American Psychologist最新文献

Recent academic debate has seen the emergence of the claim that misinformation is not a significant societal problem. We argue that the arguments used to support this minimizing position are flawed, particularly if interpreted (e.g., by policymakers or the public) as suggesting that misinformation can be safely ignored. Here, we rebut the two main claims, namely that misinformation is not of substantive concern (a) due to its low incidence and (b) because it has no causal influence on notable political or behavioral outcomes. Through a critical review of the current literature, we demonstrate that (a) the prevalence of misinformation is nonnegligible if reasonably inclusive definitions are applied and that (b) misinformation has causal impacts on important beliefs and behaviors. Both scholars and policymakers should therefore continue to take misinformation seriously. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The frontier of artificial intelligence (AI) is constantly moving, raising fears and concerns whenever AI is deployed in a new occupation. Some of these fears are legitimate and should be addressed by AI developers-but others may result from psychological barriers, suppressing the uptake of a beneficial technology. Here, we show that country-level variations across occupations can be predicted by a psychological model at the individual level. Individual fears of AI in a given occupation are associated with the mismatch between psychological traits people deem necessary for an occupation and perceived potential of AI to possess these traits. Country-level variations can then be predicted by the joint cultural variations in psychological requirements and AI potential. We validated this preregistered prediction for six occupations (doctors, judges, managers, care workers, religious workers, and journalists) on a representative sample of 500 participants from each of 20 countries (total N = 10,000). Our findings may help develop best practices for designing and communicating about AI in a principled yet culturally sensitive way, avoiding one-size-fits-all approaches centered on Western values and perceptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Dodge et al. (2024) outlined the gap between population mental health needs and the current capacity of the U.S. health care system to provide necessary services. We add international examples and a global perspective to their observations. Unlike some nations, the mental health needs in the United States occur in the context of privatized, for-profit health care. Nations that offer population-based mental health services may have achieved greater success through the use of nontraditional providers and by leveraging technology. We suggest that both proactive and preventive interventions are needed to build a mentally healthy ecosystem in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Memorializes Susan M. Johnson (1947-2024). Johnson was a world-leading researcher, therapist, and the primary developer of emotionally focused therapy (EFT), the leading form of couple therapy. Her innovative approach to therapy, which is also used with individuals and families, focuses on the power of emotion to create change and is based in attachment science. Johnson actively used research to develop, refine, and advance EFT. She was a distinguished research professor at Alliant International University, a professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of British Columbia, and a professor emeritus of clinical psychology at the University of Ottawa. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

While the impact of heat on physical health is well-known and discussed, researchers, clinicians, and individuals fail to recognize the severity of such heat on one's mental health. Unfortunately, as temperatures are expected to continue rising, the potential consequences of neither recognizing nor effectively responding to this relation between mental health and extreme heat can prove disastrous to the world's health. Further, no prior publication has ever provided an extensive review of this mental health vulnerability. The current article therefore aimed to address this critical therapeutic and research gap by proposing three distinct, but related, goals. The following article first summarizes the variety of psychiatric and cognitive impairments that stem from exposure to rising temperatures, in an effort to highlight the gravity of this relationship. Next, a variety of biological, social, and cognitive causes are reviewed, demonstrating various theories as to why heat exposure creates such significant psychiatric impairment. Finally, the article will end by identifying and reviewing a variety of moderating, yet important, facets that either exacerbate or reduce one's emotional vulnerability to rising temperatures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Douglas Candland, founder of the first undergraduate major in animal behavior and long-time editor of the Review in General Psychology, passed away on April 16, 2023. Doug's influence in the fields of psychology and animal behavior was enormous. Doug was born on July 9, 1934, and grew up in Southern California. He completed his undergraduate degree at Pomona College in 1956, with a very interdisciplinary suite of majors in psychology, philosophy, and history. He then traveled across the country to Princeton University where he completed his PhD in psychology in 1959, and after a year's postdoc at the University of Virginia, he began a faculty position in psychology at Bucknell University in Lewisburg, Pennsylvania. It was here that Doug spent his entire academic career, retiring in 2003. In 1968, Doug established the animal behavior major at Bucknell. For many years, this remained the only undergraduate major in animal behavior in the United States. Doug was a gifted teacher and was recognized by both the Animal Behavior Society and the American Psychological Foundation for his outstanding mentorship and creativity in the classroom. It was not at all unusual for students to gather at his home for a potluck and conversation. Doug had a sharp wit and an infectious laugh. He was gifted at seeing the potential in his students and nurturing it in all ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article memorializes Robert (Bob) T. Fraser (1946-2023), a dedicated advocate for people with disabilities. Bob's contributions were prolific; he authored or coauthored more than 140 peer-reviewed journal articles and book chapters and coedited five texts. He was awarded Federal grants by the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research, the Rehabilitation Services Administration, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Bob was an integral part of a Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems research team, specializing in outcomes and cost efficacy of return-to-work interventions (e.g., one-to-one placement, supported employment, and paid coworker as trainer) following moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury. Highlights of Fraser's career and professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This award is given to individuals who have made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge in psychology. The Committee for Global Psychology (CGP) is pleased to present the 2024 American Psychological Association (APA) Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to Hector Betancourt, PhD. Dr. Betancourt, Distinguished Professor of Psychology at Loma Linda University and Professor Titular Adjunto at Universidad de La Frontera, Chile, exemplifies the best of international scholarship, mentorship, leadership, and service. Since receiving his PhD in social psychology from UCLA in 1983, he has worked as a faculty and led the efforts to build three doctoral programs in the United States and Chile. His research focuses on cognition-emotion processes; sociostructural, cultural, and psychological determinants of health behavior and social issues; and cultural biases and interactions in health care. Dr. Betancourt has an extensive history of service to APA and is a fellow of Divisions 1, 45, 48, and 52. He has served on the editorial boards of peer-reviewed journals based in the United States, Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Spain, and his accomplishments have been recognized within the psychology community through many international awards. CGP especially wants to highlight the practical, long-lasting, and powerful impact of his work on psychology training programs and social issues internationally. CGP is delighted and honored to present this award to Dr. Hector Betancourt. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Identity formation among immigrant communities, particularly for ethnic-racial minorities like Asian Indian Americans, is a multifaceted process. Shaped by preimmigration histories of British colonization and the caste system and the Indian diasporic postimmigration, experiences of physical and psychological displacement alongside racism in the United States contribute to the complexity of identity for this community. Although existing racial and ethnic identity models offer valuable frameworks, they may not fully capture the nuanced in-between spaces created by the intersectionality of ethnicity and race for Asian Indian Americans in the United States. Drawing from psychological critical race theory (CRT), Asian CRT, DesiCRT, and colonial mentality framework, this article proposes a unique identity model tailored to Asian Indian American experiences. Drawing from recent research, the model illuminates the dynamics of pre- and postimmigrant frictions in the negotiations and coping inherent in Asian Indian American identity formation. By using a multidimensional lens that captures tensions between ethnic identities based in sociopolitical histories and dominant societal categorizations and racism in the United States, this model aims to provide a more comprehensive and strength-based understanding of Asian Indian American identity development across the lifespan of multiple generations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Weight bias and stigma are widespread, unjust, and harmful to health. Increased empirical attention to the internalization of weight bias and stigma (or weight self-stigma) has revealed significant health implications that require further study and intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge on the conceptualization, measurement, prevalence, and correlates of internalized weight stigma. Associations with mental and physical health outcomes and evidence from emerging interventions are discussed, along with scientific challenges, knowledge gaps, and opportunities to advance the understanding and reduction of this and other forms of internalized health-related stigma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).