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Testing theoretical processes that maintain paediatric social anxiety: A comparison between children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder, other mental disorders, and non-clinical controls 测试维持儿童社交焦虑的理论过程:患有社交焦虑症、其他精神障碍和非临床对照的儿童和青少年之间的比较
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104638

Background

Paediatric social anxiety disorder (SoAD) responds poorly to treatment. Improved understanding of potential psychological maintaining processes may indicate fruitful directions to improve treatment outcomes. The current study compared self-reported psychological processes and state anxiety in response to two social tasks experienced by children and adolescents with SoAD against comparison samples.

Methods

641 children and adolescents aged 6–17 years (Mage = 9.45 yr; 47.6% girls) engaged in a brief, impromptu speech and a social discussion with a confederate. Participants included 307 with SoAD, 285 with other mental disorders, and 49 non-clinical controls. Participants who completed each task self-reported their anticipated probability and cost of negative evaluation, self-focused attention, personal evaluation of social performance, and engagement in post-event rumination (assessed 1 h later). Independent raters also scored their social performance. Relationships between the variables were tested through path analysis.

Results

Participants with SoAD were more likely to avoid and reported significantly greater state anxiety than both comparison groups. They also reported higher levels of each of the putative maintaining processes than either comparison group. In contrast, independent observers did not discriminate between groups on their overt social performance. Path analyses demonstrated good fit of a priori models to the data for both social tasks.

Conclusions

Paediatric SoAD is associated with strong expectation of the probability and cost of negative evaluation, excess self-focused attention, and more negative evaluation of one's own social performance. In turn, these putative processes are strong predictors of state anxiety and post-event processing in response to both a speech and social interaction.
背景儿童社交焦虑症(SoAD)的治疗效果不佳。提高对潜在心理维持过程的认识可能会为改善治疗效果指明富有成效的方向。本研究比较了患有 SoAD 的儿童和青少年与对比样本在应对两项社交任务时的自我报告心理过程和状态焦虑。方法641 名 6-17 岁的儿童和青少年(年龄=9.45 岁;47.6% 为女孩)参与了简短的即兴演讲和与同伴的社交讨论。参与者中包括 307 名 SoAD 患者、285 名其他精神障碍患者和 49 名非临床对照组患者。完成每项任务的参与者都会自我报告他们预期的负面评价概率和代价、自我关注、对社交表现的个人评价以及参与事件后反刍(1 小时后评估)的情况。独立评分员也对他们的社会表现进行了评分。通过路径分析对各变量之间的关系进行了测试。结果患有 SoAD 的参与者更有可能回避,而且他们所报告的状态焦虑明显高于两个对比组。他们报告的每一种假定的维持过程的水平也高于任何一个对比组。与此相反,独立观察者并没有在公开社交表现上对不同组别进行区分。路径分析显示,先验模型与两项社交任务的数据拟合良好。结论小儿 SoAD 与对负面评价的概率和代价的强烈预期、过度自我关注以及对自身社交表现的负面评价有关。反过来,这些假定的过程也能有力地预测讲话和社交互动时的状态焦虑和事件后处理。
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引用次数: 0
Initial evaluation of a personalized advantage index to determine which individuals may benefit from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for suicide prevention 对个性化优势指数进行初步评估,以确定哪些人可能受益于以正念为基础的认知疗法来预防自杀。
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104637

Objective

Develop and evaluate a treatment matching algorithm to predict differential treatment response to Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for suicide prevention (MBCT-S) versus enhanced treatment-as-usual (eTAU).

Methods

Analyses used data from Veterans at high-risk for suicide assigned to either MBCT-S (n = 71) or eTAU (n = 69) in a randomized clinical trial. Potential predictors (n = 55) included available demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive variables. Random forest models were used to predict risk of suicidal event (suicidal behaviors, or ideation resulting in hospitalization or emergency department visit) within 12 months following randomization, characterize the prediction, and develop a Personalized Advantage Index (PAI).

Results

A slightly better prediction model emerged for MBCT-S (AUC = 0.70) than eTAU (AUC = 0.63). Important outcome predictors for participants in the MBCT-S arm included PTSD diagnosis, decisional efficiency on a neurocognitive task (Go/No-Go), prior-year mental health residential treatment, and non-suicidal self-injury. Significant predictors for participants in the eTAU arm included past-year acute psychiatric hospitalizations, past-year outpatient psychotherapy visits, past-year suicidal ideation severity, and attentional control (indexed by Stroop task). A moderation analysis showed that fewer suicidal events occurred among those randomized to their PAI-indicated optimal treatment.

Conclusions

PAI-guided treatment assignment may enhance suicide prevention outcomes. However, prior to real-world application, additional research is required to improve model accuracy and evaluate model generalization.
目的:开发并评估一种治疗匹配算法,以预测基于正念的认知疗法预防自杀(MBCT-S)与强化治疗(eTAU)的不同治疗反应:开发并评估一种治疗匹配算法,以预测预防自杀的正念认知疗法(MBCT-S)与常规强化治疗(eTAU)的不同治疗反应:分析使用了在随机临床试验中被分配接受MBCT-S(n = 71)或eTAU(n = 69)治疗的高自杀风险退伍军人的数据。潜在的预测因素(n = 55)包括现有的人口统计学、临床和神经认知变量。随机森林模型用于预测随机化后12个月内发生自杀事件(自杀行为或导致住院或急诊就诊的意念)的风险,描述预测结果,并制定个性化优势指数(PAI):结果:MBCT-S(AUC = 0.70)的预测模型略优于 eTAU(AUC = 0.63)。MBCT-S组参与者的重要结果预测因素包括创伤后应激障碍诊断、神经认知任务(Go/No-Go)的决策效率、前一年的心理健康住院治疗以及非自杀性自伤。eTAU治疗组参与者的重要预测因素包括过去一年的急性精神病住院治疗、过去一年的门诊心理治疗就诊次数、过去一年的自杀意念严重程度和注意力控制(以Stroop任务为指标)。调节分析表明,在随机接受PAI指示的最佳治疗的患者中,自杀事件发生率较低:结论:PAI 指导下的治疗分配可提高自杀预防效果。然而,在实际应用之前,还需要进行更多的研究来提高模型的准确性并评估模型的通用性。
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引用次数: 0
Induced ruminative and mindful self-focus in daily life across the menstrual cycle in women with and without premenstrual dysphoric disorder 患有和未患有经前期焦虑症的妇女在整个月经周期的日常生活中诱发的反刍和有意识的自我关注
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104630

Rumination and mindfulness are transdiagnostic risk and protective factors while their role in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) is unclear. Thus, we aimed to investigate the cycle-phase-specific effects of rumination and mindful self-focus on momentary mood and cognitions in women with and without PMDD. This study involved brief ambulatory inductions of ruminative and mindful self-focus along with ambulatory assessments of negative (NA) and positive affect (PA), and rumination, present-moment-awareness (PMA) and self-acceptance on two days during both the follicular and late luteal phase in women with and without PMDD (n = 60 each). Compared to healthy controls, women with PMDD showed stronger increases in PA in response to mindful self-focus inductions during the late luteal phase, whereas no such group differences were identified during the follicular phase. Independent of clinical status and cycle phase, induced ruminative self-focus immediately increased momentary NA and rumination and decreased PMA, whereas induced mindful self-focus inductions increased momentary self-acceptance. Overall, higher PA-reactivity toward mindful self-focusing during late luteal phase in women with PMDD points to the potential of cycle-phase-specific mindfulness interventions for PMDD. Irrespective of cycle phase, rumination and mindfulness appear to represent targets for brief prevention and intervention measures for both non-clinical and clinical groups.

反刍和正念是一种跨诊断的风险和保护因素,但它们在经前期情感障碍(PMDD)中的作用尚不清楚。因此,我们旨在研究反刍和正念自我关注对患有或未患有经前焦虑症的女性的瞬间情绪和认知的周期性特异性影响。这项研究包括在卵泡期和晚黄体期的两天内,对患有和未患有PMDD的女性(各60人)进行反刍和正念自我专注的简短非卧床诱导,以及对消极(NA)和积极情绪(PA)、反刍、当下意识(PMA)和自我接纳的非卧床评估。与健康对照组相比,患有 PMDD 的女性在晚黄体期对有意识的自我专注诱导的反应中显示出更强的 PA 增加,而在卵泡期则没有发现这种群体差异。与临床状态和生理周期阶段无关,诱导反刍性自我专注会立即增加瞬间的NA和反刍,减少PMA,而诱导正念自我专注会增加瞬间的自我接纳。总体而言,患有PMDD的女性在黄体晚期对正念自我专注的反应性较高,这表明针对PMDD的周期性正念干预具有潜力。无论生理周期处于哪个阶段,反刍和正念似乎都是非临床和临床群体采取简短预防和干预措施的目标。
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引用次数: 0
Repetitive negative thinking and suicidal ideation in internalizing psychopathologies: A replication study 内化性精神疾病中的重复性消极思维和自杀意念:重复研究
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104622

Suicidal ideation (SI), a risk factor for suicide, is prevalent in internalizing psychopathologies, including depression and anxiety. Rumination and worry are well-studied repetitive negative thinking (RNT) constructs implicated in internalizing psychopathologies. These constructs have shared and distinct characteristics. However, the relationship between rumination and worry and their associations with SI are not fully understood in clinical samples. The present study used correlational and regression analysis to evaluate these relationships as a secondary data analysis in treatment-seeking participants with internalizing psychopathologies in two independent samples (Study 1:n = 143; Study 2:n = 133). Results showed about half of the participants endorsed SI (Study 1:n = 79; Study 2:n = 71). Correlations revealed a significant, positive relationship between rumination and worry. Regression results with SI as the dependent variable showed rumination significantly positively corresponded with SI in both studies. Post-hoc partial correlations controlling for symptom severity (depression, anxiety), worry, and age showed the rumination-SI relationship was maintained in both studies. Findings for worry and SI were inconsistent between studies. Findings indicate rumination, but not worry, could be a stable, unique contributor to SI in internalizing psychopathologies. It may be useful to incorporate RNT into suicide risk assessment for individuals with internalizing conditions.

自杀意念(SI)是自杀的一个风险因素,在抑郁和焦虑等内化性精神疾病中非常普遍。反刍和担忧是经过深入研究的重复性消极思维(RNT)结构,与内化性精神疾病有关。这些建构既有共同的特点,也有各自不同的特点。然而,在临床样本中,反刍和担忧之间的关系及其与内化性精神障碍的关联还没有得到充分了解。本研究在两个独立样本(研究 1:n = 143;研究 2:n = 133)中,采用相关分析和回归分析,对寻求治疗的内化性心理变态参与者的这些关系进行了二次数据分析。结果显示,约有一半的参与者认可 SI(研究 1:n = 79;研究 2:n = 71)。相关性表明,反刍和担忧之间存在着显著的正相关关系。以 SI 为因变量的回归结果显示,在两项研究中,反刍都与 SI 呈显著正相关。控制症状严重程度(抑郁、焦虑)、担忧和年龄的事后局部相关性表明,在这两项研究中,反刍与 SI 的关系都得以维持。不同研究对担忧和 SI 的研究结果不一致。研究结果表明,反刍(而非担忧)可能是导致内化性精神障碍的一个稳定而独特的因素。将 RNT 纳入内化症患者的自杀风险评估可能会有所帮助。
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引用次数: 0
Do psychological treatments for PTSD in children and young people reduce trauma-related appraisals? A systematic review and meta-analysis 儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍的心理治疗能减少与创伤相关的评价吗?系统回顾和荟萃分析
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104621

Research is increasingly highlighting the role of negative trauma-related appraisals in child and adolescent post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The cognitive model of PTSD claims that an essential mechanism of treatment is a reduction in these appraisals. The current systematic review with meta-analysis investigated the extent to which psychological treatments for PTSD reduce negative trauma-related appraisals in children and adolescents. Four databases (PsycINFO, Medline Complete, CINAHL Complete and PTSDpubs) were searched on the 11–12th December 2022. The Risk of Bias 2 (ROB-2) tool was used to assess for risk of bias. Thirteen studies were included in this review, comprising 937 child and adolescent participants. Using a random effects model to perform the meta-analysis, a medium pooled effect size for the effect of current treatments on trauma-related appraisals was found (g = −.67, 95% CI [-.86, −.48]). There was only a moderate level of heterogeneity between studies (I2 = 44.4%), increasing the confidence with which these findings can be interpreted. These results indicate that psychological treatments for child and adolescent PTSD significantly reduce negative trauma-related appraisals. However, it is important to note that no trial included in the review was categorised as having low risk of bias.

越来越多的研究强调了与创伤相关的负面评价在儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)中的作用。创伤后应激障碍的认知模式认为,治疗的一个基本机制就是减少这些评价。本系统综述和荟萃分析调查了创伤后应激障碍的心理治疗在多大程度上减少了儿童和青少年与创伤相关的负面评价。研究人员于 2022 年 12 月 11-12 日检索了四个数据库(PsycINFO、Medline Complete、CINAHL Complete 和 PTSDpubs)。偏倚风险2(ROB-2)工具用于评估偏倚风险。本综述共纳入 13 项研究,包括 937 名儿童和青少年参与者。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析,发现当前治疗方法对创伤相关评价的影响的汇总效应大小为中等(g = -.67, 95% CI [-.86, -.48])。研究之间的异质性仅为中等水平(I2 = 44.4%),这增加了解释这些研究结果的可信度。这些结果表明,针对儿童和青少年创伤后应激障碍的心理治疗能显著减少与创伤相关的负面评价。然而,值得注意的是,本综述中没有一项试验被归类为低偏倚风险。
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引用次数: 0
A parallel-arm, randomized trial of Behavioral Activation Therapy for anhedonia versus mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for adults with anhedonia 针对成人厌食症患者的行为激活疗法与正念认知疗法的平行随机试验
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104620

Background

Anhedonia, deficits in motivation and pleasure, is a transdiagnostic symptom of psychopathology and negative prognostic marker.

Methods

In this randomized, parallel-arm clinical trial, a novel intervention, Behavioral Activation Treatment for Anhedonia (BATA), was compared to an individually administered Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with clinically significant anhedonia (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 and NCT04036136). Participants received 8–15 individual psychotherapy sessions, once weekly, with either BATA (n = 61) or MBCT (n = 55) and completed repeated self-report assessment of anhedonia and other internalizing symptoms.

Results

Indicators of treatment feasibility were similar across conditions, though MBCT showed a trend towards greater attrition rates than BATA, with an adjusted odd's ratio of 2.04 [0.88, 4.73]. Treatment effects on the primary clinical endpoint of anhedonia symptoms did not significantly differ, with a 14-week estimated difference on the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) of −0.20 [-2.25, 1.84] points in BATA compared to MBCT (z = 0.19, p = 0.845, d = 0.05). The expected 14-week change in SHAPS scores across conditions was −7.18 [-8.22, −6.15] points (z = 13.6, p < 0.001, d = 1.69). There were no significant differences in the proportion of participants demonstrating reliable and clinically significant improvements in SHAPS scores, or in the magnitude of internalizing symptom reductions.

Limitations

Limitations included a modest sample size, lack of longer-term follow up data, and non-preregistered analytic plan.

Discussion

There was no evidence to support superior clinical efficacy of BATA over MBCT in a transdiagnostic cohort of adults with elevated anhedonia. Both interventions reduced anhedonia symptoms to a comparable magnitude of other existing treatments.

背景失乐症是一种跨诊断的精神病理学症状,也是一种消极的预后指标。方法在这项随机平行臂临床试验中,研究人员将一种名为 "失乐症行为激活疗法"(BATA)的新型干预措施与单独施用的 "正念认知疗法"(MBCT)进行了比较,该疗法针对的是具有临床症状的失乐症成人(ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers NCT02874534 和 NCT04036136)。参加者接受了每周一次、每次8-15个疗程的个人心理治疗,其中包括BATA(61人)或MBCT(55人),并完成了厌世症和其他内化症状的重复自我报告评估。结果不同条件下的治疗可行性指标相似,但MBCT的减员率呈高于BATA的趋势,调整后的奇偶比为2.04 [0.88, 4.73]。治疗对主要临床终点失乐症状的影响没有显著差异,与 MBCT 相比,BATA 在斯奈思-汉密尔顿快乐量表(SHAPS)上的 14 周估计差异为 -0.20 [-2.25, 1.84] 分(z = 0.19, p = 0.845, d = 0.05)。在不同条件下,SHAPS评分的14周预期变化为-7.18 [-8.22, -6.15]分(z = 13.6, p < 0.001, d = 1.69)。在SHAPS评分中显示出可靠且有临床意义的改善的参与者比例,以及内化症状减少的程度方面,没有明显的差异。讨论没有证据表明,在厌学情绪升高的成人跨诊断队列中,BATA的临床疗效优于MBCT。这两种干预方法对失乐症症状的缓解程度与其他现有治疗方法相当。
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引用次数: 0
An intervention study on college students’ employment anxiety based on interpretation bias modification: A randomized controlled experiment 基于解释偏差修正的大学生就业焦虑干预研究:随机对照实验
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104616

External environmental factors and internal cognitive bias affect college students' anxiety while job hunting. The current study is an intervention study on alleviating employment anxiety among college students through an Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) computer-based intervention. A total of 79 valid participants were recruited. The Interpretation Bias Modification (IBM) group participants were required to complete employment-related IBM Internet training twice a week for three weeks. The placebo control group participants were required to complete neutral Internet training at the same frequency. The waiting list control group did not undergo any training. The groups were tested at three time points: prior to the intervention (pre-test), immediately after (post-test), and one month after the intervention (one-month follow-up). The IBM intervention group [F(2, 72) = 31.68, p < 0.001] showed greater significance in reducing employment anxiety than participants in the placebo control group [F(2, 72) = 9.83, p < 0.001] from the pre-test to one-month follow-up. There was no significant difference in employment anxiety among the waiting-list control group over time. The IBM intervention for college students can effectively decrease employment anxiety and reduce interpretation bias, which can be maintained at the one-month follow-up.

外部环境因素和内部认知偏差会影响大学生的求职焦虑。本研究是一项通过基于计算机的解释偏差修正(IBM)来缓解大学生就业焦虑的干预研究。本研究共招募了 79 名有效参与者。解释偏差修正(IBM)组参与者需要完成与就业相关的 IBM 互联网培训,每周两次,为期三周。安慰剂对照组的参与者则需要以同样的频率完成中立的互联网培训。候补对照组不接受任何培训。各组分别在三个时间点进行测试:干预前(前测)、干预后(后测)和干预后一个月(一个月随访)。与安慰剂对照组的参与者相比,IBM 干预组[F(2, 72) = 31.68, p <0.001]从测试前到一个月随访期间在减少就业焦虑方面表现出更大的意义[F(2, 72) = 9.83, p <0.001]。等待名单对照组的就业焦虑在一段时间内没有明显差异。针对大学生的 IBM 干预能有效降低就业焦虑,减少解释偏差,并能在一个月的随访中保持这种效果。
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation and validation of a suicide-focused Word Sentence Association Paradigm to assess suicide-specific interpretation biases 调整和验证以自杀为重点的单词句子联想范式,以评估自杀特有的解释偏差
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104619

The cognitive model of suicide proposes that biased cognitive processes contribute to suicidal thoughts and behaviors, and initial evidence suggests that attentional bias to suicide-congruent cues may predict suicidal behavior beyond established clinical risk factors. To date, much less work has explored the potential role of interpretation biases in the development and prediction of suicide risk. The present study assessed the psychometric properties, including reliability, concurrent validity, and predictive validity, of a novel adaptation of the Word Sentence Association Paradigm (WSAP) to assess suicide-suicide interpretation biases. In a sample of 239 psychiatric inpatients, including patients with no recent suicidal ideation or lifetime attempts (n = 35), those with recent suicide attempts (n = 29), and those with recent suicidal ideation (n = 174), participants completed the modified WSAP as well as self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts for the subsequent 6 months. Although the WSAP demonstrated good reliability, evidence of concurrent and prospective validity (in terms of self-reported suicidal ideation and attempts) was limited. Specifically, the clinical groups did not differ from one another on any measure of interpretation bias, nor did suicide-specific interpretation endorsements predict concurrent or future suicidal ideation when controlling for dysphoric interpretation bias. However, suicide-specific interpretation biases were uniquely associated with a history of a lifetime suicide attempt. Future work should further clarify the extent and specificity of the relationship between suicide-specific interpretation biases and clinical outcomes.

自杀认知模型提出,有偏差的认知过程会导致自杀想法和行为,初步证据表明,对自杀一致性线索的注意偏差可能会预测已确定的临床风险因素之外的自杀行为。迄今为止,对解释偏差在自杀风险的发展和预测中的潜在作用进行探索的工作要少得多。本研究评估了词句联想范式(WSAP)的心理测量特性,包括可靠性、并发有效性和预测有效性,以评估自杀-自杀解释偏差。在 239 名精神病住院患者样本中,包括近期无自杀意念或终生未遂的患者(35 人)、近期有自杀未遂的患者(29 人)和近期有自杀意念的患者(174 人),参与者在随后的 6 个月内完成了改良的 WSAP 以及自杀意念和自杀未遂的自我报告。虽然 WSAP 表现出了良好的可靠性,但并发有效性和前瞻性有效性(就自我报告的自杀意念和企图而言)的证据却很有限。具体来说,临床组之间在任何解释偏差的测量上都没有差异,在控制情感障碍解释偏差的情况下,自杀特异性解释认可也不能预测同时或未来的自杀意念。然而,自杀特异性解释偏差与终生自杀未遂史有独特的关联。未来的工作应进一步明确自杀特异性解释偏差与临床结果之间关系的程度和特异性。
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引用次数: 0
Suicide and cognitive processes: Introduction to the special issue 自杀与认知过程:特刊简介
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104618
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引用次数: 0
Do appearance related safety behaviors contribute to distress intolerance? A Multi-method examination 与外表相关的安全行为会导致不耐烦吗?多方法研究
IF 4.2 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104617

Individuals elevated in distress intolerance (DI) may engage in dysfunctional behavioral strategies to cope with their distress. One behavioral strategy that may be related to DI is appearance related safety behavior (ARSB; i.e., maladaptive behavior that seeks to mitigate the feared consequences of the negative evaluation of appearance). We examined the relationship between DI and ARSBs in two separate samples of women. In Study 1 (N = 91), we found in an unselected sample that ARSBs were robustly associated with DI cross-sectionally while accounting for symptoms of depression and body dysmorphia. Further, greater ARSBs predicted increases in DI longitudinally. In Study 2, among a clinical sample of women with elevated appearance concerns (N = 94), we examined the experimental effect of reducing ARSBs compared to a self-monitoring control. Relative to control, instructions to reduce ARSBs led to lower DI, but this effect was only found for individuals low in baseline DI. Overall, we found preliminary evidence that ARSBs may be a salient factor in contributing to and maintaining DI; and SB fading may be a helpful strategy for reducing DI. We discuss these findings in the context of existing literature and provide directions for future research.

苦恼不耐受度(DI)升高的人可能会采取功能失调的行为策略来应对他们的苦恼。其中一种可能与不耐受有关的行为策略是与外貌相关的安全行为(ARSB;即试图减轻对外貌负面评价的恐惧后果的适应不良行为)。我们在两个不同的女性样本中研究了DI和ARSB之间的关系。在研究 1(N = 91)中,我们在一个未经选择的样本中发现,在考虑抑郁症状和身体畸形的情况下,ARSBs 与 DI 在横截面上有很强的相关性。此外,从纵向来看,ARSBs越大,预测DI越高。在研究2中,我们在对外貌关注度较高的女性临床样本(样本数=94)中考察了与自我监控对照组相比,减少ARSBs的实验效果。与对照组相比,减少 ARSB 的指导会降低 DI,但这种效果只出现在 DI 基线较低的人身上。总之,我们发现有初步证据表明,ARSBs可能是导致和维持DI的一个突出因素;SB消退可能是减少DI的一个有用策略。我们结合现有文献对这些发现进行了讨论,并提出了未来研究的方向。
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Behaviour Research and Therapy
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