Clinical Psychology Review最新文献

Neurodivergent individuals, including a range of conditions impacting neurological function, are at an increased likelihood of poor life outcomes, such as in functional adaptation, mental health, and well-being. Yet, many live meaningful and fulfilling lives. Resilience may provide some explanation for the heterogeneity in outcomes observed in neurodivergent populations. We conducted a scoping review embedded in a neurodiversity-affirmative approach to provide an understanding of resilience in neurodivergent populations. A total of 176 articles were included in this review and were synthesized using a two-phased process. First, findings were synthesized narratively to examine how resilience has been conceptualized and explored in neurodivergent populations. Second, to identify the bio-psycho-social factors important for resilience in neurodivergent individuals, we converted concepts identified in articles to the nomenclature of the World Health Organizations' International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) using a standardized linking process. We find considerable variability in how resilience is conceptualized and measured in neurodivergent populations. We identified 83 unique ICF categories representing resilience factors, of which only 20 appeared in more than 5% of the articles. Identified ICF categories highlight the importance of support systems such as families and friends, community participation and acceptance, and individual capabilities for resilience.

LGBTQ+ patients exhibit higher rates of mental disorder relative to the general population. This is particularly concerning since deficiencies in mental health practitioners' skills and knowledge, along with negative attitudes and behaviors, are associated with a decreased likelihood of LGBTQ+ patients seeking mental healthcare services and an increased likelihood of reporting unmet mental healthcare needs. To address these concerns, a mixed-method systematic review was conducted to evaluate mental health practitioners' attitudes towards and knowledge of LGBTQ+ patients and the impact of these factors on service utilization. Thirty-two relevant empirical qualitative and quantitative studies were retrieved from five databases following PRISMA guidelines, for a total of N = 13,110 mental health practitioners included. The results indicated that mental health practitioners generally hold affirming attitudes towards LGBTQ+ patients. However, significant gaps in practitioners' knowledge and skills emerged, describing feelings of inadequate skill, lack of competence, low clinical preparedness in addressing specific LGBTQ+ needs, insufficient training opportunities, and desire for further education on LGBTQ+ issues. These findings underscore the need to enhance inclusivity and cultural competence at both organizational and educational levels. Such improvements are essential to better care for LGBTQ+ patients and reduce disparities in access to mental health services.

Considering the sparse but rapidly growing literature concerning the relationship between psychopathy and emotion regulation, taking stock of accumulating knowledge in a systematic review and meta-analysis of the existing results is needed. We performed a systematic search (up to May 30, 2024) following PRISMA guidelines of five scientific databases (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science). Also, gray literature was searched. After removing the duplicates, a total of 8.786 records were screened, and 73 articles were selected based on the inclusion criteria used for systematic review. The meta-analytic procedure was performed on 55 identified studies consistent with the criteria adopted, which overall comprised 29.856 individuals. The current systematic and meta-analysis review has clarified the association between impairments of emotional regulation abilities and facets of psychopathy. More specifically, analyses indicated that emotional dysregulation is associated with overall levels of psychopathic traits, as well as with both the lifestyle and affective components of psychopathy, which suggests the utility of assessing these features when designing interventions focused on modulating negative emotional states and enhancing regulation of impulsive behaviors.

Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) reflects the functional relationship between disordered eating and alcohol use. There are two motivations underlying FAD - to enhance the effects of alcohol and/or to compensate for alcohol-related calories. Yet, most FAD studies have failed to adequately measure the motives underlying these behaviors, leading to inconsistent and imprecise findings. The aim of the current systematic review was to thematically consolidate FAD research findings by motive, identify limitations of the existing literature, and highlight next steps for FAD researchers. Eighty-one publications, presenting data from 38,536 participants, were included in the current review. Prevalence rates for the caloric compensation and alcohol enhancement motives range from 5.6% - 88.7% and 4.7% - 81.7%, respectively. Alcohol use and disordered eating were the primary correlates of FAD for both motives, and alcohol-related consequences were positively associated with both FAD motives cross-sectionally. Major limitations of the literature include inconsistent operationalization and imprecise measurement of FAD. Primary recommendations include adopting the terminology of and operationalization of FAD presented here, ensuring attention to FAD motive in developing and testing research questions, and moving beyond cross-sectional studies. Findings from this review can be used to contribute to more rigorous and unified FAD research.

Background

The cognitive theory of panic disorder proposes that individuals with panic disorder have a relatively enduring tendency to catastrophically misinterpret bodily sensations resulting in panic attacks.

Aims

We investigated whether the evidence is consistent with the theory and its predictions, if updates are required and sought to identify future research considerations.

Methods

We searched Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, EMBASE, MEDLINE and CINAHL (1986 to July 2024). Inclusion criteria were studies collecting quantitative data derived from panic disorder patients, testing one of the predictions and using appropriate outcome measures. Exclusion criteria were non-English language publications, all participants under the age of 18 and studies that were not published in a peer-reviewed journal. Quality was assessed using ‘QualSyst’ and synthesis was based on each prediction tested. PROPSERO registration #CRD42022332211.

Results

53 studies were identified amongst 49 publications. There was substantial evidence for all predictions. Three studies did not support the prediction tested and none were inconsistent.

Limitations

Most studies were ‘medium’ in quality and were predominately from female samples.

Conclusions

Findings are consistent with the theory and its predictions. Higher quality research is needed and implications for future research are discussed.

The global gaming community now exceeds 3 billion players, prompting increased attention from social and medical sciences regarding gaming-related disorders. Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) was incorporated into DSM-5 in 2013, and Gaming Disorder (GD) found its place in ICD-11 in 2019. A contentious criterion in IGD, not present in GD, revolves around withdrawal symptoms. This paper offers a theoretical foundation on gaming withdrawal symptoms in gaming-related disorders and conducts a scoping review of withdrawal operationalization and conceptualization in 40 selected studies, following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Most studies employed a correlation framework, relying on convenience samples and self-assessment questionnaires. A smaller portion focused on clinical samples and case studies. Withdrawal was predominantly conceptualized in terms of affective components, with less emphasis on behavioural, cognitive, physical, or neurological aspects. The prevailing terminology for gaming-related disorders was IGD, with only three studies referencing GD as defined in ICD-11. Notably, just six experimental studies included abstinence control.

We advocate for an expansion of research on withdrawal symptoms, particularly through experimental studies that implement abstinence within experimental groups and offer alternative operationalizations beyond dominant self-assessment measures.

Understanding developmental trajectories and gender differences in depressive symptoms is clinically relevant. Discerning true differences across gender, age groups, and time is based on the often-neglected premise of measurement invariance (MI) of child and adolescent depression scales. In this systematic review, we assessed available evidence for MI across gender, age groups, and time for depression scales validated in children and adolescents, in studies with at least one assessment under age 18. A literature search using Medline, PsychInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases identified 42 studies that examined MI. MI of eleven scales was tested in 1–9 studies per scale. Conclusions are hampered by different factor solutions tested within some scales. All included questionnaires showed preliminary evidence for MI across gender. Across some studies, crying had higher factor loadings in females compared to males, indicating that crying may be differently related to depression across gender. MI evidence was preliminary in just four scales across time, mostly confined to ages 13–17. One study showed developmental conclusions differed when non-invariance is not accounted for in observed scores. Overall, evidence for MI in child and adolescent depression scales is currently limited.

Background

The deficit in cognitive reappraisal capacity is a key factor in developing and maintaining emotional disorders such as anxiety disorders and depressive disorders. However, the results from both neuroimaging and behavioral studies are mixed. Therefore, we systematically conducted a series of meta-analyses based on behavioral and neuroimaging studies to clarify this issue.

Methods

In behavioral meta-analyses, we used three-level random-effects models to summarize the overall effect sizes based on Hedges' g. In neuroimaging meta-analyses, we used SDM-PSI to summarize the brain activation patterns.

Results

Behavioral meta-analyses found that individuals with anxiety disorders or depressive disorders could reduce negative reactivity through reappraisal; the reduction of negative emotions through reappraisal by individuals with anxiety disorders was similar to that by healthy individuals; the reduction by depressive disorders was lower than that of healthy individuals. Neuroimaging meta-analyses showed that individuals with anxiety disorders or depressive disorders activated regions of cognitive control during cognitive reappraisal; the activation in individuals with anxiety disorders was lower than in healthy individuals; while the activation in individuals with depressive disorders was similar to that in healthy individuals.

Conclusion

Individuals with anxiety and depressive disorders showed dissociation in behaviour and neuroimaging patterns of cognitive reappraisal capacity deficit.

Concerns surrounding electronic addictions, an umbrella term including any clinically significant technology-based addictive problem, have increased as technology has advanced. Although researchers and clinicians have observed detrimental effects associated with excessive technology use, there is no agreed-on definition or set of criteria for these problems. The lack of a consistent understanding of electronic addictions has led to a lack of consistency in both assessment and treatment studies, precluding strong recommendations for effective screening and clinical intervention. This meta-review integrates findings from 22 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of electronic addictions to determine which measures and interventions may effectively measure and treat electronic addictions. We conducted a meta-review using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Findings suggest that although some measures may have good internal consistency and reliability among college students, there was a general lack of consistency in how measures were used across studies, making comparison difficult. Psychological and exercise-based interventions were shown to reduce symptoms of electronic addictions short-term, but no treatment was superior to others in overall symptom reduction. Most included reviews raise serious concerns about the lack of consensus on what constitutes an electronic addiction. Consequently, it was not possible to draw conclusions about the overall efficacy of any measurement tools or interventions. We provide suggestions for next steps to establish the phenomenology of electronic addictions before additional research on assessment and intervention is conducted.

High-quality clinical care and research on suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) depends on availability and implementation of reliable and valid measures of STBs. In contrast to studies examining STB risk factors, screening instruments, or treatment, little research has rigorously examined the content, characteristics, and psychometric properties of STB measures themselves. This systematic review (1) identified STB measures that conform to empirically supported definitions of STBs, and (2) identified peer-reviewed papers reporting on the psychometric properties of these measures in adults. Data on psychometric properties and other measure characteristics were extracted. A total of 21 eligible measures were identified in the first stage. In the second stage, 70 articles (with 79 independent samples) were included with psychometric data in adult samples for 19 measures. Although there was support for strong internal consistency and content validity across many measures, face validity and clinical utility concerns were prevalent. Few measures comprehensively assessed suicidal behaviors, and interview-based assessments tended to show the strongest psychometric properties and clinical utility. Findings are discussed in the context of recommendations for improving existing measures, including future research to increase utility and translatability across clinical settings, delivery methods, and diverse populations.