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Repeated exposure to body-related memories in women with high body-related self-disgust: Impact on disgust, avoidance, and acceptance 身体相关记忆对身体相关自我厌恶程度高的女性的重复暴露:对厌恶、回避和接受的影响
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104496
Paula von Spreckelsen , Ineke Wessel , Klaske A. Glashouwer , Peter J. de Jong

Disgust-based body image concerns can bias autobiographical memory towards the recall and avoidant processing of disgust-related memories of the own body. Repeated exposure to such memories may help breaking avoidance and promote the habituation of disgust, thereby lowering body concerns. Using a pre-post within-participant experimental design, we tested if repeatedly exposing women with high self-disgust (N = 61) to disgust-focused body memories vs. neutral memories led to changes in disgust, body acceptance, and reactive avoidance. Contrary to expectations, state disgust towards the body itself only decreased following exposure to neutral memories. Yet, disgust elicited by body-related memories decreased following both repeated exposure to neutral and body memories. Although acceptance was not found to significantly change in either exposure session, pre-post decreases in state disgust were associated with increases in acceptance following the disgust-focused exposure. In contrast to expectations, reactive avoidance increased from pre to post in the disgust-focused exposure. Overall, the results indicate that repeated exposure to disgust-focused body memories may help reduce disgust elicited by these memories and promote body acceptance. Yet, the effect of this repeated exposure to body memories did not extend to changing state disgust towards the body, possibly due to reactive avoidance.

基于厌恶的身体形象担忧会使自传体记忆偏向于回忆和回避处理与自身身体厌恶相关的记忆。反复接触这类记忆可能有助于打破回避,促进厌恶的习惯化,从而降低对身体的担忧。我们采用了前后期参与者内实验设计,测试了让自我厌恶程度高的女性(61 人)反复接触以厌恶为重点的身体记忆与中性记忆是否会导致厌恶、身体接受度和反应性回避的变化。与预期相反的是,在接触中性记忆后,对身体本身的厌恶状态只会降低。然而,在反复接触中性记忆和身体记忆后,身体相关记忆引起的厌恶感都会降低。虽然在这两个暴露环节中,接受度都没有发生显著变化,但在以厌恶为重点的暴露后,状态厌恶感的降低与接受度的提高相关联。与预期不同的是,在以厌恶为重点的暴露中,反应性回避从暴露前到暴露后都有所增加。总之,研究结果表明,重复暴露于以厌恶为焦点的身体记忆可能有助于减少由这些记忆引起的厌恶感,并促进对身体的接受。然而,这种重复暴露于身体记忆的效果并没有扩展到改变对身体的厌恶状态,这可能是由于反应性回避造成的。
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引用次数: 0
When does imagery rescripting become a double-edged sword? - Investigating the risk of memory distortion through imagery rescripting in an online Trauma film study 意象重描何时成为双刃剑?- 调查在线创伤电影研究中通过意象重写造成记忆失真的风险
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104495
Milena Aleksic, Alexander Reineck, Thomas Ehring, Larissa Wolkenstein

Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) has proven effective in reducing involuntary emotional memories. However, it is unclear whether and when it may lead to reduced accuracy of voluntary memory. Although previous analogue studies suggest that ImRs does not pose a general risk regarding memory distortion, it can not be ruled out that ImRs could cause memory impairment under certain risk conditions. In our three-day online trauma film study we investigated in a healthy sample (N = 267) whether specific instructions during ImRs as typically provided in clinical practice (i.e., detailed imagery with a sensory focus) increase the risk of memory distortions. Additionally, we examined whether the completeness of the original memory moderates these instruction effects. Contrary to our expectations, a sensory focus during ImRs was associated with higher memory accuracy in a recognition task, independently of the quality of the original memory. These results extend previous findings by suggesting that ImRs does not even impair memory performance when the quality of the original memory is poor and when the production of sensory-rich images is specifically encouraged. Our results question current practices employed to assess witness statement credibility, which are partly based on concerns that trauma-focused interventions like ImRs undermine memory accuracy.

事实证明,意象重写(ImRs)能有效减少非自愿的情绪记忆。然而,它是否会导致自愿记忆的准确性降低,以及何时降低,目前尚不清楚。尽管之前的模拟研究表明,意象重描不会对记忆失真造成普遍风险,但不能排除在某些风险条件下,意象重描可能会导致记忆受损。在为期三天的在线创伤影片研究中,我们以健康样本(N = 267)为研究对象,调查了临床实践中通常在 ImRs 过程中提供的特定指令(即以感官为重点的详细想象)是否会增加记忆失真的风险。此外,我们还研究了原始记忆的完整性是否会调节这些指令效应。与我们的预期相反,在 ImRs 中,感官焦点与识别任务中更高的记忆准确性相关,而与原始记忆的质量无关。这些结果扩展了之前的研究结果,表明当原始记忆质量较差,并且特别鼓励制作感官丰富的图像时,ImRs 甚至不会损害记忆表现。我们的研究结果对目前评估证人陈述可信度的做法提出了质疑,这种做法的部分原因是担心以创伤为重点的干预措施(如 ImRs)会破坏记忆的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Continuous theta burst stimulation to dorsomedial prefrontal cortex in young adults with depression: Changes in resting frontostriatal functional connectivity relevant to positive mood 对抑郁症青壮年背内侧前额叶皮层进行连续θ脉冲刺激:与积极情绪相关的静息前额叶功能连接的变化
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104493
Tina Gupta , Helmet T. Karim , Neil P. Jones , Fabio Ferrarelli , Melissa Nance , Stephan F. Taylor , David Rogers , Ashley M. Pogue , T.H. Stanley Seah , Mary L. Phillips , Neal D. Ryan , Erika E. Forbes

Depression is associated with diminished positive affect (PA), postulated to reflect frontostriatal reward circuitry disruptions. Depression has consistently been associated with higher dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) activation, a region that regulates PA through ventral striatum (VS) connections. Low PA in depression may reflect dmPFC's aberrant functional connectivity (FC) with the VS. To test this, we applied theta burst stimulation (TBS) to dmPFC in 29 adults with depression (79% female, Mage = 21.4, SD = 2.04). Using a randomized, counterbalanced design, we administered 3 types of TBS at different sessions: intermittent (iTBS; potentiating), continuous (cTBS; depotentiating), and sham TBS (control). We used neuronavigation to target personalized dmPFC targets based on VS-dmPFC FC. PA and negative affect (NA), and resting-state fMRI were collected pre- and post-TBS. We found no changes in PA or NA with time (pre/post), condition (iTBS, cTBS, sham), or their interaction. Functional connectivity (FC) between the nucleus accumbens and dmPFC showed a significant condition (cTBS, iTBS, and sham) by time (pre-vs. post-TBS) interaction, and post-hoc testing showed decreased pre-to post-TBS for cTBS but not iTBS or sham. For cTBS only, reduced FC pre/post stimulation was associated with increased PA (but not NA). Our findings lend support to the proposed mechanistic model of aberrant FC between the dmPFC and VS in depression and suggest a way forward for treating depression in young adults. Future studies need to evaluate multi-session TBS to test clinical effects.

抑郁症与积极情绪(PA)减弱有关,据推测这反映了前额纹状体奖赏回路的紊乱。抑郁症一直与背内侧前额叶皮层(dmPFC)激活程度较高有关,而该区域通过腹侧纹状体(VS)连接来调节 PA。抑郁症患者的低PA可能反映了dmPFC与VS功能连接(FC)的异常。为了验证这一点,我们对 29 名成年抑郁症患者(79% 为女性,年龄 = 21.4,SD = 2.04)的 dmPFC 施加了 Theta 脉冲串刺激(TBS)。我们采用随机、平衡的设计,在不同的疗程中施用了三种类型的 TBS:间歇性(iTBS;增效)、持续性(cTBS;去势)和假 TBS(对照)。我们使用神经导航技术,根据 VS-dmPFC FC 靶向个性化的 dmPFC 靶点。我们收集了TBS前后的PA和负性情绪(NA)以及静息态fMRI。我们发现 PA 或 NA 没有随时间(前/后)、条件(iTBS、cTBS、假)或它们之间的相互作用而发生变化。伏隔核和大脑前交叉韧带之间的功能连接(FC)显示出显著的条件(cTBS、iTBS和假体)与时间(TBS前与TBS后)的交互作用,事后测试显示,cTBS的TBS前与TBS后功能连接减少,而iTBS或假体则没有。仅对 cTBS 而言,刺激前/后 FC 的降低与 PA(而非 NA)的增加有关。我们的研究结果支持了所提出的抑郁症患者大脑前交叉功能区(dmPFC)和大脑后交叉功能区(VS)之间FC异常的机理模型,并为治疗青壮年抑郁症提供了一种思路。未来的研究需要评估多疗程TBS以检验临床效果。
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引用次数: 0
Mindfulness-induced self-transcendence promotes universal love with consequent effects on opioid misuse 正念诱导的自我超越促进博爱,从而对阿片类药物滥用产生影响
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104494
Eric L. Garland , Thupten Jinpa

In addition to its health benefits, mindfulness has been theorized in classical contemplative frameworks to elicit self-transcendent experiences as a means of promoting universal love and compassion. Increasing feelings of love may be especially clinically relevant for the treatment of opioid misuse, in that addictive use of opioids dysregulates neurobiological processes implicated in the experience of love. Here we tested these hypotheses in a secondary analysis (n = 187) of data from a randomized clinical trial of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE) versus supportive psychotherapy for comorbid opioid misuse and chronic pain. At pre- and post-treatment, participants completed a measure of state self-transcendence immediately following a laboratory-based mindfulness task. Through 9-month follow-up, we assessed changes in universal love and opioid misuse. Participants also completed ecological momentary assessments of opioid craving during the 8-week study interventions and for the following month. Compared to supportive psychotherapy, participants in MORE reported significantly greater increases in mindfulness-induced self-transcendence, which mediated the effect of MORE on increased feelings of universal love. In turn, increases in universal love significantly predicted decreased opioid craving and lower odds opioid misuse through 1- and 9-month follow-ups, respectively. Findings suggest mindfulness-induced self-transcendence may promote feelings of universal love, with possible downstream benefits on reducing addictive behavior.

除了对健康有益之外,正念在经典的沉思框架中被理论化为一种促进博爱和同情的手段,能够引发自我超越的体验。增加爱的感受可能与阿片类药物滥用的临床治疗特别相关,因为阿片类药物的成瘾性使用会导致与爱的体验有关的神经生物学过程失调。在此,我们对一项随机临床试验的数据进行了二次分析(n = 187),该试验采用了 "以正念为导向的康复增强疗法"(MORE)与支持性心理疗法相结合的方法来治疗阿片类药物滥用和慢性疼痛,并在此基础上对上述假设进行了验证。在治疗前和治疗后,参与者在完成一项基于实验室的正念任务后立即完成一项自我超越状态测量。通过 9 个月的随访,我们评估了博爱和阿片类药物滥用的变化。在为期8周的研究干预期间和接下来的一个月里,参与者还完成了阿片类药物渴求的生态瞬间评估。与支持性心理疗法相比,MORE疗法的参与者在正念诱导的自我超越方面有显著提高,而正念诱导的自我超越对MORE疗法提高博爱情感的效果起到了中介作用。反过来,在1个月和9个月的随访中,博爱情感的增加又分别显著预测了阿片类药物渴求的减少和阿片类药物滥用几率的降低。研究结果表明,正念诱导的自我超越可能会促进博爱情感,并可能对减少成瘾行为带来下游益处。
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引用次数: 0
The working mechanisms of imagery rescripting and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Findings from a randomised controlled trial 意象重描和眼动脱敏及再处理的工作机制:随机对照试验的结果
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104492
Sophie A. Rameckers , Arnold A.P. van Emmerik , Katrina Boterhoven de Haan , Margriet Kousemaker , Eva Fassbinder , Christopher W. Lee , Mariel Meewisse , Simone Menninga , Marleen Rijkeboer , Anja Schaich , Arnoud Arntz

We studied the mechanisms of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and imagery rescripting (ImRs). We hypothesized that EMDR works via changes in memory vividness, that ImRs works via changes in encapsulated beliefs (EB), and that both treatments work via changes in memory distress. Patients (N = 155) with childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder (Ch-PTSD) received 12 sessions of EMDR or ImRs. The vividness, distress, and EB related to the index trauma were measured with the Imagery Interview. PTSD severity was assessed with the Impact of Events Scale-Revised and the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5. We conducted mixed regressions and Granger causality analyses. EMDR led to initially stronger changes in all predictors, but only for distress this was retained until the last assessment. No evidence for vividness as a predictive variable was found. However, changes in distress and EB predicted changes in PTSD severity during ImRs. These findings partially support the hypothesized mechanisms of ImRs, while no support was found for the hypothesized mechanisms of EMDR. Differences in the timing of addressing the index trauma during treatment and the timing of assessments could have influenced the findings. This study provides insight into the relative effectiveness and working mechanisms of these treatments.

我们研究了眼动脱敏和再处理疗法(EMDR)和意象重写疗法(ImRs)的机制。我们假设,EMDR 通过改变记忆的生动性发挥作用,ImRs 通过改变封装信念(EB)发挥作用,而这两种疗法都通过改变记忆困扰发挥作用。童年相关创伤后应激障碍(Ch-PTSD)患者(155 人)接受了 12 次 EMDR 或 ImRs 治疗。通过意象访谈(Imagery Interview)测量了与指数创伤相关的生动性、痛苦和EB。创伤后应激障碍严重程度通过事件影响量表修订版和 DSM-5 临床医师管理创伤后应激障碍量表进行评估。我们进行了混合回归和格兰杰因果关系分析。最初,EMDR 在所有预测因子方面都带来了更强的变化,但只有在痛苦方面,这种变化一直持续到最后一次评估。没有证据表明生动性是一个预测变量。然而,在 ImRs 中,痛苦和 EB 的变化预测了创伤后应激障碍严重程度的变化。这些发现部分支持了 ImRs 的假设机制,而 EMDR 的假设机制则没有得到支持。治疗过程中处理指数创伤的时间以及评估时间的不同可能会影响研究结果。本研究为了解这些治疗方法的相对有效性和工作机制提供了启示。
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引用次数: 0
When does imagery rescripting become a double-edged sword? - Investigating the risk of memory distortion through imagery rescripting in an online Trauma film study 意象重描何时成为双刃剑?- 调查在线创伤电影研究中通过意象重写造成记忆失真的风险
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104495
Milena Aleksic, Alexander Reineck, Thomas Ehring, Larissa Wolkenstein
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Targeting positive valence systems function in children of mothers with depressive symptoms: A pilot randomized trial of an RDoC-informed preventive intervention” [Behav. Res. Ther. 168 (September 2023) 104-384] 针对有抑郁症状母亲的子女的正价系统功能:行为研究疗法》(Behav. Res. Ther. 168 (September 2023) 104-384)。
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104465
Katie L. Burkhouse , Anh Dao , Alexandra Argiros , Maria Granros , Emilia Cárdenas , Lindsay Dickey , Cope Feurer , Kaylin Hill , Samantha Pegg , Lisa Venanzi , Autumn Kujawa
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引用次数: 0
Mindfulness-induced self-transcendence promotes universal love with consequent effects on opioid misuse 正念诱导的自我超越促进博爱,从而对阿片类药物滥用产生影响
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104494
Eric L. Garland, Thupten Jinpa
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引用次数: 0
Positive mood induction does not reduce return of fear: A virtual reality exposure study for public speaking anxiety 积极情绪诱导不会减少恐惧感的回归:针对公开演讲焦虑的虚拟现实暴露研究
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104490
Suzanne C. van Veen , Tomislav D. Zbozinek , Eva A.M. van Dis , Iris M. Engelhard , Michelle G. Craske

Previous laboratory work has shown that induction of positive mood prior to fear extinction decreases the negative valence of the conditional stimulus (CS) and reduces reinstatement of fear. Before translating these insights to clinical practice, it is important to test this strategy in anxious individuals. Students with a high fear of public speaking (N = 62) were randomized to either a positive mood induction, a negative mood induction, or no induction control group. All participants performed two weekly sessions of virtual reality exposure and a 1-week follow-up test including a spontaneous recovery test and reinstatement test after a social rejection (unconditional stimulus). We used self-reported fear measures and skin conductance responses. We expected that the positive group, compared to the other groups, would evaluate the CS (i.e., speaking in front of an audience) as less negative following exposure and would show less spontaneous recovery and reinstatement of fear following a social rejection. Although mood was successfully manipulated, there were no group differences in CS valence following exposure. In all conditions, VR exposure successfully reduced public speaking fear, and these effects were stable at follow-up. In contrast with expectations, the positive group showed more spontaneous recovery of CS negative valence than the negative group. To conclude, we found no evidence that positive mood induction prior to exposure optimizes exposure effects for anxious individuals.

先前的实验室工作表明,在恐惧消退之前诱导积极情绪会降低条件刺激(CS)的负效价,并减少恐惧的恢复。在将这些研究成果应用于临床实践之前,有必要在焦虑的个体身上对这一策略进行测试。患有公开演讲恐惧症的学生(62 人)被随机分配到积极情绪诱导组、消极情绪诱导组或无诱导对照组。所有参与者每周进行两次虚拟现实暴露,并进行为期一周的跟踪测试,包括自发恢复测试和社交拒绝(无条件刺激)后的恢复测试。我们使用了自我报告的恐惧测量和皮肤传导反应。我们预计,与其他组相比,积极组在暴露后对 CS(即在观众面前演讲)的负面评价较少,在社交拒绝后表现出的自发恢复和恐惧恢复也较少。虽然成功地操纵了情绪,但暴露后的 CS 价态并无组间差异。在所有条件下,VR 暴露都成功地降低了公众演讲恐惧,而且这些效果在随访中保持稳定。与预期不同的是,积极组比消极组更能自发地恢复 CS 的负面情绪。总之,我们没有发现证据表明,暴露前的积极情绪诱导能优化焦虑者的暴露效果。
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引用次数: 0
Repeated exposure to body-related memories in women with high body-related self-disgust: Impact on disgust, avoidance, and acceptance 身体相关记忆对身体相关自我厌恶程度高的女性的重复暴露:对厌恶、回避和接受的影响
IF 4.1 2区 心理学 Q1 Psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104496
Paula von Spreckelsen, I. Wessel, K. Glashouwer, Peter J. de Jong
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Behaviour Research and Therapy
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