American Psychologist最新文献

Jerry was born on September 7, 1944, to Doris and Francis Rudmann. He completed his bachelor's degree in psychology at California State University, Fullerton (1967), where a course in statistics forever changed his life. There he met his future wife, Bari. They were married 57 years ago and had three children, Darrell, Brent, and Ashley (Debbie, Kristina, and Adam), and five grandchildren, Oliver, Linus, Allison, Katie, and Lukas. Jerry worked at Irvine Valley Community College for 30 years, beginning as a founding faculty (and the only psychology professor at that time). He won many awards and recognitions. Jerry died on May 16, 2024, from pancreatic cancer. Jerry was exceptional in many ways. He was a staunch advocate for students and faculty at community colleges; he worked on multiple national projects designed to improve undergraduate education; and his thoughtful kindness touched everyone with whom he interacted. His commitment to enhancing all aspects of community college came naturally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Memorializes William M. Reynolds (1951-2024). "Bill" served as director of the graduate program in school psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and held appointments as principal investigator at the Waisman Center on Mental Retardation and Human Development and as discipline chief of Psychology of the University Affiliated Program at the Waisman Center. He developed the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale and the Reynolds Childhood Depression Scale, which are widely used both clinically and in research. Bill held a professorship at the University of British Columbia (1991-2000), serving as director of the School Psychology graduate program. In 2000, Dr. Reynolds returned to California as professor of Psychology at Cal Poly Humboldt. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Memorializes Michael A. (Mick) Smyer (1950-2024). Mick was a clinical psychologist, gerontologist, expert in mental health and aging policy, academic administrator, and climate activist. He contributed importantly to the development of clinical geropsychology from the beginning of its emergence as an organized field. Among many roles and recognitions, Mick was president of Division 20 of the American Psychological Association (APA). He contributed to the founding of the Clinical Geropsychology section of Division 12 and was the section's first president. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Roger Kirk, renowned for his many contributions to psychological research methods, passed away on December 30, 2023, in Waco, Texas, at the age of 93. Born in Indiana on February 23, 1930, Roger spent most of his childhood in Kentucky and Ohio. He developed an interest in the trombone as a teenager, so planned a musical career when he enrolled at The Ohio State University. After earning bachelor's and master's degrees in music, however, he came to realize he was "just an average trombone player." Some vocational guidance led him to Ohio State's experimental psychology doctoral program, which he started in 1952. Roger summed up his substantial career change as follows: "God gives all of us talents, it just took me longer than most people to find mine." Roger's doctoral research focused on psychoacoustics, so after completing his dissertation in 1955, he took a job as a psychoacoustical engineer at the Baldwin Piano and Organ Company. Roger was an accomplished author and received a multitude of accolades during his career; including Baylor's highest teaching designation (Master Teacher, 1993) and highest scholarship designation (Distinguished Professor, 1995). Roger is survived by "the love of my life," Jane Abbott-Kirk, whom he married in 1983. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Emerging trends toward greater pay transparency and more freedom in teaming decisions intersect to highlight a potential conflict. Extant research suggests that visible pay disparities should adversely affect collaborations, particularly with higher paid partners, but we challenge this thesis and present three preregistered studies demonstrating that visible salary disparities can positively affect collaboration with higher paid peers in teaming decisions. In Studies 1 and 2, people chose to collaborate with higher rather than lower paid peers unless explicitly told that their potential collaborators' knowledge, skills, abilities, and experience were similar, suggesting that pay was viewed as a signal for competence. In Study 3, the preference for working with higher paid peers was replicated even when the decision-makers were familiar with their potential coworkers. In contrast to teaming decisions, in a fourth preregistered study (Study 4) focused on hiring decisions, people were less likely to hire a candidate with a higher (vs. lower) pay history for a subordinate position on their team. Taken together, the studies demonstrate that visible pay disparities affect collaboration and selection decisions but in different ways: People tend to show a bias in favor of higher paid peers as collaboration partners, while they show an aversion to hiring people with higher pay histories as subordinates. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A recent American Psychological Association Summit provided an urgent call to transform psychological science and practice away from a solely individual-level focus to become accountable for population-level impact on health and mental health. A population focus ensures the mental health of all children, adolescents, and adults and the elimination of inequities across groups. Science must guide three components of this transformation. First, effective individual-level interventions must be scaled up to the population level using principles from implementation science, investing in novel intervention delivery systems (e.g., online, mobile application, text, interactive voice response, and machine learning-based), harnessing the strength of diverse providers, and forging culturally informed adaptations. Second, policy-driven community-level interventions must be innovated and tested, such as public efforts to promote physical activity, public policies to support families in early life, and regulation of corporal punishment in schools. Third, transformation is needed to create a new system of universal primary care for mental health, based on models such as Family Connects, Triple P, PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience, Communities That Care, and the Early Childhood Collaborative of the Pittsburgh Study. This new system must incorporate valid measurement, universal screening, and a community-based infrastructure for service delivery. Addressing tasks ahead, including scientific creativity and discovery, rigorous evaluation, and community accountability, will lead to a comprehensive strategic plan to shape the emergent field of public mental health. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Appropriate training and continuing education for mental health professionals are designed to ensure that clinicians provide effective and ethical care. Mental health consumers may depend upon these credentials to judge the level of a professional's competence, but whether these activities and credentials provide a valid indicator of knowledge and skills is subject to debate. The present study was designed to examine preferences for mental health clinicians among potential consumers and factors that may inform these preferences, specifically comparing preferences for doctoral-level mental health clinicians and masters-level clinicians with and without specialty certification for treating anxiety symptoms. Cross-sectional assessment with self-report surveys (clinician preferences, prior mental health diagnosis and treatment, demographic characteristics, generalized anxiety symptoms, mental health literacy, and mental health stigma) was administered in two samples: a college student sample (N = 224; 71.9% female; M_age = 19.1, SD = 1.5) and a sample of adults with chronic pain (N = 116; 74.1% female; M_age = 43.8, SD = 13.8). The present study found that across both samples, therapists with a specialty certification were preferred over those without such credentials within each profession, and that certification status trumped professional standing such that certified masters-level clinicians were rated more highly than noncertified PhD-level clinicians. These findings are indicative of a schism between how the field of clinical psychology conceptualizes itself and how it is seen by its consumers. Implications of our findings for mental health consumers, clinicians, and professional organizations are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Lee Gurel, who had a distinguished career as a research psychologist with the Veterans Administration, passed away at home in Alexandria, Virginia, on July 24, 2023, at the age of 96. Gurel was born on October 1, 1926, in Poland, and came to the United States with his family in 1930. He was a prolific researcher with over 120 publications. Some of his lasting contributions to the field came from his tireless philanthropic efforts to support educators and students. The depth of his engagement in the communities of which he was a part led him to receive multiple honors. Gurel's strong analytic and quantitative skills, combined with his quiet leadership style, contributed to improving our research understanding in psychology. His compassion for others and his insatiable belief in the transformative power of education helped model for the field the importance of the linkages between research, teaching, and civic life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article memorializes Josephine D. Johnson (1951-2023), clinical psychologist. Johnson contributed significantly to the evolution of multicultural psychology. She served as Chair of the American Psychological Association (APA) Task Force on the Implementation of the Multicultural Guidelines. Highlights of Johnson's career and her professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).