Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献_第2页

Impact of a brief HRV-biofeedback intervention on emotion regulation following a real-life stressful event: A randomized controlled study. 短暂的hrv -生物反馈干预对现实生活压力事件后情绪调节的影响：一项随机对照研究。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104979

Jente Depoorter, Kristof Hoorelbeke, Théodore Guillaumée, Marion Cortet, Marc Lilot, Gilles Rode, Rudi De Raedt, Sophie Schlatter

Background: Although studies indicate that Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback (HRV-BFB) interventions seem to increase physiological regulation, their effects on broader aspects of emotion regulation during stress recovery remain inconsistent. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of a brief 6-min HRV-BFB intervention on different aspects of emotion regulation and well-being after exposure to a real-life stressor.

Method: For this purpose, a randomized, parallel-group (1:1), controlled and monocentric trial was conducted following exposure to a naturalistic stressor in medical students. This trial investigated the impact of a 6-min HRV-BFB intervention (n = 122), compared to a control intervention (n = 118), on psychophysiological markers of emotion regulation (i.e. cardiac coherence score), psychological well-being (integrating stress, emotional valence, and self-confidence dimensions), and state rumination using linear models.

Results: The HRV-BFB group showed significant increases in cardiac coherence score across time, confirming the effectiveness of HRV-BFB for enhancing physiological regulation. Compared to the control group, the HRV-BFB group showed slight improvements in psychological well-being. Further analysis revealed that HRV-BFB might buffer against decreases in self-confidence. No significant effect on state rumination was observed.

Conclusion: This study extends prior findings by demonstrating the effectiveness of a brief HRV-BFB intervention in improving physiological regulation and well-being in a naturalistic stress context. In contrast to what theoretical frameworks would suggest, no significant effect on state rumination was found. These findings contribute to understanding how HRV-BFB can be applied in real-world settings to enhance emotion regulation and mental health. Clinical trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05136586).

背景：虽然研究表明心率变异性生物反馈（HRV-BFB）干预似乎增加了生理调节，但它们对应激恢复过程中更广泛的情绪调节的影响仍然不一致。本研究的目的是探讨6分钟的HRV-BFB干预对暴露于现实生活压力源后情绪调节和幸福感的不同方面的影响。方法：采用随机、平行组（1:1）、对照、单中心试验对医学生自然应激源暴露进行研究。本试验利用线性模型研究了6分钟HRV-BFB干预（n = 122）与对照干预（n = 118）对情绪调节心理生理指标（即心脏一致性评分）、心理健康（综合压力、情绪效价和自信维度）和状态反刍的影响。结果：HRV-BFB组心脏相干性评分随时间显著升高，证实了HRV-BFB增强生理调节的有效性。与对照组相比，HRV-BFB组在心理健康方面略有改善。进一步的分析表明，HRV-BFB可能会缓冲自信心的下降。对状态反刍无显著影响。结论：本研究扩展了先前的研究结果，证明了在自然应激环境下，短暂的HRV-BFB干预在改善生理调节和健康方面的有效性。与理论框架所暗示的相反，没有发现对状态反刍的显著影响。这些发现有助于理解HRV-BFB如何在现实环境中应用，以增强情绪调节和心理健康。临床试验注册在clinicaltrials.gov （NCT05136586）。

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引用次数: 0

Integrating multimodal behavioral therapy into temporomandibular disorders management: A randomized attention-controlled trial using DC/TMD axis II outcomes 将多模式行为疗法整合到颞下颌疾病管理中：一项使用DC/TMD轴II结果的随机注意控制试验。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104964

Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu , Abdulkhaliq Ali F Alshadidi , Lujain Ibrahim N Aldosari , Imran Khalid , Rayan Ibrahim H Binduhayyim , Shahi Jahan Shah , Bayapa reddy Narapureddy

Background

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) involve physical symptoms like pain and jaw dysfunction, and psychosocial factors including anxiety and depression, evaluated using Axis II of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD). This study assessed a structured, multicomponent behavioral therapy program—integrating pain neuroscience education, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), relaxation techniques, and electromyographic biofeedback—as an adjunct to standard TMD care.

Methods

In a randomized controlled trial, 120 TMD patients (ages 18–65) diagnosed via DC/TMD were assigned either to an 8-week behavioral therapy program (n = 60) or standard care with analgesics and physical therapy (n = 60). Outcomes measured at baseline, post-treatment (8 weeks), and 6-month follow-up included pain intensity (Visual Analog Scale, VAS; primary), jaw function (maximum mouth opening, MMO, and Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20, JFLS-20), pain-related disability and characteristic pain intensity (Graded Chronic Pain Scale, GCPS), psychological distress (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 [GAD-7] and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]), and pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale, PCS). Intervention reporting follows the TIDieR guideline.

Results

Behavioral therapy participants showed greater reductions in pain intensity (VAS mean difference 1.8 points at 8 weeks [Cohen's d = 1.2] and 2.5 points at 6 months [Cohen's d = 1.4]), improved jaw function (MMO mean difference 6.6 mm at 8 weeks and 7.3 mm at 6 months; Cohen's d ≈ 0.92–1.12), and reduced anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) (Cohen's d ≈ 0.62–0.65). Improvements were sustained at 6 months across all outcomes.

Conclusion

Behavioral therapy may enhance outcomes in TMD management when added to standard care, supporting further exploration of multidisciplinary approaches.

背景：颞下颌疾病（TMD）包括身体症状，如疼痛和颌功能障碍，以及心理社会因素，包括焦虑和抑郁，使用颞下颌疾病诊断标准（DC/TMD）轴II进行评估。本研究评估了一种结构化的、多成分的行为治疗方案——将疼痛神经科学教育、认知行为疗法（CBT）、放松技术和肌电生物反馈作为标准TMD治疗的辅助手段。方法：在一项随机对照试验中，通过DC/TMD诊断的120例TMD患者（年龄18-65岁）被分配到8周的行为治疗计划（n = 60）或标准治疗，包括止痛药和物理治疗（n = 60）。在基线、治疗后（8周）和6个月的随访中测量的结果包括疼痛强度（视觉模拟量表，VAS；初级）、颌骨功能（最大张嘴量，MMO和颌骨功能限制量表-20，JFLS-20）、疼痛相关残疾和特征性疼痛强度（分级慢性疼痛量表，GCPS）、心理困扰（广广性焦虑障碍-7 [GAD-7]和患者健康问卷-9 [PHQ-9]）和疼痛灾难（疼痛灾难量表，PCS）。干预报告遵循TIDieR指南。结果：行为治疗组疼痛强度明显减轻（VAS平均差值8周时为1.8分[Cohen’s d = 1.2]， 6个月时为2.5分[Cohen’s d = 1.4]），下颌功能改善（MMO平均差值8周时为6.6 mm， 6个月时为7.3 mm; Cohen’s d≈0.92-1.12），焦虑（GAD-7）和抑郁（PHQ-9）减轻（Cohen’s d≈0.62-0.65）。所有结果在6个月后持续改善。结论：行为治疗加入标准治疗后可提高TMD治疗效果，支持进一步探索多学科治疗方法。

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引用次数: 0

Toward a mechanistic understanding of LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy: Testing treatment mediators in a randomized controlled trial with young gay and bisexual men 对lgbtq -肯定认知行为疗法的机制理解：在一项针对年轻男同性恋和双性恋男性的随机对照试验中测试治疗介质。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104966

Julian Burger , Katie Wang , Nathan L. Hollinsaid , Steven A. Safren , John E. Pachankis

Introduction

Young gay and bisexual men (YGBM) face elevated risk for co-occurring mental (e.g., depression, anxiety), behavioral (e.g., substance use), and sexual (e.g., HIV-transmission-risk behavior) health challenges compared to their heterosexual peers. LGBTQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) targets psychosocial pathways through which minority stress is hypothesized to contribute to these disparities. We evaluated whether LGBTQ-affirmative CBT operates through these candidate mechanisms.

Methods

We analyzed trial data from 254 HIV-negative YGBM (ages 18–35; 67.2 % racial/ethnic minority) with mental, behavioral, and/or sexual health concerns randomly assigned to receive LGBTQ-affirmative CBT or one of two control conditions: LGBTQ-affirmative community counseling or HIV testing and counseling. Using baseline and 4-, 8-, and 12-month follow-up assessments, trajectories of identity-specific (i.e., sexual orientation-related acceptance concerns, concealment motivation, and internalized stigma) and general (i.e., assertiveness, emotion regulation difficulties, rumination, self-esteem, and social support) mechanisms were examined. Additionally, latent change score structural equation models tested whether these mechanisms mediated the relative impact of LGBTQ-affirmative CBT (vs. control) on depression, anxiety, substance use, HIV-transmission-risk behavior, or their co-occurrence.

Results

Across the LGBTQ-affirmative CBT and control conditions, participants showed improvements in all mediators and clinical outcomes. While no formal mediation effects were detected, improvements in sexual orientation-related acceptance concerns were associated with improvements in problematic substance use across conditions, suggesting that this process may represent one promising target irrespective of treatment condition.

Conclusion

Identifying treatment mechanisms may help to maximize the efficacy of LGBTQ-affirmative CBT. While no definitive mediators emerged in this study, the consistent improvement across all candidate processes underscores their potential importance. Our findings highlight several challenges in establishing mechanisms of LGBTQ-affirmative CBT, including statistical power, active comparators, and measurement. We provide recommendations for advancing mechanistic tests in future work.

与异性恋同龄人相比，年轻男同性恋和双性恋男性（YGBM）面临着共同发生精神（如抑郁、焦虑）、行为（如物质使用）和性（如艾滋病毒传播风险行为）健康挑战的高风险。lgbtq -肯定认知行为疗法（CBT）的目标是通过假设少数族裔压力导致这些差异的心理社会途径。我们评估了LGBTQ-affirmative CBT是否通过这些候选机制起作用。方法：我们分析了254名HIV阴性的YGBM（18-35岁，67.2%是种族/少数民族）的试验数据，这些人有心理、行为和/或性健康问题，随机分配接受lgbtq肯定的CBT或两种对照条件之一：lgbtq肯定的社区咨询或HIV检测和咨询。通过基线和4、8、12个月的随访评估，研究了身份特异性（即性取向相关的接受问题、隐藏动机和内化耻辱）和一般（即自信、情绪调节困难、反刍、自尊和社会支持）机制的轨迹。此外，潜在变化评分结构方程模型检验了这些机制是否介导了lgbtq - positive CBT（相对于对照组）对抑郁、焦虑、物质使用、艾滋病毒传播风险行为或其共同发生的相对影响。结果：在支持lgbtq的CBT和对照条件下，参与者在所有介质和临床结果上都表现出改善。虽然没有发现正式的调解效果，但性取向相关的接受问题的改善与各种情况下问题物质使用的改善有关，这表明这一过程可能是一个有希望的目标，无论治疗情况如何。结论：明确治疗机制有助于lgbtq - positive CBT的疗效最大化。虽然在本研究中没有明确的中介出现，但所有候选过程的持续改进强调了它们的潜在重要性。我们的研究结果强调了建立lgbtq -肯定CBT机制的几个挑战，包括统计能力、主动比较和测量。并提出了在今后的工作中推进力学试验的建议。

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引用次数: 0

Breaking barriers: Addressing hostile attribution bias and aggression among future correctional officers 打破障碍：解决未来狱警的敌意归因偏见和攻击性

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104963

Alexandre Pascual , Morgane Elanasri Joncour , Thomas Salanova , Yvan Steinkevich , Baptiste Subra

Objective

Hostile Attribution Bias (HAB), the tendency to interpret ambiguous social cues as hostile, has been linked to aggression This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) intervention in reducing HAB and reactive aggression among future correctional officers.

Method

A total of 209 trainee correctional officers were assigned to groups equivalent in terms of HAB scores and then allocated to either a CBM-I intervention condition or a control condition. HAB was assessed at three time points (before training, post-intervention, and after a prison internship), and reactive aggression was assessed at the final point.

Results

Results showed a significant reduction in HAB immediately after the intervention, especially toward inmates, with effects partially sustained after field experience. The intervention also led to lower reactive aggression, an effect mediated by reduced HAB.

Conclusion

s: These findings support the use of brief CMB-I interventions to reduce HAB and reactive aggression in high-stakes professional settings. More broadly, these findings highlight the potential of cognitive interventions to improve interpersonal dynamics and mitigate aggression in various professional and social contexts.

敌对归因偏见（HAB）是一种倾向于将模棱两可的社会线索解释为敌对的倾向，它与攻击有关。本研究旨在评估认知偏见修正解释（CBM-I）干预在减少未来惩教人员的敌对归因偏见和反应性攻击中的有效性。方法将209名受训惩教人员分为HAB得分相等的两组，然后分别被分配到CBM-I干预组和对照组。在三个时间点（训练前、干预后和监狱实习后）评估HAB，在最后一个时间点评估反应性攻击。结果表明，在干预后，HAB立即显著减少，特别是对囚犯，在现场经验后，效果部分持续。干预还导致反应性攻击降低，这是由减少的HAB介导的效果。结论：这些发现支持在高风险的专业环境中使用简短的CMB-I干预来减少HAB和反应性攻击。更广泛地说，这些发现强调了认知干预在各种专业和社会背景下改善人际关系动态和减轻攻击的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Self-guided functional imagery training to reduce anxiety 自我引导功能意象训练，减少焦虑

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104962

Jackie Andrade, Stephanie Hartgen-Walker, Caroline Morgan, Ayan, Idil Aytekin, Khadijah Sekoni, Kardelen Sengul, Jonathan Rhodes

Objectives

Many university students experience high anxiety but have limited access to effective interventions. We evaluated a novel digital intervention for anxiety based on functional imagery training (FIT), designed to help individuals identify the impacts of anxiety, set engagement goals, and strengthen motivation for change. Functional Imagery for Keeping Anxiety low (FIKA) uses speak-aloud tasks, journalling, empathic questions, and personalised guided imagery for a person-centred approach. It builds motivation for engagement goals over safety goals through development and practice of vivid and emotionally laden multisensory imagery.

Design

Study 1 used semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to explore user experiences of FIKA. Study 2 compared anxiety pre- and post-FIKA and waitlist using frequentist and Bayesian approaches, with content analysis of FIKA experiences.

Methods

Both studies recruited university students who self-identified as experiencing anxiety, assessed using GAD-7 at baseline and follow-up. In Study 1, participants (N = 12) completed FIKA over a two-week period before returning for interview in Week 3. Study 2 participants (N = 60) were assigned to either FIKA or waitlist, then completed Week 2 assessments and, for waitlist, were offered FIKA.

Results

Quantitative and qualitative analyses supported a reduction in anxiety following FIKA, with qualitative responses supporting the hypothesised role of mental imagery and the empathic, person-centred approach.

Conclusions

FIKA seems a promising digital intervention for anxiety that users found acceptable and helpful. The focus on gently building skills in self-motivation for engagement may encourage students experiencing anxiety to use it early to prevent anxiety becoming a chronic problem.

目的许多大学生经历高度焦虑，但获得有效干预的途径有限。我们评估了一种基于功能意象训练（FIT）的新型焦虑数字干预，旨在帮助个体识别焦虑的影响，设定参与目标，并加强改变的动机。保持低焦虑的功能意象（FIKA）使用大声说话任务、日志、移情问题和个性化引导意象来实现以人为本的方法。它通过发展和实践生动的、充满情感的多感官意象，为参与目标建立动力，而不是安全目标。设计研究1采用半结构化访谈和主题分析来探索FIKA的用户体验。研究2使用频率分析和贝叶斯方法比较了FIKA前后和候补名单的焦虑，并对FIKA经历进行了内容分析。方法两项研究均招募了自认为经历焦虑的大学生，在基线和随访时使用GAD-7进行评估。在研究1中，参与者（N = 12）在第3周返回面试前的两周内完成了FIKA。研究2的参与者（N = 60）被分配到FIKA或候补名单，然后完成第2周的评估，对于候补名单，给予FIKA。结果定量和定性分析支持FIKA后焦虑的减少，定性反应支持心理意象和共情，以人为本的方法的假设作用。结论fika似乎是一种有希望的焦虑数字干预，用户认为是可接受的和有用的。专注于培养参与的自我激励技能，可能会鼓励经历焦虑的学生尽早使用它，以防止焦虑成为一个长期问题。

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引用次数: 0

Components of cognitive-behavioral interventions to prevent the onset of depression among the high-risk population: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis 预防高危人群抑郁发作的认知行为干预成分：系统回顾和成分网络荟萃分析。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104960

Masatsugu Sakata , Ethan Sahker , Yan Luo , Tomohiro Takayama , Rie Toyomoto , Yuki Furukawa , So Sugita , Masami Ito , Masafumi Tada , Yukiko Honda , Sanae Kishimoto , Mathias Harrer , Claudia Buntrock , Antonia A. Sprenger , Clara Miguel , Pim Cuijpers , Toshi A. Furukawa

Objectives

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a promising strategy for preventing onset of depression. This systematic review and component network meta-analysis (cNMA) investigated efficacious and harmful components including various skills and delivery formats of CBT for preventing depression onset among at-risk populations.

Eligibility criteria

We selected randomized trials of preventive CBT interventions from a previous systematic review (Cuijpers et al., 2021), and conducted an additional search on PubMed and PsycINFO up to January 2022.

Methods of synthesis

The primary outcome was incidence of diagnosed depression. Both intervention-level NMA and cNMA estimated the preventive effect of intervention arms and components.

Results

We identified 44 prevention trials (N = 9519). The intervention-level NMA demonstrated the preventive effects of CBT over no intervention (OR=0.52, 95 %CI: 0.39 to 0.69). There was some evidence from cNMA showing that problem-solving and behavioral activation may be beneficial in preventing depression. These two components combined in the unguided self-help or the group format showed an odds ratio of 0.25 (95 %CI: 0.08 to 0.81 ) and 0.31 (95 %CI: 0.15 to 0.64), respectively. We developed a web application estimating the relative and absolute effects of various combinations of components (https://yan-luo.shinyapps.io/cNMA_depression/).

Conclusion

Our results support the preventive effect of CBT on depression onset. In particular, efficacious depression prevention interventions can include problem-solving and behavioral activation.

目的：认知行为疗法（CBT）是一种很有前途的预防抑郁症发作的策略。本系统综述和成分网络荟萃分析（cNMA）调查了CBT预防高危人群抑郁发作的有效和有害成分，包括各种技能和交付形式。入选标准：我们从之前的系统综述中选择了预防性CBT干预的随机试验（Cuijpers等，2021），并在PubMed和PsycINFO上进行了额外的检索，截止到2022年1月。综合方法：主要观察指标为诊断抑郁症的发生率。干预水平的NMA和cNMA均评估了干预武器和成分的预防效果。结果：我们确定了44项预防试验（N = 9519）。干预水平的NMA显示CBT的预防效果优于不干预（OR=0.52, 95% CI: 0.39至0.69）。cNMA的一些证据表明，问题解决和行为激活可能有助于预防抑郁症。这两个组成部分在无指导自助或小组形式中分别显示0.25 （95% CI: 0.08至0.81）和0.31 （95% CI: 0.15至0.64）的优势比。我们开发了一个web应用程序来评估各种组件组合的相对和绝对效果（https://yan-luo.shinyapps.io/cNMA_depression/）。结论：本研究结果支持CBT对抑郁症发作的预防作用。特别是，有效的抑郁症预防干预可以包括解决问题和行为激活。

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引用次数: 0

Thought suppression worsens mood and obsessions but improves them subsequently: First evidence of a contrast avoidance effect for the maintenance of thought suppression 思想抑制会使情绪和强迫症恶化，但随后会改善它们：第一个证据表明，维持思想抑制存在对比回避效应。

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104961

Valerie S. Swisher, Michelle G. Newman

Objective

The cognitive behavioral model for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that suppression of unwanted thoughts (TS) is negatively reinforced by temporarily preventing obsessions and reducing distress. It further suggests that ceasing TS subsequently creates a rebound effect leading to increased obsessions/distress. However, the contrast avoidance model (CAM) suggests that TS concurrently increases and then sustains obsessions/negative affect, thus increasing the likelihood of negative and positive reinforcement (positive contrast) and avoiding a negative contrast later. We tested these theories using intensive ecological momentary assessment.

Method

Forty-nine individuals diagnosed with OCD received seven prompts/day for seven days examining current obsessions, TS, negative and positive mood.

Results

In line with CAM, higher TS was associated with higher concurrent negative mood and obsessions. Also, higher TS was associated with decreased obsessions and negative mood and increased positive mood 2 h later. Lower TS was associated with lower negative mood and obsessions concurrently and increased negative mood 2 h later. Thus, TS may have been negatively and positively reinforced—through subsequent (as opposed to concurrent) reduced negative mood and increased positive mood—and not engaging in prior TS was punished, such that it was associated with a subsequent uptick in negative mood.

Conclusion

Taken together, the present study showed the first evidence for a contrast avoidance effect (i.e., avoidance of sharp increases in negative emotion and decreases in positive emotion) for the maintenance of TS in OCD. Results suggest that targeting contrast avoidance may help reduce maladaptive cognitive strategies such as TS in OCD.

目的：强迫症（OCD）的认知行为模型表明，抑制不想要的想法（TS）通过暂时阻止强迫和减少痛苦而负向强化。它进一步表明，随后停止TS会产生反弹效应，导致强迫症/痛苦增加。然而，对比回避模型（CAM）表明，TS同时增加并维持了强迫/消极影响，从而增加了消极强化和积极强化（积极对比）的可能性，并避免了随后的消极对比。我们使用密集的生态瞬时评估来检验这些理论。方法：49名被诊断为强迫症的个体在7天内每天接受7次提示，检查当前的强迫行为、TS、消极和积极情绪。结果：与CAM一致，较高的TS与较高的并发负性情绪和强迫相关。此外，较高的TS与强迫症和消极情绪的减少以及2小时后积极情绪的增加有关。较低的TS与较低的负性情绪和强迫症同时相关，并在2小时后增加负性情绪。因此，TS可能通过随后的（而不是同时的）消极情绪的减少和积极情绪的增加而被消极和积极地强化，而不参与先前的TS则受到惩罚，因此它与随后的消极情绪上升有关。结论：综上所述，本研究首次证明了对比回避效应（即回避消极情绪的急剧增加和积极情绪的急剧减少）对强迫症患者TS维持的影响。结果表明，针对对比回避可能有助于减少强迫症患者的认知策略失调，如TS。

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引用次数: 0

Learning from experience: Depressive bias and updating beliefs about common life events 从经验中学习：抑郁偏见和对日常生活事件的更新信念

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104959

Joseph Maffly-Kipp , Daniel R. Strunk , Robert J. Zhou , Jay C. Fournier

In this study we investigated the veracity of depressive cognitions and how they are updated over time in response to real-world environmental feedback. Participants (N = 372) with high and low depressive symptoms repeatedly predicted the likelihood of, and then reported on the occurrence of, common positive and negative life events occurring in the next month across three monthly intervals. Depressive symptoms were associated with predicting and experiencing fewer desirable outcomes. Depressive symptoms were also related to greater pessimistic bias, but only for positive events, and to decreased accuracy, but only for negative events. Unexpectedly, participants with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to update their predictions in accord with feedback from the environment, particularly for positive events and when updating toward greater optimism. However, they also demonstrated a stronger oscillation pattern, being more likely to reverse their optimistic updates at the next timepoint. Participants high in depressive symptoms were less likely to reverse their predictions about negative events. This pattern of findings supports a depressive bias hypothesis (i.e., pessimistic bias increases as depressive symptoms increase) and provides new information about the stability of expectations about common positive and negative life events. Understanding the temporal dynamics of belief updating may help refine cognitive models of depression and inform interventions that target fragile expectations about positive experiences.

在这项研究中，我们调查了抑郁认知的真实性，以及它们是如何随着时间的推移而根据现实世界的环境反馈而更新的。有高抑郁症状和低抑郁症状的参与者（N = 372）反复预测下个月常见的积极和消极生活事件发生的可能性，然后在三个月的间隔中报告发生的可能性。抑郁症状与预期和经历较少的理想结果有关。抑郁症状也与更大的悲观偏见有关，但只与积极事件有关，与准确性降低有关，但只与消极事件有关。出乎意料的是，抑郁症状加重的参与者更有可能根据来自环境的反馈来更新他们的预测，尤其是对积极事件和向更乐观的方向更新时。然而，他们也表现出更强的振荡模式，更有可能在下一个时间点逆转他们的乐观更新。抑郁症状严重的参与者不太可能改变他们对负面事件的预测。这一发现模式支持了抑郁偏见假说（即，悲观偏见随着抑郁症状的增加而增加），并提供了关于对常见的积极和消极生活事件的期望稳定性的新信息。了解信念更新的时间动态可能有助于完善抑郁症的认知模型，并为针对积极体验的脆弱预期的干预提供信息。

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引用次数: 0

Reappraising negative situations after a night of sleep deprivation 在一夜睡眠不足后重新评估消极情况

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2026.104958

Rebecca L. Campbell , Linda Thompson , Parker Williams , Arash Assar , L. Riley Gournay-Berman , Anna Marie Nguyen , Nishka Gupta , Ivan Vargas , Ellen W. Leen-Feldner

The goal of the present study was to determine the effect of acute sleep deprivation on the ability to reappraise negative situations using a repeated-measures design.

Seventy-six undergraduate students completed self-report measures of reappraisal use and the Script-Based Reappraisal Test (SBRT; Zeier et al., 2020) before and after randomization to a night of at-home sleep deprivation or 8 h of sleep opportunity. The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) indexed changes in valence and arousal, with more negative valence and higher arousal indicating greater difficulty reappraising the anger-inducing scripts. Participant descriptions of reappraisals were coded to assess reappraisal fluency.

Sleep-deprived participants struggled to reappraise as indicated by significantly more negative valence (F(1, 74) = 11.23, p = 0.001, η²G = 0.05) and lower arousal (F(1, 74) = 18.93, p < 0.001, η²G = 0.05) compared to baseline and controls. Pairwise contrasts indicated more negative valence post-manipulation for sleep-deprived participants compared to both baseline (t(148) = 4.19, p < 0.001) and controls (t(148) = 4.27, p < 0.001) and lower arousal post-manipulation compared to baseline (t(148) = 3.80, p = 0.001) and controls (t(148) = 3.43, p = 0.004). Sleep deprivation did not significantly impact self-reported use of reappraisal or fluency.

Sleep deprivation negatively impacts reappraisal, reducing its effectiveness in regulating valence. However, contrary to predictions for arousal, sleep-deprived participants showed reduced rather than elevated arousal following reappraisal, suggesting a dissociation between valence and arousal regulation after sleep loss. Findings indicate that sleep deprivation disrupts cognitive emotion regulation, a key mechanism underlying mental health disorders, highlighting the importance of incorporating sleep into prevention and treatment efforts.

本研究的目的是使用重复测量设计来确定急性睡眠剥夺对重新评估消极情况能力的影响。76名本科生在随机分配到一个晚上在家剥夺睡眠或8小时睡眠机会之前和之后完成了重新评估使用的自我报告测量和基于脚本的重新评估测试（SBRT； Zeier等人，2020）。自我评估模型（SAM）显示了效价和唤醒的变化，负效价越高，唤醒越高，表明重新评估愤怒诱发脚本的难度越大。参与者对重评的描述被编码以评估重评的流畅性。与基线和对照组相比，睡眠剥夺的参与者难以重新评估，负效价显著增加（F(1,74) = 11.23, p = 0.001, η2G = 0.05），唤醒率显著降低（F(1,74) = 18.93, p < 0.001, η2G = 0.05）。两两对比显示，与基线（t(148) = 4.19, p < 0.001）和对照组（t(148) = 4.27, p < 0.001）相比，被剥夺睡眠的参与者在操作后的负效价更多，并且与基线（t(148) = 3.80, p = 0.001）和对照组（t(148) = 3.43, p = 0.004）相比，操作后的唤醒率更低。睡眠剥夺对自我报告的重新评估或流利程度没有显著影响。睡眠剥夺对重评价有负面影响，降低了重评价调节效价的有效性。然而，与对觉醒的预测相反，睡眠不足的参与者在重新评估后表现出降低而不是提高的觉醒，这表明睡眠不足后的价态和觉醒调节之间存在分离。研究结果表明，睡眠剥夺破坏了认知情绪调节，这是精神健康障碍的关键机制，强调了将睡眠纳入预防和治疗工作的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Instructed increase in fear activation during exposure exercises does not enhance treatment effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia 暴露练习中有指示地增加恐惧激活并不能增强认知行为疗法对恐慌障碍和广场恐惧症的治疗效果

IF 4.5 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2025.104946

Jan Richter , Alfons O. Hamm , Thomas Lang , Alexander L. Gerlach , Christiane A. Melzig , Anne Helms , Kezia-Lara Droste , Stephan Goerigk , Benjamin Straube , Tilo Kircher , Winfried Rief , Ulrike Lueken , Georg W. Alpers , Sylvia Helbig-Lang

The efficacy of exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (eCBT) for panic disorder and agoraphobia (PD/AG) is well established, but the mechanisms of action are still under debate. Here we investigated whether increased fear activation (by provoking additional bodily symptoms using interoceptive challenges) during exposure to agoraphobic situations would improve therapy outcome. Individuals diagnosed with PD/AG (N = 124) were randomized to one of the two variants of eCBT, with (exposure plus fear activation; E + FA) and without (exposure alone; E) guided evocation of unpleasant body symptoms (using additional interoceptive exposure exercises) and/or threat cognitions (expectations of potential threats that might occur during exposure). Primary outcome measures were assessed at baseline, post treatment, and at four-month follow-up. Reported fear and perceived likelihood of expected threat were assessed as moderators prior to, during, and after exposure sessions using ecological momentary assessment. Post treatment, E + FA was inferior to E in two of four primary outcome measures. At the follow-up assessment, both treatment variants were equally effective in all outcomes. In conclusion, increasing fear activation by explicitly activating the response units of the fear network did not result in better treatment outcome, questioning popular recommendations to maximize patient fear during eCBT - at least for patients with PD/AG.

基于暴露的认知行为疗法（eCBT）治疗惊恐障碍和广场恐怖症（PD/AG）的疗效已得到证实，但其作用机制仍在争论中。在这里，我们调查了暴露于广场恐惧症情境中增加的恐惧激活（通过使用内感受性挑战引发额外的身体症状）是否会改善治疗结果。诊断为PD/AG的个体（N = 124）被随机分配到两种eCBT变体中的一种，有（暴露加恐惧激活；E + FA）和没有（单独暴露；E）引导唤起不愉快的身体症状（使用额外的内感受性暴露练习）和/或威胁认知（在暴露期间可能发生的潜在威胁的预期）。在基线、治疗后和4个月随访时评估主要结局指标。报告的恐惧和预期威胁的感知可能性被评估为在暴露之前、期间和之后使用生态瞬时评估的调节因子。治疗后，E + FA在四项主要结局指标中的两项中低于E。在随访评估中，两种治疗方法在所有结果中都同样有效。总之，通过明确激活恐惧网络的反应单元来增加恐惧激活并没有带来更好的治疗结果，这质疑了在eCBT期间最大化患者恐惧的流行建议——至少对于PD/AG患者。

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引用次数: 0