Pub Date : 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104577
Rachel M. Butler , Caroline Christian , Jeffrey M. Girard , Irina A. Vanzhula , Cheri A. Levinson
Objective
Imaginal exposure is a novel intervention for eating disorders (EDs) that has been investigated as a method for targeting ED symptoms and fears. Research is needed to understand mechanisms of change during imaginal exposure for EDs, including whether within- and between-session distress reduction is related to treatment outcomes.
Method
Study 1 tested four sessions of online imaginal exposure (N = 143). Study 2 examined combined imaginal and in vivo exposure, comprising six imaginal exposure sessions (N = 26). ED symptoms and fears were assessed pre- and posttreatment, and subjective distress and state anxiety were collected during sessions.
Results
Subjective distress tended to increase within-session in both studies, and within-session reduction was not associated with change in ED symptoms or fears. In Study 1, between-session reduction of distress and state anxiety was associated with greater decreases in ED symptoms and fears pre-to posttreatment. In Study 2, between-session distress reduction occurred but was not related to outcomes.
Conclusions
Within-session distress reduction may not promote change during exposure for EDs, whereas between-session distress reduction may be associated with better treatment outcomes. These findings corroborate research on distress reduction during exposure for anxiety disorders. Clinicians might consider approaches to exposure-based treatment that focus on distress tolerance and promote between-session distress reduction.
目的意象暴露是一种治疗进食障碍(ED)的新型干预方法,已被研究为一种针对ED症状和恐惧的方法。需要进行研究以了解意象暴露治疗进食障碍过程中的变化机制,包括疗程内和疗程间痛苦的减轻是否与治疗结果有关。方法研究 1 测试了四个疗程的在线意象暴露(N = 143)。研究 2 测试了综合意象暴露和体内暴露,包括六个意象暴露疗程(N = 26)。对治疗前后的 ED 症状和恐惧进行了评估,并在治疗过程中收集了主观痛苦和状态焦虑。结果在两项研究中,主观痛苦在治疗过程中都有增加的趋势,而治疗过程中的痛苦减轻与 ED 症状或恐惧的变化无关。在研究 1 中,疗程间痛苦和状态焦虑的减轻与治疗前和治疗后 ED 症状和恐惧的减少有很大关系。在研究 2 中,会话间痛苦减轻发生了,但与治疗结果无关。结论会话内痛苦减轻可能不会促进 ED 暴露过程中的改变,而会话间痛苦减轻可能与更好的治疗结果有关。这些发现证实了有关焦虑症暴露过程中减轻痛苦的研究。临床医生可以考虑采用以暴露为基础的治疗方法,这种治疗方法注重对痛苦的耐受性,并促进治疗过程中痛苦的减轻。
{"title":"Are within- and between-session changes in distress associated with treatment outcomes? Findings from two clinical trials of exposure for eating disorders","authors":"Rachel M. Butler , Caroline Christian , Jeffrey M. Girard , Irina A. Vanzhula , Cheri A. Levinson","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Imaginal exposure is a novel intervention for eating disorders (EDs) that has been investigated as a method for targeting ED symptoms and fears. Research is needed to understand mechanisms of change during imaginal exposure for EDs, including whether within- and between-session distress reduction is related to treatment outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Study 1 tested four sessions of online imaginal exposure (<em>N</em> = 143). Study 2 examined combined imaginal and in vivo exposure, comprising six imaginal exposure sessions (<em>N</em> = 26). ED symptoms and fears were assessed pre- and posttreatment, and subjective distress and state anxiety were collected during sessions.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Subjective distress tended to increase within-session in both studies, and within-session reduction was not associated with change in ED symptoms or fears. In Study 1, between-session reduction of distress and state anxiety was associated with greater decreases in ED symptoms and fears pre-to posttreatment. In Study 2, between-session distress reduction occurred but was not related to outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Within-session distress reduction may not promote change during exposure for EDs, whereas between-session distress reduction may be associated with better treatment outcomes. These findings corroborate research on distress reduction during exposure for anxiety disorders. Clinicians might consider approaches to exposure-based treatment that focus on distress tolerance and promote between-session distress reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104577"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141282024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576
Alex Morey, Victoria Samuel, Marc Williams
Previous reviews of online self-help have not exclusively focussed on universally delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people.
Relevant databases were searched for studies examining ACT interventions that were delivered universally, online and as self-help (guided and unguided) to young people aged 10 to 25-years-old. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. These were assessed for quality and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis.
Outcomes on mental health, well-being and ACT processes were reviewed, and results across studies were mixed. Most studies found significant improvements in mental health and well-being outcomes following the ACT intervention; however less than half found improvements in ACT process measures. Subgroups, such as those with elevated mental health symptoms, had better outcomes. There were no changes in measures of psychological inflexibility. However, methodological issues limited the interpretation of findings.
Heterogeneity between studies and methodological issues made it difficult for this review to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people. Future research with consistent approaches is needed across these types of interventions to improve methodological rigour to determine whether these interventions are effective.
{"title":"Universal online self-help ACT interventions for youth: A systematic review","authors":"Alex Morey, Victoria Samuel, Marc Williams","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous reviews of online self-help have not exclusively focussed on universally delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people.</p><p>Relevant databases were searched for studies examining ACT interventions that were delivered universally, online and as self-help (guided and unguided) to young people aged 10 to 25-years-old. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. These were assessed for quality and findings summarised using a narrative synthesis.</p><p>Outcomes on mental health, well-being and ACT processes were reviewed, and results across studies were mixed. Most studies found significant improvements in mental health and well-being outcomes following the ACT intervention; however less than half found improvements in ACT process measures. Subgroups, such as those with elevated mental health symptoms, had better outcomes. There were no changes in measures of psychological inflexibility. However, methodological issues limited the interpretation of findings.</p><p>Heterogeneity between studies and methodological issues made it difficult for this review to draw conclusions regarding the effectiveness of universal online self-help ACT interventions for young people. Future research with consistent approaches is needed across these types of interventions to improve methodological rigour to determine whether these interventions are effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104576"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724001037/pdfft?md5=a29b8a1347d08e890591ba4144d4925e&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724001037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104572
Derek de Beurs , Erik J. Giltay , Chani Nuij , Rory O’Connor , Remco F.P. de Winter , Ad Kerkhof , Wouter van Ballegooijen , Heleen Riper
Suicidal ideation fluctuates over time, as does its related risk factors. Little is known about the difference or similarities of the temporal patterns. The current exploratory secondary analysis examines which risk symptoms have similar time dynamics using a mathematical algorithm called dynamic time warping (DTW). Ecological momentary assessment data was used of 11 depressed psychiatric outpatients with suicidal ideation who answered three daytime surveys at semi-random sampling points for a period of three to six months. Patients with 45 assessments or more were included. Results revealed significant inter-individual variability in symptom dynamics and clustering, with certain symptoms often clustering due to similar temporal patterns, notably feeling sad, hopelessness, feeling stuck, and worrying.
The directed network analyses shed light on the temporal order, highlighting entrapment and worrying as symptoms strongly related to suicide ideation. Still, all patients also showed unique directed networks. While for some patients changes in entrapment directly preceded change in suicide ideation, the reverse temporal ordering was also found. Relatedly, within some patients, perceived burdensomeness played a pivotal role, whereas in others it was unconnected to other symptoms. The study underscores the individualized nature of symptom dynamics and challenges linear models of progression, advocating for personalized treatment strategies.
{"title":"Symptoms of a feather flock together? An exploratory secondary dynamic time warp analysis of 11 single case time series of suicidal ideation and related symptoms","authors":"Derek de Beurs , Erik J. Giltay , Chani Nuij , Rory O’Connor , Remco F.P. de Winter , Ad Kerkhof , Wouter van Ballegooijen , Heleen Riper","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Suicidal ideation fluctuates over time, as does its related risk factors. Little is known about the difference or similarities of the temporal patterns. The current exploratory secondary analysis examines which risk symptoms have similar time dynamics using a mathematical algorithm called dynamic time warping (DTW). Ecological momentary assessment data was used of 11 depressed psychiatric outpatients with suicidal ideation who answered three daytime surveys at semi-random sampling points for a period of three to six months. Patients with 45 assessments or more were included. Results revealed significant inter-individual variability in symptom dynamics and clustering, with certain symptoms often clustering due to similar temporal patterns, notably feeling sad, hopelessness, feeling stuck, and worrying.</p><p>The directed network analyses shed light on the temporal order, highlighting entrapment and worrying as symptoms strongly related to suicide ideation. Still, all patients also showed unique directed networks. While for some patients changes in entrapment directly preceded change in suicide ideation, the reverse temporal ordering was also found. Relatedly, within some patients, perceived burdensomeness played a pivotal role, whereas in others it was unconnected to other symptoms. The study underscores the individualized nature of symptom dynamics and challenges linear models of progression, advocating for personalized treatment strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 104572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000998/pdfft?md5=6c30628a210adf3465416c7a6c1a4cf6&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141141872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104574
Daniel D.L. Coppersmith , Evan M. Kleiman , Alexander J. Millner , Shirley B. Wang , Cara Arizmendi , Kate H. Bentley , Dylan DeMarco , Rebecca G. Fortgang , Kelly L. Zuromski , Joseph S. Maimone , Adam Haim , Jukka-Pekka Onnela , Suzanne A. Bird , Jordan W. Smoller , Patrick Mair , Matthew K. Nock
Most theories of suicide propose within-person changes in psychological states cause suicidal thoughts/behaviors; however, most studies use between-person analyses. Thus, there are little empirical data exploring current theories in the way they are hypothesized to occur. We used a form of statistical modeling called group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) to explore one theory of suicide: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS). GIMME estimates personalized statistical models for each individual and associations shared across individuals. Data were from a real-time monitoring study of individuals with a history of suicidal thoughts/behavior (adult sample: participants = 111, observations = 25,242; adolescent sample: participants = 145, observations = 26,182). Across both samples, none of theorized IPTS effects (i.e., contemporaneous effect from hopeless to suicidal thinking) were shared at the group level. There was significant heterogeneity in the personalized models, suggesting there are different pathways through which different people come to experience suicidal thoughts/behaviors. These findings highlight the complexity of suicide risk and the need for more personalized approaches to assessment and prediction.
{"title":"Heterogeneity in suicide risk: Evidence from personalized dynamic models","authors":"Daniel D.L. Coppersmith , Evan M. Kleiman , Alexander J. Millner , Shirley B. Wang , Cara Arizmendi , Kate H. Bentley , Dylan DeMarco , Rebecca G. Fortgang , Kelly L. Zuromski , Joseph S. Maimone , Adam Haim , Jukka-Pekka Onnela , Suzanne A. Bird , Jordan W. Smoller , Patrick Mair , Matthew K. Nock","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Most theories of suicide propose within-person changes in psychological states cause suicidal thoughts/behaviors; however, most studies use between-person analyses. Thus, there are little empirical data exploring current theories in the way they are hypothesized to occur. We used a form of statistical modeling called group iterative multiple model estimation (GIMME) to explore one theory of suicide: The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide (IPTS). GIMME estimates personalized statistical models for each individual and associations shared across individuals. Data were from a real-time monitoring study of individuals with a history of suicidal thoughts/behavior (adult sample: participants = 111, observations = 25,242; adolescent sample: participants = 145, observations = 26,182). Across both samples, none of theorized IPTS effects (i.e., contemporaneous effect from hopeless to suicidal thinking) were shared at the group level. There was significant heterogeneity in the personalized models, suggesting there are different pathways through which different people come to experience suicidal thoughts/behaviors. These findings highlight the complexity of suicide risk and the need for more personalized approaches to assessment and prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141132617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104571
Given the bidirectional association between psychopathology and relationship distress, an in-depth understanding of couples' interaction processes that contribute to psychopathology is needed. This study examined the interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal (fundamental frequency, f0) during couple conversations and their associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress. Data from eight samples were pooled (N = 404 couples) to examine (a) overall trajectories of f0 across the interaction and (b) moment-by-moment intraindividual changes in and interpersonal reactivity to partners' f0. Multilevel growth models and repeated-measures actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated that individuals with more severe depression showed more synchronizing reactivity to their partners' f0 on a moment-by-moment basis, and their overall baseline level of f0 was lower. More severe relationship distress was associated with more steeply increasing trajectories of f0 and with greater synchronizing reactivity to partners' f0. Relative differences in depressive symptoms between the two members of a couple were associated with interpersonal dynamics of f0 as well. There were no associations with anxiety symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms were associated with characteristic interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal; yet, most consistent associations emerged for relationship distress, which future studies on individual psychopathology should take into account.
{"title":"Interpersonal dynamics of vocal fundamental frequency in couples: Depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the bidirectional association between psychopathology and relationship distress, an in-depth understanding of couples' interaction processes that contribute to psychopathology is needed. This study examined the interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal (fundamental frequency, f<sub>0</sub>) during couple conversations and their associations with depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and relationship distress. Data from eight samples were pooled (<em>N</em> = 404 couples) to examine (a) overall trajectories of f<sub>0</sub> across the interaction and (b) moment-by-moment intraindividual changes in and interpersonal reactivity to partners' f<sub>0</sub>. Multilevel growth models and repeated-measures actor-partner interdependence models demonstrated that individuals with more severe depression showed more synchronizing reactivity to their partners' f<sub>0</sub> on a moment-by-moment basis, and their overall baseline level of f<sub>0</sub> was lower. More severe relationship distress was associated with more steeply increasing trajectories of f<sub>0</sub> and with greater synchronizing reactivity to partners' f<sub>0</sub>. Relative differences in depressive symptoms between the two members of a couple were associated with interpersonal dynamics of f<sub>0</sub> as well. There were no associations with anxiety symptoms. Thus, depressive symptoms were associated with characteristic interpersonal dynamics of vocally-encoded emotional arousal; yet, most consistent associations emerged for relationship distress, which future studies on individual psychopathology should take into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 104571"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000986/pdfft?md5=d5163fb9147e432488add005f07d5ea4&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000986-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573
Shenghao Chen, Esther C. Park, Lauren M. Harris, Anika N. Sigel, Catherine E. Broshek, Thomas E. Joiner, Jessica D. Ribeiro
Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word “suicide” on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., “accident,” “murder,” or “suicide”) either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word “suicide” slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of “murder” and “accident” delayed participants’ judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.
{"title":"Beyond words: Semantic satiation and the mental accessibility of the concept of suicide","authors":"Shenghao Chen, Esther C. Park, Lauren M. Harris, Anika N. Sigel, Catherine E. Broshek, Thomas E. Joiner, Jessica D. Ribeiro","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Disrupting the accessibility of the mental representation of suicide may be a possible pathway to a strategy for suicide prevention. Our study aims to theoretically evaluate this perspective by examining the impact of temporarily disrupting the concept of suicide on perceptions of suicide. Using a within-subject design, we tested the effects of semantic satiation targeting the word “suicide” on the perceptual judgment of suicide-relevant pictures in 104 young adults. On each trial, participants repeated aloud one of the three words (i.e., “accident,” “murder,” or “suicide”) either three times (priming) or 30 times (satiation) and indicated whether a subsequent picture matched with the word. Results indicated that satiation of the word “suicide” slowed the accurate categorization of pictures related to all three words, and satiation of “murder” and “accident” delayed participants’ judgment of suicide-relevant pictures. Our findings support that semantic satiation can render the suicide concept temporarily less accessible, thereby providing preliminary support for the strategy of concept disruption in suicide prevention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104573"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-18DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570
Laurel Keats, Paul E. Jose, Karen Salmon
Although recent research suggests that, for community youth, greater specific (episodic) detail in self-relevant turning point memory narratives predicts depressive symptoms over time, no research has investigated whether the narratives’ specificity similarly predicts depression. Therefore, we investigated whether recalling a specific (unique, 24-hour or less) turning point narrative predicted youth depressive symptoms concurrently and across 6 months (Study 1), and, for a subset of participants, three years (Study 2). We also examined whether the valence of the implication of the experience for self (the resolution) explained additional variance and interacted with memory specificity. For Study 1 (N = 320, M = 16.9 years, 81% female), a specific (rather than a non-specific) turning point predicted greater depressive symptoms concurrently but not longitudinally, whereas a negative resolution predicted both concurrent and longitudinal depressive symptoms. The moderation result showed that a specific turning point predicted escalating depressive symptoms across six months when the resolution was negative. Study 2 (N = 68) additionally showed that a specific turning point predicted increased depressive symptoms three years later. These findings contrast with research suggesting that specific memories are related to better mental health and highlight the complexity of the role of memory in emerging youth depression.
{"title":"Specificity and valence of adolescents’ turning point memory narratives: Relationships with depressive symptoms over time","authors":"Laurel Keats, Paul E. Jose, Karen Salmon","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although recent research suggests that, for community youth, greater specific (episodic) detail in self-relevant turning point memory narratives predicts depressive symptoms over time, no research has investigated whether the narratives’ specificity similarly predicts depression. Therefore, we investigated whether recalling a <em>specific</em> (unique, 24-hour or less) turning point narrative predicted youth depressive symptoms concurrently and across 6 months (Study 1), and, for a subset of participants, three years (Study 2). We also examined whether the valence of the implication of the experience for self (the resolution) explained additional variance and interacted with memory specificity. For Study 1 (<em>N</em> = 320, <em>M</em> = 16.9 years, 81% female), a specific (rather than a non-specific) turning point predicted greater depressive symptoms concurrently but not longitudinally, whereas a negative resolution predicted both concurrent and longitudinal depressive symptoms. The moderation result showed that a specific turning point predicted escalating depressive symptoms across six months when the resolution was negative. Study 2 (<em>N</em> = 68) additionally showed that a specific turning point predicted increased depressive symptoms three years later. These findings contrast with research suggesting that specific memories are related to better mental health and highlight the complexity of the role of memory in emerging youth depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104570"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141077754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104568
Amelia Reynolds, Colin MacLeod, Ben Grafton
The present study examined cognitive mechanisms underpinning the increased tendency of individuals with high trait anxiety to experience inflation of negative affect when approaching potential stressors. Specifically, the roles of (1) disproportionately negative relative to positive expectancies (i.e., negative expectancy bias) and (2) disproportionately interrogating negative relative to positive information (i.e., negative interrogation bias), each concerning the potential stressor, were examined. High and low trait anxiety participants (N = 286) completed the experimental session, in which they were informed they may view a potentially stressful film. As participants approached the putative film viewing, participants' negative and positive affect, as well as their negative and positive expectancies were assessed. Additionally, negative interrogation bias was assessed by providing participants the opportunity to selectively interrogate information from a larger pool of negative and positive information concerning the putative film viewing. Our findings provide evidence indirect associations between trait anxiety and inflation of negative affect is serially mediated via negative interrogation bias and, in turn, negative expectancy bias. Findings are discussed with regards to limitations and potential implications for public health campaigns, and cognitive interventions for anxiety, highlighting the utility of further examining negative interrogation bias as an avenue for improving the efficacy of each.
{"title":"The role of expectancies and selective interrogation of information in trait anxiety-linked affect when approaching potentially stressful future events","authors":"Amelia Reynolds, Colin MacLeod, Ben Grafton","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study examined cognitive mechanisms underpinning the increased tendency of individuals with high trait anxiety to experience inflation of negative affect when approaching potential stressors. Specifically, the roles of (1) disproportionately negative relative to positive expectancies (i.e., negative expectancy bias) and (2) disproportionately interrogating negative relative to positive information (i.e., negative interrogation bias), each concerning the potential stressor, were examined. High and low trait anxiety participants (N = 286) completed the experimental session, in which they were informed they may view a potentially stressful film. As participants approached the putative film viewing, participants' negative and positive affect, as well as their negative and positive expectancies were assessed. Additionally, negative interrogation bias was assessed by providing participants the opportunity to selectively interrogate information from a larger pool of negative and positive information concerning the putative film viewing. Our findings provide evidence indirect associations between trait anxiety and inflation of negative affect is serially mediated via negative interrogation bias and, in turn, negative expectancy bias. Findings are discussed with regards to limitations and potential implications for public health campaigns, and cognitive interventions for anxiety, highlighting the utility of further examining negative interrogation bias as an avenue for improving the efficacy of each.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104568"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557
Janna N. Vrijsen , Ben Grafton , Ernst H.W. Koster , Jennifer Lau , Charlotte E. Wittekind , Yair Bar-Haim , Eni S. Becker , Melissa A. Brotman , Jutta Joormann , Amit Lazarov , Colin MacLeod , Victoria Manning , Jeremy W. Pettit , Mike Rinck , Elske Salemink , Marcella L. Woud , Lauren S. Hallion , Reinout W. Wiers
Cognitive bias modification (CBM) has evolved from an experimental method testing cognitive mechanisms of psychopathology to a promising tool for accessible digital mental health care. While we are still discovering the conditions under which clinically relevant effects occur, the dire need for accessible, effective, and low-cost mental health tools underscores the need for implementation where such tools are available. Providing our expert opinion as Association for Cognitive Bias Modification members, we first discuss the readiness of different CBM approaches for clinical implementation, then discuss key considerations with regard to implementation. Evidence is robust for approach bias modification as an adjunctive intervention for alcohol use disorders and interpretation bias modification as a stand-alone intervention for anxiety disorders. Theoretical predictions regarding the mechanisms by which bias and symptom change occur await further testing. We propose that CBM interventions with demonstrated efficacy should be provided to the targeted populations. To facilitate this, we set a research agenda based on implementation frameworks, which includes feasibility and acceptability testing, co-creation with end-users, and collaboration with industry partners.
{"title":"Towards implementation of cognitive bias modification in mental health care: State of the science, best practices, and ways forward","authors":"Janna N. Vrijsen , Ben Grafton , Ernst H.W. Koster , Jennifer Lau , Charlotte E. Wittekind , Yair Bar-Haim , Eni S. Becker , Melissa A. Brotman , Jutta Joormann , Amit Lazarov , Colin MacLeod , Victoria Manning , Jeremy W. Pettit , Mike Rinck , Elske Salemink , Marcella L. Woud , Lauren S. Hallion , Reinout W. Wiers","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive bias modification (CBM) has evolved from an experimental method testing cognitive mechanisms of psychopathology to a promising tool for accessible digital mental health care. While we are still discovering the conditions under which clinically relevant effects occur, the dire need for accessible, effective, and low-cost mental health tools underscores the need for implementation where such tools are available. Providing our expert opinion as Association for Cognitive Bias Modification members, we first discuss the readiness of different CBM approaches for clinical implementation, then discuss key considerations with regard to implementation. Evidence is robust for approach bias modification as an adjunctive intervention for alcohol use disorders and interpretation bias modification as a stand-alone intervention for anxiety disorders. Theoretical predictions regarding the mechanisms by which bias and symptom change occur await further testing. We propose that CBM interventions with demonstrated efficacy should be provided to the targeted populations. To facilitate this, we set a research agenda based on implementation frameworks, which includes feasibility and acceptability testing, co-creation with end-users, and collaboration with industry partners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 104557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724000846/pdfft?md5=1823bfa87e0340b4ae93c1aa73a6249f&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724000846-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141036130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104569
Isabel Clegg, Lies Notebaert, Cele Richardson
Evidence supports a causal role of insomnia in the development and maintenance of depression, yet mechanisms underlying this association in young people are not well established. Attention biases have been implicated separately in the sleep and depression fields and represents an important candidate mechanism. Poor sleep may lead to a negative attention bias (characteristic of depression) by impacting attentional control. This study assessed the hypothesis that attentional control and negative attention bias would sequentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in an unselected sample of young people (17-24 years). Concerns have been raised regarding the psychometric properties of tasks used to measure attention bias, and a Dual-Probe Task is emerging as a more reliable measure. Participants (N = 275, Male = 59, Mage = 19.40) completed the Dual-Probe Task, a behavioural measure of attentional control, and self-report measures of insomnia and depression. Participants completed a one-week sleep diary. Results were consistent with negative attention bias, but not attentional control, as a mechanism which partially accounts for the relationship between sleep (i.e., insomnia severity, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency) and depression. This study highlights sleep and negative attention bias as potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce depressive symptoms in young people.
{"title":"Negative attention bias and attentional control as mechanisms in the association between insomnia and depression in young people.","authors":"Isabel Clegg, Lies Notebaert, Cele Richardson","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence supports a causal role of insomnia in the development and maintenance of depression, yet mechanisms underlying this association in young people are not well established. Attention biases have been implicated separately in the sleep and depression fields and represents an important candidate mechanism. Poor sleep may lead to a negative attention bias (characteristic of depression) by impacting attentional control. This study assessed the hypothesis that attentional control and negative attention bias would sequentially mediate the relationship between insomnia and depressive symptoms in an unselected sample of young people (17-24 years). Concerns have been raised regarding the psychometric properties of tasks used to measure attention bias, and a Dual-Probe Task is emerging as a more reliable measure. Participants (N = 275, Male = 59, M<sub>age</sub> = 19.40) completed the Dual-Probe Task, a behavioural measure of attentional control, and self-report measures of insomnia and depression. Participants completed a one-week sleep diary. Results were consistent with negative attention bias, but not attentional control, as a mechanism which partially accounts for the relationship between sleep (i.e., insomnia severity, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, sleep latency) and depression. This study highlights sleep and negative attention bias as potentially modifiable risk factors to reduce depressive symptoms in young people.</p>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"179 ","pages":"104569"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140960256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}