Behaviour Research and Therapy最新文献

Sleep bad, feel bad: Unpacking the role of exercise and socializing 睡不好，心情不好：解读运动和社交的作用。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104652

Sihan Liu , Lin-Xin Wang , Mark Shuquan Chen , Huiting Cao , Tony J. Cunningham , Jutta Joormann

This study investigates the daily associations between sleep disturbances and emotional well-being, focusing on exercise and social interaction as potential moderating factors. Using a longitudinal daily diary approach, we analyzed data from 455 participants (mean age = 41.98 years, 382 females) who reported daily diaries over 20 days. Multilevel modeling was employed to analyze both within- and between-person relations between sleep variables (duration, efficiency, difficulty falling asleep) and next day positive/negative affect. The analysis also explored the moderating roles of exercise and socializing, adjusting for age, sex, and COVID-related variables. Our findings indicate that at both within- and between-person levels, higher sleep efficiency predicted increased positive affect and reduced negative affect; conversely, difficulty falling asleep predicted diminished positive affect and heightened negative affect. Sleep duration had a nonlinear relationship with positive and negative affect, with both longer and shorter than usual sleep duration predicting less positive and more negative affect. Exercise and socializing showed different moderating roles in the relationship between sleep and negative affect. Exercise was found to mitigate the negative impact of poor sleep on negative affect, whereas extended socializing amplified the salutary impact of good sleep on reducing negative affect. Our findings underscore the importance of sleep health in daily emotional well-being, suggesting associations between sleep efficiency, difficulty falling asleep, and next-day affect at both within- and between-person levels. Furthermore, the distinct moderation patterns of exercise and socializing provide unique insights into the interplay of sleep, exercise, and social interaction, allowing more targeted interventions.

本研究调查了睡眠障碍与情绪健康之间的日常关联，并将运动和社交互动作为潜在的调节因素。我们采用纵向每日日记的方法，分析了 455 名参与者（平均年龄 = 41.98 岁，女性 382 人）在 20 天内报告的每日日记数据。我们采用多层次模型分析了睡眠变量（持续时间、效率、入睡困难）与第二天积极/消极情绪之间的人内和人际关系。分析还探讨了运动和社交的调节作用，并对年龄、性别和 COVID 相关变量进行了调整。我们的研究结果表明，在人内和人与人之间，较高的睡眠效率预示着积极情绪的增加和消极情绪的减少；相反，入睡困难预示着积极情绪的减少和消极情绪的增加。睡眠时间与积极情绪和消极情绪之间存在非线性关系，睡眠时间长于或短于正常睡眠时间都会导致积极情绪减少，消极情绪增加。运动和社交在睡眠与消极情绪的关系中显示出不同的调节作用。研究发现，运动可减轻睡眠不足对负面情绪的负面影响，而长时间的社交活动则扩大了良好睡眠对减少负面情绪的有益影响。我们的研究结果强调了睡眠健康对日常情绪健康的重要性，表明睡眠效率、入睡困难和第二天的情绪之间在人内和人与人之间都存在关联。此外，运动和社交的不同调节模式为我们提供了关于睡眠、运动和社交相互作用的独特见解，从而可以采取更有针对性的干预措施。

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引用次数: 0

Positive cognitive reappraisal flexibility is associated with lower levels of perceived stress 积极的认知再评价灵活性与较低的感知压力水平相关。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104653

Marta A. Marciniak , Stephanie Homan , Matthias Zerban , Gesine Schrade , Kenneth S.L. Yuen , Dorota Kobylińska , Matthias J. Wieser , Henrik Walter , Erno J. Hermans , Lilly Shanahan , Raffael Kalisch , Birgit Kleim

This study investigates the role of positive cognitive reappraisal (PCR) flexibility and variability in mental health in response to real-life stressors among college students. We employed ecological momentary assessment and intervention through ReApp, a mobile app designed to train and promote PCR. We analyzed data from the intervention group of a randomized controlled trial with a total of 100 participants who used ReApp for three weeks. Stressors due to health problems, uncomfortable environment (e.g., rainy weather, crowded buses, etc.), and lack of time were reported most frequently. Stressors related to the war in Ukraine, fear of the future, exams, and COVID-19 were reported as the most severe. To reappraise these stressors, the participants used mostly acceptance and problem-solving tactics. A key finding is the role of emotional demand–dependent PCR flexibility in mental health. Specifically, the flexible adaptation of PCR tactics in response to stressor severity was associated with a more substantial decline in perceived stress over the study period among participants reporting low tendency to use PCR at the study's baseline (β =

-

0.963, p = .016, Cohen's f = 0.26). In contrast, stressor domain–dependent flexibility and contextually independent between-tactic variability had no moderating effect on stress, depression, and anxiety symptoms. This study contributes to the field of emotion regulation flexibility by highlighting the adaptive role of emotional demand–dependent PCR flexibility in mental well-being among young adults navigating real-life stressors and underscores the importance of tailoring interventions based on the emotional demands of stressors.

本研究调查了积极认知重评（PCR）灵活性的作用以及大学生在应对现实生活压力时心理健康的可变性。我们通过 ReApp（一款旨在训练和促进 PCR 的手机应用）进行了生态瞬间评估和干预。我们分析了一项随机对照试验干预组的数据，共有 100 名参与者使用 ReApp 进行了为期三周的干预。报告最多的压力来自健康问题、不舒适的环境（如阴雨天气、拥挤的公交车等）和缺乏时间。与乌克兰战争、对未来的恐惧、考试和 COVID-19 有关的压力最为严重。为了重新评估这些压力，参与者主要采用了接受和解决问题的策略。一个重要的发现是，依赖于情绪需求的 PCR 灵活性在心理健康中的作用。具体来说，根据压力的严重程度灵活调整 PCR 策略与参与者在研究期间感知到的压力大幅下降有关（β = - 0.963，p = 0.016，科恩因子 = 0.26）。与此相反，依赖于压力领域的灵活性和独立于情境的战术间变异性对压力、抑郁和焦虑症状没有调节作用。本研究强调了依赖于情绪需求的 PCR 灵活性在年轻人应对现实生活压力时对心理健康的适应性作用，从而为情绪调节灵活性领域做出了贡献，并强调了根据压力的情绪需求定制干预措施的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Intolerance of uncertainty enhances adolescent fear generalization in both perceptual-based and category-based tasks: fNIRS studies 对不确定性的不容忍会增强青少年在感知型任务和类别型任务中的恐惧泛化：fNIRS 研究。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104650

Xiao Zhou , Lihui Huang , Benjamin Becker , Haoran Dou , Jinxia Wang , Xukai Zhang , Ying Mei , Hong Li , Yi Lei

Fear generalization undergoes marked changes during adolescence, which may relate to the high prevalence of anxiety disorders. While intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is a key factor that amplifies fear generalization, its impact and neural basis in adolescence remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of IU on perceptual-based (n = 72) and category-based (n = 68) fear generalization in adolescents aged 12–15 years. Specifically, Experiment 1 utilized two different size rings as conditioned stimuli, with middle-sized rings serving as the generalized stimuli; Experiment 2 employed pictures of sparrows and refrigerators as conditioned stimuli, with other animals categorically related to the sparrow as generalized stimuli. We collected self-reported threat expectancy, response times, and fear ratings in both experiments, and conducted functional near-infrared spectroscopy in Experiment 2. Results showed that high IU adolescents had higher threat expectancy in both experiments compare to low IU. Moreover, in category-based generalization, high IU adolescents had higher fear ratings, shorter response times and reduced engagement of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Results indicated that IU may enhance fear generalization by deficient left DLPFC recruitment. Together the present findings point to a behavioral and neural mechanism that can render adolescents vulnerable for mental disorders.

恐惧泛化在青春期会发生明显的变化，这可能与焦虑症的高发病率有关。虽然不确定性不耐受（IU）是放大恐惧泛化的一个关键因素，但它在青春期的影响和神经基础仍不清楚。在此，我们研究了 IU 对 12-15 岁青少年基于知觉（72 人）和基于类别（68 人）的恐惧泛化的影响。具体来说，实验一以两个不同大小的圆环作为条件刺激，以中等大小的圆环作为泛化刺激；实验二以麻雀和冰箱的图片作为条件刺激，以与麻雀相关的其他动物作为泛化刺激。我们在两个实验中都收集了自我报告的威胁预期、反应时间和恐惧评级，并在实验 2 中进行了功能性近红外光谱分析。结果表明，与低 IU 青少年相比，高 IU 青少年在两个实验中都有更高的威胁预期。此外，在基于类别的泛化中，高 IU 青少年的恐惧评级更高，反应时间更短，左侧背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）的参与度更低。研究结果表明，IU可能会因左侧DLPFC的招募不足而增强恐惧泛化。这些发现共同表明，行为和神经机制可能会使青少年容易患上精神疾病。

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引用次数: 0

The future of the eating disorder field: Inclusive, aware of systems, and personalized 饮食失调领域的未来：包容性、系统意识和个性化

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104648

Cheri A. Levinson , Claire Cusack , Rowan A. Hunt , Hannah F. Fitterman-Harris , Christina Ralph-Nearman , Savannah Hooper

Eating disorders are serious psychiatric illnesses associated with large amounts of suffering, high morbidity, and high mortality rates, signifying a clear need for rapid advancements in the underlying science. Relative to other fields of clinical psychological science, the eating disorder field is new. However, despite the fields’ late beginnings, there is growing science in several important areas. The current paper discusses the current literature in three primary areas of importance: (a) diversity and inclusion, (b) systemic and social factors, and (c) treatment personalization. We discuss how these areas have huge potential to push both eating disorder and clinical psychological science in general forward, to improve our underlying understanding of psychological illness, and to enhance treatment access and effectiveness. We call for more research in these areas and end with our vision for the field for the next decade, including areas in need of significant future research.

饮食失调症是一种严重的精神疾病，给患者带来巨大的痛苦，发病率高，死亡率也高，因此显然需要在基础科学方面取得快速进展。与临床心理科学的其他领域相比，进食障碍领域尚属新生事物。然而，尽管该领域起步较晚，但在几个重要领域的科学研究却在不断发展。本文讨论了当前三个重要领域的文献：(a) 多样性和包容性，(b) 系统性和社会因素，以及 (c) 个性化治疗。我们讨论了这些领域如何在推动饮食失调症和临床心理科学向前发展、改善我们对心理疾病的基本理解、提高治疗的可及性和有效性方面具有巨大潜力。我们呼吁在这些领域开展更多研究，并在最后提出了我们对未来十年该领域的展望，包括未来需要开展重大研究的领域。

引用次数: 0

Augmented Depression Therapy for young adults: A mixed methods randomised multiple baseline case series evaluation 针对年轻人的抑郁强化疗法：混合方法随机多基线病例系列评估。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104646

James Carson , Kalliopi Demetriou , Gemma Barlow , Kim Wright , Maria Loades , Barnaby D. Dunn

Augmented Depression Therapy (ADepT) is an individual psychotherapy for depression, which has been shown to be effective in the general adult population. A randomised multiple baseline case series evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and effectiveness of ADepT in young adults (aged 20–24). Eleven depressed young adults were recruited from a UK university wellbeing service to receive ADepT during the COVID-19 pandemic, with outcomes evaluated relative to pre-specified continuation targets. All participants received a minimum adequate treatment dose (>60% target); 89% judged ADepT as acceptable and satisfactory and would recommend it to others (>60% target); only 9% showed reliable deterioration for depression or wellbeing (meeting <30% target); and there were no trial- or treatment-related serious adverse events. Qualitative interviews revealed most participants were satisfied with and experienced benefits from ADepT. At post-treatment, reliable improvement was shown by 33% of participants for depression and 67% of participants for wellbeing (not meeting target of both >60%), with medium effect size improvements for depression (g = 0.78) and large effect size improvement for wellbeing (g = 0.93; not meeting target of both >0.80). ADepT is feasible, acceptable, and safe in young adults but may require modification to maximise effectiveness. Further research outside of the COVID-19 pandemic is warranted.

增强型抑郁疗法（ADepT）是一种针对抑郁症的个体心理疗法，已被证明对普通成年人群有效。一项随机多基线病例系列研究评估了 ADepT 在年轻人（20-24 岁）中的可行性、可接受性和有效性。我们从英国一所大学的健康服务机构招募了 11 名抑郁的年轻人，在 COVID-19 大流行期间接受 ADepT 治疗，并根据预先指定的持续目标对治疗效果进行评估。所有参与者都接受了最低足够的治疗剂量（>60%目标值）；89%的人认为ADepT是可接受和令人满意的，并会向他人推荐（>60%目标值）；只有9%的人显示抑郁或健康状况出现可靠的恶化（达到60%目标值），抑郁方面的中等效应改善（g = 0.78）和健康方面的大效应改善（g = 0.93；均未达到>0.80的目标值）。ADepT 在年轻人中是可行的、可接受的和安全的，但可能需要进行修改，以最大限度地提高疗效。有必要在 COVID-19 大流行之外开展进一步研究。

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引用次数: 0

Active contextualization reduces traumatic memory intrusions via memory integration 主动情境化通过记忆整合减少创伤记忆的侵入。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104644

Zhenjie Xu, Kairui Yu, Yingying Wang

Traumatic memory intrusions, the involuntary retrieval of unwanted memories, significantly impact mental health. The dual representation theory proposes that the origin of intrusion lies in the overactivated sensory memory not being integrated with the corresponding contextual memory, highlighting the crucial associations between memory contextualization and intrusion. To test this, our study investigated whether enhancing memory contextualization could effectively reduce intrusion. After experiencing analogue trauma with the trauma film paradigm, 96 healthy participants were randomly allocated to three intervention groups: active contextualization (AC) in which participants actively retrieve and restructure film content, passive contextualization (PC) in which participants passively restudy content-matched pre-contextualized information, and working memory taxation (WM) in which participants performed a working memory dual-task. Diary recordings over the subsequent week revealed a significant reduction in intrusion frequency in the AC group compared to both the PC group and a no-intervention control group. Furthermore, comparing AC with WM, a well-established laboratory intervention on intrusion, established a superior efficacy of the AC intervention in reducing intrusions. Finally, analyses of the explicitly recollected film memories identified the critical element of active contextualization to be memory integration induced by active memory retrieval. Together, our findings suggest that active contextualization causally diminishes intrusions, providing novel insights into the regulation of the contextual memory system in intrusion intervention.

创伤性记忆入侵，即非自愿地检索不想要的记忆，对心理健康有重大影响。双重表征理论认为，入侵的根源在于过度激活的感官记忆没有与相应的情境记忆整合在一起，这凸显了记忆情境化与入侵之间的重要关联。为了验证这一点，我们的研究调查了增强记忆情境化是否能有效减少入侵。96名健康参与者在经历了创伤电影范式的模拟创伤后，被随机分配到三个干预组：主动情境化（AC）组，参与者主动检索和重组电影内容；被动情境化（PC）组，参与者被动地重新学习内容匹配的预情境化信息；工作记忆征税（WM）组，参与者执行工作记忆双重任务。随后一周的日记记录显示，与 PC 组和未干预对照组相比，AC 组的入侵频率明显降低。此外，将 AC 与 WM（一种成熟的实验室入侵干预方法）进行比较后发现，AC 干预方法在减少入侵方面具有更优越的效果。最后，对明确回忆起的电影记忆进行分析后发现，主动情境化的关键因素是主动记忆检索所引起的记忆整合。总之，我们的研究结果表明，主动情境化会因果性地减少闯入，为情境记忆系统在闯入干预中的调节提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Examining the moderating role of depressive symptoms on the dynamic interplay between cognitive reappraisal and rumination: Evidence from experience sampling 研究抑郁症状对认知重评和反刍之间动态相互作用的调节作用：来自经验取样的证据

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104645

Jun Hu , Yiqun Gan , Zhenyu Li , Xianrui Li , Tianwei Xu , Jiang Qiu , Xiaoqin Wang , Dongtao Wei

The dynamic view of emotion regulation (ER) posits that ER is a temporally dynamic process unfolding over time. Cognitive reappraisal and rumination, two extensively investigated ER strategies, are implicated in depression. However, it remains unclear whether these two strategies exhibit reciprocal relations in real-world contexts, and whether such relations vary across baseline depressive symptoms. To address this, we conducted two experience sampling studies and applied residual dynamic structural equation modeling (RDSEM). Results of the RDSEM revealed significant bidirectional associations between cognitive reappraisal and rumination in the Chinese sample, whereas in the Belgian sample, only a unidirectional relationship was found where rumination predicts subsequent cognitive reappraisal. Additionally, both strategies demonstrated stable autoregressive effects. Interestingly, higher depressive symptoms predicted a lower autoregressive effect of cognitive reappraisal within the Chinese sample, while this was not the case in the Belgian sample. These findings highlight the importance of targeting factors such as dynamics in ER and its relationship with depression symptoms.

情绪调节（ER）的动态观点认为，情绪调节是一个随着时间推移而展开的时间动态过程。认知再评价和反刍这两种被广泛研究的情绪调节策略与抑郁症有关。然而，这两种策略在现实世界中是否表现出互为因果的关系，以及这种关系是否随基线抑郁症状的不同而变化，目前仍不清楚。为了解决这个问题，我们进行了两项经验取样研究，并应用了残差动态结构方程模型（RDSEM）。残差动态结构方程模型的结果显示，在中国样本中，认知重评与反刍之间存在显著的双向关系，而在比利时样本中，只发现了反刍预测后续认知重评的单向关系。此外，两种策略都表现出稳定的自回归效应。有趣的是，在中国样本中，抑郁症状越严重，认知重评的自回归效应就越低，而在比利时样本中却并非如此。这些发现凸显了针对 ER 动态性等因素及其与抑郁症状关系的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Leveraging occasional reinforced extinction via mental imagery of the unconditioned stimulus to optimize extinction learning 通过对无条件刺激的心理想象，利用偶发强化消退来优化消退学习

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104647

Dorothee Scheuermann , Christiane A. Melzig , Christoph Benke

Occasionally presenting the unconditioned stimulus (US) during extinction training (occasional reinforced extinction, ORE) either unpaired or paired with the conditioned stimulus (CS) provides initial evidence for a less pronounced return of fear. However, translating this approach into clinical practice is challenging due to ethical and practical concerns of exposing patients to the original USs. The present study investigated extinction of fear responses in a novel approach employing ORE using vivid fear imagery of the US instead of actually exposing to it. Three experimental groups underwent differential fear conditioning. Subsequently, participants either received a non-reinforced (standard extinction, N = 25), occasional paired (N = 26), or occasional unpaired (N = 25) reinforced extinction training, followed by assessments for spontaneous recovery, reinstatement, and reacquisition of fear responses. Response patterns during spontaneous recovery, reinstatement and reacquisition showed no benefit from either paired or unpaired imaginative ORE. The current findings suggest that incorporating fear imagery of the US in ORE so far does not result in reducing the return of fear. Further investigation is needed to determine whether imaginal ORE with adjustments could still be a readily applicable strategy for translating the ORE approach into clinical practice.

在消退训练（偶发强化消退，ORE）过程中，偶尔出现非条件刺激（US），无论是不与条件刺激（CS）配对还是与条件刺激（CS）配对，都能提供初步证据，证明恐惧的恢复不那么明显。然而，将这种方法转化为临床实践具有挑战性，因为要让患者接触到原始的 USs，在伦理和实践方面都存在顾虑。本研究采用一种新颖的方法，即利用生动的 US 恐惧想象而不是实际暴露于 US，来研究 ORE 对恐惧反应的消减。三个实验组接受了不同的恐惧条件反射。随后，参与者分别接受非强化（标准消退，N = 25）、偶尔配对（N = 26）或偶尔不配对（N = 25）的强化消退训练，然后对恐惧反应的自发恢复、恢复和重新获得进行评估。在自发恢复、恢复和重新获得过程中的反应模式显示，配对或非配对的想象性诱发反应训练均无益处。目前的研究结果表明，将对美国的恐惧想象纳入定向障碍康复训练至今并不能减少恐惧的恢复。我们还需要进一步研究，以确定经过调整的想象性 ORE 是否仍然是将 ORE 方法转化为临床实践的一种适用策略。

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引用次数: 0

Moderators of outcome in self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavior therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder 自我指导的互联网认知行为疗法治疗强迫症效果的调节因素。

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104643

Bethany M. Wootton , Eyal Karin , Maral Melkonian , Sarah McDonald , Nickolai Titov , Blake F. Dear

Internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Currently there is limited research examining the predictors and moderators of outcome in ICBT for OCD. This study examined moderators of treatment outcome in a sample of 216 individuals who commenced a self-guided ICBT intervention for OCD (Mage = 34.00; SD = 12.57; 72.7% female). The results indicated that those with higher baseline OCD severity, depression severity, and neuroticism had less improvement at post-treatment and follow up (resulting in 40%, 24% and 12% higher symptom severity for every standard deviation increase on the measure at post-treatment and 33%, 17% and 20% higher symptoms at follow up respectively). However, participants with higher baseline treatment expectancy and readiness to reduce rituals and compulsions had better outcomes at post-treatment and three-month follow up (resulting in a 5% and 7% lower symptom severity for every standard deviation increase on the measure at post-treatment and 12% and 12% lower symptoms at follow up respectively). The results have important implications for who may respond best to self-guided ICBT.

网络认知行为疗法（ICBT）是一种治疗强迫症（OCD）的有效方法。目前，对认知行为疗法治疗强迫症疗效的预测因素和调节因素的研究十分有限。本研究对216名强迫症患者（年龄=34.00；标准差=12.57；72.7%为女性）进行了自我指导的ICBT干预，并对治疗结果的调节因素进行了研究。结果表明，基线强迫症严重程度、抑郁严重程度和神经质程度较高的人在治疗后和随访中的改善程度较低（导致治疗后的测量值每增加一个标准差，症状严重程度分别增加 40%、24% 和 12%，随访中症状分别增加 33%、17% 和 20%）。然而，基线治疗期望值和减少仪式感和强迫症准备度较高的参与者在治疗后和三个月随访时的效果更好（治疗后测量值每增加一个标准差，症状严重程度分别降低 5% 和 7%，随访时症状分别降低 12% 和 12%）。这些结果对于哪些人最适合接受自我指导的综合心理治疗具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Happy 100th anniversary, behavior therapy! 行为疗法 100 周年快乐！

IF 4.2 2区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104642

Georg W Alpers

引用次数: 0