advocating for personalized treatment strategies.

自杀意念会随着时间的推移而波动,其相关的风险因素也是如此。人们对这些时间模式的异同知之甚少。目前的探索性二次分析使用一种名为动态时间扭曲(DTW)的数学算法,研究了哪些风险症状具有相似的时间动态。我们使用了 11 名有自杀倾向的抑郁症精神病门诊患者的生态瞬间评估数据,这些患者在三到六个月的时间里,在半随机抽样点回答了三次日间调查。评估次数达到或超过 45 次的患者被纳入其中。结果显示,症状动态和聚类在个体间存在明显差异,某些症状往往因相似的时间模式而聚类,尤其是悲伤、绝望、困顿和担忧。有向网络分析揭示了时间顺序,强调困顿和担忧是与自杀意念密切相关的症状。不过,所有患者也都表现出了独特的有向网络。对于某些患者来说,困顿的变化直接先于自杀意念的变化,但也发现了相反的时间顺序。与此相关的是,在一些患者中,感知到的负担感起着关键作用,而在另一些患者中,负担感则与其他症状无关。这项研究强调了症状动态变化的个体化性质,并对线性发展模式提出了挑战,倡导个性化治疗策略。
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引用次数: 0
Heterogeneity in suicide risk: Evidence from personalized dynamic models 自杀风险的异质性:个性化动态模型提供的证据
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104574
Daniel D.L. Coppersmith , Evan M. Kleiman , Alexander J. Millner , Shirley B. Wang , Cara Arizmendi , Kate H. Bentley , Dylan DeMarco , Rebecca G. Fortgang , Kelly L. Zuromski , Joseph S. Maimone , Adam Haim , Jukka-Pekka Onnela , Suzanne A. Bird , Jordan W. Smoller , Patrick Mair , Matthew K. Nock

Most theories of suicide propose within-person changes in psychological states cause suicidal thoughts/behaviors; however, most studies use between-person analyses. Thus, there are little empirical data exploring current theories in the way they are hypothesized to occur. We used a form of statistical modeling called group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) to explore one theory of suicide: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS). GIMME estimates personalized statistical models for each individual and associations shared across individuals. Data were from a real-time monitoring study of individuals with a history of suicidal thoughts/behavior (adult sample: participants = 111, observations = 25,242; adolescent sample: participants = 145, observations = 26,182). Across both samples, none of theorized IPTS effects (i.e., contemporaneous effect from hopeless to suicidal thinking) were shared at the group level. There was significant heterogeneity in the personalized models, suggesting there are different pathways through which different people come to experience suicidal thoughts/behaviors. These findings highlight the complexity of suicide risk and the need for more personalized approaches to assessment and prediction.

大多数自杀理论认为,人体内心理状态的变化会导致自杀想法/行为;然而,大多数研究采用的是人与人之间的分析。因此,目前很少有实证数据来探讨当前理论假设的发生方式。我们使用了一种名为群体迭代多重模型估计(GIMME)的统计建模形式来探索一种自杀理论:人际自杀理论(IPTS)。GIMME 可估算每个个体的个性化统计模型以及个体间共享的关联。数据来自一项对有自杀想法/行为史的人进行的实时监测研究(成人样本:参与者=111,观察次数=25242;青少年样本:参与者=145,观察次数=26182)。在这两个样本中,理论上的 IPTS 效应(即从无望到自杀想法的同期效应)在群体水平上都不存在。个性化模型中存在明显的异质性,这表明不同的人有不同的途径产生自杀想法/行为。这些发现凸显了自杀风险的复杂性,以及采用更加个性化的方法进行评估和预测的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
Interpersonal dynamics of vocal fundamental frequency in couples: Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress 夫妻声基频的人际动态:抑郁症状、焦虑症状和关系困扰
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104571

Given the bidirectional association between psychopathology and relationship distress, an in-depth understanding of couples' interaction processes that contribute to psychopathology is needed. This study examined the interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal (fundamental frequency, f0) during couple conversations and their associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress. Data from eight samples were pooled (N = 404 couples) to examine (a) overall trajectories of f0 across the interaction and (b) moment-by-moment intraindividual changes in and interpersonal reactivity to partners' f0. Multilevel growth models and repeated-measures actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated that individuals with more severe depression showed more synchronizing reactivity to their partners' f0 on a moment-by-moment basis, and their overall baseline level of f0 was lower. More severe relationship distress was associated with more steeply increasing trajectories of f0 and with greater synchronizing reactivity to partners' f0. Relative differences in depressive symptoms between the two members of a couple were associated with interpersonal dynamics of f0 as well. There were no associations with anxiety symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms were associated with characteristic interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal; yet, most consistent associations emerged for relationship distress, which future studies on individual psychopathology should take into account.

鉴于精神病理学与关系困扰之间的双向关联,我们需要深入了解导致精神病理学的夫妻互动过程。本研究考察了情侣对话中以声音编码的情绪唤醒(基频,f0)的人际动态及其与抑郁症状、焦虑症状和关系困扰的关联。我们汇总了八个样本的数据(N = 404 对情侣),以研究(a)f0 在整个互动过程中的整体轨迹,以及(b)个体内部对伴侣 f0 的逐时变化和人际反应。多层次增长模型和重复测量行为者-伴侣相互依赖模型表明,抑郁程度更严重的个体在每一时刻对伴侣的 f0 表现出更多的同步反应性,而他们的整体 f0 基线水平更低。更严重的人际关系困扰与更陡峭的 f0 上升轨迹以及对伴侣 f0 更强的同步反应性有关。夫妻双方抑郁症状的相对差异也与人际间的 f0 动态相关。而焦虑症状则与之无关。因此,抑郁症状与声音编码的情绪唤醒的人际动态特征相关;然而,最一致的关联出现在关系困扰上,未来关于个人心理病理学的研究应考虑到这一点。
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引用次数: 0
Beyond words: Semantic satiation and the mental accessibility of the concept of suicide 言外之意:语义饱和与自杀概念的心理可及性
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573
Shenghao Chen, Esther C. Park, Lauren M. Harris, Anika N. Sigel, Catherine E. Broshek, Thomas E. Joiner, Jessica D. Ribeiro

Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word “suicide” on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., “accident,” “murder,” or “suicide”) either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word “suicide” slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of “murder” and “accident” delayed participants’ judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.

破坏自杀的心理表征可能是预防自杀策略的一个可行途径。我们的研究旨在通过考察暂时中断自杀概念对自杀认知的影响,从理论上评估这一观点。我们采用受试内设计,测试了针对 "自杀 "一词的语义饱和对 104 名年轻人对自杀相关图片的感知判断的影响。在每次试验中,受试者大声重复三个词(即 "事故"、"谋杀 "或 "自杀")中的一个词三次(启动)或 30 次(饱和),并指出随后的图片是否与该词匹配。结果表明,"自杀 "一词的饱和会减缓对与这三个词相关的图片的准确分类,而 "谋杀 "和 "事故 "的饱和会延迟参与者对自杀相关图片的判断。我们的研究结果表明,语义饱和会使自杀概念暂时不易被接受,从而为自杀预防中的概念干扰策略提供了初步支持。
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引用次数: 0
Specificity and valence of adolescents’ turning point memory narratives: Relationships with depressive symptoms over time 青少年转折点记忆叙述的特异性和情感:与长期抑郁症状的关系
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570
Laurel Keats, Paul E. Jose, Karen Salmon

Although recent research suggests that, for community youth, greater specific (episodic) detail in self-relevant turning point memory narratives predicts depressive symptoms over time, no research has investigated whether the narratives’ specificity similarly predicts depression. Therefore, we investigated whether recalling a specific (unique, 24-hour or less) turning point narrative predicted youth depressive symptoms concurrently and across 6 months (Study 1), and, for a subset of participants, three years (Study 2). We also examined whether the valence of the implication of the experience for self (the resolution) explained additional variance and interacted with memory specificity. For Study 1 (N = 320, M = 16.9 years, 81% female), a specific (rather than a non-specific) turning point predicted greater depressive symptoms concurrently but not longitudinally, whereas a negative resolution predicted both concurrent and longitudinal depressive symptoms. The moderation result showed that a specific turning point predicted escalating depressive symptoms across six months when the resolution was negative. Study 2 (N = 68) additionally showed that a specific turning point predicted increased depressive symptoms three years later. These findings contrast with research suggesting that specific memories are related to better mental health and highlight the complexity of the role of memory in emerging youth depression.

尽管最近的研究表明,对于社区青少年来说,与自我相关的转折点记忆叙事中更具体(情节性)的细节会随着时间的推移预测抑郁症状,但还没有研究调查这些叙事的具体性是否同样会预测抑郁症。因此,我们调查了回忆特定(唯一、24 小时或更少)的转折点叙述是否能预测青少年同时和在 6 个月内的抑郁症状(研究 1),以及一部分参与者在 3 年内的抑郁症状(研究 2)。我们还研究了经历对自我的影响(解决方法)是否能解释额外的差异,以及是否与记忆特异性相互作用。在研究 1(N = 320,M = 16.9 岁,81% 为女性)中,特定的转折点(而非非特定的转折点)可预测更严重的同期抑郁症状,但不能预测纵向抑郁症状,而消极的解决方法可预测同期和纵向抑郁症状。调节结果表明,当转折点为消极时,特定转折点可预测抑郁症状在六个月内不断加重。研究 2(N = 68)还显示,特定转折点可预测三年后抑郁症状的加重。这些研究结果与表明特定记忆与更好的心理健康有关的研究结果形成了鲜明对比,并凸显了记忆在新出现的青少年抑郁症中作用的复杂性。
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引用次数: 0
The role of expectancies and selective interrogation of information in trait anxiety-linked affect when approaching potentially stressful future events 在面对未来潜在压力事件时,预期和对信息的选择性询问在特质焦虑相关情感中的作用
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104568
Amelia Reynolds, Colin MacLeod, Ben Grafton

The present study examined cognitive mechanisms underpinning the increased tendency of individuals with high trait anxiety to experience inflation of negative affect when approaching potential stressors. Specifically, the roles of (1) disproportionately negative relative to positive expectancies (i.e., negative expectancy bias) and (2) disproportionately interrogating negative relative to positive information (i.e., negative interrogation bias), each concerning the potential stressor, were examined. High and low trait anxiety participants (N = 286) completed the experimental session, in which they were informed they may view a potentially stressful film. As participants approached the putative film viewing, participants' negative and positive affect, as well as their negative and positive expectancies were assessed. Additionally, negative interrogation bias was assessed by providing participants the opportunity to selectively interrogate information from a larger pool of negative and positive information concerning the putative film viewing. Our findings provide evidence indirect associations between trait anxiety and inflation of negative affect is serially mediated via negative interrogation bias and, in turn, negative expectancy bias. Findings are discussed with regards to limitations and potential implications for public health campaigns, and cognitive interventions for anxiety, highlighting the utility of further examining negative interrogation bias as an avenue for improving the efficacy of each.

本研究探讨了高特质焦虑者在面对潜在压力时更倾向于膨胀负面情绪的认知机制。具体来说,本研究考察了(1)相对于积极的预期而言,消极的预期不成比例(即消极预期偏差);(2)相对于积极的信息而言,消极的信息不成比例(即消极信息偏差),这两种情况都与潜在的压力源有关。高特质焦虑和低特质焦虑的参与者(人数= 286)完成了实验环节,在该环节中,他们被告知可能会观看一部具有潜在压力的电影。当参与者临近可能观看的影片时,对参与者的消极和积极情绪以及消极和积极预期进行了评估。此外,我们还为参与者提供了一个机会,让他们从更大的有关观影的负面和正面信息库中选择性地询问信息,从而对负面询问偏差进行了评估。我们的研究结果证明,特质焦虑与负面情绪膨胀之间的间接联系是通过负面审问偏差以及负面预期偏差连续中介的。我们还讨论了研究结果的局限性以及对公共卫生运动和焦虑认知干预的潜在影响,强调了进一步研究负面审问偏差作为提高每种干预效果的途径的实用性。
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引用次数: 0
Towards implementation of cognitive bias modification in mental health care: State of the science, best practices, and ways forward 在心理健康护理中实施认知偏差矫正:科学现状、最佳实践和前进方向
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557
Janna N. Vrijsen , Ben Grafton , Ernst H.W. Koster , Jennifer Lau , Charlotte E. Wittekind , Yair Bar-Haim , Eni S. Becker , Melissa A. Brotman , Jutta Joormann , Amit Lazarov , Colin MacLeod , Victoria Manning , Jeremy W. Pettit , Mike Rinck , Elske Salemink , Marcella L. Woud , Lauren S. Hallion , Reinout W. Wiers

Cognitive bias modification (CBM) has evolved from an experimental method testing cognitive mechanisms of psychopathology to a promising tool for accessible digital mental health care. While we are still discovering the conditions under which clinically relevant effects occur, the dire need for accessible, effective, and low-cost mental health tools underscores the need for implementation where such tools are available. Providing our expert opinion as Association for Cognitive Bias Modification members, we first discuss the readiness of different CBM approaches for clinical implementation, then discuss key considerations with regard to implementation. Evidence is robust for approach bias modification as an adjunctive intervention for alcohol use disorders and interpretation bias modification as a stand-alone intervention for anxiety disorders. Theoretical predictions regarding the mechanisms by which bias and symptom change occur await further testing. We propose that CBM interventions with demonstrated efficacy should be provided to the targeted populations. To facilitate this, we set a research agenda based on implementation frameworks, which includes feasibility and acceptability testing, co-creation with end-users, and collaboration with industry partners.

认知偏差修正法(CBM)已经从一种测试心理病理学认知机制的实验方法发展成为一种很有前景的数字心理保健工具。虽然我们仍在探索产生临床相关效果的条件,但对可获取、有效且低成本的心理健康工具的迫切需求强调了在有此类工具的情况下实施的必要性。作为认知偏差修正协会的成员,我们将提供专家意见,首先讨论不同 CBM 方法在临床实施方面的准备情况,然后讨论实施方面的主要注意事项。将方法偏差修正作为酒精使用障碍的辅助干预措施,以及将解释偏差修正作为焦虑症的独立干预措施,都有可靠的证据。关于偏差和症状变化发生机制的理论预测有待进一步检验。我们建议,应向目标人群提供已证明有效的 CBM 干预措施。为此,我们制定了基于实施框架的研究议程,其中包括可行性和可接受性测试、与最终用户的共同创造以及与行业合作伙伴的合作。
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引用次数: 0
Negative attention bias and attentional control as mechanisms in the association between insomnia and depression in young people. 消极注意偏差和注意控制是青少年失眠与抑郁之间联系的机制。
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-05-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104569
Isabel Clegg, Lies Notebaert, Cele Richardson

Evidence supports a causal role of insomnia in the development and maintenance of depression, yet mechanisms underlying this association in young people are not well established. Attention biases have been implicated separately in the sleep and depression fields and represents an important candidate mechanism. Poor sleep may lead to a negative attention bias (characteristic of depression) by impacting attentional control. This study assessed the hypothesis that attentional control and negative attention bias would sequentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in an unselected sample of young people (17-24 years). Concerns have been raised regarding the psychometric properties of tasks used to measure attention bias, and a Dual-Probe Task is emerging as a more reliable measure. Participants (N = 275, Male = 59, Mage = 19.40) completed the Dual-Probe Task, a behavioural measure of attentional control, and self-report measures of insomnia and depression. Participants completed a one-week sleep diary. Results were consistent with negative attention bias, but not attentional control, as a mechanism which partially accounts for the relationship between sleep (i.e., insomnia severity, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency) and depression. This study highlights sleep and negative attention bias as potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce depressive symptoms in young people.

有证据表明,失眠在抑郁症的发展和维持中起着因果作用,但这种关联在年轻人中的内在机制尚未得到很好的证实。注意力偏差已分别与睡眠和抑郁领域有关,并成为一个重要的候选机制。睡眠不足可能会影响注意力的控制,从而导致消极的注意力偏差(抑郁症的特征)。本研究评估了一个假设,即注意力控制和负性注意力偏差将依次调解失眠与抑郁症状之间的关系,研究对象为未经筛选的青少年样本(17-24 岁)。人们对用于测量注意偏差的任务的心理测量特性表示担忧,而双探针任务正在成为一种更可靠的测量方法。参与者(人数 = 275,男性 = 59,年龄 = 19.40)完成了双探针任务、注意力控制行为测量以及失眠和抑郁自我报告测量。参与者还填写了为期一周的睡眠日记。研究结果表明,睡眠(即失眠严重程度、睡眠持续时间、睡眠效率、睡眠潜伏期)与抑郁之间的部分关系机制是负性注意偏差,而非注意控制。这项研究强调,睡眠和负性注意偏差是减少青少年抑郁症状的潜在风险因素。
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引用次数: 0
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