Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104924
Kibby McMahon , Scott N. Compton , Andrada D. Neacsiu , Nathaniel R. Herr , Kevin S. LaBar , Lisalynn Kelley , Marissa Howard , M. Zachary Rosenthal
Transdiagnostic behavioral interventions often fail to generalize learning beyond the therapy setting, limiting their effectiveness in daily life. This two-experiment study investigated whether pairing novel auditory stimuli with reductions in emotional arousal can help generalize habituation learning and facilitate emotion regulation across contexts and over time. In Experiment 1, participants who had habituation reminders (HRs; novel auditory stimuli) paired repeatedly with a laboratory exposure task showed reduced self-reported distress during a different stressor task one week later. No differences were found when examining markers of physiological arousal. Experiment 2 tested the generalization of HR training to naturalistic settings using mobile phones. Participants receiving HRs during distressing moments in daily life reported more significant reductions in subjective distress compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest that HRs -- novel auditory stimuli associated with repeated reductions in emotional arousal -- can facilitate the regulation of subjective distress across time and contexts. Clinical implications involve using HRs to enhance emotion regulation interventions by integrating therapy with real-world applications. Future research should explore HR effectiveness across diverse emotional triggers. Overall, HRs represent a promising method for enhancing the durability and generalization of emotion regulation interventions.
{"title":"Generalization of emotion regulation using conditioned reminders on mobile phones","authors":"Kibby McMahon , Scott N. Compton , Andrada D. Neacsiu , Nathaniel R. Herr , Kevin S. LaBar , Lisalynn Kelley , Marissa Howard , M. Zachary Rosenthal","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104924","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104924","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdiagnostic behavioral interventions often fail to generalize learning beyond the therapy setting, limiting their effectiveness in daily life. This two-experiment study investigated whether pairing novel auditory stimuli with reductions in emotional arousal can help generalize habituation learning and facilitate emotion regulation across contexts and over time. In Experiment 1, participants who had habituation reminders (HRs; novel auditory stimuli) paired repeatedly with a laboratory exposure task showed reduced self-reported distress during a different stressor task one week later. No differences were found when examining markers of physiological arousal. Experiment 2 tested the generalization of HR training to naturalistic settings using mobile phones. Participants receiving HRs during distressing moments in daily life reported more significant reductions in subjective distress compared to controls. Taken together, these results suggest that HRs -- novel auditory stimuli associated with repeated reductions in emotional arousal -- can facilitate the regulation of subjective distress across time and contexts. Clinical implications involve using HRs to enhance emotion regulation interventions by integrating therapy with real-world applications. Future research should explore HR effectiveness across diverse emotional triggers. Overall, HRs represent a promising method for enhancing the durability and generalization of emotion regulation interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 104924"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145716374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104921
Noboru Matsumoto , David John Hallford , Lynn Ann Watson
Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM), the inability to recall specific events and instead recall general memories, is a well-known feature of psychopathology. Although OGM has been regarded as a deficit in generative retrieval, recent studies highlight the role of direct and involuntary (associative) retrieval in OGM. We propose the accessibility model, which discards the hierarchical structure of autobiographical memory and truncated search hypothesis. The accessibility model assumes that memory representations of different specificities are structured in parallel, and compete to be retrieved. The model contends that direct and generative retrieval are serial processes (i.e., direct retrieval initially, followed by generative retrieval), and specific and general memory accessibility each affect OGM. We argue that increased accessibility of negative general memories and decreased accessibility of positive specific memories underlie OGM in depression. These changes in accessibility are differentially associated with hippocampal abnormalities, memory suppression, self-referential processing, and positivity biases, suggesting different mechanisms depending on emotional valence. Furthermore, we propose that metacognitive monitoring and control are required to initiate generative retrieval when retrieved memories are goal inconsistent. The accessibility model integrates existing basic memory and OGM research, which may lead to improved memory therapeutics, and new avenues for research development.
{"title":"Accessibility model of overgeneral autobiographical memory","authors":"Noboru Matsumoto , David John Hallford , Lynn Ann Watson","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overgeneral autobiographical memory (OGM), the inability to recall specific events and instead recall general memories, is a well-known feature of psychopathology. Although OGM has been regarded as a deficit in generative retrieval, recent studies highlight the role of direct and involuntary (associative) retrieval in OGM. We propose the accessibility model, which discards the hierarchical structure of autobiographical memory and truncated search hypothesis. The accessibility model assumes that memory representations of different specificities are structured in parallel, and compete to be retrieved. The model contends that direct and generative retrieval are serial processes (i.e., direct retrieval initially, followed by generative retrieval), and specific and general memory accessibility each affect OGM. We argue that increased accessibility of negative general memories and decreased accessibility of positive specific memories underlie OGM in depression. These changes in accessibility are differentially associated with hippocampal abnormalities, memory suppression, self-referential processing, and positivity biases, suggesting different mechanisms depending on emotional valence. Furthermore, we propose that metacognitive monitoring and control are required to initiate generative retrieval when retrieved memories are goal inconsistent. The accessibility model integrates existing basic memory and OGM research, which may lead to improved memory therapeutics, and new avenues for research development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 104921"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the acceptability of a new fatigue-focused Cognitive Bias Modification training for interpretations (CBM-I) for those with long term health conditions (LTC) and the feasibility of delivering a randomised controlled trial of fatigue-focused CBM-I compared to control training. Effects on fatigue-related interpretation bias, self-reported fatigue, depression and anxiety were also explored.
Methods
A two-armed (CBM-I or control) randomised controlled feasibility and acceptability trial. Participants with a LTC (cancer, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome or post-COVID condition) were randomly allocated to 12 online training sessions of CBM-I (N = 66) or a matched control condition (N = 65). Participants were assessed at baseline pre-randomisation (T0), and post-intervention (T1), two (T2) and four months post-randomisation (T3). Assessments included measures of acceptability, interpretation bias, self-reported fatigue and mood.
Results
The results indicate that fatigue-focused CBM-I training appears acceptable to people with LTCs, shown by good rates of adherence (77% completing full dose) and acceptability scores. It appears feasible to recruit and retain participants through follow-up (70% retained at four months). There was a large effect size (g = 0.834, 95% CI [0.472,1.196]) in favour of the intervention on the purported mechanism of change (interpretation biases) and small effects on self-reported fatigue and depression but not anxiety.
Conclusions
The study suggests that CBM-I training is an easy to administer, relatively brief digital intervention which shows promise in reducing fatigue and associated symptoms in those with long term health conditions. A full-scale trial of CBM-I for fatigue LTCs is justified on the basis of the findings.
{"title":"Interpretation bias modification (CBM-I) for fatigue in long term health conditions – A feasibility study","authors":"Alicia Hughes , Gabriella Tyson , Rona Moss-Morris , Serena McGuinness , Sophie Fawson , Trudie Chalder , Colette R. Hirsch","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>This study examined the acceptability of a new fatigue-focused Cognitive Bias Modification training for interpretations (CBM-I) for those with long term health conditions (LTC) and the feasibility of delivering a randomised controlled trial of fatigue-focused CBM-I compared to control training. Effects on fatigue-related interpretation bias, self-reported fatigue, depression and anxiety were also explored.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-armed (CBM-I or control) randomised controlled feasibility and acceptability trial. Participants with a LTC (cancer, multiple sclerosis, chronic fatigue syndrome or post-COVID condition) were randomly allocated to 12 online training sessions of CBM-I (N = 66) or a matched control condition (N = 65). Participants were assessed at baseline pre-randomisation (T0), and post-intervention (T1), two (T2) and four months post-randomisation (T3). Assessments included measures of acceptability, interpretation bias, self-reported fatigue and mood.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results indicate that fatigue-focused CBM-I training appears acceptable to people with LTCs, shown by good rates of adherence (77% completing full dose) and acceptability scores. It appears feasible to recruit and retain participants through follow-up (70% retained at four months). There was a large effect size (<em>g</em> = 0.834, 95% CI [0.472,1.196]) in favour of the intervention on the purported mechanism of change (interpretation biases) and small effects on self-reported fatigue and depression but not anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study suggests that CBM-I training is an easy to administer, relatively brief digital intervention which shows promise in reducing fatigue and associated symptoms in those with long term health conditions. A full-scale trial of CBM-I for fatigue LTCs is justified on the basis of the findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 104917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145570807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104922
Helena Widdrington , Mary Gemma Cherry , Katie Herron , Charlotte Krahé
Introduction
To develop effective and acceptable interventions for reducing distress in adults living with chronic pain, understanding the psychological processes presumed to underlie therapeutic approaches is needed. This longitudinal study examined the relative contribution of illness perceptions (grounded in the common-sense model informing cognitive behavioural therapy) and compassion (key to compassion-focused therapy) in predicting anxiety and depression in chronic pain, and explored whether effects were mediated by worry and rumination.
Method
Adults with chronic primary pain, recruited through a tertiary pain management service in the United Kingdom, completed pain interference and severity, illness perceptions, compassion, worry, rumination, anxiety, and depression measures at baseline (N = 159), and three months later (N = 96).
Results
At baseline, lower compassion from others and greater worry were associated with greater anxiety, while more negative illness perceptions, lower compassion (for self and others), greater rumination, and greater pain interference were linked to higher depression scores. Longitudinally, there were no significant direct effects of baseline illness perceptions or compassion on anxiety three months later, and no mediating effects of worry when controlling for pain interference and severity. For depression, more negative illness perceptions at baseline directly predicted greater rumination and depression levels three months later, but no mediating effect of rumination on depression was found.
Discussion
Therapeutic approaches grounded in the common-sense model may be useful in understanding depression in individuals living with chronic pain. Further research is needed to explore processes and mechanisms underpinning anxiety.
{"title":"Illness perceptions and compassion are important psychological processes involved in distress in chronic pain: A longitudinal study","authors":"Helena Widdrington , Mary Gemma Cherry , Katie Herron , Charlotte Krahé","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>To develop effective and acceptable interventions for reducing distress in adults living with chronic pain, understanding the psychological processes presumed to underlie therapeutic approaches is needed. This longitudinal study examined the relative contribution of illness perceptions (grounded in the common-sense model informing cognitive behavioural therapy) and compassion (key to compassion-focused therapy) in predicting anxiety and depression in chronic pain, and explored whether effects were mediated by worry and rumination.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Adults with chronic primary pain, recruited through a tertiary pain management service in the United Kingdom, completed pain interference and severity, illness perceptions, compassion, worry, rumination, anxiety, and depression measures at baseline (<em>N</em> = 159), and three months later (<em>N</em> = 96).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At baseline, lower compassion from others and greater worry were associated with greater anxiety, while more negative illness perceptions, lower compassion (for self and others), greater rumination, and greater pain interference were linked to higher depression scores. Longitudinally, there were no significant direct effects of baseline illness perceptions or compassion on anxiety three months later, and no mediating effects of worry when controlling for pain interference and severity. For depression, more negative illness perceptions at baseline directly predicted greater rumination and depression levels three months later, but no mediating effect of rumination on depression was found.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Therapeutic approaches grounded in the common-sense model may be useful in understanding depression in individuals living with chronic pain. Further research is needed to explore processes and mechanisms underpinning anxiety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"196 ","pages":"Article 104922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104916
Mathias Twardawski, Gizem Syuleyman
Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a well-established psychotherapeutic intervention for treating aversive memories, such as those related to interpersonal transgressions. However, questions remain regarding the optimal implementation of ImRs, particularly concerning which components are most effective. In this experimental study (N = 271), we examined whether guiding participants to imagine forgiving versus taking revenge on a transgressor would differentially affect key emotional and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of the initial victim-transgressor commitment. Participants were instructed to imagine being the victims in a fictional interpersonal transgression. The imagined transgressor was a person with whom they had either a weak or strong commitment. Participants then engaged in an audio-guided ImRs session oriented toward either forgiveness or revenge, before indicating their aggressive inclinations, positive and negative affect, justice-related satisfaction, and feelings of empowerment. Results indicated that forgiveness-oriented ImRs led to lower aggressive inclinations and negative affect, as well as higher justice-related satisfaction, compared to revenge-oriented ImRs. No differences emerged between conditions in positive affect and feelings of empowerment. Moreover, the effectiveness of both ImRs approaches was independent of the victim-transgressor commitment. These findings suggest that forgiveness-oriented ImRs may offer a promising approach to reduce the emotional consequences of transgressions, with a reduced risk of increasing aggressive inclinations among victims. This highlights the potential value of incorporating forgiveness into ImRs protocols. However, given the fictional nature of the transgression and the standardized, non-clinical setting, further research is needed to evaluate the clinical applicability of these findings.
{"title":"Imagery rescripting of interpersonal transgressions: Forgiveness, revenge, and commitment in the victim-transgressor relationship","authors":"Mathias Twardawski, Gizem Syuleyman","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) is a well-established psychotherapeutic intervention for treating aversive memories, such as those related to interpersonal transgressions. However, questions remain regarding the optimal implementation of ImRs, particularly concerning which components are most effective. In this experimental study (<em>N</em> = 271), we examined whether guiding participants to imagine forgiving versus taking revenge on a transgressor would differentially affect key emotional and cognitive outcomes. Additionally, we investigated the moderating role of the initial victim-transgressor commitment. Participants were instructed to imagine being the victims in a fictional interpersonal transgression. The imagined transgressor was a person with whom they had either a weak or strong commitment. Participants then engaged in an audio-guided ImRs session oriented toward either forgiveness or revenge, before indicating their aggressive inclinations, positive and negative affect, justice-related satisfaction, and feelings of empowerment. Results indicated that forgiveness-oriented ImRs led to lower aggressive inclinations and negative affect, as well as higher justice-related satisfaction, compared to revenge-oriented ImRs. No differences emerged between conditions in positive affect and feelings of empowerment. Moreover, the effectiveness of both ImRs approaches was independent of the victim-transgressor commitment. These findings suggest that forgiveness-oriented ImRs may offer a promising approach to reduce the emotional consequences of transgressions, with a reduced risk of increasing aggressive inclinations among victims. This highlights the potential value of incorporating forgiveness into ImRs protocols. However, given the fictional nature of the transgression and the standardized, non-clinical setting, further research is needed to evaluate the clinical applicability of these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145558309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104914
Halaina R. Winter , Alice R. Norton , Bethany M. Wootton
Imagery rescripting (ImR) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, there are many logistical and psychological barriers that prevent individuals with SAD from accessing treatment. The efficacy of remote treatment methodologies, such as internet videoconferencing, has recently been demonstrated across a range of mental disorders. However, the efficacy of videoconferencing-delivered ImR (vImR) has not yet been examined. The present study aims to examine the efficacy and acceptability of vImR for SAD in a multiple baseline trial utilising the waitlist control group from a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT). 35 participants (Mage = 37.86; SD = 12.90) received no intervention for 8-weeks, then received an 8-session manualised vImR treatment protocol. Within-group analyses indicated negligible effect sizes from baseline to pre-treatment (SIAS-6: d = 0.22; 95 % CI: 0.25 – 0.69; SPS-6: d = −0.03; 95 % CI: 0.49 – 0.44). Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (SIAS-6: d = 0.81; 95 % CI: 0.32–1.29; SPS-6: d = 0.80; 95 % CI: 0.30–1.27) and pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (SIAS-6: d = 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.36–1.33; SPS-6: d = 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.40–1.38). At post-treatment, 66 % of participants no longer met criteria for SAD (74 % at 3-month follow-up). Benchmarking analyses indicated similar treatment effect sizes to in-person ImR for SAD. Participants rated the program as highly acceptable. The results indicate that the mechanisms of ImR appear to be transferable to vImR and therefore this may be a viable remote treatment option for individuals with SAD who do not respond to first-line treatments.
意象处方（ImR）在减轻社交焦虑障碍（SAD）症状方面已被证明有效。然而，有许多后勤和心理障碍阻碍了SAD患者获得治疗。网络视频会议等远程治疗方法的有效性最近已在一系列精神疾病中得到证实。然而，视频会议提供的ImR （vImR）的有效性尚未得到检验。本研究旨在检验vImR治疗SAD的有效性和可接受性，该试验采用多基线试验，利用来自更大的随机对照试验（RCT）的等待名单对照组。35名参与者（Mage = 37.86; SD = 12.90）在8周内不接受干预，然后接受8个疗程的手动vImR治疗方案。组内分析表明，从基线到预处理的效应大小可以忽略不计（SIAS-6: d = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.25 - 0.69; SPS-6: d = -0.03; 95% CI: 0.49 - 0.44）。从治疗前到治疗后（SIAS-6: d = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.32-1.29; SPS-6: d = 0.80; 95% CI: 0.30-1.27）和治疗前到3个月的随访（SIAS-6: d = 0.85; 95% CI: 0.36-1.33; SPS-6: d = 0.90; 95% CI: 0.40-1.38）均发现了较大的效应量。在治疗后，66%的参与者不再符合SAD的标准（3个月随访时为74%）。基准分析表明，SAD的治疗效果与现场ImR相似。参与者对这个项目的评价是高度可接受的。结果表明，ImR的机制似乎可以转移到vImR，因此对于对一线治疗无效的SAD患者来说，这可能是一个可行的远程治疗选择。
{"title":"Imagery rescripting for social anxiety disorder via internet videoconferencing: An open trial","authors":"Halaina R. Winter , Alice R. Norton , Bethany M. Wootton","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Imagery rescripting (ImR) has demonstrated efficacy in reducing symptoms of social anxiety disorder (SAD). However, there are many logistical and psychological barriers that prevent individuals with SAD from accessing treatment. The efficacy of remote treatment methodologies, such as internet videoconferencing, has recently been demonstrated across a range of mental disorders. However, the efficacy of videoconferencing-delivered ImR (vImR) has not yet been examined. The present study aims to examine the efficacy and acceptability of vImR for SAD in a multiple baseline trial utilising the waitlist control group from a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT). 35 participants (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 37.86; <em>SD</em> = 12.90) received no intervention for 8-weeks, then received an 8-session manualised vImR treatment protocol. Within-group analyses indicated negligible effect sizes from baseline to pre-treatment (SIAS-6: <em>d</em> = 0.22; 95 % CI: 0.25 – 0.69; SPS-6: <em>d</em> = −0.03; 95 % CI: 0.49 – 0.44). Large effect sizes were found from pre-treatment to post-treatment (SIAS-6: <em>d</em> = 0.81; 95 % CI: 0.32–1.29; SPS-6: <em>d</em> = 0.80; 95 % CI: 0.30–1.27) and pre-treatment to 3-month follow-up (SIAS-6: <em>d</em> = 0.85; 95 % CI: 0.36–1.33; SPS-6: <em>d</em> = 0.90; 95 % CI: 0.40–1.38). At post-treatment, 66 % of participants no longer met criteria for SAD (74 % at 3-month follow-up). Benchmarking analyses indicated similar treatment effect sizes to in-person ImR for SAD. Participants rated the program as highly acceptable. The results indicate that the mechanisms of ImR appear to be transferable to vImR and therefore this may be a viable remote treatment option for individuals with SAD who do not respond to first-line treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920
Tara Driskill , Brandon K. Watanabe , Annmarie MacNamara
Although positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal increases electrocortical and subjective response to pictures, little is known about how situational factors may moderate its success. For instance, emotion regulation must at times be performed shortly after a cognitively demanding event. Here, we set out to determine whether positive emotion up-regulation would be compromised if performed after a difficult math task (hard math; n = 39) versus after an easy math task (easy math; n = 39). After randomly assigning participants to groups, we assessed reappraisal's effectiveness using the late positive potential (LPP) as a measure of picture salience and picture ratings. Results showed that positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal was unaffected by math difficulty. Nonetheless, participants who had just completed a hard math task showed smaller LPPs overall, compared to those who had completed the easy math task. In contrast to prior work, across both math groups, reappraisal was only effective for neutral and not positive pictures. Therefore, recent prior cognitive demand does not appear to compromise reappraisal of neutral pictures, yet it remains possible that any recent demanding task (i.e., either high or low load) may compromise up-regulation for stimuli that are closer to ceiling – i.e., positive stimuli. Results are discussed in the context of a situation-specific approach to emotion regulation and the utility of positive emotion up-regulation in everyday life. Findings also suggest possible a mechanism underlying blunted response to stimuli, as has been observed in some forms of internalizing psychopathology.
{"title":"Positive emotion up-regulation in the wake of a cognitively demanding task: An event-related potential study","authors":"Tara Driskill , Brandon K. Watanabe , Annmarie MacNamara","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal increases electrocortical and subjective response to pictures, little is known about how situational factors may moderate its success. For instance, emotion regulation must at times be performed shortly after a cognitively demanding event. Here, we set out to determine whether positive emotion up-regulation would be compromised if performed after a difficult math task (hard math; <em>n</em> = 39) versus after an easy math task (easy math; <em>n</em> = 39). After randomly assigning participants to groups, we assessed reappraisal's effectiveness using the late positive potential (LPP) as a measure of picture salience and picture ratings. Results showed that positive emotion up-regulation via reappraisal was unaffected by math difficulty. Nonetheless, participants who had just completed a hard math task showed smaller LPPs overall, compared to those who had completed the easy math task. In contrast to prior work, across both math groups, reappraisal was only effective for neutral and not positive pictures. Therefore, recent prior cognitive demand does not appear to compromise reappraisal of neutral pictures, yet it remains possible that any recent demanding task (i.e., either high or low load) may compromise up-regulation for stimuli that are closer to ceiling – i.e., positive stimuli. Results are discussed in the context of a situation-specific approach to emotion regulation and the utility of positive emotion up-regulation in everyday life. Findings also suggest possible a mechanism underlying blunted response to stimuli, as has been observed in some forms of internalizing psychopathology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145551636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915
Lauren Stavropoulos , Isaac Sabel , David D.J. Cooper , Jill M. Newby , Jessica G. Grisham
Background
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterised by aversive mental images of feared outcomes. This study investigated whether a single session of imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive images regarding a feared event than imaginal exposure among individuals high in trait worry.
Methods
Undergraduate participants (N = 89) high in trait worry attended a 45-min video-call session with a psychologist in which they identified a worry image, rated their anxiety, worry, threat appraisals, and imagery-related distress, and were randomised to 15-min therapist-guided imagery rescripting or imaginal exposure. Imagery rescripting involved rewriting the worry image to achieve a positive outcome. Participants were asked to listen to a recording of the exercise on three days and provided outcome ratings after 1 week.
Results
Linear mixed effect modelling revealed both conditions produced medium-to-large decreases in worry, anxiety, threat appraisals, and frequency and distress associated with worry images between baseline and 1-week post-intervention (ds = 0.54-0.2.33). Results were comparable between conditions, and the study hypotheses predicting that imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in outcome variables than imaginal exposure were not supported.
Conclusion
A novel, future-oriented imagery rescripting intervention produced comparable effects to imaginal exposure in improving participants’ anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive imagery regarding their worries 1 week later. However, the intervention was not superior to imaginal exposure as predicted. Future studies may further investigate longer term outcomes and mechanisms of change of imagery rescripting for worry, and apply imagery rescripting with clinical samples and comparison to additional comparator conditions.
{"title":"Brief imagery rescripting is equivalent to imaginal exposure in improving response to worry images among high worry individuals","authors":"Lauren Stavropoulos , Isaac Sabel , David D.J. Cooper , Jill M. Newby , Jessica G. Grisham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Generalized anxiety disorder is characterised by aversive mental images of feared outcomes. This study investigated whether a single session of imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive images regarding a feared event than imaginal exposure among individuals high in trait worry.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Undergraduate participants (N = 89) high in trait worry attended a 45-min video-call session with a psychologist in which they identified a worry image, rated their anxiety, worry, threat appraisals, and imagery-related distress, and were randomised to 15-min therapist-guided imagery rescripting or imaginal exposure. Imagery rescripting involved rewriting the worry image to achieve a positive outcome. Participants were asked to listen to a recording of the exercise on three days and provided outcome ratings after 1 week.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Linear mixed effect modelling revealed both conditions produced medium-to-large decreases in worry, anxiety, threat appraisals, and frequency and distress associated with worry images between baseline and 1-week post-intervention (<em>d</em>s = 0.54-0.2.33). Results were comparable between conditions, and the study hypotheses predicting that imagery rescripting would produce greater reductions in outcome variables than imaginal exposure were not supported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A novel, future-oriented imagery rescripting intervention produced comparable effects to imaginal exposure in improving participants’ anxious response, threat appraisals, and intrusive imagery regarding their worries 1 week later. However, the intervention was not superior to imaginal exposure as predicted. Future studies may further investigate longer term outcomes and mechanisms of change of imagery rescripting for worry, and apply imagery rescripting with clinical samples and comparison to additional comparator conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918
Wencke Donath , Ernst H.W. Koster , Rafaële J.C. Huntjens , Matt Field , Peter J. de Jong
Clinically derived theoretical models of dissociative identity disorder (DID) suggest that these individuals experience shifts in cognitive functioning between identity states. While prior research has found no objective inter-identity differences in memory, the present study investigated whether such differences are evident in a related cognitive domain: attentional processing. It was hypothesized that individuals with DID would exhibit differences in their attentional bias (AB) toward concern-related stimuli. They were compared to individuals with PTSD who experienced interpersonal childhood trauma, simulators enacting different identity states, and non-clinical adults. Based on cognitive models in anxiety, individuals with PTSD were expected to show a vigilance-avoidance AB pattern for concern-related stimuli. Non-clinical comparisons were expected to show a weaker AB effect than the clinical groups. Participants (n = 95) completed a visual spatial dot-probe task with both short (200 ms) and long (1250 ms) exposure conditions, displaying angry (i.e., concern-related stimuli) and happy facial expressions (i.e., control stimuli). In addition, participants completed post-task measures of state anxiety and state dissociation. The results did not reveal significant AB differences between identity states in individuals with DID, although differences were observed between identity states in the simulator group. Moreover, no significant AB differences were found between individuals with DID, PTSD, and non-clinical groups. State anxiety and state dissociation scores were not significantly related to AB scores. Findings provided no support for shifts in attentional processing between identity states in DID. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a hypervigilant-avoidant AB pattern for concern-related stimuli in PTSD.
{"title":"Attentional processing of concern-related stimuli in dissociative identity disorder: No evidence for inter-identity differences","authors":"Wencke Donath , Ernst H.W. Koster , Rafaële J.C. Huntjens , Matt Field , Peter J. de Jong","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104918","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clinically derived theoretical models of dissociative identity disorder (DID) suggest that these individuals experience shifts in cognitive functioning between identity states. While prior research has found no objective inter-identity differences in memory, the present study investigated whether such differences are evident in a related cognitive domain: attentional processing. It was hypothesized that individuals with DID would exhibit differences in their attentional bias (AB) toward concern-related stimuli. They were compared to individuals with PTSD who experienced interpersonal childhood trauma, simulators enacting different identity states, and non-clinical adults. Based on cognitive models in anxiety, individuals with PTSD were expected to show a vigilance-avoidance AB pattern for concern-related stimuli. Non-clinical comparisons were expected to show a weaker AB effect than the clinical groups. Participants (<em>n</em> = 95) completed a visual spatial dot-probe task with both short (200 ms) and long (1250 ms) exposure conditions, displaying angry (i.e., concern-related stimuli) and happy facial expressions (i.e., control stimuli). In addition, participants completed post-task measures of state anxiety and state dissociation. The results did not reveal significant AB differences between identity states in individuals with DID, although differences were observed between identity states in the simulator group. Moreover, no significant AB differences were found between individuals with DID, PTSD, and non-clinical groups. State anxiety and state dissociation scores were not significantly related to AB scores. Findings provided no support for shifts in attentional processing between identity states in DID. Furthermore, we found no evidence for a hypervigilant-avoidant AB pattern for concern-related stimuli in PTSD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104918"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919
Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham
Background
Occupational burnout affects between 11 % and 30 % of healthcare professionals and is associated with staff sickness, job turnover, increased costs and poorer quality of care. This study aimed to compare the effects of two theoretically distinctive interventions for burnout in healthcare professionals.
Methods
This multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial recruited 465 healthcare professionals working across 20 National Health Service (NHS) providers in England. Recruitment took place between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to digital health interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; n = 227) or job crafting (JC; n = 238), each of which lasted 6-weeks and involved participation in weekly webinars (1hr) supplemented by online coping skills modules. The primary outcome (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) was measured at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Between-group differences were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline measures, testing a non-inferiority hypothesis.
Results
At 6 weeks, the adjusted mean difference of 0.47 (95 % CI: –0.25 to 1.20; p = .197) in the OLBI favoured CBT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the non-inferiority hypothesis was not supported based on a pre-specified minimum clinically important difference. At 6 months, the adjusted mean difference favoured CBT indicating superiority; 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.05 to 1.54; p = .036).
Conclusions
Brief digital health interventions can help to improve occupational burnout and well-being in healthcare professionals. CBT was more effective than JC.
职业倦怠影响11%至30%的医疗保健专业人员，并与员工生病、工作人员流动、成本增加和护理质量下降有关。本研究旨在比较两种理论上不同的干预措施对医护人员职业倦怠的影响。方法：本多地点随机非劣效性试验招募了465名医疗保健专业人员，他们来自英国20家国民健康服务（NHS）提供商。招聘时间为2020年10月1日至2021年6月30日。参与者被随机分配到基于认知行为疗法（CBT; n = 227）或工作制定（JC; n = 238）的数字健康干预中，每项干预持续6周，包括参加每周一次的网络研讨会（1小时），并辅以在线应对技能模块。在基线、6周后和6个月后测量主要结局（Oldenburg Burnout Inventory）。采用协方差分析比较组间差异，调整基线测量，检验非劣效性假设。结果6周后，OLBI患者的调整后平均差值为0.47 （95% CI: -0.25 ~ 1.20; p = 0.197）。虽然这一差异在统计学上不显著，但非劣效性假设并未基于预先指定的最小临床重要差异得到支持。在6个月时，调整后的平均差异有利于CBT，表明CBT具有优势；0.80 （95% CI: 0.05 ~ 1.54; p = 0.036）。结论简单的数字健康干预有助于改善医护人员的职业倦怠和幸福感。CBT比JC更有效。
{"title":"Digital health interventions for occupational burnout in healthcare professionals: a multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial","authors":"Jaime Delgadillo , Victoria Laker , Melanie Simmonds-Buckley , Amy Southgate , Laura Parkhouse , Ben Davis , Jessica Furlong-Silva , Nicole King , Sarah Keeble , Oliver Davis , Poppy Royal , Mike Lucock , Elisa Aguirre , Richard Thwaites , Beverley Flint , Thomas Osborne , Fiona Bell , Madeleine Devon , Michael Barkham","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2025.104919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Occupational burnout affects between 11 % and 30 % of healthcare professionals and is associated with staff sickness, job turnover, increased costs and poorer quality of care. This study aimed to compare the effects of two theoretically distinctive interventions for burnout in healthcare professionals.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This multi-site randomised non-inferiority trial recruited 465 healthcare professionals working across 20 National Health Service (NHS) providers in England. Recruitment took place between October 1, 2020 and June 30, 2021. Participants were randomly assigned to digital health interventions based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT; n = 227) or job crafting (JC; n = 238), each of which lasted 6-weeks and involved participation in weekly webinars (1hr) supplemented by online coping skills modules. The primary outcome (Oldenburg Burnout Inventory) was measured at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 6 months. Between-group differences were compared using analysis of covariance adjusting for baseline measures, testing a non-inferiority hypothesis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>At 6 weeks, the adjusted mean difference of 0.47 (95 % CI: –0.25 to 1.20; <em>p</em> = .197) in the OLBI favoured CBT. Although this difference was not statistically significant, the non-inferiority hypothesis was not supported based on a pre-specified minimum clinically important difference. At 6 months, the adjusted mean difference favoured CBT indicating superiority; 0.80 (95 % CI: 0.05 to 1.54; <em>p</em> = .036).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Brief digital health interventions can help to improve occupational burnout and well-being in healthcare professionals. CBT was more effective than JC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 104919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145528298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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