Journal of Banking & Finance最新文献

英文中文

Share pledging of insiders and corporate debt contracting 内部人士股权质押和公司债务承包

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107567

Carl Hsin-han Shen , Hao Zhang

We examine whether insiders’ pledging of company stock as collateral for personal loans influences a company’s debt contracting. We attempt to identify causality through difference-in-differences analyses of an unexpected legislative change that exogenously reduced board directors’ pledging incentives. We find that firms with higher initial pledging levels, which subsequently experienced a significant decline in pledging ratios due to the regulation, benefited from lower loan spreads and less stringent non-price loan terms. We further hypothesize and provide evidence that the positive impact of insider pledging on corporate borrowing costs is less pronounced in closely held firms. Examining the mechanisms, we find that share pledging is positively related to earnings management, firm risk-taking behaviors, and agency problems. Overall, these findings suggest that banks perceive insider share pledging as engendering significant risks.

我们考察了内部人士以公司股票作为个人贷款抵押品是否影响公司的债务承包。我们试图通过对外生性降低董事会承诺激励的意外立法变化的差异分析来确定因果关系。我们发现，具有较高初始质押水平的公司，随后由于监管而经历了质押比率的显着下降，受益于较低的贷款利差和较宽松的非价格贷款条款。我们进一步假设并提供证据表明，内部人质押对公司借贷成本的积极影响在封闭式公司中不那么明显。通过机制分析，我们发现股权质押与盈余管理、企业风险承担行为和代理问题呈正相关。总体而言，这些发现表明，银行认为内部股权质押会产生重大风险。

引用次数: 0

Economic policy uncertainty and covenants in venture capital contracts 经济政策的不确定性与风险投资合同中的契约

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107562

Na Ding , Panpan Feng , Jianjun Liu , Zhaoyue Ren , Xueyong Zhang

This study investigates how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects venture capital (VC) contract terms. Using a unique database of contracts between VCs and entrepreneurial firms in China, we provide evidence that EPU positively affects the presence of investor-friendly covenants in VC contracts. Our mechanism analysis shows that screening for high-quality startups and VCs’ increased bargaining power are potential channels. Furthermore, we find that including more investor-friendly covenants mitigates the negative effect of EPU on VC exit performance.

本研究探讨经济政策不确定性对风险投资合约条款的影响。利用中国风险投资公司和创业公司之间的独特合同数据库，我们提供了证据，证明EPU积极影响风险投资合同中投资者友好契约的存在。我们的机制分析表明，筛选优质创业公司和提高风投议价能力是潜在的渠道。此外，我们发现加入更多的投资者友好型契约可以缓解EPU对风险投资退出绩效的负面影响。

引用次数: 0

Non-bank lending and firm performance: Evidence from the syndicate loan market 非银行贷款与企业绩效：来自银团贷款市场的证据

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107561

Sonny Biswas , Neslihan Ozkan , Junyang Yin

We find that in the leveraged loan sector, firms borrowing from non-banks have lower profitability following loan originations, compared to firms borrowing from banks, after controlling for observable factors. As non-bank borrowers experience less intense monitoring than bank borrowers, they engage in more risk-taking, which could explain their lower profitability following loan issuance. Using the leveraged lending guidance as a plausibly exogenous shock, which resulted in the migration of borrowers from banks to non-banks, we provide causal evidence corroborating our main results. Overall, our findings suggest that macroprudential policies which exclusively target the traditional banking sector may have negative consequences.

我们发现，在杠杆贷款领域，在控制了可观察因素后，与从银行借款的企业相比，从非银行机构借款的企业在贷款发放后的盈利能力较低。由于非银行借款人受到的监管不如银行借款人严格，它们承担的风险更大，这可以解释它们在发放贷款后盈利能力较低的原因。利用杠杆贷款指导作为一种看似合理的外生冲击，导致借款人从银行向非银行机构迁移，我们提供了证实我们主要结果的因果证据。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，专门针对传统银行业的宏观审慎政策可能会产生负面影响。

引用次数: 0

Does trade secret protection spur human capital investment? Evidence from the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine 商业秘密保护是否会刺激人力资本投资？不可避免披露原则的证据

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107559

Steven Xianglong Chen , Zhangfan Cao , Xiaolan Zheng

This study investigates the effect of trade secret protection on corporate investment in human capital. By leveraging the staggered adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) by U.S. states as an exogenous shock that significantly reduces talent mobility, we find that IDD adoption results in firms overinvesting in human capital, suggesting that firms strategically engage in precautionary human capital hoarding in response to the reduced talent supply in the labor market and increased labor adjustment costs. Our cross-sectional analyses show that the effect of IDD adoption on human capital investment is more pronounced for (1) firms in high-skill industries and (2) firms facing higher levels of product market competition. Finally, further analyses reveal that, in the context of a limited talent supply under IDD restrictions, high-skill firms with human capital reserves enjoy superior performance to those without such reserves. Overall, our study reveals an unintended consequence of growing trade secret protection in shifting the focus of firms’ human capital investment from “head-hunting” talent from rivals to “internal cultivation” of existing human capital within firms and has implications for both managers and policymakers amid the increasingly knowledge-intensive economic environment.

本研究探讨商业秘密保护对企业人力资本投资的影响。通过将美国各州交错采用“不可避免披露原则”（IDD）作为显著降低人才流动性的外生冲击，我们发现，采用“不可避免披露原则”导致企业对人力资本过度投资，这表明企业战略性地进行预防性人力资本囤积，以应对劳动力市场人才供应减少和劳动力调整成本增加。我们的横断面分析表明，采用IDD对人力资本投资的影响在(1)高技能行业的企业和(2)面临较高产品市场竞争水平的企业中更为明显。最后，进一步分析表明，在人才供给有限的IDD限制下，拥有人力资本储备的高技能企业的绩效优于没有人力资本储备的高技能企业。总体而言，我们的研究揭示了日益增长的商业秘密保护将企业人力资本投资的重点从从竞争对手那里“猎头”人才转移到企业内部现有人力资本的“内部培养”的意外后果，这对日益知识密集型的经济环境中的管理者和决策者都有启示。

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引用次数: 0

The innovation effects of regulation on bank wealth management products: Theory and evidence from China 监管对银行理财产品的创新效应：来自中国的理论与证据

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107558

Hong Chen , Zhao Jin , Yanfei Tang

This paper investigates how the regulation of bank wealth management products (WMPs) affects corporate innovation. We build a concise model linking firms’ assets allocation decisions to regulatory variables affecting banks. The model suggests that current WMP regulation can enhance formal lending and stimulate innovation among state-owned enterprises (SOEs), while having no impact on innovation in private enterprises (PEs). Empirically, we identify firms’ exposure to bank regulation by examining the number of WMPs issued by banks in 2017 and the distance between banks and firms. Our results indicate that innovation output significantly increased for highly exposed SOEs, while there was no significant change for PEs. Using city-level data, we further observe that regulation fosters innovation in regions with higher exposure. Our findings suggest that regulation exerts heterogeneous effects on the real economy by banks’ credit allocation and firms’ investment strategies.

本文研究了银行理财产品监管对企业创新的影响。我们建立了一个简洁的模型，将企业的资产配置决策与影响银行的监管变量联系起来。该模型表明，当前的理财产品监管可以增强国有企业的正规贷款，刺激国有企业的创新，而对民营企业的创新没有影响。从经验上看，我们通过考察2017年银行发行的理财产品数量以及银行与企业之间的距离来确定企业对银行监管的敞口。研究结果表明，高敞口国有企业的创新产出显著增加，而pe的创新产出变化不显著。利用城市层面的数据，我们进一步观察到，在风险敞口较高的地区，监管促进了创新。研究发现，监管通过银行信贷配置和企业投资策略对实体经济产生异质效应。

引用次数: 0

Housing markets: Auctions, granular shocks, and microstructure frictions 房地产市场：拍卖、颗粒冲击和微观结构摩擦

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107553

Alina Arefeva

This paper examines the drivers of housing market volatility through dynamic search-and-matching models that incorporate auctions. Two versions of the model are developed: one in which buyers visit homes randomly and another where search is directed by seller reserve prices. The analysis demonstrates that granular shocks and microstructure frictions—arising from the interaction of idiosyncratic and infrequent transactions, search frictions, and auctions-based pricing—generate persistent volatility, even in large markets such as Los Angeles. The paper also identifies systematic weekly patterns in housing activity, which account for up to 60% of monthly variation in sales and listings due to calendar composition. Recognizing and filtering out these predictable fluctuations ensures that the model targets economically meaningful sources of volatility. Together, granular shocks, microstructure frictions, and weekly patterns explain 70%–80% of sales and listings volatility, with the remainder driven by exogenous shocks. These findings underscore the importance of auctions, granular shocks, microstructure frictions, and weekly patterns in understanding housing market dynamics.

本文通过包含拍卖的动态搜索与匹配模型考察了住房市场波动的驱动因素。该模型有两种版本：一种是买家随机拜访房屋，另一种是根据卖家的底价进行搜索。分析表明，颗粒冲击和微观结构摩擦——由特殊和不频繁的交易、搜索摩擦和基于拍卖的定价的相互作用产生——产生持续的波动，即使在洛杉矶这样的大型市场也是如此。该论文还确定了住房活动的系统性每周模式，由于日历构成，这种模式占每月销售和上市变化的60%。识别并过滤掉这些可预测的波动，可确保模型以经济上有意义的波动源为目标。颗粒冲击、微观结构摩擦和每周模式共同解释了70%-80%的销售和上市波动，其余部分由外生冲击驱动。这些发现强调了拍卖、颗粒冲击、微观结构摩擦和每周模式在理解房地产市场动态方面的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Unencumbered by style: Why do funds change factor loadings, and does it help? 不受风格影响：为什么基金会改变因子负载，这有帮助吗？

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107544

Ting Bai , Jens Hilscher , Anna Scherbina

We show that, rather than maintaining a constant style, active equity funds alter their factor loadings over time. Style changes are larger following quarters in which funds either substantially under- or out-perform other funds based on returns or fund flows, which is explained by managers both not correcting the resulting passive style drift and deliberately reallocating a portion of the portfolio. Motivated by this observation, we identify a new measure of manager skill, which we call “tactical investment skill.” It captures a manager’s ex-ante observable ability to increase future returns through loadings changes. We show that high-skill managers outperform their low-skill peers in the following month in terms of raw returns and alphas. This outperformance is more pronounced following quarters with large loadings changes.

我们的研究表明，主动股票基金并没有保持不变的风格，而是随着时间的推移改变了它们的因素负荷。在基金根据回报或资金流大幅低于或超过其他基金的季度之后，风格变化会更大，这可以解释为，基金经理既没有纠正由此产生的被动风格漂移，也没有故意重新配置一部分投资组合。在这种观察的激励下，我们确定了一种新的衡量经理技能的方法，我们称之为“战术投资技能”。它捕捉了管理者通过负荷变化增加未来回报的事前可观察能力。我们发现，在接下来的一个月里，高技能经理人在原始回报和阿尔法指数方面的表现优于低技能经理人。在负载变化较大的季度之后，这种优异表现更加明显。

引用次数: 0

The stock market impact of volatility hedging: Evidence from end-of-day trading by VIX ETPs 波动率套期保值对股市的影响：来自波动率指数交易所交易产品日末交易的证据

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107556

Christine Bangsgaard, Thomas Kokholm

VIX futures market makers can hedge their volatility exposure by trading SPX options and futures. We use the daily VIX futures demand by VIX ETP issuers as an estimate of the end-of-day shock to market makers’ net position and find that the demand impacts the SPX futures market in the direction consistent with the VIX futures hedging channel. The VIX ETP demand is a strong predictor of the end-of-day SPX futures return in-sample and out-of-sample. We find evidence of a subsequent reversal, suggesting that VIX futures hedging activities can move the SPX futures market for reasons unrelated to price discovery.

波动率指数期货做市商可以通过交易标准普尔指数期权和期货来对冲其波动率敞口。我们使用VIX ETP发行者的每日VIX期货需求作为对做市商净头寸的日末冲击的估计，发现需求在与VIX期货对冲通道一致的方向上影响SPX期货市场。波动率指数ETP的需求是一个强有力的预测收盘标准普尔指数期货回报样本内和样本外。我们发现了随后反转的证据，表明VIX期货对冲活动可以由于与价格发现无关的原因移动标准普尔指数期货市场。

引用次数: 0

Option price asymmetry, speculation and stock short-sale cost 期权价格不对称，投机和股票卖空成本

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107539

Jiantao Ma , Yuanyi Zhang

We introduce implied variance asymmetry (

I V A

) — the weighted difference between out-of-the-money call and put option prices — as a predictor of cross-sectional option returns. We find that

I V A

negatively predicts future delta-hedged call returns and positively predicts future delta-hedged put returns. These predictive relationships reflect distinct investor behaviors: retail investors drive the overpricing of high-

I V A

call options through speculative demand, whereas informed short-sellers bid up prices of low-

I V A

puts as substitutes for constrained stock short-selling. Furthermore, stocks and put options characterized by low

I V A

and high short-sale costs experience significantly lower subsequent excess returns. This pattern suggests that low-

I V A

put buyers pay a premium and they correctly anticipate future stock price declines. In contrast, high-

I V A

call options exhibit temporary mispricing driven by uninformed speculation, which rapidly reverses.

我们引入隐含方差不对称（IVA）——价外看涨期权和看跌期权价格之间的加权差值——作为横断面期权收益的预测因子。我们发现IVA负向预测未来delta对冲看涨期权的收益，正向预测未来delta对冲看跌期权的收益。这些预测关系反映了不同的投资者行为：散户投资者通过投机需求推动高iva看涨期权的定价过高，而知情的卖空者则推高低iva看跌期权的价格，作为受限股票卖空的替代品。此外，以低IVA和高卖空成本为特征的股票和看跌期权的后续超额收益明显较低。这种模式表明，低iva看跌期权的买家支付了溢价，他们正确地预测了未来股价的下跌。相比之下，高iva看涨期权在不知情的投机行为的驱动下表现出暂时的错误定价，这种错误定价会迅速逆转。

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引用次数: 0

Variation in the value of active share across regions of investments: Evidence from global equity funds 投资区域内活跃份额价值的变化：来自全球股票基金的证据

IF 3.8 2区经济学 Q1 BUSINESS, FINANCE

Journal of Banking & Finance

Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107545

Markus Broman , Jon Fulkerson

Using a worldwide sample of 3250 global equity funds, we provide out-of-sample evidence of active share as a strong return predictor. However, a global fund’s within-region active share predicts superior performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific, but not in the United States. We reconcile this difference by showing that highly active global managers (whether based in the U.S. or elsewhere) have outperformed both in U.S. and international markets primarily when they are also betting on equity anomalies. The weak return predictability of active share alone in the U.S. stems from domestic anomalies and is not generalizable to global markets.

使用3250个全球股票基金的全球样本，我们提供了积极份额作为强大回报预测因子的样本外证据。然而，全球基金在地区内的活跃份额预示着欧洲和亚太地区的表现会更好，但在美国则不然。我们通过显示高度活跃的全球基金经理（无论是在美国还是其他地方）在美国和国际市场上的表现都优于大盘，从而调和了这一差异。仅在美国，活跃股的低回报可预测性就源于国内的异常现象，并不能推广到全球市场。

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全部 ACS Publications Elsevier ieeexplore Springer The Royal Society of Chemistry Wiley

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Journal of Banking & Finance

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