Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献_第10页

Understanding factors related to treatment retention in an online mental health support service: Analysis of a service database 了解在线心理健康支持服务中与治疗保留相关的因素：服务数据库的分析

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104875

Breanne Hobden , Lauren Pollock , Vincent Lau , Sarah Leask , Kristy Fakes

Background

Engagement with and retention in mental health treatment remains a significant barrier to accessing effective mental health care. Early discontinuation of mental health treatments negatively impacts recovery, as well as other aspects of life such as education, employment and overall mental wellbeing. This study examined, among adults aged ≥18 years, the factors associated with mental health treatment retention via an online service in Australia.

Methods

A secondary analysis of 2021–2025 data from Talked, an Australian online therapy platform. Attendance of 1–2 therapy sessions was classed as lower retention; attendance of 3+ sessions was classed as higher retention. The association between treatment retention and sociodemographic, health and treatment-related variables were explored via multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Data for 7424 individuals were analysed. Among the sample, 52.7 % (n = 3911) engaged in 1–2 treatment sessions, and 47.3 % (n = 3513) engaged in 3+ treatment sessions. Those who had previously undertaken therapy, those reporting consuming alcohol more frequently and those who had selected three or more mental health-related issues at time of therapy booking, had greater odds of engaging with treatment. Those with dependents had lower odds of engaging with treatment.

Conclusions

The factors found to be associated with treatment retention can be used to identify targeted strategies to enhance treatment retention. These findings support the role of early identification and prioritisation of at-risk clients at the time of booking, such as those with dependants, and those who had not undertaken previous therapy, as they may require increased flexibility and accessibility considerations for psychological support.

参与和坚持精神卫生治疗仍然是获得有效精神卫生保健的一个重大障碍。早期停止心理健康治疗对康复以及生活的其他方面，如教育、就业和整体心理健康产生负面影响。本研究在澳大利亚通过在线服务调查了年龄≥18岁的成年人中与心理健康治疗保留相关的因素。方法对澳大利亚在线治疗平台talk的2021-2025年数据进行二次分析。参加1-2次治疗被归为低保留率；出席3次以上的会议被视为较高的留存率。通过多变量逻辑回归探讨治疗保留与社会人口学、健康和治疗相关变量之间的关系。结果分析了7424人的数据。样本中有52.7% （n = 3911）参与了1-2次治疗，47.3% （n = 3513）参与了3次以上治疗。那些以前接受过治疗的人，那些报告饮酒频率更高的人，以及那些在预约治疗时选择了三个或更多心理健康问题的人，接受治疗的几率更大。那些有依赖者的人接受治疗的几率较低。结论发现与治疗保留相关的因素可用于确定有针对性的策略以提高治疗保留。这些发现支持了在预约时早期识别和优先考虑高危客户的作用，例如那些有家属的人，以及那些以前没有接受过治疗的人，因为他们可能需要增加心理支持的灵活性和可及性。

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引用次数: 0

Remembering and forgetting: A dynamic social retrieval theory of posttraumatic stress 记忆与遗忘：创伤后应激的动态社会检索理论

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104873

Lori A. Zoellner , Andrea Stocco , Gabrielle Gauthier , Elizabeth Lehinger , Shivani Pandey , Emma PeConga , Michele A. Bedard-Gilligan

Posttraumatic stress is about memory; distressing and intrusive memories of a traumatic event. Although considerable focus has been on initial encoding, memory processes after the traumatic event are likely as important if not more important for facilitating resilience, natural recovery, and therapeutic recovery. In this proposed dynamic social retrieval theory (DSRT) of posttraumatic stress, ongoing retrieval and related forgetting processes shape the changing nature of the trauma memory. Retrieval events number in the hundreds, thousands, or even more, strengthening some memory traces and associations and weakening others. These retrieval events take many forms from conversations with friends and loved ones, social media interactions, intentional recall, spontaneous thoughts, cued- and un-cued reexperiencing, and avoidance of trauma reminders. We argue that the initial days, weeks, and months are important; through systems consolidation, the memory shifts to a more general, gist-like representation, incorporating social/cultural schemas and one's view of self. Better orthogonalized, separation from other related memories can further result in the reduction of trauma-related psychopathology. Clinical implications highlight the importance of adaptive retrieval in daily life, in social interactions and cultural messaging, and within the therapeutic relationship to shape the long-term nature of the traumatic memory and help the trauma survivor flourish.

创伤后应激是关于记忆的；创伤性事件的痛苦和侵入性记忆。尽管对最初的编码有相当大的关注，但创伤事件后的记忆过程对于促进复原力、自然恢复和治疗恢复可能同样重要，如果不是更重要的话。在创伤后应激的动态社会检索理论（DSRT）中，持续检索和相关遗忘过程塑造了创伤记忆的变化性质。检索事件的数量在数百，数千，甚至更多，加强了一些记忆痕迹和联系，削弱了其他的。这些检索事件有多种形式，包括与朋友和亲人的对话、社交媒体互动、有意的回忆、自发的想法、有暗示和无暗示的再体验，以及避免创伤提醒。我们认为最初的几天、几周和几个月很重要；通过系统巩固，记忆转变为更一般的、类似于要点的表征，结合了社会/文化图式和一个人的自我观。更好的正规化，与其他相关记忆的分离可以进一步减少与创伤相关的精神病理。临床意义强调了适应性检索在日常生活、社会互动和文化信息传递中的重要性，以及在治疗关系中塑造创伤记忆的长期性和帮助创伤幸存者茁壮成长的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Awareness as a key component of mindfulness reduces psychological stress in adolescents: Evidence from multi-method studies 意识是正念的一个关键组成部分，可以减少青少年的心理压力：来自多方法研究的证据。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104877

Yaoyao Zhang , Xin Liu , Huimin Wu , Mingxin Shi , Cheng Guo

Objective

The components of mindfulness include awareness and acceptance. However, the effects of awareness and acceptance on psychological stress in adolescents remain controversial, and the underlying cognitive processes less attention. Therefore, this study aimed to examine their independent effects, and the relevant cognitive processes.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey study (Study 1, N = 3304, M_age = 15.53 years) employed regression models to examine the relationships between awareness, acceptance, and psychological stress. A randomized controlled trial (Study 2, N = 304, M_age = 15.07 years) was conducted by randomly assigning participants to four groups: an awareness group (MA), an awareness and acceptance group (MA + A), an active control group (AC), and a blank control group (BL). Study 2 aimed to examine the effects of awareness and acceptance on adolescents’ psychological stress. A cross-sectional observational study (Study 3, N = 111, M_age = 16.77 years) was conducted to examine the non-temporal mediating role of attention control.

Results

Study 1 indicated that both awareness and acceptance were negatively associated with psychological stress, with awareness showing a stronger negative relationship. Study 2 showed that adolescents’ psychological stress improved in both the MA and MA + A groups, with the MA group showing a more significant reduction than both the MA + A (d = −0.23) and BL groups (d = −0.56). Study 3 showed that conflict monitoring of attention control played a non-temporal mediating role in the relationship between awareness and psychological stress in adolescents. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the importance of awareness and conflict monitoring in developing mindfulness-based stress reduction programs for adolescents.

目的：正念的组成部分包括意识和接受。然而，认知和接受对青少年心理压力的影响仍然存在争议，潜在的认知过程较少受到关注。因此，本研究旨在检验它们的独立作用，以及相关的认知过程。方法：采用横断面调查研究（study 1, N = 3304，年龄= 15.53岁），采用回归模型检验意识、接受度与心理压力之间的关系。采用随机对照试验（Study 2, N = 304，年龄= 15.07），将参与者随机分为4组：意识组（MA）、意识与接受组（MA + A）、主动对照组（AC）和空白对照组（BL）。研究二旨在探讨认知和接受对青少年心理压力的影响。本研究采用横断面观察性研究（study 3, N = 111, Mage = 16.77 years）来检验注意控制的非时间中介作用。结果：研究1表明，认知和接受与心理压力均呈负相关，其中认知负相关更强。研究2显示，MA组和MA + A组青少年的心理压力均有改善，其中MA组比MA + A组（d = -0.23）和BL组（d = -0.56）有更显著的降低。研究3表明，注意控制的冲突监测在青少年意识与心理压力的关系中起非时间中介作用。结论：本研究强调了意识和冲突监测在发展以正念为基础的青少年减压项目中的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Using the death/suicide implicit association task to prospectively predict near-term suicidal behavior in high-risk veterans 使用死亡/自杀内隐关联任务前瞻性预测高风险退伍军人近期自杀行为。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104874

Megan S. Chesin , Alejandro Interian , Vibha Reddy , Arlene King , Kayla Maloney , Rachael Miller , Rokas Perskaudas , Kailyn Rodriguez , Lauren St Hill , John Keilp , Catherine E. Myers

The 90-day period after a suicide attempt or hospitalization for suicidal behavior is a period of increased risk for psychiatric patients. However, predicting who among patients at suicide risk will engage in suicidal behavior in this window remains an elusive task. Neurocognitive task performance, such as performance on the Death/Suicide Implicit Association Task (D/S IAT), shows some promise for aiding in the prediction of suicidal behavior beyond risk factors routinely assessed in clinical practice, such as self-reported suicidal ideation. This study considered whether performance on the D/S IAT could prospectively predict suicidal behavior within a 90-day window. Sixty Veterans at high risk for suicide completed the D/S IAT at multiple timepoints over a one-year period. Each testing session was then coded according to whether the participant displayed suicidal behavior within 90 days following that testing session. As a secondary aim, drift diffusion modeling (DDM) was used to estimate latent cognitive processes mediating D/S IAT performance, including decisional efficiency. Two applications of the Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) method were used to evaluate the incremental utility of (1) D/S IAT performance and (2) DDM-derived latent variables on predicting 90-day suicidal behavior over standard suicide risk factors including suicide attempt history, major depressive or bipolar disorder, and suicidal ideation at the time of testing. Age was also included in the models given the impact of age on reaction times and thus D/S IAT performance. The odds of 90-day suicidal behavior were significantly increased as implicit bias linking the self-concept to the concept of life as opposed to death weakened. The latent cognitive process of reduced decisional efficiency towards categorizing the concept of life relative to death as “like me” predicted 90-day suicidal behavior. D/S IAT performance may add to near-term suicidal behavior prediction. Reduced decisional efficiency is emerging as a general cognitive factor implicated in suicidal behavior.

自杀未遂或因自杀行为住院治疗后的90天是精神病患者风险增加的时期。然而，预测有自杀风险的患者中谁会在这段时间内做出自杀行为仍然是一项难以捉摸的任务。神经认知任务表现，如在死亡/自杀内隐联想任务（D/S IAT）中的表现，显示出在临床实践中常规评估的风险因素（如自我报告的自杀意念）之外，帮助预测自杀行为的一些希望。本研究考虑了D/S IAT的表现是否可以在90天内预测自杀行为。60名自杀风险高的退伍军人在一年的时间里在多个时间点完成了D/S IAT测试。然后根据参与者在测试后90天内是否表现出自杀行为，对每个测试阶段进行编码。作为次要目的，漂移扩散模型（DDM）被用来估计潜在的认知过程介导的D/S IAT性能，包括决策效率。采用广义估计方程（GEE）方法的两种应用来评估(1)D/S IAT性能和(2)ddm衍生的潜在变量对预测90天自杀行为的增量效用，这些潜在变量高于标准自杀危险因素，包括自杀企图史、重度抑郁症或双相情感障碍，以及在测试时的自杀意念。考虑到年龄对反应时间和D/S IAT性能的影响，年龄也被包括在模型中。随着将自我概念与生命概念相联系的内隐偏见减弱，90天内自杀行为的几率显著增加。将生命概念与死亡分类为“像我一样”的决策效率降低的潜在认知过程预测了90天内的自杀行为。D/S IAT表现可能会增加近期自杀行为的预测。决策效率降低是一个普遍的认知因素，与自杀行为有关。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of state anxiety on jumping-to-conclusions bias in social anxiety: An experimental and computational modelling study 状态焦虑对社交焦虑中跳脱结论偏见的影响：一项实验和计算模型研究

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104859

Nicole Tan , Yiyun Shou , Junwen Chen , Bruce K. Christensen

Research indicates that the tendency to make hasty decisions based on minimal information, also known as the Jumping-to-Conclusions bias, may be linked to social anxiety and could be exacerbated under high state anxiety, but this relationship is inconclusive due to a lack of consistent findings. The present study applied a Bayesian computational modelling approach alongside frequentist hypothesis testing to investigate the relationships between trait and state social anxiety and the Jumping-to-Conclusions bias across various beads tasks. An online experimental study involving 131 participants experiencing subclinical social anxiety revealed that higher trait social anxiety significantly attenuated one's belief updating in neutral situations when exposed to a state social anxiety induction. Conversely, higher trait social anxiety significantly increased belief updating about one's social performance, but this depended on the state social anxiety induction. No significant associations were found between trait and state social anxiety and observed dependent variables measured in the beads tasks. The implications are explored.

研究表明，基于极少信息仓促做出决定的倾向，也被称为“草率下结论偏见”，可能与社交焦虑有关，并且在高度焦虑状态下可能会加剧，但由于缺乏一致的研究结果，这种关系尚无定论。本研究采用贝叶斯计算建模方法和频率假设检验来研究特质和状态社交焦虑以及在各种珠子任务中直接得出结论的偏见之间的关系。一项涉及131名经历亚临床社交焦虑的参与者的在线实验研究表明，当暴露于状态社交焦虑诱导时，高特质社交焦虑显著减弱了一个人在中性情境下的信念更新。相反，高特质社交焦虑显著提高了个体对社会绩效的信念更新，但这取决于状态社交焦虑的诱导。在珠子任务中，特质和状态社会焦虑和观察到的因变量之间没有发现显著的关联。本文对其影响进行了探讨。

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引用次数: 0

The combination of physical exercise and slow-paced breathing on psychophysiological indices of emotion reactivity, psychosocial stress reactivity and recovery: A multimodal investigation 体育锻炼与慢节奏呼吸相结合对情绪反应、社会心理应激反应和恢复等心理生理指标的影响：一项多模式调查。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104852

Emmanuelle Schoonjans , Zefeng Li , Jens Allaert , Evi Wezenbeek , Pieter Van den Berghe , Simon Helleputte , Stefanie De Smet , Rudi De Raedt , Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt

Stress is a major public health problem calling for scalable interventions. Physical activity (PA) and slow-paced breathing (SPB) can reduce stress, both by modulating cardiac parasympathetic activity. Given their shared target but different mechanisms, combining SPB and PA could enhance their stress-reducing effects. This study therefore explores whether SPB (vs control breathing at a faster rate) after PA increases the impact of PA on psychophysiological indices of emotional reactivity and psychosocial stress reactivity and recovery. In a crossover randomized design, 77 healthy volunteers completed twice a baseline, a bout of PA (at a personalized intensity), 3 × 5 min of breathing (SPB at 5,5 or control breathing at 15 breaths per minute), an emotional reactivity task with negative versus neutral images, a psychosocial stress task and a recovery phase. We measured psychophysiological indices of stress (i.e., heart rate, vmHRV, skin conductance, blood pressure, pupil dilation as well as self-reported stress and mood indices, rumination and coping strategy). Compared to control breathing, SPB decreased worry and made the difference between cardiac reactivities to negative and neutral images lower (as measured through interbeat intervals [IBI]). No effects on other psychophysiological indices of stress were found. Our results are the first to emphasize the potential of combining PA and SPB to reduce worrying and attenuated cardiovascular reactivity to emotional valence. However, the lack of effects on other stress indices indicates the need for future research to explore its broader applicability as a stress management technique.

压力是一个重大的公共卫生问题，需要采取可扩展的干预措施。体育活动（PA）和慢节奏呼吸（SPB）可以通过调节心脏副交感神经活动来减轻压力。鉴于它们的作用靶点相同但作用机制不同，SPB和PA联合使用可以增强它们的减压效果。因此，本研究探讨了PA后的SPB（与以更快的速度控制呼吸相比）是否会增加PA对情绪反应性和社会心理应激反应性和恢复的心理生理指标的影响。在交叉随机设计中，77名健康志愿者完成了两次基线，一次PA（以个性化强度），3 × 5分钟呼吸（SPB为5,5或控制呼吸，每分钟15次呼吸），负面和中性图像的情绪反应任务，心理社会压力任务和恢复阶段。我们测量了压力的心理生理指标（即心率、vmHRV、皮肤电导、血压、瞳孔扩张以及自我报告的压力和情绪指数、反刍和应对策略）。与控制呼吸相比，SPB减少了焦虑，并使心脏对阴性和中性图像的反应性差异更小（通过心跳间隔[IBI]测量）。应激对其他心理生理指标无影响。我们的研究结果首次强调了PA和SPB结合的潜力，以减少担忧和减弱心血管对情绪效价的反应。然而，对其他应力指标的影响不足，表明需要进一步研究以探索其作为应力管理技术的更广泛适用性。

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引用次数: 0

Results from a randomized controlled trial testing theory-driven enhancements – Growth mindsets and message framing -- to a brief CBT text-message invention for co-occurring PTSD symptoms and alcohol misuse 一项随机对照试验的结果测试了理论驱动的增强——成长心态和信息框架——到一项简短的CBT短信发明，用于同时发生的PTSD症状和酒精滥用

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104883

Kristen P. Lindgren , Emily R. Dworkin , Ty T. Tristao , Brian H. Calhoun , Mai L. Pham , Debra L. Kaysen , Isaac C. Rhew , Michele A. Bedard-Gilligan

This paper describes the primary outcomes from a registered randomized clinical trial (RCT; NCT05372042) evaluating a brief, self-directed cognitive behavioral therapy-based (CBT) text message intervention for individuals with PTSD symptoms and co-occurring alcohol misuse (PTSD + AM). The trial aimed to refine the intervention by testing whether evidence-based techniques from cognitive psychology (message framing) and social psychology (growth mindsets) increased intervention efficacy. A combination of messages that highlighted using skills to avoid future losses (vs. for future gains vs. no framing) and that sought to facilitate a mindset that challenges setbacks and encourages growth opportunities (vs. a simple reminder to use skills) was predicted to increase efficacy. The trial had a three (framing: loss vs. gain vs. no framing) x two (mindset: growth vs. simple reminder) factorial design. A series of a priori decision rules was created to identify the most efficacious and simplest condition. A sample of 505 adults from Washington State was recruited (71 % female, 20 % male, 9 % identified as another gender). Trauma exposure, PTSD symptoms, AM, and other mental health concerns were assessed. The 4-week intervention had follow-ups at post-intervention, 1-month, and 3-months, with excellent retention (89+%). Participants’ PTSD symptoms and AM improved across all conditions with large effect sizes. Decision rule implementation indicated the selection of the loss framing and growth mindset condition. This condition will be tested in a subsequent RCT with longer-term follow-up. It is expected to yield an additional, effective brief treatment option for individuals with PTSD + AM—a high risk population facing multiple treatment barriers.

本文描述了一项注册的随机临床试验（RCT; NCT05372042）的主要结果，该试验评估了一种简短的、基于自我导向的认知行为疗法（CBT）的短信干预，用于治疗PTSD症状并伴有酒精滥用（PTSD + AM）的个体。该试验旨在通过测试认知心理学（信息框架）和社会心理学（成长心态）的循证技术是否能提高干预效果，从而改进干预措施。强调使用技能来避免未来损失（vs.为了未来的收益vs.没有框架）和寻求促进挑战挫折和鼓励增长机会的心态（vs.简单提醒使用技能）的信息组合预计会提高效率。该试验采用三因子设计（框架：损失vs.收益vs.无框架）x二因子设计（心态：成长vs.简单提醒）。建立了一系列先验决策规则，以确定最有效和最简单的条件。从华盛顿州招募了505名成年人（71%为女性，20%为男性，9%为其他性别）。评估了创伤暴露、PTSD症状、AM和其他心理健康问题。干预4周后分别随访干预后、1个月和3个月，保留率89%以上。在所有条件下，参与者的创伤后应激障碍症状和AM都得到了改善，效果显著。决策规则的实施表现为损失框架和成长心态条件的选择。这种情况将在随后的长期随访的随机对照试验中进行测试。它有望为PTSD + am患者提供一种额外的、有效的短期治疗选择——这是一种面临多重治疗障碍的高风险人群。

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引用次数: 0

When emotions persist: Emotional inertia predicts adolescent depression amid COVID-19 stress 当情绪持续时：情绪惯性预测青少年在COVID-19压力下的抑郁

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104885

Sihan Liu , Jianjie Xu , Wisteria Deng , Anan Feng , Jutta Joormann , Reuma Gadassi-Polack

Emotional inertia—the extent to which emotional states persist over time—has been identified as a risk factor for depression. However, longitudinal evidence from real-world chronic stress remains limited. Leveraging the COVID-19 pandemic as a naturalistic stressor, this study examined: (a) how emotional inertia changed across distinct phases of the pandemic, and (b) how changes in positive versus negative emotional inertia related to depression risk. A total of 140 adolescents (M_age = 11.91, 47.9 % girls) completed ecological momentary assessments across three stress phases: pre-pandemic (one year before pandemic onset), acute pandemic, and chronic pandemic (one year after pandemic onset), yielding 7465 observations. Hypotheses and data analyses were preregistered. Latent change score modeling showed that both positive and negative emotional inertia increased from pre-pandemic to acute pandemic, then decreased from acute to chronic pandemic. However, positive and negative emotional inertia showed distinct associations with depressive symptoms. Increases in positive emotional inertia associated with fewer depressive symptoms at Wave 3, whereas increases in negative emotional inertia associated with more depressive symptoms at Wave 3. These associations remained significant even after controlling for baseline (Wave 1) depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that persistent negative emotions may amplify vulnerability, while stable positive emotions confer resilience in the face of stress. Emotional inertia may thus serve as a key marker of stress reactivity and an early intervention target for youth mental health.

情绪惯性——情绪状态持续一段时间的程度——已被确定为抑郁症的一个风险因素。然而，来自现实世界慢性压力的纵向证据仍然有限。本研究利用COVID-19大流行作为自然压力源，研究了：(a)情绪惯性在大流行的不同阶段如何变化，以及(b)积极和消极情绪惯性的变化如何与抑郁风险相关。共有140名青少年（年龄为11.91，其中47.9%为女孩）完成了三个应激阶段的生态瞬时评估：大流行前（大流行发病前一年）、急性大流行和慢性大流行（大流行发病后一年），得出7465项观察结果。假设和数据分析是预先登记的。潜在变化评分模型显示，从大流行前到急性大流行，积极和消极情绪惯性均呈上升趋势，从急性大流行到慢性大流行均呈下降趋势。然而，积极和消极的情绪惯性与抑郁症状有明显的联系。在第三波中，积极情绪惯性的增加与抑郁症状的减少有关，而在第三波中，消极情绪惯性的增加与抑郁症状的增加有关。即使在控制了基线（第一波）抑郁症状后，这些关联仍然显著。这些发现表明，持续的负面情绪可能会放大脆弱性，而稳定的积极情绪会在面对压力时赋予弹性。因此，情绪惯性可能是应激反应的关键标志，也是青少年心理健康的早期干预目标。

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引用次数: 0

Extinction, avoidance, and generalization: Fear learning processes and their relations with anxious and depressive traits 消退、回避和泛化：恐惧学习过程及其与焦虑和抑郁特征的关系

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104841

Lu Leng , Tom Beckers , Bram Vervliet

Research shows anxious individuals exhibit slower extinction (EXT), more avoidance (AVO), and broader generalization (GEN) in Pavlovian fear conditioning, potentially contributing to maladaptive anxiety (chronic, avoidant, overgeneralized). However, studies typically focused on one of these processes, it remains unclear (1) whether the deficits in each process reflect separate or the same vulnerability factors; (2) whether deficits in any of these processes is more detrimental; (3) whether deficits in these processes cluster into distinct profiles that form an unique detrimental factor. Additionally, despite the high comorbidity rate with anxiety, the role of depression in these processes is surprisingly understudied. The current study tested EXT-AVO-GEN processes in the same individuals measuring both anxiety and depressive traits. To avoid the arbitrary selection of any indices for EXT-AVO-GEN processes, multiple index operationalizations were employed to ensure robust findings. Results showed small to no correlations, both among EXT-AVO-GEN processes and their correlations with personality characteristics. Cluster analysis identified no distinct profiles, and if such profiles were nonetheless forced to emerge, they were not associated with the anxious or depressive traits. According to these findings, EXT-AVO-GEN are likely to be independent processes and their deficits seem to have different underlying drivers. Therefore, studying EXT-AVO-GEN processes in combination may not offer additional comprehension about pathological fear development. Linear mixed-effects models, however, revealed stronger correlations between EXT-AVO-GEN and anxiety/depression, suggesting that they may be more sensitive in detecting individual differences compared to indices, as they capture trial-by-trial dynamics, which indices often fail to fully account for.

研究表明，焦虑个体在巴甫洛夫恐惧条件反射中表现出较慢的消退（EXT）、更多的回避（AVO）和更广泛的泛化（GEN），这可能导致适应不良焦虑（慢性、回避型、过度泛化）。然而，研究通常集中在这些过程中的一个，目前尚不清楚(1)每个过程中的缺陷是否反映了单独或相同的脆弱性因素；(2)这些过程中的缺陷是否更有害；(3)这些过程中的缺陷是否聚集成不同的轮廓，形成独特的有害因素。此外，尽管焦虑的合并症发生率很高，但令人惊讶的是，抑郁在这些过程中的作用尚未得到充分研究。目前的研究测试了同一个人的ext - avoo - gen过程，同时测量了焦虑和抑郁特征。为了避免任意选择EXT-AVO-GEN过程的任何指标，采用了多个指标操作化来确保稳健的结果。结果显示，EXT-AVO-GEN过程及其与人格特征的相关性很小或没有相关性。聚类分析没有发现明显的特征，即使这些特征是被迫出现的，它们也与焦虑或抑郁特征无关。根据这些发现，EXT-AVO-GEN可能是独立的过程，它们的缺陷似乎有不同的潜在驱动因素。因此，联合研究EXT-AVO-GEN过程可能无法提供对病理性恐惧发展的额外理解。然而，线性混合效应模型揭示了ext - avoo - gen与焦虑/抑郁之间更强的相关性，这表明与指数相比，它们在检测个体差异方面可能更敏感，因为它们捕获了逐个试验的动态，而指数通常无法完全解释这一点。

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引用次数: 0

Unpaired unconditional stimuli during fear extinction at full and reduced intensity reduce re-acquisition 在恐惧完全消退和强度降低时，非配对无条件刺激会减少再习得

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104846

Ottmar V. Lipp , Luke J. Ney , Camilla C. Luck , Allison M. Waters , Michelle G. Craske

Presenting unpaired unconditional stimuli (US) during extinction has been shown to reduce the contextual renewal of conditional fear and to slow re-acquisition. The present study investigated whether this reduced return of fear is also observed if the intensity of the US presented during extinction is lower than that presented during acquisition. Three groups of participants (N = 121) were trained in a differential fear conditioning procedure that employed habituation, acquisition, extinction, renewal test, and re-acquisition phases. To induce renewal, the context was changed during extinction training in an ABA design. Group Standard received no US presentations during extinction training whereas group Unpaired received five unpaired USs during extinction at the physical intensity used during acquisition. The intensity of the unpaired USs was halved in group Reduced. Electrodermal responses in the three groups did not differ during habituation, acquisition, extinction or the renewal test where no renewal was observed in any group. However, significant differential electrodermal responses were observed on the first block of re-acquisition training after standard extinction, but not after unpaired extinction regardless of US intensity. This suggests that unpaired US presentations can strengthen extinction learning even if presented at a reduced intensity. This finding opens the possibility of translating the unpaired US extinction approach into applied settings.

在灭绝期间呈现不配对的无条件刺激（US）已被证明可以减少条件恐惧的情境更新并减缓重新获得。本研究调查了如果在消失期间呈现的美国强度低于在获得期间呈现的强度，是否也会观察到这种减少的恐惧回归。三组参与者（N = 121）接受了不同恐惧条件反射程序的训练，包括习惯化、习得、消退、更新测试和再习得阶段。为了诱导更新，在ABA设计中，在消光训练期间改变上下文。标准组在消光训练期间没有接受任何美国演示，而未配对组在消光训练期间以习得期间使用的物理强度接受了5个未配对的美国演示。未配对的USs强度在减少组减半。在习惯化、获得、消失或更新测试中，三组的皮肤电反应没有差异，在任何组中都没有观察到更新。然而，在标准消失后的第一个区域观察到显著差异的皮肤电反应，而在非配对消失后，无论美国强度如何，都没有观察到显著差异。这表明，即使以较低的强度呈现，未配对的美国呈现也能加强消退学习。这一发现开启了将非配对美国灭绝方法转化为应用环境的可能性。

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引用次数: 0