Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104640
Kenny Yu , Tom Beckers , Francis Tuerlinckx , Wolf Vanpaemel , Jonas Zaman
In this study we aimed to investigate gender differences in fear generalization tendencies in humans and, inspired by recent findings in animal research, examine whether any such differences could stem from differences in memory precision. Forty men and forty women underwent a differential fear conditioning procedure using geometric shapes as cues. Subsequently, generalized fear responses were assessed across a spectrum of perceptually similar shapes. Throughout generalization testing, perceptual memory accuracy was repeatedly probed using a stimulus recreation task. Using statistical and computational modeling, we found strong evidence for the absence of gender differences in fear learning and generalization behavior. The evidence for gender differences in related processes such as perception and memory was inconclusive. Although some of our findings hinted at the possibility that women may be more perceptive of physical differences between stimuli and have more accurate memory than men, those observations were not consistently replicated across experimental conditions and analytical approaches. Our results contribute to the emerging literature on gender differences in perceptual fear generalization in humans and underscore the need for further systematic research to explore the interplay between gender and mechanisms associated with fear generalization across different experimental contexts.
{"title":"The assessment of gender differences in perceptual fear generalization and related processes","authors":"Kenny Yu , Tom Beckers , Francis Tuerlinckx , Wolf Vanpaemel , Jonas Zaman","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study we aimed to investigate gender differences in fear generalization tendencies in humans and, inspired by recent findings in animal research, examine whether any such differences could stem from differences in memory precision. Forty men and forty women underwent a differential fear conditioning procedure using geometric shapes as cues. Subsequently, generalized fear responses were assessed across a spectrum of perceptually similar shapes. Throughout generalization testing, perceptual memory accuracy was repeatedly probed using a stimulus recreation task. Using statistical and computational modeling, we found strong evidence for the absence of gender differences in fear learning and generalization behavior. The evidence for gender differences in related processes such as perception and memory was inconclusive. Although some of our findings hinted at the possibility that women may be more perceptive of physical differences between stimuli and have more accurate memory than men, those observations were not consistently replicated across experimental conditions and analytical approaches. Our results contribute to the emerging literature on gender differences in perceptual fear generalization in humans and underscore the need for further systematic research to explore the interplay between gender and mechanisms associated with fear generalization across different experimental contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104640"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142401641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104641
Yafeng Pan , Matteo Sequestro , Armita Golkar , Andreas Olsson
Human touch is a powerful means of social and affective regulation, promoting safety behaviors. Yet, despite its importance across human contexts, it remains unknown how touch can promote the learning of new safety memories and what neural processes underlie such effects. The current study used measures of peripheral physiology and brain activity to examine the effects of interpersonal touch during safety learning (extinction) on the recovery of previously learned threat. We observed that handholding during extinction significantly reduced threat recovery, which was reflected in enhanced prefrontal hemodynamic responses. This effect was absent when learners were instructed to hold a rubber ball, independent of the presence of their partners. Our findings indicate that social touch contributes to safety learning, potentially influencing threat memories via prefrontal circuitry.
{"title":"Handholding reduces the recovery of threat memories and magnifies prefrontal hemodynamic responses","authors":"Yafeng Pan , Matteo Sequestro , Armita Golkar , Andreas Olsson","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human touch is a powerful means of social and affective regulation, promoting safety behaviors. Yet, despite its importance across human contexts, it remains unknown how touch can promote the learning of new safety memories and what neural processes underlie such effects. The current study used measures of peripheral physiology and brain activity to examine the effects of interpersonal touch during safety learning (extinction) on the recovery of previously learned threat. We observed that handholding during extinction significantly reduced threat recovery, which was reflected in enhanced prefrontal hemodynamic responses. This effect was absent when learners were instructed to hold a rubber ball, independent of the presence of their partners. Our findings indicate that social touch contributes to safety learning, potentially influencing threat memories via prefrontal circuitry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104641"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142376155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-29DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104639
Andrew G. Guzick , Sophie C. Schneider , Minjee Kook , Rebecca Greenberg , Amanda Perozo-Garcia , Morgan P. Lee , Jessica Garcia , Ogechi Cynthia Onyeka , David B. Riddle , Eric A. Storch
This study tested two versions of parent-led, Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety among autistic youth; one that provided weekly email support (iCBT-Email), and one that provided alternating bi-weekly emails and video calls (iCBT-Video) across 12 weeks. It was expected that those in the iCBT-Video condition would complete more treatment content, which in turn would lead to more anxiety improvement. Fifty-seven autistic youth (7-15 years-old) with anxiety disorders were randomized to iCBT-Email or iCBT-Video. There were no significant differences in improvement in clinician-rated, child-reported, or parent-reported anxiety severity or functional impairment. Posttreatment response rates were 55% in iCBT-Email and 67% in iCBT-Video. Module completion predicted improved treatment outcome, though there was no difference in module completion across groups. Therapists spent an average of 16.29 min/family/week (SD = 7.11) in the iCBT-Email condition and 24.13 min/family/week (SD = 6.84) in the iCBT-Video condition. Email and telehealth-supported, parent-led iCBT both appear to be effective treatments for autistic youth with anxiety disorders that require reduced therapist effort. Future research should seek novel methods to enhance engagement with iCBT content.
{"title":"Internet-based, parent-led cognitive behavioral therapy for autistic youth with anxiety-related disorders: A randomized trial comparing email vs. telehealth support","authors":"Andrew G. Guzick , Sophie C. Schneider , Minjee Kook , Rebecca Greenberg , Amanda Perozo-Garcia , Morgan P. Lee , Jessica Garcia , Ogechi Cynthia Onyeka , David B. Riddle , Eric A. Storch","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104639","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104639","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study tested two versions of parent-led, Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety among autistic youth; one that provided weekly email support (iCBT-Email), and one that provided alternating bi-weekly emails and video calls (iCBT-Video) across 12 weeks. It was expected that those in the iCBT-Video condition would complete more treatment content, which in turn would lead to more anxiety improvement. Fifty-seven autistic youth (7-15 years-old) with anxiety disorders were randomized to iCBT-Email or iCBT-Video. There were no significant differences in improvement in clinician-rated, child-reported, or parent-reported anxiety severity or functional impairment. Posttreatment response rates were 55% in iCBT-Email and 67% in iCBT-Video. Module completion predicted improved treatment outcome, though there was no difference in module completion across groups. Therapists spent an average of 16.29 min/family/week (<em>SD</em> = 7.11) in the iCBT-Email condition and 24.13 min/family/week (<em>SD</em> = 6.84) in the iCBT-Video condition. Email and telehealth-supported, parent-led iCBT both appear to be effective treatments for autistic youth with anxiety disorders that require reduced therapist effort. Future research should seek novel methods to enhance engagement with iCBT content.</div></div><div><h3>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier</h3><div>NCT05284435.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104639"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142378380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104638
Ronald M. Rapee , Lauren F. McLellan , Talia Carl , Jennifer L. Hudson , Ellen Parker , Nora Trompeter , Viviana M. Wuthrich
Background
Paediatric social anxiety disorder (SoAD) responds poorly to treatment. Improved understanding of potential psychological maintaining processes may indicate fruitful directions to improve treatment outcomes. The current study compared self-reported psychological processes and state anxiety in response to two social tasks experienced by children and adolescents with SoAD against comparison samples.
Methods
641 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years (Mage = 9.45 yr; 47.6% girls) engaged in a brief, impromptu speech and a social discussion with a confederate. Participants included 307 with SoAD, 285 with other mental disorders, and 49 non-clinical controls. Participants who completed each task self-reported their anticipated probability and cost of negative evaluation, self-focused attention, personal evaluation of social performance, and engagement in post-event rumination (assessed 1 h later). Independent raters also scored their social performance. Relationships between the variables were tested through path analysis.
Results
Participants with SoAD were more likely to avoid and reported significantly greater state anxiety than both comparison groups. They also reported higher levels of each of the putative maintaining processes than either comparison group. In contrast, independent observers did not discriminate between groups on their overt social performance. Path analyses demonstrated good fit of a priori models to the data for both social tasks.
Conclusions
Paediatric SoAD is associated with strong expectation of the probability and cost of negative evaluation, excess self-focused attention, and more negative evaluation of one's own social performance. In turn, these putative processes are strong predictors of state anxiety and post-event processing in response to both a speech and social interaction.
背景儿童社交焦虑症（SoAD）的治疗效果不佳。提高对潜在心理维持过程的认识可能会为改善治疗效果指明富有成效的方向。本研究比较了患有 SoAD 的儿童和青少年与对比样本在应对两项社交任务时的自我报告心理过程和状态焦虑。方法641 名 6-17 岁的儿童和青少年（年龄=9.45 岁；47.6% 为女孩）参与了简短的即兴演讲和与同伴的社交讨论。参与者中包括 307 名 SoAD 患者、285 名其他精神障碍患者和 49 名非临床对照组患者。完成每项任务的参与者都会自我报告他们预期的负面评价概率和代价、自我关注、对社交表现的个人评价以及参与事件后反刍（1 小时后评估）的情况。独立评分员也对他们的社会表现进行了评分。通过路径分析对各变量之间的关系进行了测试。结果患有 SoAD 的参与者更有可能回避，而且他们所报告的状态焦虑明显高于两个对比组。他们报告的每一种假定的维持过程的水平也高于任何一个对比组。与此相反，独立观察者并没有在公开社交表现上对不同组别进行区分。路径分析显示，先验模型与两项社交任务的数据拟合良好。结论小儿 SoAD 与对负面评价的概率和代价的强烈预期、过度自我关注以及对自身社交表现的负面评价有关。反过来，这些假定的过程也能有力地预测讲话和社交互动时的状态焦虑和事件后处理。
{"title":"Testing theoretical processes that maintain paediatric social anxiety: A comparison between children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder, other mental disorders, and non-clinical controls","authors":"Ronald M. Rapee , Lauren F. McLellan , Talia Carl , Jennifer L. Hudson , Ellen Parker , Nora Trompeter , Viviana M. Wuthrich","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Paediatric social anxiety disorder (SoAD) responds poorly to treatment. Improved understanding of potential psychological maintaining processes may indicate fruitful directions to improve treatment outcomes. The current study compared self-reported psychological processes and state anxiety in response to two social tasks experienced by children and adolescents with SoAD against comparison samples.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>641 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years (<em>M</em>age = 9.45 yr; 47.6% girls) engaged in a brief, impromptu speech and a social discussion with a confederate. Participants included 307 with SoAD, 285 with other mental disorders, and 49 non-clinical controls. Participants who completed each task self-reported their anticipated probability and cost of negative evaluation, self-focused attention, personal evaluation of social performance, and engagement in post-event rumination (assessed 1 h later). Independent raters also scored their social performance. Relationships between the variables were tested through path analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participants with SoAD were more likely to avoid and reported significantly greater state anxiety than both comparison groups. They also reported higher levels of each of the putative maintaining processes than either comparison group. In contrast, independent observers did not discriminate between groups on their overt social performance. Path analyses demonstrated good fit of a priori models to the data for both social tasks.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Paediatric SoAD is associated with strong expectation of the probability and cost of negative evaluation, excess self-focused attention, and more negative evaluation of one's own social performance. In turn, these putative processes are strong predictors of state anxiety and post-event processing in response to both a speech and social interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104638"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724001657/pdfft?md5=d6e64d85a3e19165cd91b7453411ba09&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724001657-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104637
Catherine E. Myers , Chintan V. Dave , Megan S. Chesin , Brian P. Marx , Lauren M. St. Hill , Vibha Reddy , Rachael B. Miller , Arlene King , Alejandro Interian
Objective
Develop and evaluate a treatment matching algorithm to predict differential treatment response to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for suicide prevention (MBCT-S) versus enhanced treatment-as-usual (eTAU).
Methods
Analyses used data from Veterans at high-risk for suicide assigned to either MBCT-S (n = 71) or eTAU (n = 69) in a randomized clinical trial. Potential predictors (n = 55) included available demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables. Random forest models were used to predict risk of suicidal event (suicidal behaviors, or ideation resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit) within 12 months following randomization, characterize the prediction, and develop a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI).
Results
A slightly better prediction model emerged for MBCT-S (AUC = 0.70) than eTAU (AUC = 0.63). Important outcome predictors for participants in the MBCT-S arm included PTSD diagnosis, decisional efficiency on a neurocognitive task (Go/No-Go), prior-year mental health residential treatment, and non-suicidal self-injury. Significant predictors for participants in the eTAU arm included past-year acute psychiatric hospitalizations, past-year outpatient psychotherapy visits, past-year suicidal ideation severity, and attentional control (indexed by Stroop task). A moderation analysis showed that fewer suicidal events occurred among those randomized to their PAI-indicated optimal treatment.
Conclusions
PAI-guided treatment assignment may enhance suicide prevention outcomes. However, prior to real-world application, additional research is required to improve model accuracy and evaluate model generalization.
{"title":"Initial evaluation of a personalized advantage index to determine which individuals may benefit from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for suicide prevention","authors":"Catherine E. Myers , Chintan V. Dave , Megan S. Chesin , Brian P. Marx , Lauren M. St. Hill , Vibha Reddy , Rachael B. Miller , Arlene King , Alejandro Interian","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104637","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Develop and evaluate a treatment matching algorithm to predict differential treatment response to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for suicide prevention (MBCT-S) versus enhanced treatment-as-usual (eTAU).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Analyses used data from Veterans at high-risk for suicide assigned to either MBCT-S (n = 71) or eTAU (n = 69) in a randomized clinical trial. Potential predictors (n = 55) included available demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables. Random forest models were used to predict risk of suicidal event (suicidal behaviors, or ideation resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit) within 12 months following randomization, characterize the prediction, and develop a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A slightly better prediction model emerged for MBCT-S (AUC = 0.70) than eTAU (AUC = 0.63). Important outcome predictors for participants in the MBCT-S arm included PTSD diagnosis, decisional efficiency on a neurocognitive task (Go/No-Go), prior-year mental health residential treatment, and non-suicidal self-injury. Significant predictors for participants in the eTAU arm included past-year acute psychiatric hospitalizations, past-year outpatient psychotherapy visits, past-year suicidal ideation severity, and attentional control (indexed by Stroop task). A moderation analysis showed that fewer suicidal events occurred among those randomized to their PAI-indicated optimal treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PAI-guided treatment assignment may enhance suicide prevention outcomes. However, prior to real-world application, additional research is required to improve model accuracy and evaluate model generalization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104637"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142298901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.
反刍和正念是一种跨诊断的风险和保护因素，但它们在经前期情感障碍（PMDD）中的作用尚不清楚。因此，我们旨在研究反刍和正念自我关注对患有或未患有经前焦虑症的女性的瞬间情绪和认知的周期性特异性影响。这项研究包括在卵泡期和晚黄体期的两天内，对患有和未患有PMDD的女性（各60人）进行反刍和正念自我专注的简短非卧床诱导，以及对消极（NA）和积极情绪（PA）、反刍、当下意识（PMA）和自我接纳的非卧床评估。与健康对照组相比，患有 PMDD 的女性在晚黄体期对有意识的自我专注诱导的反应中显示出更强的 PA 增加，而在卵泡期则没有发现这种群体差异。与临床状态和生理周期阶段无关，诱导反刍性自我专注会立即增加瞬间的NA和反刍，减少PMA，而诱导正念自我专注会增加瞬间的自我接纳。总体而言，患有PMDD的女性在黄体晚期对正念自我专注的反应性较高，这表明针对PMDD的周期性正念干预具有潜力。无论生理周期处于哪个阶段，反刍和正念似乎都是非临床和临床群体采取简短预防和干预措施的目标。
{"title":"Induced ruminative and mindful self-focus in daily life across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder","authors":"Sibel Nayman , Isabelle Florence Schricker , Ioanna Franziska Grammatikos , Iris Reinhard , Christine Kuehner","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"183 ","pages":"Article 104630"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104622
Delaney Davey , Grace Macdonald-Gagnon , Brian W. Bauer , Scott A. Langenecker , Olusola Ajilore , K. Luan Phan , Heide Klumpp
Suicidal ideation (SI), a risk factor for suicide, is prevalent in internalizing psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety. Rumination and worry are well-studied repetitive negative thinking (RNT) constructs implicated in internalizing psychopathologies. These constructs have shared and distinct characteristics. However, the relationship between rumination and worry and their associations with SI are not fully understood in clinical samples. The present study used correlational and regression analysis to evaluate these relationships as a secondary data analysis in treatment-seeking participants with internalizing psychopathologies in two independent samples (Study 1:n = 143; Study 2:n = 133). Results showed about half of the participants endorsed SI (Study 1:n = 79; Study 2:n = 71). Correlations revealed a significant, positive relationship between rumination and worry. Regression results with SI as the dependent variable showed rumination significantly positively corresponded with SI in both studies. Post-hoc partial correlations controlling for symptom severity (depression, anxiety), worry, and age showed the rumination-SI relationship was maintained in both studies. Findings for worry and SI were inconsistent between studies. Findings indicate rumination, but not worry, could be a stable, unique contributor to SI in internalizing psychopathologies. It may be useful to incorporate RNT into suicide risk assessment for individuals with internalizing conditions.
自杀意念（SI）是自杀的一个风险因素，在抑郁和焦虑等内化性精神疾病中非常普遍。反刍和担忧是经过深入研究的重复性消极思维（RNT）结构，与内化性精神疾病有关。这些建构既有共同的特点，也有各自不同的特点。然而，在临床样本中，反刍和担忧之间的关系及其与内化性精神障碍的关联还没有得到充分了解。本研究在两个独立样本（研究 1：n = 143；研究 2：n = 133）中，采用相关分析和回归分析，对寻求治疗的内化性心理变态参与者的这些关系进行了二次数据分析。结果显示，约有一半的参与者认可 SI（研究 1：n = 79；研究 2：n = 71）。相关性表明，反刍和担忧之间存在着显著的正相关关系。以 SI 为因变量的回归结果显示，在两项研究中，反刍都与 SI 呈显著正相关。控制症状严重程度（抑郁、焦虑）、担忧和年龄的事后局部相关性表明，在这两项研究中，反刍与 SI 的关系都得以维持。不同研究对担忧和 SI 的研究结果不一致。研究结果表明，反刍（而非担忧）可能是导致内化性精神障碍的一个稳定而独特的因素。将 RNT 纳入内化症患者的自杀风险评估可能会有所帮助。
{"title":"Repetitive negative thinking and suicidal ideation in internalizing psychopathologies: A replication study","authors":"Delaney Davey , Grace Macdonald-Gagnon , Brian W. Bauer , Scott A. Langenecker , Olusola Ajilore , K. Luan Phan , Heide Klumpp","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Suicidal ideation (SI), a risk factor for suicide, is prevalent in internalizing psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety. Rumination and worry are well-studied repetitive negative thinking (RNT) constructs implicated in internalizing psychopathologies. These constructs have shared and distinct characteristics. However, the relationship between rumination and worry and their associations with SI are not fully understood in clinical samples. The present study used correlational and regression analysis to evaluate these relationships as a secondary data analysis in treatment-seeking participants with internalizing psychopathologies in two independent samples (Study 1:<em>n</em> = 143; Study 2:<em>n</em> = 133). Results showed about half of the participants endorsed SI (Study 1:<em>n</em> = 79; Study 2:<em>n</em> = 71). Correlations revealed a significant, positive relationship between rumination and worry. Regression results with SI as the dependent variable showed rumination significantly positively corresponded with SI in both studies. Post-hoc partial correlations controlling for symptom severity (depression, anxiety), worry, and age showed the rumination-SI relationship was maintained in both studies. Findings for worry and SI were inconsistent between studies. Findings indicate rumination, but not worry, could be a stable, unique contributor to SI in internalizing psychopathologies. It may be useful to incorporate RNT into suicide risk assessment for individuals with internalizing conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 104622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104621
Charlotte Smith , Catherine Ford , George Baldwin , Tine K. Jensen , Thanos Karatzias , Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland , Richard Meiser-Stedman
Research is increasingly highlighting the role of negative trauma-related appraisals in child and adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The cognitive model of PTSD claims that an essential mechanism of treatment is a reduction in these appraisals. The current systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the extent to which psychological treatments for PTSD reduce negative trauma-related appraisals in children and adolescents. Four databases (PsycINFO, Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete and PTSDpubs) were searched on the 11–12th December 2022. The Risk of Bias 2 (ROB-2) tool was used to assess for risk of bias. Thirteen studies were included in this review, comprising 937 child and adolescent participants. Using a random effects model to perform the meta-analysis, a medium pooled effect size for the effect of current treatments on trauma-related appraisals was found (g = −.67, 95% CI [-.86, −.48]). There was only a moderate level of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 44.4%), increasing the confidence with which these findings can be interpreted. These results indicate that psychological treatments for child and adolescent PTSD significantly reduce negative trauma-related appraisals. However, it is important to note that no trial included in the review was categorised as having low risk of bias.
{"title":"Do psychological treatments for PTSD in children and young people reduce trauma-related appraisals? A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Charlotte Smith , Catherine Ford , George Baldwin , Tine K. Jensen , Thanos Karatzias , Marianne Skogbrott Birkeland , Richard Meiser-Stedman","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research is increasingly highlighting the role of negative trauma-related appraisals in child and adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The cognitive model of PTSD claims that an essential mechanism of treatment is a reduction in these appraisals. The current systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the extent to which psychological treatments for PTSD reduce negative trauma-related appraisals in children and adolescents. Four databases (PsycINFO, Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete and PTSDpubs) were searched on the 11–12th December 2022. The Risk of Bias 2 (ROB-2) tool was used to assess for risk of bias. Thirteen studies were included in this review, comprising 937 child and adolescent participants. Using a random effects model to perform the meta-analysis, a medium pooled effect size for the effect of current treatments on trauma-related appraisals was found (<em>g</em> = −.67, 95% CI [-.86, −.48]). There was only a moderate level of heterogeneity between studies (<em>I</em><sup>2</sup> = 44.4%), increasing the confidence with which these findings can be interpreted. These results indicate that psychological treatments for child and adolescent PTSD significantly reduce negative trauma-related appraisals. However, it is important to note that no trial included in the review was categorised as having low risk of bias.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 104621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005796724001487/pdfft?md5=c622016bda8483847c47cf28d2e0bf0a&pid=1-s2.0-S0005796724001487-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104620
Paul M. Cernasov , Erin C. Walsh , Gabriela A. Nagy , Jessica L. Kinard , Lisalynn Kelley , Rachel D. Phillips , Angela Pisoni , Joseph Diehl , Kevin Haworth , Jessica West , Louise Freeman , Courtney Pfister , McRae Scott , Stacey B. Daughters , Susan Gaylord , Gabriel S. Dichter , Moria J. Smoski
Background
Anhedonia, deficits in motivation and pleasure, is a transdiagnostic symptom of psychopathology and negative prognostic marker.
Methods
In this randomized, parallel-arm clinical trial, a novel intervention, Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA), was compared to an individually administered Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with clinically significant anhedonia (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 and NCT04036136). Participants received 8–15 individual psychotherapy sessions, once weekly, with either BATA (n = 61) or MBCT (n = 55) and completed repeated self-report assessment of anhedonia and other internalizing symptoms.
Results
Indicators of treatment feasibility were similar across conditions, though MBCT showed a trend towards greater attrition rates than BATA, with an adjusted odd's ratio of 2.04 [0.88, 4.73]. Treatment effects on the primary clinical endpoint of anhedonia symptoms did not significantly differ, with a 14-week estimated difference on the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) of −0.20 [-2.25, 1.84] points in BATA compared to MBCT (z = 0.19, p = 0.845, d = 0.05). The expected 14-week change in SHAPS scores across conditions was −7.18 [-8.22, −6.15] points (z = 13.6, p < 0.001, d = 1.69). There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants demonstrating reliable and clinically significant improvements in SHAPS scores, or in the magnitude of internalizing symptom reductions.
Limitations
Limitations included a modest sample size, lack of longer-term follow up data, and non-preregistered analytic plan.
Discussion
There was no evidence to support superior clinical efficacy of BATA over MBCT in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with elevated anhedonia. Both interventions reduced anhedonia symptoms to a comparable magnitude of other existing treatments.
背景失乐症是一种跨诊断的精神病理学症状，也是一种消极的预后指标。方法在这项随机平行臂临床试验中，研究人员将一种名为 "失乐症行为激活疗法"（BATA）的新型干预措施与单独施用的 "正念认知疗法"（MBCT）进行了比较，该疗法针对的是具有临床症状的失乐症成人（ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 和 NCT04036136）。参加者接受了每周一次、每次8-15个疗程的个人心理治疗，其中包括BATA（61人）或MBCT（55人），并完成了厌世症和其他内化症状的重复自我报告评估。结果不同条件下的治疗可行性指标相似，但MBCT的减员率呈高于BATA的趋势，调整后的奇偶比为2.04 [0.88, 4.73]。治疗对主要临床终点失乐症状的影响没有显著差异，与 MBCT 相比，BATA 在斯奈思-汉密尔顿快乐量表（SHAPS）上的 14 周估计差异为 -0.20 [-2.25, 1.84] 分（z = 0.19, p = 0.845, d = 0.05）。在不同条件下，SHAPS评分的14周预期变化为-7.18 [-8.22, -6.15]分（z = 13.6, p < 0.001, d = 1.69）。在SHAPS评分中显示出可靠且有临床意义的改善的参与者比例，以及内化症状减少的程度方面，没有明显的差异。讨论没有证据表明，在厌学情绪升高的成人跨诊断队列中，BATA的临床疗效优于MBCT。这两种干预方法对失乐症症状的缓解程度与其他现有治疗方法相当。
{"title":"A parallel-arm, randomized trial of Behavioral Activation Therapy for anhedonia versus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adults with anhedonia","authors":"Paul M. Cernasov , Erin C. Walsh , Gabriela A. Nagy , Jessica L. Kinard , Lisalynn Kelley , Rachel D. Phillips , Angela Pisoni , Joseph Diehl , Kevin Haworth , Jessica West , Louise Freeman , Courtney Pfister , McRae Scott , Stacey B. Daughters , Susan Gaylord , Gabriel S. Dichter , Moria J. Smoski","doi":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.brat.2024.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anhedonia, deficits in motivation and pleasure, is a transdiagnostic symptom of psychopathology and negative prognostic marker.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this randomized, parallel-arm clinical trial, a novel intervention, Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA), was compared to an individually administered Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with clinically significant anhedonia (<span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> Identifiers NCT02874534 and NCT04036136). Participants received 8–15 individual psychotherapy sessions, once weekly, with either BATA (n = 61) or MBCT (n = 55) and completed repeated self-report assessment of anhedonia and other internalizing symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Indicators of treatment feasibility were similar across conditions, though MBCT showed a trend towards greater attrition rates than BATA, with an adjusted odd's ratio of 2.04 [0.88, 4.73]. Treatment effects on the primary clinical endpoint of anhedonia symptoms did not significantly differ, with a 14-week estimated difference on the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) of −0.20 [-2.25, 1.84] points in BATA compared to MBCT (<em>z</em> = 0.19, <em>p</em> = 0.845, <em>d</em> = 0.05). The expected 14-week change in SHAPS scores across conditions was −7.18 [-8.22, −6.15] points (<em>z</em> = 13.6, <em>p</em> < 0.001, <em>d</em> = 1.69). There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants demonstrating reliable and clinically significant improvements in SHAPS scores, or in the magnitude of internalizing symptom reductions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Limitations included a modest sample size, lack of longer-term follow up data, and non-preregistered analytic plan.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>There was no evidence to support superior clinical efficacy of BATA over MBCT in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with elevated anhedonia. Both interventions reduced anhedonia symptoms to a comparable magnitude of other existing treatments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48457,"journal":{"name":"Behaviour Research and Therapy","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104616
Zhiying Wu , Shengnan Li , Zhenfeng Chen , Yangang Nie
External environmental factors and internal cognitive bias affect college students' anxiety while job hunting. The current study is an intervention study on alleviating employment anxiety among college students through an Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) computer-based intervention. A total of 79 valid participants were recruited. The Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) group participants were required to complete employment-related IBM Internet training twice a week for three weeks. The placebo control group participants were required to complete neutral Internet training at the same frequency. The waiting list control group did not undergo any training. The groups were tested at three time points: prior to the intervention (pre-test), immediately after (post-test), and one month after the intervention (one-month follow-up). The IBM intervention group [F(2, 72) = 31.68, p < 0.001] showed greater significance in reducing employment anxiety than participants in the placebo control group [F(2, 72) = 9.83, p < 0.001] from the pre-test to one-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in employment anxiety among the waiting-list control group over time. The IBM intervention for college students can effectively decrease employment anxiety and reduce interpretation bias, which can be maintained at the one-month follow-up.
外部环境因素和内部认知偏差会影响大学生的求职焦虑。本研究是一项通过基于计算机的解释偏差修正（IBM）来缓解大学生就业焦虑的干预研究。本研究共招募了 79 名有效参与者。解释偏差修正（IBM）组参与者需要完成与就业相关的 IBM 互联网培训，每周两次，为期三周。安慰剂对照组的参与者则需要以同样的频率完成中立的互联网培训。候补对照组不接受任何培训。各组分别在三个时间点进行测试：干预前（前测）、干预后（后测）和干预后一个月（一个月随访）。与安慰剂对照组的参与者相比，IBM 干预组[F(2, 72) = 31.68, p <0.001]从测试前到一个月随访期间在减少就业焦虑方面表现出更大的意义[F(2, 72) = 9.83, p <0.001]。等待名单对照组的就业焦虑在一段时间内没有明显差异。针对大学生的 IBM 干预能有效降低就业焦虑，减少解释偏差，并能在一个月的随访中保持这种效果。
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