American Psychologist最新文献

This article memorializes Jean Maria Arrigo (1944-2024). Jean Maria's dedication to pursuing truth and accountability led to ethical reforms to the world's largest organization of psychologists. Despite her success in reforming APA policy, until her death, Jean Maria remained deeply concerned about the weaponization of psychology and the dangers posed by ties between professional associations and the national security establishment. Highlights of Arrigo's career and professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This article memorializes Daniel Kahneman (1934-2024), Danny was always fascinated by the complexities and inconsistencies of human behavior, beliefs, values, and tastes, if also by the grand problems of philosophy. His pioneering work led to his influential theory of attention as a limited resource that could be allocated to various tasks presented in his first book, Attention and Effort (1974). Prospect theory remained his most cited work by far and was the central work cited in his Nobel Prize award in 2002. Danny's Nobel Prize Lecture, carried the seeds of his highly influential book, Thinking Fast and Slow (2011). His research influenced policy and program development in economics, philosophy, psychology, and artificial intelligence. Highlights of Kahneman's career and professional contributions are noted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Herein, I characterize free will (FW) is an evolved functional capacity within the mature human mind, which provides us with numerous adaptive benefits. The FW capacity was selected for because it enables us to respond effectively to momentary contingencies, via on-the-spot deliberation. But FW also extricates us from the present moment, enabling us to generate and decide between imagined long-term futures. Based upon a compatibilist philosophical definition of FW, I present a creative process model of how the FW capacity works, the goal breakthrough model. I show that the goal breakthrough model is consistent with extant neuroscientific research on the brain networks involved in creative cognition and choice. I also show that (a) exercising one's FW is a basic psychological need, as evidenced by the fact that thwarting peoples' autonomy can be harmful, and that (b) the FW process is influenced by peoples' broad goals and narrative identities, providing a way for we conscious people to causally affect our lives and the world. Finally, I show how this framework integrates recent arguments that FW may be a uniquely human adaptation, ranging from neuroscience and cognitive to personality, social, and cultural perspectives. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The American Psychological Association released its second edition of the Inclusive Language Guide in late 2023. The guidance on the use of the terms "White" or "European American" did not change from the first edition. In this reply, we provide the rationale for using the terms "White" and "European" interchangeably for brevity in academic and policy discussions. Nonetheless, brevity should not be prioritized over accuracy or specificity. This recommendation also aims to explain how the use of "European American" labels instead of "White" can contribute to the adoption of multiculturalist views, ultimately reducing racial and ethnic prejudice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

This commentary is written in response to Sharpe's (2024) article titled "Editor Bias and Transparency in Psychology's Open Science Era." The article clearly describes the conversation on bias, transparency, and editor accountability occurring in the field of psychology in recent years. However, in this era of public accountability, where there is a groundswell seeking a more decolonized science, we use the commentary to discuss how the article could have gone further. We used an equity model to explore whether the model of change being proposed by Sharpe is at the right level of analysis and whether it is equipped with the needed ingredients to bring about a solution to the long-standing problem of editor bias and lack of transparency. We offer an alternative to the individual model that Sharpe's article puts forth and recommend the use of a systems thinking approach to generate action items for a more decolonized science in the realm of publishing and editor bias. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sharpe (2024) draws attention to the role that editors may play in perpetuating bias in the published psychological literature. While Sharpe focuses on perspective-related diversity in reducing such bias, I argue that identity-related diversity is paramount. Editors play an important role in diversifying the scholarly conversation by recruiting diverse reviewers and providing clear and encouraging feedback on submissions. Further, enhancing the identities represented in the scholarly conversation is crucial to ensuring that editorial decisions are well-informed, that published science is of high quality, and that published literature is less biased. In addition to bringing scholarly expertise, editors must embrace a compassionate, humble, and courageous stance in their role as gatekeepers for our science. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Travis I. Thompson was born on July 20, 1937, in Minneapolis to William and Loretta Thompson. Travis completed his BA (1958), MA (1961), and PhD (1961) degrees all at the University of Minnesota in Psychology, with postdoctoral work at the University of Maryland with Joseph V. Brady and at Cambridge University (United Kingdom) with Robert Hinde. Travis began his academic career at the University of Minnesota in 1963 rising to the rank of professor of Psychiatry and Neurology and Psychology and Pharmacology in 1969. A prolific writer, Travis, published more than 200 articles and chapters and 30 books including four on the translation of research on autism for parents, teachers, and professionals. He had a knack for motivating people to believe in their ability to grow and develop as researchers and work collaboratively on complex issues related to intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Travis was part of the intellectual force founding the area now known as behavioral pharmacology. Throughout his career, Travis remained deeply curious about how basic principles could be used to understand how things worked-his approach was to identify the functional pieces, take them apart, and put them back together. He wanted that activity to matter. It did. He is survived by his wife, Anneke, four children, and seven grandchildren. He died in Roseville, Minnesota, on August 2, 2023, at the age of 85. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Sharpe (2024) summarized the factors leading to editorial bias, lack of diversity, and lack of transparency and indicated what might improve matters. Here, I argue that the suggestions that were made would be improved if more thought were given to how these changes impact the incentives of editors. I give examples in the areas of control of bias, encouragement of diversity, and increase of transparency, showing what might be done to incentivize editors, along with other stakeholders, to work on these issues. Perhaps most notably, I suggest that we might change the publication model to allow more individuals to take part by retaining peer review but not organizing the reviews around journals that each have a single chief editor. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).