Research Policy最新文献_第7页

Spaces, forms, and levels engagement: Using the Powercube to explore social inclusion in digital energy and mobility systems 空间、形式和层次参与：使用Powercube探索数字能源和移动系统中的社会包容

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105323

Marie Claire Brisbois , Gerardo A. Torres Contreras , Morten Ryen Loe , Jessica Balest , Adrian Smith , Siddharth Sareen , Håvard Haarstad , Chiara Pellegrini , Federico Voltolini , Silvia Tomasi , Sonia Gantioler , Benjamin Sovacool

Energy and mobility transitions are often coupled with digital innovations to meet decarbonisation goals. Enthusiasm for digitalisation arises from the belief that such technologies can democratize energy and mobility supply and use, empower homeowners and communities, maximise efficiencies, and generally improve quality of life. However, realising these benefits depends upon effective inclusion, strong governance, and clear conceptions of shared responsibilities and accountability. These features can be limited in practice. This study examines social inclusion in digital energy and mobility systems through a power lens, and based on extensive, original, mixed-methods data across three comparative case studies: smart and local energy systems in Brighton (UK); smart meter-enabled energy communities in Trento (Italy); and digitalisation of urban mobility systems in Bergen (Norway). Through Gaventa's “Powercube” approach, a combined analytical and co-productive tool, the study interrogates claims of equity, justice, and improved social outcomes. It examines the state of, and potential for, inclusion in digitalised energy systems. Methodologically, the paper presents insights into the Powercube method – currently underexplored in energy and mobility transition scholarship – by analysing its strengths and weaknesses in studying these contexts. Empirically, the paper discusses the potential of digitalisation to increase energy and mobility system inclusion, and what this means for energy and social outcomes. Findings highlight that, pursued in their current forms, digitalisation of energy and mobility systems is exacerbating existing inequalities, entrenching exclusive decision practices, and creating new closed off spaces as public energy data is moved into private ownership.

能源和交通转型往往伴随着数字创新，以实现脱碳目标。对数字化的热情源于这样一种信念，即这种技术可以使能源和移动出行的供应和使用民主化，赋予房主和社区权力，最大限度地提高效率，并总体上提高生活质量。然而，实现这些好处取决于有效的包容、强有力的治理以及明确的共同责任和问责制概念。这些功能在实践中可能会受到限制。本研究通过电力视角考察了数字能源和移动系统中的社会包容性，并基于三个比较案例研究中的广泛、原始、混合方法数据：布莱顿（英国）的智能和本地能源系统；意大利特伦托的智能电表能源社区；以及卑尔根（挪威）城市交通系统的数字化。通过Gaventa的“Powercube”方法（一种综合分析和协同生产的工具），该研究询问了公平、正义和改善社会结果的主张。它考察了数字化能源系统的现状和潜力。在方法上，本文通过分析Powercube方法在研究这些背景下的优缺点，提出了对Powercube方法的见解——目前在能源和流动性转型研究中尚未得到充分探索。从经验上讲，本文讨论了数字化提高能源和交通系统包容性的潜力，以及这对能源和社会结果的意义。研究结果强调，能源和移动系统的数字化以目前的形式发展，加剧了现有的不平等，巩固了排他性的决策实践，并在公共能源数据转为私人所有时创造了新的封闭空间。

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引用次数: 0

Not like the others: Frontier scientists for inventive performance 不像其他人：前沿科学家的创新表现

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105339

Thomas Schaper , Sam Arts , Reinhilde Veugelers

Linking scientific articles in PubMed and corporate biomedical U.S. patents, we study the role of inventors who are frontier scientists, identified as authors of recent articles in top-general biomedical journals. We find that inventions by these “frontier authors” receive more patent citations, are more likely to become technology hits, and have broad technology impact. They are also more likely to be internally further developed by the firm, hold greater private value, and feature broader claims—not only compared to inventions by non-author inventors but also to those by non-frontier authors, including “star” authors. This impact premium is especially strong in scaled-up young biopharmaceutical firms and for frontier authors internally employed at the patenting firm. To better understand the mechanism behind the impact premium of frontier-author patents, we analyze their boundary spanning role. We find that frontier-author patents are more likely to use and to be first users of frontier science. However, while frontier-author patents achieve peak impact when referencing frontier science, this advantage is comparable to other patents that reference frontier science. And as frontier-author patents also enjoy an impact premium on patents referencing other than frontier science, our results, thus, suggest that closeness to frontier science in only part of the story of the superior impact of inventions by frontier scientists.

我们将PubMed上的科学文章与美国企业生物医学专利联系起来，研究前沿科学家的发明家的角色，这些发明家被确定为顶级生物医学期刊上最近文章的作者。我们发现，这些“前沿作者”的发明获得了更多的专利引用，更有可能成为技术热点，并具有广泛的技术影响。它们也更有可能由公司内部进一步发展，拥有更大的私人价值，并具有更广泛的权利要求——不仅与非作者发明家的发明相比，而且与包括“明星”作者在内的非前沿作者的发明相比。这种影响溢价在规模较大的年轻生物制药公司和专利公司内部雇用的前沿作者中尤为明显。为了更好地理解前沿作者专利影响溢价背后的机制，我们分析了它们的边界跨越作用。我们发现，前沿作者专利更有可能使用前沿科学，并成为前沿科学的第一使用者。然而，虽然前沿作者专利在引用前沿科学时达到峰值影响，但这种优势与其他引用前沿科学的专利相当。由于前沿作者专利在引用前沿科学以外的专利时也享有影响溢价，因此，我们的研究结果表明，与前沿科学的接近只是前沿科学家发明产生卓越影响的部分原因。

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引用次数: 0

The paradox of competition: How funding models could undermine the uptake of data sharing practices 竞争的悖论：资助模式如何破坏数据共享实践的吸收

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105340

Thomas Klebel , Federico Bianchi , Tony Ross-Hellauer , Flaminio Squazzoni

Although it is beneficial to scientific development, data sharing is still uncommon in many research areas. Various organisations, including funding agencies that endorse open science, are working to increase uptake. However, it is difficult to estimate the large-scale implications of different policy interventions on data sharing by funding agencies, especially in the context of intense competition among academics. In this study, we developed an agent-based simulation model to examine the impact of different funding schemes (e.g., highly competitive large grants versus distributive small grants), and the intensity of incentives on the uptake of data sharing by academic teams that adapt their strategy according to the context. Our results show that, in the short term, more competitive funding schemes may lead to higher rates of data sharing, but lower rates in the long term because the uncertainty associated with competitive funding negatively affects the cost/benefit ratio of data sharing. Conversely, more distributive grants imply a drastic reduction in initial uptake compared to more competitive funding schemes because they do not allow academic teams to cover the costs and time required for data sharing. However, they ensure higher long term uptake. Our findings suggest that any attempt to reform reward and recognition systems in line with open science principles must carefully consider the potential impact and long-term side effects of their proposed policies.

虽然数据共享有利于科学的发展，但在许多研究领域，数据共享仍不常见。各种组织，包括支持开放科学的资助机构，都在努力提高对开放科学的吸收。然而，很难估计不同政策干预对资助机构数据共享的大规模影响，特别是在学术界激烈竞争的背景下。在这项研究中，我们开发了一个基于代理的模拟模型，以检查不同资助计划（例如，高度竞争的大额资助与分配性小额资助）的影响，以及学术团队根据环境调整策略时对数据共享的激励强度。我们的研究结果表明，在短期内，更具竞争性的资助方案可能会导致更高的数据共享率，但在长期内会降低数据共享率，因为与竞争性资助相关的不确定性会对数据共享的成本/效益比产生负面影响。相反，与更具竞争性的资助计划相比，更具分配性的资助意味着初始吸收的急剧减少，因为它们不允许学术团队支付数据共享所需的成本和时间。然而，它们确保了更高的长期吸收率。我们的研究结果表明，任何根据开放科学原则改革奖励和认可系统的尝试都必须仔细考虑其拟议政策的潜在影响和长期副作用。

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引用次数: 0

Science knowledge localizes 科学知识本土化

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105333

B. Balsmeier , S. Lück , L. Fleming

Science research and socio-economic advantage appear to co-locate geographically. As with technology knowledge spillovers, these benefits of science research are often ascribed to the localization of interpersonal science knowledge spillovers. Well-crafted causal designs have failed, however, to confirm knowledge spillovers in science or estimated the differences between technology and science spillovers. If published science did not localize – and was freely available to all – then firms would have little reason to locate near its source and nations little reason to fund science research. We isolate the mechanism of interpersonal spillovers and provide arguably causal evidence and quantitative visualization of the localization of science knowledge; following the unexpected departure of a scientist, and leveraging death as a quasi-natural experiment, papers without local co-authors receive 28 % fewer science paper, 45 % fewer medical paper, and 67 % fewer patent citations, from within a radius of 20 miles around the deceased, relative to still-living co-authors in other geographical locations. The effects first deepen and then attenuate with time, hold for within scientist estimations, and decrease monotonically up to 180 miles.

科学研究和社会经济优势在地理上似乎是共存的。与技术知识溢出一样，科学研究的这些好处往往归因于人际科学知识溢出的本地化。然而，精心设计的因果关系设计未能证实科学中的知识溢出或估计技术和科学溢出之间的差异。如果发表的科学没有本地化——并且对所有人免费提供——那么公司就没有理由在其来源附近选址，国家也没有理由资助科学研究。我们分离了人际溢出的机制，并提供了科学知识本地化的因果证据和定量可视化；随着一位科学家的意外离开，并将死亡作为一种准自然实验，在死者周围20英里半径内，没有当地合作者的论文收到的科学论文减少28%，医学论文减少45%，专利引用减少67%，相对于其他地理位置的仍然活着的合作者而言。随着时间的推移，这种影响首先加深，然后减弱，在科学家的估计范围内保持不变，直到180英里处单调下降。

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引用次数: 0

How intermediaries manage knowledge to support public procurement of innovation: The case of UK defence 中介机构如何管理知识以支持公共创新采购：以英国国防为例

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105335

Kostas Selviaridis , Elvira Uyarra

We investigate how innovation intermediaries mobilise their knowledge management capacities to support public procurement of innovation (PPI). Prior research on PPI intermediation has highlighted various knowledge-intensive roles of intermediaries (e.g., as subject experts and trainers), but how exactly intermediaries are organised internally and how they operate to source, process, and transfer PPI-related knowledge remains elusive. We offer novel insights through a rich case study of intermediation in the UK defence context, where intermediaries are tasked with addressing gaps in innovation-oriented procurement knowledge and capabilities and help to improve procurement performance. We contribute to PPI intermediation literature by showing how intermediaries utilise their absorptive capacity and desorptive capacity to manage technical, commercial, and managerial knowledge in support of PPI implementation. We also extend the broader literature on innovation intermediaries by unveiling the organisational structures, processes, and routines underpinning the enactment of intermediary absorptive and desorptive capacities; and elucidating the distinctive nature of desorptive capacity in the context of innovation intermediation. We additionally demonstrate that intermediaries' absorptive capacity, rather than that of client organisations, creates value for intermediaries and their clients alike.

我们调查了创新中介机构如何调动他们的知识管理能力来支持创新的公共采购（PPI）。先前关于PPI中介的研究强调了中介机构的各种知识密集型角色（例如，作为学科专家和培训师），但中介机构内部究竟是如何组织的，以及它们如何运作以获取、处理和转移PPI相关知识，仍然是难以捉摸的。我们通过在英国国防背景下丰富的中介案例研究提供新颖的见解，中介机构的任务是解决创新导向采购知识和能力方面的差距，并帮助提高采购绩效。我们通过展示中介机构如何利用其吸收能力和解吸能力来管理技术、商业和管理知识，以支持PPI的实施，从而为PPI中介文献做出贡献。我们还通过揭示支持中介吸收和解吸能力制定的组织结构、流程和惯例，扩展了关于创新中介的更广泛的文献；并阐明了创新中介背景下解吸能力的独特性质。我们还证明，中介机构的吸收能力，而不是客户组织的吸收能力，为中介机构及其客户创造了价值。

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引用次数: 0

The effects of investments in research infrastructures of higher education institutes: Evidence from Poland and Czechia 高等教育机构研究基础设施投资的影响：来自波兰和捷克的证据

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105338

Krzysztof Klincewicz, Mansour Esmaeil Zaei

Investments in research infrastructures (RIs) enable universities to enhance scientific excellence, internationalization and industrial collaboration. The study leverages a unique, large dataset of RIs funding awarded to higher education institutes (HEIs) in Czechia and Poland, based on EU cohesion funds, 2007–2013. Both countries benefited from disproportionally high shares of funding allocated to RIs in this relatively short period. The study analyzes the effects of RIs funding for HEIs, including the counts of publications, publishing scientists and collaborations with scientific and industrial partners. It uses the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore conditions necessary and sufficient to accomplish the expected outcomes. fsQCA identified equifinal pathways for large/small, generalist/specialized universities, health and life science / physical science and engineering infrastructures as well as levels of regional economic development. The results revealed 5 distinctive approaches that HEIs might adopt while investing in RIs, depending on existing configurations of organizational and environmental variables that influence the effectiveness of RIs funding. The findings offer valuable insights for policy makers and HEI management considering how to optimally allocate funds for RIs.

对研究基础设施（RIs）的投资使大学能够提高科学卓越性、国际化和产业合作。该研究利用了一个独特的大型数据集，该数据集基于2007-2013年欧盟凝聚力基金，记录了捷克和波兰高等教育机构（HEIs）获得的RIs资助。在这个相对较短的时期内，这两个国家都从分配给RIs的资金中获得了不成比例的高份额。该研究分析了RIs资助对高等教育机构的影响，包括出版物数量、出版科学家数量以及与科学和工业伙伴的合作。它使用模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）来探索实现预期结果的必要和充分条件。fsQCA确定了大型/小型、综合/专业大学、健康和生命科学/物理科学和工程基础设施以及区域经济发展水平的等效路径。结果揭示了高等教育机构在投资RIs时可能采用的5种不同方法，这取决于影响RIs资金有效性的组织和环境变量的现有配置。研究结果为决策者和高等教育机构管理人员考虑如何为高等教育机构优化配置资金提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Reaching for the society: The commercialization effects of NASA technology licensing 走向社会：NASA技术许可的商业化效应

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105337

Marek Giebel , Anja Rösner

How does technology transfer of government inventions affect follow-on innovation? Recognizing the importance of technology development and commercialization, the United States enacted several policies in the 1980s aimed at promoting the commercialization of government-funded research through licensing. However, it remains debated whether patenting and licensing effectively stimulate welfare-enhancing follow-on innovation. To address this question, we leverage technology data from NASA’s Technology Transfer Program, which facilitates licensing of NASA inventions to third parties, and combine it with United States patent data. Our analysis shows that exclusive licensing announcements are associated with increases in subsequent technological developments. These follow-on innovations originate from diverse entities and locations and span various technology fields, indicating substantial knowledge spillovers. Consequently, our findings suggest that commercialization via licensing of government inventions represents a policy instrument for increasing societal benefits.

政府发明的技术转移如何影响后续创新？认识到技术发展和商业化的重要性，美国在20世纪80年代制定了几项政策，旨在通过许可促进政府资助的研究的商业化。然而，专利和许可是否有效地刺激了提高福利的后续创新仍然存在争议。为了解决这个问题，我们利用了NASA技术转让计划中的技术数据，该计划促进了NASA发明向第三方的许可，并将其与美国专利数据结合起来。我们的分析表明，独家授权公告与后续技术发展的增长有关。这些后续创新来自不同的实体和地点，跨越不同的技术领域，显示出大量的知识溢出。因此，我们的研究结果表明，通过政府发明许可的商业化是增加社会效益的政策工具。

引用次数: 0

Entrepreneurial ecosystems and the persistence of regional high-growth firm shares: A reply to van Dijk, Leendertse, Stam, and van Rijnsoever (2025) 创业生态系统与区域高增长公司股份的持久性：对van Dijk、Leendertse、Stam和van rijn无论（2025）的回复

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105325

Alex Coad , Stjepan Srhoj

van Dijk et al. (2025) attempt to replicate our previous study. Major problems are discussed. First, their replication (in Study 1) uses three datasets, but none of the three are suitable for the task. Second, there is confusion about the time period covered by the data, and confusion about whether growth is measured over three years or two years. Third, ideally, the replication should use an indicator that has the same denominator, and also the same numerator. Fourth, the proposed indicator of persistence in Study 2 seems incapable of distinguishing between cases of positive persistence and negative persistence, which is of course a fundamental requirement of a persistence indicator. To summarize, we refer the reader instead to our own recently-published replication on 20 EU countries, that finds different results.

van Dijk等人（2025）试图复制我们之前的研究。讨论了主要问题。首先，他们的复制（在研究1中）使用了三个数据集，但这三个数据集都不适合这项任务。其次，人们对数据所涵盖的时间段感到困惑，对增长是按三年还是两年来衡量存在困惑。第三，理想情况下，复制应该使用具有相同分母和相同分子的指示符。第四，研究2中提出的坚持指标似乎无法区分积极坚持和消极坚持，这当然是坚持指标的基本要求。总而言之，我们建议读者参考我们最近发表的对20个欧盟国家的复制研究，得出了不同的结果。

引用次数: 0

The fine print of collaboration: How contractual provisions govern IP and disclosure in publicly funded research 合作的细则：合同条款如何管理公共资助研究中的知识产权和信息披露

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105336

Haakon Thue Lie , Knut Jørgen Egelie , Christoph Grimpe , Roger Sørheim

We investigate how public funding and competing orientations shape the contractual provisions regarding intellectual property (IP) and disclosure in university–industry collaborations. By systematically coding and analysing the contracts of 484 collaborations funded by the Research Council of Norway, we identify considerable heterogeneity in IP ownership, exploitation rights, publication policies, and confidentiality rules. Our cluster analysis reveals three distinct governance models: proprietary partnerships, controlled access agreements, and open science collaborations. Controlled access agreements—where universities retain IP ownership, but industry partners hold exploitation rights and impose disclosure restrictions—are the most common. Regression analyses show that higher public funding shares are significantly associated with reduced industry ownership and use rights, but not with publication or confidentiality restrictions. Moreover, projects with more diverse consortia and research-oriented funding instruments tend to adopt less restrictive disclosure provisions. These findings challenge the simplistic open–closed dichotomy and offer a nuanced understanding of how contractual provisions mediate the diffusion of publicly funded research. Our study contributes to debates on open science, knowledge monopolies, and the strategic governance of research outcomes.

我们研究了公共资金和竞争导向如何影响大学-产业合作中关于知识产权（IP）和信息披露的合同条款。通过系统地编码和分析由挪威研究委员会资助的484个合作项目的合同，我们发现知识产权所有权、开发权、出版政策和保密规则方面存在相当大的异质性。我们的聚类分析揭示了三种不同的治理模式：专有伙伴关系、受控访问协议和开放科学合作。控制访问协议——大学保留知识产权所有权，但行业合作伙伴拥有开发权并施加披露限制——是最常见的。回归分析表明，较高的公共资金份额与减少的行业所有权和使用权显著相关，但与出版或保密限制无关。此外，具有更多样化的财团和以研究为导向的资助工具的项目往往采用较少限制性的披露条款。这些发现挑战了简单的开放封闭二分法，并对合同条款如何调节公共资助研究的传播提供了细致入微的理解。我们的研究有助于讨论开放科学、知识垄断和研究成果的战略治理。

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引用次数: 0

Women's empowerment and participation in innovation: Evidence from the one-child policy in China 妇女赋权与参与创新：来自中国独生子女政策的证据

IF 8 1区管理学 Q1 MANAGEMENT

Research Policy

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.respol.2025.105334

Zhijie Zhang , Qingqing Zong

Women have historically been underrepresented in technological innovation activities, leading to a substantial underutilisation of human resources. This study examines the impact of family-level women's empowerment on their participation in innovation using China's one-child policy and patent data from 2009 to 2021. The findings indicate that strengthening women's empowerment can effectively enhance their participation in innovation by increasing human capital, reducing domestic responsibilities, reinforcing gender equality awareness, and increasing the likelihood of remaining unmarried. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis of enterprise characteristics and regional factors reveals that the positive impact of women's empowerment on participation in innovation is more pronounced in enterprises with a higher proportion of female directors, lower market uncertainty, and weaker competition. The effect is also more significant in regions with weaker fertility culture, son preference, and gender identity norms. This study contributes to eliminate occupational gender segregation and fully use women's intellectual resources to promote innovation.

妇女历来在技术创新活动中的代表性不足，导致人力资源的利用严重不足。本研究利用2009年至2021年中国的独生子女政策和专利数据，考察了家庭层面的女性赋权对她们参与创新的影响。研究结果表明，加强女性赋权可以通过增加人力资本、减少家庭责任、增强性别平等意识和增加未婚可能性等方式有效提高女性对创新的参与。此外，对企业特征和区域因素的异质性分析表明，在女性董事比例较高、市场不确定性较低、竞争较弱的企业中，女性赋权对创新参与的积极影响更为明显。在生育文化、重男轻女和性别认同规范较弱的地区，这种影响也更为显著。本研究有助于消除职业性别隔离，充分利用女性智力资源促进创新。

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引用次数: 0