Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102629
Julia Beker , Martin J. Dorahy , Jacinta Cording
{"title":"To Tigger from Pooh, “There's still work to do”: A response to Donath et al.","authors":"Julia Beker , Martin J. Dorahy , Jacinta Cording","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102629","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102629","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102629"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144838301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102644
Charles B. Bennett , Emma K. Toevs , Abby Angus , Rebecca Krawczak , Christopher J. Trentacosta , Divya Jagadeesh , Claire S. Tomlinson , Oliver Lindhiem
The current meta-analysis sought to provide a 10-year update to a previously published meta-analysis (Lindhiem et al., 2014) focusing on the effects of patient preference or active choice on treatment satisfaction (k = 25), treatment completion (k = 27), and clinical outcome (k = 46) in the treatment of psychological and medical conditions. A literature search identified 26 new randomized controlled trials that were published over the past 10 years. These new studies, when combined with the studies from the original meta-analysis, yielded a total of 59 articles describing 60 studies. The overall effect sizes were similar to the original meta-analysis, with small effects being observed for treatment satisfaction (ESd = 0.26; p < .001), completion (ESOR = 1.30; ESd = 0.14; p < .001), and outcome (ESd = 0.14; p < .001). Also similar to the original meta-analysis, these effects were generally consistent across moderators, with the exception of the condition being treated. Individuals with depression who made an active choice or otherwise received their preferred treatment were more likely to complete treatment compared to treatments for other presenting problems. Over the past 10 years, research on patient preference has expanded to new psychological and medical conditions, and new studies frequently included a psychoeducation component (i.e., informed choice). Study findings highlight the potential benefit of assessing patient preference and shared decision making.
{"title":"Meta-analysis on the effects of client preferences on treatment satisfaction, completion, and clinical outcome: A 10-year update","authors":"Charles B. Bennett , Emma K. Toevs , Abby Angus , Rebecca Krawczak , Christopher J. Trentacosta , Divya Jagadeesh , Claire S. Tomlinson , Oliver Lindhiem","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current meta-analysis sought to provide a 10-year update to a previously published meta-analysis (<span><span>Lindhiem et al., 2014</span></span>) focusing on the effects of patient preference or active choice on treatment satisfaction (<em>k</em> = 25), treatment completion (<em>k</em> = 27), and clinical outcome (<em>k</em> = 46) in the treatment of psychological and medical conditions. A literature search identified 26 new randomized controlled trials that were published over the past 10 years. These new studies, when combined with the studies from the original meta-analysis, yielded a total of 59 articles describing 60 studies. The overall effect sizes were similar to the original meta-analysis, with small effects being observed for treatment satisfaction (ES<sub>d</sub> = 0.26; <em>p</em> < .001), completion (ES<sub>OR</sub> = 1.30; ES<sub>d</sub> = 0.14; <em>p</em> < .001), and outcome (ES<sub>d</sub> = 0.14; <em>p</em> < .001). Also similar to the original meta-analysis, these effects were generally consistent across moderators, with the exception of the condition being treated. Individuals with depression who made an active choice or otherwise received their preferred treatment were more likely to complete treatment compared to treatments for other presenting problems. Over the past 10 years, research on patient preference has expanded to new psychological and medical conditions, and new studies frequently included a psychoeducation component (i.e., informed choice). Study findings highlight the potential benefit of assessing patient preference and shared decision making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102644"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144899961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102625
Insa M. Borm, Steffen Hartmann, Sven Barnow, Luise Pruessner
Over the past decade, app-based studies have increasingly explored whether binge eating may serve as a form of emotion regulation. While theoretical models consistently propose that binge eating is triggered by aversive states, they diverge on whether the behavior is reinforced by subsequent temporary emotional improvements. This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 59 reports (42 unique studies, 1745 participants, 478 effect sizes) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the role of negative and positive emotions in binge eating. Our analysis focused on two aspects: the emotion levels before and after binge eating, quantified using standardized mean change effect sizes, and the temporal emotion trajectories before and after binge eating, analyzed using Fisher's r-to-z transformed correlations. Using robust variance estimation (RVE) to account for dependent effect sizes, random-effects models revealed consistent emotion deterioration before binge eating across analyses, supporting the premise that emotional distress triggers binge eating. However, post-binge emotions yielded mixed results: while emotion levels indicated a continued deterioration, temporal trajectories suggested slight improvements after binge eating. Meta-regressions revealed no significant moderating effects, suggesting unexplained heterogeneity between studies. These findings partially support the emotion regulation function by affirming emotional distress as a trigger for binge eating but challenging the reinforcement premise. Treatments may benefit from incorporating strategies to regulate both negative and positive emotions. Substantial between-study heterogeneity highlights the need for future research to address methodological inconsistencies and refine our understanding of how emotions contribute to binge eating maintenance, which is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.
{"title":"Binge eating as emotion regulation? A meta-analysis of ecological momentary assessment studies","authors":"Insa M. Borm, Steffen Hartmann, Sven Barnow, Luise Pruessner","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, app-based studies have increasingly explored whether binge eating may serve as a form of emotion regulation. While theoretical models consistently propose that binge eating is triggered by aversive states, they diverge on whether the behavior is reinforced by subsequent temporary emotional improvements. This meta-analysis synthesized findings from 59 reports (42 unique studies, 1745 participants, 478 effect sizes) using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the role of negative and positive emotions in binge eating. Our analysis focused on two aspects: the emotion levels before and after binge eating, quantified using standardized mean change effect sizes, and the temporal emotion trajectories before and after binge eating, analyzed using Fisher's <em>r</em>-to-<em>z</em> transformed correlations. Using robust variance estimation (RVE) to account for dependent effect sizes, random-effects models revealed consistent emotion deterioration before binge eating across analyses, supporting the premise that emotional distress triggers binge eating. However, post-binge emotions yielded mixed results: while emotion levels indicated a continued deterioration, temporal trajectories suggested slight improvements after binge eating. Meta-regressions revealed no significant moderating effects, suggesting unexplained heterogeneity between studies. These findings partially support the emotion regulation function by affirming emotional distress as a trigger for binge eating but challenging the reinforcement premise. Treatments may benefit from incorporating strategies to regulate both negative and positive emotions. Substantial between-study heterogeneity highlights the need for future research to address methodological inconsistencies and refine our understanding of how emotions contribute to binge eating maintenance, which is essential for improving therapeutic outcomes for individuals with eating disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102625"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102640
Rita Selimi , Jesse Roest , Geert Jan Stams , Tarah Hoebrechts , Esmee van de Graaf , Sanne Janssen , Marjolein Snijder , Njomza Llullaku , Peer van der Helm , Janneke Staaks , Naomi Koning , Mark Assink
This three-level meta-analysis examined the effects of post-detention aftercare programs for adolescent and young adult offenders on several types of criminal recidivism (primary outcomes) and dynamic risk and protective factors for criminal behavior (secondary outcomes). A systematic search was conducted in the databases APA PsycInfo, Medline, ERIC, Web of Science Core Collection, SocINDEX, and Google Scholar, resulting in 26 relevant studies that produced 259 effect sizes. The results revealed a small overall effect (g = 0.26). Aftercare was effective for both primary (g = 0.23) and secondary (g = 0.35) outcomes. Smaller effects were found for general offenses (g = 0.23) and violent offenses (g = 0.26), a somewhat larger effect for minor offenses (g = 0.39), and no effect for substance abuse offenses (g = −0.04). Larger effects were found for arrests (g = 0.25) compared to convicted offenses (g = 0.12). Moderator analyses showed that mentoring and multi-modal interventions were effective, whereas family interventions as well as service and surveillance interventions were not effective. Positive changes in skills, substance abuse, family functioning, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and general health were associated with larger intervention effects on recidivism, and thus may be considered important levers of change in post-detention aftercare programs. It was concluded that aftercare programs can fulfill a crucial role in deterring youth from re-offending. Future research should focus on refining aftercare programs and identifying program components that contribute to the success of aftercare for young offenders.
{"title":"Wiping the slate clean: A meta-analysis of post-detention aftercare programs for young offenders","authors":"Rita Selimi , Jesse Roest , Geert Jan Stams , Tarah Hoebrechts , Esmee van de Graaf , Sanne Janssen , Marjolein Snijder , Njomza Llullaku , Peer van der Helm , Janneke Staaks , Naomi Koning , Mark Assink","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This three-level meta-analysis examined the effects of post-detention aftercare programs for adolescent and young adult offenders on several types of criminal recidivism (primary outcomes) and dynamic risk and protective factors for criminal behavior (secondary outcomes). A systematic search was conducted in the databases APA PsycInfo, Medline, ERIC, Web of Science Core Collection, SocINDEX, and Google Scholar, resulting in 26 relevant studies that produced 259 effect sizes. The results revealed a small overall effect (<em>g</em> = 0.26). Aftercare was effective for both primary (<em>g</em> = 0.23) and secondary (<em>g</em> = 0.35) outcomes. Smaller effects were found for general offenses (<em>g =</em> 0.23) and violent offenses (<em>g =</em> 0.26), a somewhat larger effect for minor offenses (<em>g =</em> 0.39), and no effect for substance abuse offenses (<em>g =</em> −0.04). Larger effects were found for arrests (<em>g =</em> 0.25) compared to convicted offenses (<em>g =</em> 0.12). Moderator analyses showed that mentoring and multi-modal interventions were effective, whereas family interventions as well as service and surveillance interventions were not effective. Positive changes in skills, substance abuse, family functioning, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and general health were associated with larger intervention effects on recidivism, and thus may be considered important levers of change in post-detention aftercare programs. It was concluded that aftercare programs can fulfill a crucial role in deterring youth from re-offending. Future research should focus on refining aftercare programs and identifying program components that contribute to the success of aftercare for young offenders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102640"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144841582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-08-13DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102641
Xiaochen Luo , Alytia A. Levendosky
Despite advancements in psychotherapy research on effectiveness and critical therapy processes, there remains a significant gap between the science and the art of psychotherapy, specifically on how to understand what to do moment-to-moment with each patient. A burgeoning research literature addresses this question by examining psychotherapy microprocesses, which typically referred to within-session changes of therapy processes, aiming to bridge psychotherapy research with clinical practice. In this pre-registered systematic review, we reviewed 86 empirical quantitative studies examining observational psychotherapy microprocesses over 35 years. We extracted 28 microprocess constructs across six categories (affective/emotional, behavioral, cognitive, relational/interpersonal, linguistic, and movement), four key methodological features of operationalizing microprocesses, and three types of research questions that focused on within-session change patterns, dyadic and intra-personal momentary associations, and associations with outcomes/macroprocesses/predictors. The literature demonstrated unique advantages in embracing theoretical plurality, real-world settings, and dyadic influences, while being limited by theoretical and methodological challenges such as the scatteredness in construct operationalizations, limited inclusion of diverse samples/therapy modalities and culture-related constructs, disconnections from theoretically driven hypotheses, and a lack of standard in reporting methodological features. To address these challenges, we propose the Multilevel Integrative Microprocess Model (MIMM), an integrative framework that situates microprocesses within the broader context of psychotherapy research traditionally centered on macro-level processes and outcomes. We conclude by suggesting a future research agenda that provides a checklist for future microprocess studies to enhance theoretical coherence and methodological rigor.
{"title":"A systematic review and integrative framework of psychotherapy microprocess: Linking the science of psychological interventions with the art of moment-to-moment practice","authors":"Xiaochen Luo , Alytia A. Levendosky","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advancements in psychotherapy research on effectiveness and critical therapy processes, there remains a significant gap between the science and the art of psychotherapy, specifically on how to understand what to do moment-to-moment with each patient. A burgeoning research literature addresses this question by examining psychotherapy microprocesses, which typically referred to within-session changes of therapy processes, aiming to bridge psychotherapy research with clinical practice. In this pre-registered systematic review, we reviewed 86 empirical quantitative studies examining observational psychotherapy microprocesses over 35 years. We extracted 28 microprocess constructs across six categories (affective/emotional, behavioral, cognitive, relational/interpersonal, linguistic, and movement), four key methodological features of operationalizing microprocesses, and three types of research questions that focused on within-session change patterns, dyadic and intra-personal momentary associations, and associations with outcomes/macroprocesses/predictors. The literature demonstrated unique advantages in embracing theoretical plurality, real-world settings, and dyadic influences, while being limited by theoretical and methodological challenges such as the scatteredness in construct operationalizations, limited inclusion of diverse samples/therapy modalities and culture-related constructs, disconnections from theoretically driven hypotheses, and a lack of standard in reporting methodological features. To address these challenges, we propose the Multilevel Integrative Microprocess Model (MIMM), an integrative framework that situates microprocesses within the broader context of psychotherapy research traditionally centered on macro-level processes and outcomes. We conclude by suggesting a future research agenda that provides a checklist for future microprocess studies to enhance theoretical coherence and methodological rigor.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102641"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prior studies have found that depression is linked to altered belief updating, but the strength and conditions of this association, such as its dependence on valence, remain unclear. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies that measured depressive symptoms and alterations in belief updating, in both updating-to-positive and updating-to-negative information directions.
Method
The PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for studies examining belief updating and depressive symptomatology, resulting in retrieval of 29 papers (N = 3,130 individuals). Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist and risk for publication bias was assessed visually with funnel plots, as well as statistically with Egger's test and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill procedure. Random effects models were used for calculating pooled effect sizes.
Results
We found evidence for a small, significant association (r = −0.11) between depressive symptoms and deficits in updating-to-positive information, but not for updating-to-negative information. Heterogeneity in both models was low. Exploratory subgroup analyses pointed to significant differences in the updating-to-positive direction based on the paradigm used, but this was not significant in the updating-to-negative direction. There were few concerns regarding the risk of bias and no evidence suggesting publication bias.
Conclusions
Depression is linked to a specific deficit in updating beliefs in response to positive disconfirming information, whereas no association was found with updating beliefs in response to negative information.
背景：先前的研究发现，抑郁症与信念更新的改变有关，但这种联系的强度和条件，如对效价的依赖，尚不清楚。这项预先登记的系统回顾和荟萃分析检查了测量抑郁症状和信念更新变化的研究，包括更新到积极信息和更新到消极信息的方向。方法：在PsycINFO、MEDLINE、Embase、Web of Science和Cochrane图书馆电子数据库中检索信念更新与抑郁症状学的相关研究，共检索29篇论文（N = 3130人）。偏倚风险采用Downs和Black检查表的改编版本进行评估，发表偏倚风险采用漏斗图进行视觉评估，采用Egger检验和Duval和Tweedie的修正和填充程序进行统计评估。随机效应模型用于计算合并效应大小。结果：我们发现证据表明抑郁症状与更新到积极信息的缺陷之间存在小而显著的关联（r = -0.11），但与更新到消极信息的缺陷无关。两种模型的异质性都很低。探索性亚组分析指出，基于所使用的范式，更新到积极方向的显着差异，但这在更新到消极方向上并不显着。几乎没有关于偏倚风险的担忧，也没有证据表明发表偏倚。结论：抑郁症与应对积极的不确定信息时更新信念的特定缺陷有关，而与应对消极信息时更新信念没有关联。
{"title":"Belief Updating Deficits in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Reut Zabag , Yannick Vander Zwalmen , Tobias Kube , Kristof Hoorelbeke , Ernst H.W. Koster , Jutta Joormann","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Prior studies have found that depression is linked to altered belief updating, but the strength and conditions of this association, such as its dependence on valence, remain unclear. This preregistered systematic review and meta-analysis examined studies that measured depressive symptoms and alterations in belief updating, in both updating-to-positive and updating-to-negative information directions.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>The PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched for studies examining belief updating and depressive symptomatology, resulting in retrieval of 29 papers (<em>N</em> = 3,130 individuals). Risk of bias was assessed using an adapted version of the Downs and Black checklist and risk for publication bias was assessed visually with funnel plots, as well as statistically with Egger's test and Duval and Tweedie's trim-and-fill procedure. Random effects models were used for calculating pooled effect sizes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We found evidence for a small, significant association (<em>r</em> = −0.11) between depressive symptoms and deficits in updating-to-positive information, but not for updating-to-negative information. Heterogeneity in both models was low. Exploratory subgroup analyses pointed to significant differences in the updating-to-positive direction based on the paradigm used, but this was not significant in the updating-to-negative direction. There were few concerns regarding the risk of bias and no evidence suggesting publication bias.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Depression is linked to a specific deficit in updating beliefs in response to positive disconfirming information, whereas no association was found with updating beliefs in response to negative information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"121 ","pages":"Article 102649"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102621
Hassan Mansour, Suman Kurana, Aphrodite Eshetu, Sarah Hoare, Celine El Baou, Isabelle Arnold, Clemence Halys, Gavin R Stewart, Roopal Desai, Amber John, Will Mandy, Elizabeth O'Nions, Joshua Stott
Autistic individuals are more likely to encounter traumatic events and mental health challenges throughout their lives. While multiple studies have explored the link between autism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no meta-analysis has comprehensively synthesised PTSD prevalence rates according to DSM or ICD diagnostic manuals. This is important for ensuring appropriate intervention for this underserved population. Therefore, the current meta-analysis investigated the point and lifetime prevalence of PTSD among diagnosed autistic children or young people (CYP) and adults. A thorough systematic search identified 17 studies involving 53,918 autistic CYP and 13 studies with 142,081 autistic adults. Random-effects meta-analyses indicated a point prevalence of 1.11 % (95 % CI: 0.32; 2.38) among autistic CYP and 2.06 % (95 % CI: 0.00; 11.97) among autistic adults. Lifetime prevalence was 5.74 % (95 % CI: 2.12; 10.99) for autistic CYP and 2.72 % (95 % CI: 2.54; 2.90) for autistic adults. Subgroup analyses identified several factors influencing rates: co-occurring intellectual disability, gender proportion, diagnostic criteria (e.g., DSM vs. ICD), and informant type (self-report vs. combined self and carer/parent). Although PTSD prevalence rates are similar to general population estimates, they contrast with previous studies using screening tools, which reported substantially higher PTSD symptomatology in autistic individuals. This discrepancy may highlight some limitations of current PTSD diagnostic criteria, which may not fully capture how trauma is experienced and expressed by autistic individuals, leading to underdiagnosis and potentially significant adverse outcomes. Future research should focus on developing autism-specific diagnostic guidelines to better identify and address PTSD in this population, ensuring more timely support.
{"title":"Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in autistic children or young people (CYP) and adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Hassan Mansour, Suman Kurana, Aphrodite Eshetu, Sarah Hoare, Celine El Baou, Isabelle Arnold, Clemence Halys, Gavin R Stewart, Roopal Desai, Amber John, Will Mandy, Elizabeth O'Nions, Joshua Stott","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autistic individuals are more likely to encounter traumatic events and mental health challenges throughout their lives. While multiple studies have explored the link between autism and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), no meta-analysis has comprehensively synthesised PTSD prevalence rates according to DSM or ICD diagnostic manuals. This is important for ensuring appropriate intervention for this underserved population. Therefore, the current meta-analysis investigated the point and lifetime prevalence of PTSD among diagnosed autistic children or young people (CYP) and adults. A thorough systematic search identified 17 studies involving 53,918 autistic CYP and 13 studies with 142,081 autistic adults. Random-effects meta-analyses indicated a point prevalence of 1.11 % (95 % CI: 0.32; 2.38) among autistic CYP and 2.06 % (95 % CI: 0.00; 11.97) among autistic adults. Lifetime prevalence was 5.74 % (95 % CI: 2.12; 10.99) for autistic CYP and 2.72 % (95 % CI: 2.54; 2.90) for autistic adults. Subgroup analyses identified several factors influencing rates: co-occurring intellectual disability, gender proportion, diagnostic criteria (e.g., DSM vs. ICD), and informant type (self-report vs. combined self and carer/parent). Although PTSD prevalence rates are similar to general population estimates, they contrast with previous studies using screening tools, which reported substantially higher PTSD symptomatology in autistic individuals. This discrepancy may highlight some limitations of current PTSD diagnostic criteria, which may not fully capture how trauma is experienced and expressed by autistic individuals, leading to underdiagnosis and potentially significant adverse outcomes. Future research should focus on developing autism-specific diagnostic guidelines to better identify and address PTSD in this population, ensuring more timely support.</p>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"120 ","pages":"102621"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-24DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102627
Emily K. Burr , Lauren M. Schaefer , Robert D. Dvorak , Stephen A. Wonderlich
Binge eating disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent binge eating episodes. Many factors have been analyzed in the maintenance of binge eating disorder, but current treatments still fall short of optimal success rates, with approximately half of individuals with BED relapsing following intervention. Perhaps partially due to the many shared vulnerabilities and high rates of comorbidity, interventions of BED have increasingly incorporated strategies utilized in substance use disorder treatment and indeed, there are many overlapping components in prevailing theories of BED and addiction. Despite interventions increasingly sharing mechanisms, there is lacking an in-depth review of conceptualization overlaps and differences. Although there are many reviews of models for BED and substance use disorders, none to-date compare and contrast the models of the most analyzed maintenance factors across both disorders: affect-based models and reward-based models. This narrative review, incorporating key and currently influential models that have been included in reviews with empirical support from the last 15 years, explores these models in-depth and provides critical analysis of where they differ and overlap to inform future interventions. Affect-based models largely evolved separably, however, most contemporary reward-based models of BED borrow concepts historically explored in addiction. Clinical implications, including refinement of treatment for individuals with BED or BED and concurrent problematic substance use are discussed.
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Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102604
Geng Li , Gesi Teng , Weikun Zhang , Tao Song , Yafen Li , Ziqin Wang , Antao Chen
Background
Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a beneficial nonpharmacological intervention for cognitive impairment in older adults; however, comparative evidence regarding the optimal exercise type and its sustainability remains unclear. This study aimed to compare and rank different exercise modalities based on their effects on cognition and intervention adherence among older adults (≥60 years) with cognitive impairment.
Methods
This systematic review, preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024497896), systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases through February 1, 2024, with an updated search on March 16, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently screened and evaluated eligible studies assessing the effects of physical exercise interventions on global cognition and adherence among older adults aged ≥60 years with cognitive impairment. Secondary outcomes included follow-up global cognition, cognitive subdomains, activities of daily living (ADL), physical function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist framework was conducted. Interventions were ranked according to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA), and a two-dimensional cluster ranking plot was used to identify the optimal intervention balancing cognitive improvement and adherence.
Results
Our network meta-analysis evaluated 128 qualified RCTs involving 12,403 older adults (≥60 years) with cognitive impairment. Mind-body exercise emerged as the most effective intervention, demonstrating the greatest improvements in global cognition (SUCRA = 95.9 %; SMD = 0.91; 95 % CI: 0.65–1.16) and significantly higher adherence (SUCRA = 93.6 %; OR = 1.31; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.68) compared to controls. Aerobic, resistance, and multicomponent exercises also improved cognition significantly, but adherence was comparatively lower. Mind-body exercise additionally showed consistent benefits across cognitive subdomains, functional outcomes and follow-up global cognition.
Conclusions
All physical exercise modalities significantly improved cognition, yet mind-body exercise was identified as the optimal intervention, exhibiting superior cognitive effects, adherence, and related functional benefits. These findings can guide clinicians in developing evidence-based exercise prescriptions tailored specifically to older adults with cognitive impairment.
{"title":"Comparative effects of different physical exercises on cognitive function and intervention adherence in older adults with cognitive impairment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis","authors":"Geng Li , Gesi Teng , Weikun Zhang , Tao Song , Yafen Li , Ziqin Wang , Antao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a beneficial nonpharmacological intervention for cognitive impairment in older adults; however, comparative evidence regarding the optimal exercise type and its sustainability remains unclear. This study aimed to compare and rank different exercise modalities based on their effects on cognition and intervention adherence among older adults (≥60 years) with cognitive impairment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This systematic review, preregistered in PROSPERO (CRD42024497896), systematically searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases through February 1, 2024, with an updated search on March 16, 2025, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Two reviewers independently screened and evaluated eligible studies assessing the effects of physical exercise interventions on global cognition and adherence among older adults aged ≥60 years with cognitive impairment. Secondary outcomes included follow-up global cognition, cognitive subdomains, activities of daily living (ADL), physical function, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. A network meta-analysis using a frequentist framework was conducted. Interventions were ranked according to the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curve (SUCRA), and a two-dimensional cluster ranking plot was used to identify the optimal intervention balancing cognitive improvement and adherence.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our network meta-analysis evaluated 128 qualified RCTs involving 12,403 older adults (≥60 years) with cognitive impairment. Mind-body exercise emerged as the most effective intervention, demonstrating the greatest improvements in global cognition (SUCRA = 95.9 %; SMD = 0.91; 95 % CI: 0.65–1.16) and significantly higher adherence (SUCRA = 93.6 %; OR = 1.31; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.68) compared to controls. Aerobic, resistance, and multicomponent exercises also improved cognition significantly, but adherence was comparatively lower. Mind-body exercise additionally showed consistent benefits across cognitive subdomains, functional outcomes and follow-up global cognition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>All physical exercise modalities significantly improved cognition, yet mind-body exercise was identified as the optimal intervention, exhibiting superior cognitive effects, adherence, and related functional benefits. These findings can guide clinicians in developing evidence-based exercise prescriptions tailored specifically to older adults with cognitive impairment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102604"},"PeriodicalIF":13.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144203479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2025-07-30DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102628
Kassandra Hon , Mark Boyes , Penelope Hasking , Katrina Hon , Stephen P. Lewis
Globally, there is a large discrepancy between the prevalence of mental health concerns and the proportion of people who disclose or seek help for their mental health. As such, decision-aid tools have recently emerged in the mental health context to facilitate the disclosure and help-seeking process. Given recent developments in this field, a synthesis of the literature is needed to consolidate existing decision-aid tools and assess their effectiveness, particularly in facilitating the disclosure or help-seeking process. This scoping review aimed to capture and synthesise the growing literature on decision-aid tools designed to support people in the decision to disclose or seek help for their mental health concerns. The review considered empirical studies, including theses and dissertations that matched the following criteria: 1) focused on populations with a mental health concern, 2) reported the development and/or evaluation of a decision-aid tool, and 3) assessed a tool specifically designed to facilitate the disclosure or help-seeking process, or reported on at least one disclosure or help-seeking related outcome. The review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley's framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines for scoping reviews. The findings of the review indicate that decision-aid tools can support various cognitive-emotional processes relevant to decision-making. There was also evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of decision-aid tools in increasing the rates of disclosure and help-seeking behaviours for mental health concerns. Overall, decision-aid tools appear to be a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of disclosure and help-seeking decisions in the mental health context.
{"title":"A scoping review of decision-aid tools for disclosure and help-seeking of mental health concerns","authors":"Kassandra Hon , Mark Boyes , Penelope Hasking , Katrina Hon , Stephen P. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, there is a large discrepancy between the prevalence of mental health concerns and the proportion of people who disclose or seek help for their mental health. As such, decision-aid tools have recently emerged in the mental health context to facilitate the disclosure and help-seeking process. Given recent developments in this field, a synthesis of the literature is needed to consolidate existing decision-aid tools and assess their effectiveness, particularly in facilitating the disclosure or help-seeking process. This scoping review aimed to capture and synthesise the growing literature on decision-aid tools designed to support people in the decision to disclose or seek help for their mental health concerns. The review considered empirical studies, including theses and dissertations that matched the following criteria: 1) focused on populations with a mental health concern, 2) reported the development and/or evaluation of a decision-aid tool, and 3) assessed a tool specifically designed to facilitate the disclosure or help-seeking process, or reported on at least one disclosure or help-seeking related outcome. The review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley's framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute's guidelines for scoping reviews. The findings of the review indicate that decision-aid tools can support various cognitive-emotional processes relevant to decision-making. There was also evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of decision-aid tools in increasing the rates of disclosure and help-seeking behaviours for mental health concerns. Overall, decision-aid tools appear to be a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of disclosure and help-seeking decisions in the mental health context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48458,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Psychology Review","volume":"120 ","pages":"Article 102628"},"PeriodicalIF":12.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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