Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献_第5页

Positive emotion up-regulation in the wake of a cognitively demanding task: An event-related potential study 认知要求任务后的积极情绪上调：一项事件相关电位研究。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920

Tara Driskill , Brandon K. Watanabe , Annmarie MacNamara

Although positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal increases electrocortical and subjective response to pictures, little is known about how situational factors may moderate its success. For instance, emotion regulation must at times be performed shortly after a cognitively demanding event. Here, we set out to determine whether positive emotion up-regulation would be compromised if performed after a difficult math task (hard math; n = 39) versus after an easy math task (easy math; n = 39). After randomly assigning participants to groups, we assessed reappraisal's effectiveness using the late positive potential (LPP) as a measure of picture salience and picture ratings. Results showed that positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal was unaffected by math difficulty. Nonetheless, participants who had just completed a hard math task showed smaller LPPs overall, compared to those who had completed the easy math task. In contrast to prior work, across both math groups, reappraisal was only effective for neutral and not positive pictures. Therefore, recent prior cognitive demand does not appear to compromise reappraisal of neutral pictures, yet it remains possible that any recent demanding task (i.e., either high or low load) may compromise up-regulation for stimuli that are closer to ceiling – i.e., positive stimuli. Results are discussed in the context of a situation-specific approach to emotion regulation and the utility of positive emotion up-regulation in everyday life. Findings also suggest possible a mechanism underlying blunted response to stimuli, as has been observed in some forms of internalizing psychopathology.

虽然通过重新评价的积极情绪上调增加了皮层电反应和对图片的主观反应，但关于情境因素如何调节其成功却知之甚少。例如，情绪调节有时必须在认知要求较高的事件发生后不久进行。在这里，我们着手确定在完成困难的数学任务（难数学，n = 39）和简单的数学任务（容易数学，n = 39）后进行的积极情绪上调是否会受到损害。在将参与者随机分配到小组后，我们使用晚期正电位（LPP）作为图像显著性和图像评级的测量来评估重评价的有效性。结果表明，通过重评价的正向情绪上调不受数学难度的影响。尽管如此，与完成简单数学任务的参与者相比，刚刚完成困难数学任务的参与者总体上表现出较小的lpp。与之前的研究相反，在两个数学组中，重新评价只对中性图片有效，对积极图片无效。因此，最近的先验认知需求似乎不会损害对中性图片的重新评估，然而，任何最近的要求任务（即，高负荷或低负荷）都可能损害对接近上限的刺激的上调-即积极刺激。研究结果在情境特定的情绪调节方法和积极情绪上调在日常生活中的效用的背景下进行了讨论。研究结果还表明，对刺激的迟钝反应可能存在一种机制，正如在某些形式的内化精神病理学中所观察到的那样。

{"title":"Positive emotion up-regulation in the wake of a cognitively demanding task: An event-related potential study","authors":"Tara Driskill , Brandon K. Watanabe , Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal increases electrocortical and subjective response to pictures, little is known about how situational factors may moderate its success. For instance, emotion regulation must at times be performed shortly after a cognitively demanding event. Here, we set out to determine whether positive emotion up-regulation would be compromised if performed after a difficult math task (hard math; <em>n</em> = 39) versus after an easy math task (easy math; <em>n</em> = 39). After randomly assigning participants to groups, we assessed reappraisal's effectiveness using the late positive potential (LPP) as a measure of picture salience and picture ratings. Results showed that positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal was unaffected by math difficulty. Nonetheless, participants who had just completed a hard math task showed smaller LPPs overall, compared to those who had completed the easy math task. In contrast to prior work, across both math groups, reappraisal was only effective for neutral and not positive pictures. Therefore, recent prior cognitive demand does not appear to compromise reappraisal of neutral pictures, yet it remains possible that any recent demanding task (i.e., either high or low load) may compromise up-regulation for stimuli that are closer to ceiling – i.e., positive stimuli. Results are discussed in the context of a situation-specific approach to emotion regulation and the utility of positive emotion up-regulation in everyday life. Findings also suggest possible a mechanism underlying blunted response to stimuli, as has been observed in some forms of internalizing psychopathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brief imagery rescripting is equivalent to imaginal exposure in improving response to worry images among high worry individuals 在提高高焦虑个体对焦虑图像的反应方面，简短的图像重写与图像暴露相当

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915

Lauren Stavropoulos , Isaac Sabel , David D.J. Cooper , Jill M. Newby , Jessica G. Grisham

Background

Generalized anxiety disorder is characterised by aversive mental images of feared outcomes. This study investigated whether a single session of imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive images regarding a feared event than imaginal exposure among individuals high in trait worry.

Methods

Undergraduate participants (N = 89) high in trait worry attended a 45-min video-call session with a psychologist in which they identified a worry image, rated their anxiety, worry, threat appraisals, and imagery-related distress, and were randomised to 15-min therapist-guided imagery rescripting or imaginal exposure. Imagery rescripting involved rewriting the worry image to achieve a positive outcome. Participants were asked to listen to a recording of the exercise on three days and provided outcome ratings after 1 week.

Results

Linear mixed effect modelling revealed both conditions produced medium-to-large decreases in worry, anxiety, threat appraisals, and frequency and distress associated with worry images between baseline and 1-week post-intervention (ds = 0.54-0.2.33). Results were comparable between conditions, and the study hypotheses predicting that imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in outcome variables than imaginal exposure were not supported.

Conclusion

A novel, future-oriented imagery rescripting intervention produced comparable effects to imaginal exposure in improving participants’ anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive imagery regarding their worries 1 week later. However, the intervention was not superior to imaginal exposure as predicted. Future studies may further investigate longer term outcomes and mechanisms of change of imagery rescripting for worry, and apply imagery rescripting with clinical samples and comparison to additional comparator conditions.

背景广泛性焦虑障碍的特征是对恐惧结果的厌恶的心理形象。本研究调查了在高焦虑特质的个体中，与想象暴露相比，单次图像重新描述是否能更有效地减少焦虑反应、威胁评估和关于恐惧事件的侵入性图像。方法89名高焦虑特质的大学生与心理学家进行了45分钟的视频通话，在视频通话中，他们识别了一幅焦虑图像，对自己的焦虑、担忧、威胁评估和与图像相关的痛苦进行了评分，并被随机分配到15分钟的治疗师指导下的图像重新描述或图像暴露组。意象重塑包括改写忧虑的形象以达到积极的结果。参与者被要求听三天的练习录音，并在一周后提供结果评级。结果线性混合效应模型显示，在基线和干预后1周，两种情况下的担忧、焦虑、威胁评估以及与担忧图像相关的频率和痛苦都有中等到较大的降低（ds = 0.54-0.2.33）。不同条件下的结果具有可比性，并且预测图像重写会比图像暴露产生更大的结果变量减少的研究假设不被支持。结论一种新颖的、面向未来的图像描述干预在改善参与者焦虑反应、威胁评估和1周后关于他们担忧的侵入性图像方面具有与图像暴露相当的效果。然而，干预并不像预期的那样优于想象暴露。未来的研究可能会进一步研究长期的结果和对焦虑的图像重写的改变机制，并将图像重写与临床样本和其他比较条件进行比较。

{"title":"Brief imagery rescripting is equivalent to imaginal exposure in improving response to worry images among high worry individuals","authors":"Lauren Stavropoulos , Isaac Sabel , David D.J. Cooper , Jill M. Newby , Jessica G. Grisham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Generalized anxiety disorder is characterised by aversive mental images of feared outcomes. This study investigated whether a single session of imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive images regarding a feared event than imaginal exposure among individuals high in trait worry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Undergraduate participants (N = 89) high in trait worry attended a 45-min video-call session with a psychologist in which they identified a worry image, rated their anxiety, worry, threat appraisals, and imagery-related distress, and were randomised to 15-min therapist-guided imagery rescripting or imaginal exposure. Imagery rescripting involved rewriting the worry image to achieve a positive outcome. Participants were asked to listen to a recording of the exercise on three days and provided outcome ratings after 1 week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Linear mixed effect modelling revealed both conditions produced medium-to-large decreases in worry, anxiety, threat appraisals, and frequency and distress associated with worry images between baseline and 1-week post-intervention (<em>d</em>s = 0.54-0.2.33). Results were comparable between conditions, and the study hypotheses predicting that imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in outcome variables than imaginal exposure were not supported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A novel, future-oriented imagery rescripting intervention produced comparable effects to imaginal exposure in improving participants’ anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive imagery regarding their worries 1 week later. However, the intervention was not superior to imaginal exposure as predicted. Future studies may further investigate longer term outcomes and mechanisms of change of imagery rescripting for worry, and apply imagery rescripting with clinical samples and comparison to additional comparator conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Attentional processing of concern-related stimuli in dissociative identity disorder: No evidence for inter-identity differences 解离性同一性障碍中关注相关刺激的注意加工：没有证据表明同一性之间存在差异。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918

Wencke Donath , Ernst H.W. Koster , Rafaële J.C. Huntjens , Matt Field , Peter J. de Jong

Clinically derived theoretical models of dissociative identity disorder (DID) suggest that these individuals experience shifts in cognitive functioning between identity states. While prior research has found no objective inter-identity differences in memory, the present study investigated whether such differences are evident in a related cognitive domain: attentional processing. It was hypothesized that individuals with DID would exhibit differences in their attentional bias (AB) toward concern-related stimuli. They were compared to individuals with PTSD who experienced interpersonal childhood trauma, simulators enacting different identity states, and non-clinical adults. Based on cognitive models in anxiety, individuals with PTSD were expected to show a vigilance-avoidance AB pattern for concern-related stimuli. Non-clinical comparisons were expected to show a weaker AB effect than the clinical groups. Participants (n = 95) completed a visual spatial dot-probe task with both short (200 ms) and long (1250 ms) exposure conditions, displaying angry (i.e., concern-related stimuli) and happy facial expressions (i.e., control stimuli). In addition, participants completed post-task measures of state anxiety and state dissociation. The results did not reveal significant AB differences between identity states in individuals with DID, although differences were observed between identity states in the simulator group. Moreover, no significant AB differences were found between individuals with DID, PTSD, and non-clinical groups. State anxiety and state dissociation scores were not significantly related to AB scores. Findings provided no support for shifts in attentional processing between identity states in DID. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a hypervigilant-avoidant AB pattern for concern-related stimuli in PTSD.

临床衍生的分离性身份障碍（DID）理论模型表明，这些个体在身份状态之间经历认知功能的转变。虽然之前的研究没有发现记忆中客观的同一性差异，但本研究调查了这种差异在相关的认知领域——注意处理中是否明显。假设DID患者对关注相关刺激的注意偏倚（attention bias， AB）存在差异。他们与经历过人际关系创伤的创伤后应激障碍患者、模拟不同身份状态的人以及非临床成年人进行了比较。基于焦虑认知模型，PTSD个体对关注相关刺激表现出警惕-回避AB模式。非临床比较预期显示AB效应弱于临床组。参与者（n = 95）在短（200毫秒）和长（1250毫秒）暴露条件下完成了视觉空间点探测任务，表现出愤怒（即与关注相关的刺激）和快乐的面部表情（即控制刺激）。此外，参与者还完成了任务后状态焦虑和状态分离的测量。结果没有显示did个体身份状态之间的显著AB差异，尽管在模拟器组中观察到身份状态之间的差异。此外，在DID、PTSD和非临床组之间没有发现显著的AB差异。状态焦虑和状态解离得分与AB得分无显著相关。研究结果不支持DID在身份状态之间注意加工的转移。此外，我们没有发现PTSD中关注相关刺激存在过度警惕-回避型AB模式的证据。

{"title":"Attentional processing of concern-related stimuli in dissociative identity disorder: No evidence for inter-identity differences","authors":"Wencke Donath , Ernst H.W. Koster , Rafaële J.C. Huntjens , Matt Field , Peter J. de Jong","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinically derived theoretical models of dissociative identity disorder (DID) suggest that these individuals experience shifts in cognitive functioning between identity states. While prior research has found no objective inter-identity differences in memory, the present study investigated whether such differences are evident in a related cognitive domain: attentional processing. It was hypothesized that individuals with DID would exhibit differences in their attentional bias (AB) toward concern-related stimuli. They were compared to individuals with PTSD who experienced interpersonal childhood trauma, simulators enacting different identity states, and non-clinical adults. Based on cognitive models in anxiety, individuals with PTSD were expected to show a vigilance-avoidance AB pattern for concern-related stimuli. Non-clinical comparisons were expected to show a weaker AB effect than the clinical groups. Participants (<em>n</em> = 95) completed a visual spatial dot-probe task with both short (200 ms) and long (1250 ms) exposure conditions, displaying angry (i.e., concern-related stimuli) and happy facial expressions (i.e., control stimuli). In addition, participants completed post-task measures of state anxiety and state dissociation. The results did not reveal significant AB differences between identity states in individuals with DID, although differences were observed between identity states in the simulator group. Moreover, no significant AB differences were found between individuals with DID, PTSD, and non-clinical groups. State anxiety and state dissociation scores were not significantly related to AB scores. Findings provided no support for shifts in attentional processing between identity states in DID. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a hypervigilant-avoidant AB pattern for concern-related stimuli in PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Digital health interventions for occupational burnout in healthcare professionals: a multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial 医疗保健专业人员职业倦怠的数字健康干预：一项多地点随机非劣效性试验

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919

Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham

Background

Occupational burnout affects between 11 % and 30 % of healthcare professionals and is associated with staff sickness, job turnover, increased costs and poorer quality of care. This study aimed to compare the effects of two theoretically distinctive interventions for burnout in healthcare professionals.

Methods

This multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial recruited 465 healthcare professionals working across 20 National Health Service (NHS) providers in England. Recruitment took place between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to digital health interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; n = 227) or job crafting (JC; n = 238), each of which lasted 6-weeks and involved participation in weekly webinars (1hr) supplemented by online coping skills modules. The primary outcome (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) was measured at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Between-group differences were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline measures, testing a non-inferiority hypothesis.

Results

At 6 weeks, the adjusted mean difference of 0.47 (95 % CI: –0.25 to 1.20; p = .197) in the OLBI favoured CBT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the non-inferiority hypothesis was not supported based on a pre-specified minimum clinically important difference. At 6 months, the adjusted mean difference favoured CBT indicating superiority; 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.05 to 1.54; p = .036).

Conclusions

Brief digital health interventions can help to improve occupational burnout and well-being in healthcare professionals. CBT was more effective than JC.

职业倦怠影响11%至30%的医疗保健专业人员，并与员工生病、工作人员流动、成本增加和护理质量下降有关。本研究旨在比较两种理论上不同的干预措施对医护人员职业倦怠的影响。方法：本多地点随机非劣效性试验招募了465名医疗保健专业人员，他们来自英国20家国民健康服务（NHS）提供商。招聘时间为2020年10月1日至2021年6月30日。参与者被随机分配到基于认知行为疗法（CBT; n = 227）或工作制定（JC; n = 238）的数字健康干预中，每项干预持续6周，包括参加每周一次的网络研讨会（1小时），并辅以在线应对技能模块。在基线、6周后和6个月后测量主要结局（Oldenburg Burnout Inventory）。采用协方差分析比较组间差异，调整基线测量，检验非劣效性假设。结果6周后，OLBI患者的调整后平均差值为0.47 （95% CI: -0.25 ~ 1.20; p = 0.197）。虽然这一差异在统计学上不显著，但非劣效性假设并未基于预先指定的最小临床重要差异得到支持。在6个月时，调整后的平均差异有利于CBT，表明CBT具有优势；0.80 （95% CI: 0.05 ~ 1.54; p = 0.036）。结论简单的数字健康干预有助于改善医护人员的职业倦怠和幸福感。CBT比JC更有效。

{"title":"Digital health interventions for occupational burnout in healthcare professionals: a multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial","authors":"Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Occupational burnout affects between 11 % and 30 % of healthcare professionals and is associated with staff sickness, job turnover, increased costs and poorer quality of care. This study aimed to compare the effects of two theoretically distinctive interventions for burnout in healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial recruited 465 healthcare professionals working across 20 National Health Service (NHS) providers in England. Recruitment took place between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to digital health interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; n = 227) or job crafting (JC; n = 238), each of which lasted 6-weeks and involved participation in weekly webinars (1hr) supplemented by online coping skills modules. The primary outcome (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) was measured at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Between-group differences were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline measures, testing a non-inferiority hypothesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 6 weeks, the adjusted mean difference of 0.47 (95 % CI: –0.25 to 1.20; <em>p</em> = .197) in the OLBI favoured CBT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the non-inferiority hypothesis was not supported based on a pre-specified minimum clinically important difference. At 6 months, the adjusted mean difference favoured CBT indicating superiority; 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.05 to 1.54; <em>p</em> = .036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Brief digital health interventions can help to improve occupational burnout and well-being in healthcare professionals. CBT was more effective than JC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Imagery Rescripting: an update of the treatment protocol 图像改写：治疗方案的更新。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104913

Arnoud Arntz

Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a transdiagnostic technique to treat aversive memories of real (traumatic) experiences, or of aversive fantasies, such as nightmares and future projections. ImRs is getting increasingly popular, and can be used either as a standalone treatment or as part of treatment packages consisting of different techniques. It has been more than 25 years ago that a detailed treatment protocol of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) was published (Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories; theory and practice. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(8), 715–740). New clinical and research insights have led to changes in the protocol, and large scale studies are based on this updated protocol. The most important changes include that it is now strongly recommended that the therapist does the rescripting in the first sessions, while the patient does the rescripting during the later sessions; and that the rescripting should start at the most difficult moment of the memory (the “hotspot”). Moreover, a standard series of questions helps to deepen the emotional processing, while specific ingredients of the rescripting help to increase the impact of the corrective experience offered by the technique. This paper presents and discusses the updated protocol as it has been developed and tested in the treatment of childhood trauma. It also offers solutions for possible problems that can be encountered in clinical practice, and discusses variations of the technique, including how to apply it to adulthood trauma's, to nightmares, and to a range of disorders and clinical problems, including pathological grief, and feared future catastrophes. It is explained that the working mechanism does not rely on installing false memories, and how therapists can prevent that false memories are installed. Finally, the paper provides a set of practical appendices including a treatment rationale and a handout that can be given to patients.

意象重塑（ImRs）是一种跨诊断技术，用于治疗真实（创伤）经历或厌恶幻想（如噩梦和未来预测）的厌恶记忆。磁共振成像越来越受欢迎，既可以作为单独的治疗方法，也可以作为由不同技术组成的治疗方案的一部分。早在25年前，一份详细的图像改写（ImRs）治疗方案就已出版（Arntz, a ., & Weertman, a .(1999)）。童年记忆的治疗；理论与实践。行为研究与治疗，37(8),715-740)。新的临床和研究见解导致了方案的变化，大规模的研究是基于这一更新的方案。最重要的变化包括，现在强烈建议治疗师在第一次治疗中进行重新处方，而患者在随后的治疗中进行重新处方；重写应该从记忆中最困难的时刻（“热点”）开始。此外，一系列标准的问题有助于加深情绪处理，而重写的具体成分有助于增加技术提供的纠正体验的影响。本文提出并讨论了更新的协议，因为它已经开发和测试在治疗儿童创伤。它还为临床实践中可能遇到的问题提供了解决方案，并讨论了该技术的各种变体，包括如何将其应用于成人创伤，噩梦以及一系列疾病和临床问题，包括病理性悲伤和对未来灾难的恐惧。它解释了工作机制不依赖于安装错误记忆，以及治疗师如何防止错误记忆的安装。最后，本文提供了一套实用的附录，包括治疗原理和讲义，可以给病人。

{"title":"Imagery Rescripting: an update of the treatment protocol","authors":"Arnoud Arntz","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a transdiagnostic technique to treat aversive memories of real (traumatic) experiences, or of aversive fantasies, such as nightmares and future projections. ImRs is getting increasingly popular, and can be used either as a standalone treatment or as part of treatment packages consisting of different techniques. It has been more than 25 years ago that a detailed treatment protocol of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) was published (Arntz, A., & Weertman, A. (1999). Treatment of childhood memories; theory and practice. <em>Behaviour Research and Therapy, 37(8),</em> 715–740). New clinical and research insights have led to changes in the protocol, and large scale studies are based on this updated protocol. The most important changes include that it is now strongly recommended that the therapist does the rescripting in the first sessions, while the patient does the rescripting during the later sessions; and that the rescripting should start at the most difficult moment of the memory (the “hotspot”). Moreover, a standard series of questions helps to deepen the emotional processing, while specific ingredients of the rescripting help to increase the impact of the corrective experience offered by the technique. This paper presents and discusses the updated protocol as it has been developed and tested in the treatment of childhood trauma. It also offers solutions for possible problems that can be encountered in clinical practice, and discusses variations of the technique, including how to apply it to adulthood trauma's, to nightmares, and to a range of disorders and clinical problems, including pathological grief, and feared future catastrophes. It is explained that the working mechanism does not rely on installing false memories, and how therapists can prevent that false memories are installed. Finally, the paper provides a set of practical appendices including a treatment rationale and a handout that can be given to patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104913"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Implementing Adjunct Trauma-Focused Imagery Rescripting in Inpatient Treatment for patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders and PTSD: Therapist Challenges and the Supporting Role of Peer Group Supervision 在体重过轻合并进食障碍和创伤后应激障碍的住院治疗中实施创伤聚焦图像辅助处方：治疗师的挑战和同伴团体监督的支持作用。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104912

Marieke C. ten Napel-Schutz , Simona Karbouniaris , Suzanne H.W. Mares , Tineke A. Abma , Arnoud Arntz

Background

Trauma-focused therapies like Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) are seldom offered to patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders (uED) and PTSD, due to doubts about their emotional and cognitive capacities. However, high rates of PTSD comorbidity in this group highlight the need for tailored trauma interventions. This study examines therapists’ experiences applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and how Peer Group Supervision sessions (PGSs) supported treatment delivery.

Method

A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using 11 semi-structured therapist interviews and 32 PGS recordings. Data were analyzed, summarized and classified within a thematic framework.

Results

Therapists initially used PGSs to validate their application of ImRs. Over time, PGSs facilitated skills development through role-play, peer exchange, and reflective dialogue. Four main themes emerged: 1) determining the right moment to start rescripting; 2) challenges specific to uED; 3) topics related to ImRs sessions in which patients had to rescript; 4) the therapists' progress.

Conclusion

With appropriate protocol modifications and PGSs, ImRs appears both feasible and valuable for uED patients with PTSD. This study aims to inform the feasibility of applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and practical suggestions that supported treatment delivery.

Trial registration

International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (NTR6094), registered 09/23/2016.

背景：由于对体重过轻并伴有共病性饮食失调（uED）和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）的患者的情绪和认知能力存在怀疑，像意象处方（ImRs）这样以创伤为重点的治疗很少被提供给他们。然而，在这一群体中，高比率的创伤后应激障碍合并症突出了量身定制的创伤干预的必要性。本研究考察了治疗师在这一人群中应用ImRs的经验，重点关注具体挑战以及同伴小组监督会议（pgs）如何支持治疗交付。方法：采用11次半结构化治疗师访谈和32次PGS录音进行定性专题分析。在专题框架内对数据进行了分析、总结和分类。结果：治疗师最初使用pgs来验证其ImRs的应用。随着时间的推移，PGSs通过角色扮演、同伴交流和反思对话促进了技能的发展。出现了四个主要主题：1)确定开始改写的合适时机；2) uED特有的挑战；3)与患者必须开处方的ImRs会议相关的主题；4)治疗师的进展。结论：通过适当的方案修改和pgs， ImRs对uED合并PTSD患者是可行和有价值的。本研究旨在告知在这一人群中应用ImRs的可行性，重点关注支持治疗交付的具体挑战和实际建议。试验注册：国际临床试验注册平台（ICTRP）（NTR6094），注册于2016年9月23日。

{"title":"Implementing Adjunct Trauma-Focused Imagery Rescripting in Inpatient Treatment for patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders and PTSD: Therapist Challenges and the Supporting Role of Peer Group Supervision","authors":"Marieke C. ten Napel-Schutz , Simona Karbouniaris , Suzanne H.W. Mares , Tineke A. Abma , Arnoud Arntz","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Trauma-focused therapies like Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) are seldom offered to patients who are underweight with comorbid eating disorders (uED) and PTSD, due to doubts about their emotional and cognitive capacities. However, high rates of PTSD comorbidity in this group highlight the need for tailored trauma interventions. This study examines therapists’ experiences applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and how Peer Group Supervision sessions (PGSs) supported treatment delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using 11 semi-structured therapist interviews and 32 PGS recordings. Data were analyzed, summarized and classified within a thematic framework.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Therapists initially used PGSs to validate their application of ImRs. Over time, PGSs facilitated skills development through role-play, peer exchange, and reflective dialogue. Four main themes emerged: 1) determining the right moment to start rescripting; 2) challenges specific to uED; 3) topics related to ImRs sessions in which patients had to rescript; 4) the therapists' progress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With appropriate protocol modifications and PGSs, ImRs appears both feasible and valuable for uED patients with PTSD. This study aims to inform the feasibility of applying ImRs in this population, with a focus on specific challenges and practical suggestions that supported treatment delivery.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (NTR6094), registered 09/23/2016.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145507667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changing maladaptive trauma-related cognitions and emotional activation during trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy: Thematic content and relationships with posttraumatic stress symptoms 在以创伤为中心的认知行为治疗中改变适应不良的创伤相关认知和情绪激活：主题内容及其与创伤后应激症状的关系

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104910

Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland , Silje Mørup Ormhaug , Adele M. Hayes , Tine K. Jensen

Background

Changing maladaptive trauma-related cognitions may be crucial in trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT). We identified common maladaptive cognitions during TF-CBT's trauma narration and processing phase and examined their relationship with trauma type and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We also assessed whether maladaptive trauma-related cognitions (overgeneralization, assimilation), more balanced and functional cognitions (accommodation), and negative emotions during this phase of TF-CBT were associated with PTSS.

Methods

Adolescents exposed to multiple types of traumas (N = 87, mean age = 15.8 years, 78.3 % girls) received TF-CBT. The Change and Growth Experiences (CHANGE) coding system measured maladaptive trauma-related cognitions, accommodated beliefs, and negative emotions during the trauma narration and processing phase. We then categorized the maladaptive cognitions from the CHANGE coding according to predefined topics. Mixed-effects analyses were used to assess relationships between maladaptive cognitions, accommodation, in-session negative emotion, and PTSS.

Results

Maladaptive trauma-related cognitions primarily concerned trust, esteem, and guilt. Sexual violence was associated with trust, esteem, intimacy, and guilt cognitions. Trust and esteem-related cognitions significantly predicted higher levels of PTSS at posttreatment. Higher levels of maladaptive cognitions and negative in-session emotion also predicted higher posttreatment PTSS. Low in-session negative emotion appeared to amplify the negative impact of maladaptive cognitions on PTSS at posttreatment. Accommodation showed no association with PTSS.

Conclusions

Maladaptive trauma-related cognitions, particularly related to trust and esteem, were common and associated with higher levels of PTSS at posttreatment. Low emotional engagement during trauma processing may potentiate the negative effects of maladaptive cognitions on PTSS. Results suggest both emotional processing and cognitive change are important treatment pathways for youth with PTSS.

背景：改变不适应的创伤相关认知可能是创伤聚焦认知行为治疗（TF-CBT）的关键。我们确定了TF-CBT创伤叙述和处理阶段常见的适应不良认知，并研究了它们与创伤类型和创伤后应激症状（PTSS）的关系。我们还评估了在TF-CBT的这一阶段，与创伤相关的不适应认知（过度概括、同化）、更平衡和功能性的认知（适应）以及负面情绪是否与创伤后应激障碍有关。方法：多类型创伤暴露青少年（87例，平均年龄15.8岁，78.3%为女孩）接受TF-CBT治疗。变化与成长体验（Change）编码系统测量创伤叙事和加工阶段的创伤相关认知、适应信念和负面情绪。然后，我们根据预定义的主题对CHANGE编码中的不良认知进行分类。混合效应分析用于评估不适应认知、适应、会话中的负面情绪和创伤后应激障碍之间的关系。结果：创伤相关认知适应不良主要涉及信任、尊重和内疚。性暴力与信任、尊重、亲密和内疚认知有关。信任和自尊相关认知显著预测治疗后ptsd水平升高。更高水平的适应不良认知和负面情绪也预示着更高的治疗后创伤后应激障碍。治疗过程中的低负性情绪似乎放大了治疗后ptsd患者适应不良认知的负性影响。住宿与ptsd无关联。结论：与创伤相关的认知适应不良，特别是与信任和尊重相关的认知，是常见的，并且与治疗后较高水平的创伤后应激障碍有关。创伤处理过程中的低情绪投入可能会增强创伤后应激障碍患者适应不良认知的负面影响。结果表明情绪加工和认知改变是青少年创伤后应激障碍的重要治疗途径。

{"title":"Changing maladaptive trauma-related cognitions and emotional activation during trauma-focused cognitive behavior therapy: Thematic content and relationships with posttraumatic stress symptoms","authors":"Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland , Silje Mørup Ormhaug , Adele M. Hayes , Tine K. Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104910","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Changing maladaptive trauma-related cognitions may be crucial in trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT). We identified common maladaptive cognitions during TF-CBT's trauma narration and processing phase and examined their relationship with trauma type and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). We also assessed whether maladaptive trauma-related cognitions (overgeneralization, assimilation), more balanced and functional cognitions (accommodation), and negative emotions during this phase of TF-CBT were associated with PTSS.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adolescents exposed to multiple types of traumas (N = 87, mean age = 15.8 years, 78.3 % girls) received TF-CBT. The Change and Growth Experiences (CHANGE) coding system measured maladaptive trauma-related cognitions, accommodated beliefs, and negative emotions during the trauma narration and processing phase. We then categorized the maladaptive cognitions from the CHANGE coding according to predefined topics. Mixed-effects analyses were used to assess relationships between maladaptive cognitions, accommodation, in-session negative emotion, and PTSS.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Maladaptive trauma-related cognitions primarily concerned trust, esteem, and guilt. Sexual violence was associated with trust, esteem, intimacy, and guilt cognitions. Trust and esteem-related cognitions significantly predicted higher levels of PTSS at posttreatment. Higher levels of maladaptive cognitions and negative in-session emotion also predicted higher posttreatment PTSS. Low in-session negative emotion appeared to amplify the negative impact of maladaptive cognitions on PTSS at posttreatment. Accommodation showed no association with PTSS.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Maladaptive trauma-related cognitions, particularly related to trust and esteem, were common and associated with higher levels of PTSS at posttreatment. Low emotional engagement during trauma processing may potentiate the negative effects of maladaptive cognitions on PTSS. Results suggest both emotional processing and cognitive change are important treatment pathways for youth with PTSS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104910"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145574837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exposure to images of post-bushfire disaster impacts fear learning and extinction 接触森林大火后的图像会影响恐惧学习和灭绝

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104911

Lindsey J. Franklin-Browne , Kathryn L. Modecki , Allison M. Waters

Exposure to natural disasters, such as bushfires, increases vulnerability for poor psychological outcomes. Large scale reviews have increased our understanding of risk factors associated with disaster related maladjustment, however this relationship remains unclear. This study examined the effect of exposure to resource loss in the post-bushfire disaster environment on fear learning and extinction pathways. Participants (70 adults; 73 % female, 17–58 years of age, M = 23.77, SD = 8.16) were randomly allocated to view scenes depicting post-bushfire resource loss (post-bushfire disaster group) or no disaster (community group) followed by all participants completing a discriminative Pavlovian conditioning task including habituation, conditioning, extinction, and retest phases. During acquisition, one shape (CS+) was paired with an aversive tone as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and another shape (CS-) was presented alone, while both CSs were presented alone during extinction and retest phases. Subjective ratings of fear, worry and sadness, were obtained before and after picture viewing and between learning task phases whilst ratings of CS pleasantness and arousal were obtained before and after learning task phases. Skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded to the CSs during all phases. The post-bushfire disaster group reported more subjective fear, worry and sadness after viewing images relative to the community group. The post-bushfire disaster group also showed significantly larger orienting SCRs to both CSs during acquisition relative to the community group and significantly smaller orienting SCRs to both CSs and undifferentiated anticipatory SCRs during extinction relative to the community group. During retest, the post-bushfire disaster group exhibited significantly larger anticipatory SCRs to both CSs compared to the community group. There were no group differences in between phase ratings of CS+ and CS- unpleasantness and arousal and no group differences in subjective anxiety ratings between learning task phases. Exposure to post-bushfire resource loss may increase fear conditioning and generalisation to safe stimuli, impair safety learning, and increase reactivity when re-exposed to fear stimuli.

暴露于自然灾害，如森林大火，增加了心理结果不佳的脆弱性。大规模的回顾增加了我们对与灾害相关的适应不良相关的风险因素的理解，然而这种关系仍然不清楚。本研究考察了森林大火后环境中资源损失暴露对恐惧学习和灭绝途径的影响。参与者（70名成年人，其中73%为女性，17-58岁，M = 23.77, SD = 8.16）被随机分配到描述森林大火后资源损失的场景（森林大火后灾难组）或没有灾难的场景（社区组），然后所有参与者完成一个歧视的巴甫洛夫条件反射任务，包括习惯化、条件反射、消失和重新测试阶段。在获取过程中，一种形状（CS+）与反感音调配对作为非条件刺激（UCS），另一种形状（CS-）单独呈现，而在消光和重测阶段，两种形状均单独呈现。在观看图片前后和学习任务阶段之间分别获得了恐惧、担忧和悲伤的主观评分，而在学习任务阶段前后分别获得了CS愉悦和唤醒的评分。在所有阶段记录皮肤电导反应（SCR）。与社区小组相比，森林大火后的小组在观看图像后报告了更多的主观恐惧、担忧和悲伤。与群落相比，林火灾害后群体在获取过程中对两种类型的scr取向均显著增大，在灭绝过程中对两种类型和未分化预期scr取向均显著减小。在复测过程中，山火灾害后组对两种CSs的预期scr均显著高于社区组。CS+和CS-不愉快和觉醒的阶段评分之间没有组间差异，学习任务阶段之间的主观焦虑评分没有组间差异。暴露于森林大火后的资源损失可能会增加对安全刺激的恐惧条件反射和泛化，损害安全学习，并增加再次暴露于恐惧刺激时的反应性。

{"title":"Exposure to images of post-bushfire disaster impacts fear learning and extinction","authors":"Lindsey J. Franklin-Browne , Kathryn L. Modecki , Allison M. Waters","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to natural disasters, such as bushfires, increases vulnerability for poor psychological outcomes. Large scale reviews have increased our understanding of risk factors associated with disaster related maladjustment, however this relationship remains unclear. This study examined the effect of exposure to resource loss in the post-bushfire disaster environment on fear learning and extinction pathways. Participants (70 adults; 73 % female, 17–58 years of age, <em>M</em> = 23.77, <em>SD</em> = 8.16) were randomly allocated to view scenes depicting post-bushfire resource loss (post-bushfire disaster group) or no disaster (community group) followed by all participants completing a discriminative Pavlovian conditioning task including habituation, conditioning, extinction, and retest phases. During acquisition, one shape (CS+) was paired with an aversive tone as the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) and another shape (CS-) was presented alone, while both CSs were presented alone during extinction and retest phases. Subjective ratings of fear, worry and sadness, were obtained before and after picture viewing and between learning task phases whilst ratings of CS pleasantness and arousal were obtained before and after learning task phases. Skin conductance responses (SCR) were recorded to the CSs during all phases. The post-bushfire disaster group reported more subjective fear, worry and sadness after viewing images relative to the community group. The post-bushfire disaster group also showed significantly larger orienting SCRs to both CSs during acquisition relative to the community group and significantly smaller orienting SCRs to both CSs and undifferentiated anticipatory SCRs during extinction relative to the community group. During retest, the post-bushfire disaster group exhibited significantly larger anticipatory SCRs to both CSs compared to the community group. There were no group differences in between phase ratings of CS+ and CS- unpleasantness and arousal and no group differences in subjective anxiety ratings between learning task phases. Exposure to post-bushfire resource loss may increase fear conditioning and generalisation to safe stimuli, impair safety learning, and increase reactivity when re-exposed to fear stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Trait anxiety-linked bias in expectancy updating: Examining the contributions of negative interrogation bias and negatively biased expectancy updating to elevated negative state affect when approaching potential stressors 特质焦虑相关偏见在期望更新中的作用：研究负面询问偏见和负面偏见期望更新对接近潜在压力源时负面状态影响的贡献

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104909

Amelia Reynolds, Colin MacLeod, Ben Grafton

The present study examined whether people with high trait anxiety volitionally access proportionately more negative (than positive) information when interrogating available information concerning an approaching potential stressor during a period of expectancy updating. The present study also examined the role this negative interrogation bias plays in shaping trait anxiety-linked negative expectancy bias and elevated negative state affect. Participants low and high in trait anxiety (N = 311) were informed at the outset of the testing session that they may later view a potentially stressful film. Participants then completed a procedure designed to induce initial expectancies concerning the film viewing stressor. Subsequently, participants were provided the opportunity to update their initial expectancies by interrogating negative and positive information concerning the film viewing stressor. The proportion of negative information selected by each participant was taken as a measure of their negative interrogation bias. Measures of expectancies and state affect were taken before and after the induction of initial expectancies, and before and after the subsequent expectancy updating period. The results indicated that, during the expectancy updating period, participants high in trait anxiety displayed greater negative interrogation bias than participants low in trait anxiety. The results also revealed an indirect association between trait anxiety and elevation of negative state affect concurrent to expectancy updating period, which was serially mediated by negative interrogation bias during this period, and by concurrent elevation of negative expectancy bias. Findings are discussed with regards to potential implications for cognitive behavioural interventions for anxiety which seek to drive therapeutic change through the modification of expectancies.

本研究考察了在期望更新期间，高特质焦虑者在询问有关即将到来的潜在压力源的可用信息时，是否会按比例有意识地获得更多的消极信息（而不是积极信息）。本研究还考察了这种负面询问偏见在特质焦虑相关的负面期望偏见和负面状态影响的形成中的作用。在测试开始时，低焦虑和高焦虑的参与者（N = 311）被告知，他们稍后可能会观看一部有潜在压力的电影。然后，参与者完成了一个程序，旨在诱导对电影观看压力源的初始期望。随后，通过询问有关观影压力源的消极和积极信息，参与者有机会更新他们最初的期望。每个参与者选择的负面信息的比例被用来衡量他们的负面询问偏见。在初始期望诱导前后以及随后的期望更新期前后分别测量期望和状态影响。结果表明，在期望更新期，特质焦虑高的被试比特质焦虑低的被试表现出更大的负性询问偏倚。结果还表明，特质焦虑与期望更新期负性状态影响的提升存在间接关联，并通过期望更新期负性询问偏差和期望更新期负性期望偏差的提升依次介导。研究结果讨论了对焦虑的认知行为干预的潜在影响，这些干预试图通过改变预期来推动治疗变化。

{"title":"Trait anxiety-linked bias in expectancy updating: Examining the contributions of negative interrogation bias and negatively biased expectancy updating to elevated negative state affect when approaching potential stressors","authors":"Amelia Reynolds, Colin MacLeod, Ben Grafton","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examined whether people with high trait anxiety volitionally access proportionately more negative (than positive) information when interrogating available information concerning an approaching potential stressor during a period of expectancy updating. The present study also examined the role this <em>negative interrogation bias</em> plays in shaping trait anxiety-linked negative expectancy bias and elevated negative state affect. Participants low and high in trait anxiety (<em>N</em> = 311) were informed at the outset of the testing session that they may later view a potentially stressful film. Participants then completed a procedure designed to induce initial expectancies concerning the film viewing stressor. Subsequently, participants were provided the opportunity to update their initial expectancies by interrogating negative and positive information concerning the film viewing stressor. The proportion of negative information selected by each participant was taken as a measure of their negative interrogation bias. Measures of expectancies and state affect were taken before and after the induction of initial expectancies, and before and after the subsequent expectancy updating period. The results indicated that, during the expectancy updating period, participants high in trait anxiety displayed greater negative interrogation bias than participants low in trait anxiety. The results also revealed an indirect association between trait anxiety and elevation of negative state affect concurrent to expectancy updating period, which was serially mediated by negative interrogation bias during this period, and by concurrent elevation of negative expectancy bias. Findings are discussed with regards to potential implications for cognitive behavioural interventions for anxiety which seek to drive therapeutic change through the modification of expectancies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145467151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The unique impacts of attentional control and experiential avoidance on PTSD symptomatology: Moderation of nonlinear effects 注意控制和经验回避对PTSD症状的独特影响：非线性效应的调节。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104908

Lucas Marinack, Alexandria F. Sowers, Robert A. Kaya, Alicia R. Bachtel, Jenna L. Mohr, Joshua D. Clapp

Whereas attentional control has been proposed as a broad-based protective factor for PTSD, data suggest that elevated control may be paradoxically associated with increased symptoms, particularly in the presence of other risk factors. The current study examined the unique and interactive effects of attentional shifting (i.e., the transfer of attention across stimuli) and attentional focusing (i.e., the maintenance of attention on relevant targets) with experiential avoidance on posttrauma symptom clusters, accounting for potential nonlinearities in the influence of shifting and focusing dimensions. Shifting models in survivors of heterogeneous trauma (N = 252; 75 % female; 85.7 % White/Non-Hispanic) identified shifting as a moderator of the linear effect of experiential avoidance on CAPS-5 arousal-reactivity (β = −.16, p = .008), with experiential avoidance holding positive associations with arousal-reactivity through shifting scores reaching 2/3SD above the mean. Focusing models, by contrast, identified experiential avoidance as a moderator of the quadratic effect (x²) of focusing on CAPS-5 intrusions (β = .13, p = .010). Data failed to support effects of focusing at low levels of experiential avoidance (-1SD). A curvilinear effect of focusing emerged at average experiential avoidance, however, suggesting reductions in traumatic intrusions with increased focusing to mean values in the sample. At high experiential avoidance (+1SD), intrusions decreased with increases in focusing through average levels, but rebounded in response to focusing capabilities extending beyond the sample mean. Results are consistent with previous research suggesting nonlinearities in the effects of attentional control on posttrauma functioning and point to the importance of specific attentional processes in understanding avenues of risk and resilience.

虽然注意力控制被认为是创伤后应激障碍的一个广泛的保护因素，但数据表明，控制水平的提高可能与症状的增加相矛盾，特别是在存在其他风险因素的情况下。目前的研究考察了注意转移（即跨刺激的注意转移）和注意聚焦（即对相关目标的注意维持）与经验回避对创伤后症状集群的独特和相互作用，说明了转移和聚焦维度影响的潜在非线性。异质性创伤幸存者的移位模型（N = 252； 75%为女性；85.7%为白人/非西班牙裔）发现移位是经验回避对cap -5唤醒反应性线性效应的调节因子（β = - 0.16, p = 0.008），通过移位得分高于平均值2/3SD，经验回避与唤醒反应性保持正相关。相比之下，聚焦模型发现，经验回避是聚焦于cap -5入侵的二次效应（x2）的调节因子（β = 0.13, p = 0.010）。数据无法支持低水平的经验回避（-1SD）下的聚焦效应。然而，在平均经验回避中出现了聚焦的曲线效应，这表明随着样本中聚焦的增加，创伤性侵入的减少达到了平均值。在高经验回避（+1SD）水平下，干扰随着聚焦能力的增加而减少，但当聚焦能力超出样本平均值时，干扰会反弹。结果与先前的研究一致，表明注意控制对创伤后功能的影响呈非线性，并指出了特定注意过程在理解风险和恢复途径中的重要性。

{"title":"The unique impacts of attentional control and experiential avoidance on PTSD symptomatology: Moderation of nonlinear effects","authors":"Lucas Marinack, Alexandria F. Sowers, Robert A. Kaya, Alicia R. Bachtel, Jenna L. Mohr, Joshua D. Clapp","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Whereas attentional control has been proposed as a broad-based protective factor for PTSD, data suggest that elevated control may be paradoxically associated with increased symptoms, particularly in the presence of other risk factors. The current study examined the unique and interactive effects of attentional shifting (i.e., the transfer of attention across stimuli) and attentional focusing (i.e., the maintenance of attention on relevant targets) with experiential avoidance on posttrauma symptom clusters, accounting for potential nonlinearities in the influence of shifting and focusing dimensions. Shifting models in survivors of heterogeneous trauma (<em>N</em> = 252; 75 % female; 85.7 % White/Non-Hispanic) identified shifting as a moderator of the linear effect of experiential avoidance on CAPS-5 arousal-reactivity (β = −.16, <em>p</em> = .008), with experiential avoidance holding positive associations with arousal-reactivity through shifting scores reaching 2/3<em>SD</em> above the mean. Focusing models, by contrast, identified experiential avoidance as a moderator of the quadratic effect (x<sup>2</sup>) of focusing on CAPS-5 intrusions (β = .13, <em>p</em> = .010). Data failed to support effects of focusing at low levels of experiential avoidance (-1<em>SD</em>). A curvilinear effect of focusing emerged at average experiential avoidance, however, suggesting reductions in traumatic intrusions with increased focusing to mean values in the sample. At high experiential avoidance (+1<em>SD</em>), intrusions decreased with increases in focusing through average levels, but rebounded in response to focusing capabilities extending beyond the sample mean. Results are consistent with previous research suggesting nonlinearities in the effects of attentional control on posttrauma functioning and point to the importance of specific attentional processes in understanding avenues of risk and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0