Computers in Human Behavior最新文献_第10页

Approaching or just observing? The interplay of behavior and environment in the retention of pictorial details of ambivalent Nazi propaganda images 接近还是只是观察？行为和环境的相互作用在保留的矛盾纳粹宣传图像的图像细节

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108503

Martin Lachmair , Susana Ruiz Fernández , Birgit Brucker , Peter Gerjets

This study delves into the cognitive dynamics of environmental context and viewer interaction with ambivalent NS-propaganda imagery as exhibited at the memorial “Dokumentation Obersalzberg” in the Bavarian Alpes. Employing virtual environments that replicate the exhibition and bunker settings of the site, this study investigates how these different contexts influence the retention of visual details in propaganda images presented within a high immersive virtual reality. It further explores the role of viewer behavior, specifically the act of approaching versus observing from a distance, in the cognitive processing and memory retention of these images.

Our primary findings indicate that the environmental context affects memory retention, with the exhibition context enhancing the retention of pictorial details compared to the bunker context. However, this effect interacts with the viewer's approach behavior, where approaching the images in the bunker context significantly improves retention, but not in the exhibition context. Moreover, these effects are moderated by the viewers' perceptions of Adolf Hitler, as shaped by the propaganda images.

This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how educational strategies at historical sites can be optimized to foster viewer engagement and learning, indicating that both the physical setup of the exhibit and the nature of viewer interaction are crucial in maximizing the educational impact of exhibits dealing with sensitive historical content.

本研究探讨了巴伐利亚阿尔卑斯山脉“上萨尔茨堡文献”纪念馆展出的环境背景和观众与矛盾的纳粹宣传图像互动的认知动态。本研究采用虚拟环境来复制现场的展览和掩体设置，研究这些不同的环境如何影响在高度沉浸式虚拟现实中呈现的宣传图像中视觉细节的保留。它进一步探讨了观众行为的作用，特别是接近和从远处观察的行为，在这些图像的认知加工和记忆保留中。我们的主要研究结果表明，环境背景影响记忆保留，与掩体背景相比，展览背景增强了对图像细节的保留。然而，这种效应与观看者的接近行为相互作用，在掩体环境中接近图像显著提高了记忆，但在展览环境中却没有。此外，这些影响被观众对阿道夫·希特勒的看法所缓和，正如宣传图像所塑造的那样。本研究有助于更深入地了解如何优化历史遗址的教育策略，以促进观众的参与和学习，表明展览的物理设置和观众互动的性质对于最大限度地发挥涉及敏感历史内容的展览的教育影响至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Doctoral capstone theories as indicators of university rankings: Insights from a machine learning approach 作为大学排名指标的博士顶点理论：来自机器学习方法的见解

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108504

Ionut Dorin Stanciu , Nicolae Nistor

Although journal articles dominate visibility and recognition in scholarly output, doctoral theses or capstones represent a significant, yet often overlooked, component of university research. This study takes a learning analytics perspective to explore the relationship between university rankings and the theoretical frameworks used in doctoral capstones within the education field, an area largely underexamined in prior research. Using the 2023 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) for education, a dataset of 9770 doctoral capstone abstracts, and a curated list of 59 learning theories, we investigated theory prevalence relative to university ranking. Employing machine learning to calculate cosine similarity between capstones and learning theories, followed by multivariate ANOVA, we identified statistically significant differences in theory usage across ranking groups. These findings suggest that theoretical choices in capstones may contribute to the external evaluations underpinning university rankings, offering insights for aligning doctoral programs with ranking criteria. However, this study's limitations, mainly its correlational nature and the U.S.-exclusive dataset, suggest the need for further research on interdisciplinarity and theory clustering across global institutions. The study makes headway in the empirical investigation into how theoretical frameworks of doctoral research may be related to university rankings, and its findings pertain to the management of educational and psychological research at doctoral level by means of learning analytics.

尽管期刊文章在学术产出中主导着知名度和认可度，但博士论文或顶点论文是大学研究的重要组成部分，但往往被忽视。本研究从学习分析的角度探讨了大学排名与教育领域博士学位课程中使用的理论框架之间的关系，这一领域在以前的研究中很大程度上没有得到充分的研究。我们利用2023年世界大学教育学术排名（ARWU）、9770篇博士论文摘要数据集和59种学习理论，调查了与大学排名相关的理论流行程度。利用机器学习计算顶点和学习理论之间的余弦相似度，然后进行多变量方差分析，我们确定了排名组之间理论使用的统计显着差异。这些发现表明，顶点课程的理论选择可能有助于支撑大学排名的外部评估，为使博士课程与排名标准保持一致提供见解。然而，本研究的局限性，主要是其相关性和美国独有的数据集，表明需要进一步研究跨全球机构的跨学科和理论聚类。该研究在实证调查博士研究的理论框架如何与大学排名相关方面取得了进展，其研究结果与通过学习分析方法管理博士水平的教育和心理学研究有关。

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引用次数: 0

“Don't look at me!”: The role of avatars' presentation style and gaze direction in social chatbot design “别看我！”：虚拟化身的呈现风格和凝视方向在社交聊天机器人设计中的作用

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108501

Jingyi Yuan , Xixian Peng , Yichen Liu , Qiuzhen Wang

With improved language ability, social chatbots are capable of forming close relationships with users and empowering various fields. This is particularly true for psychotherapy, where users' self-disclosure is crucial for human-chatbot relationship building and chatbot service provision. Although attention has been given to the role of various anthropomorphic cues in social chatbots, the effects of avatar presentation style and avatar gaze direction on users' self-disclosure have not been well studied. We conducted two experiments to examine how avatar presentation style (profile style vs. background style) can influence users' self-disclosure, and whether the avatar's gaze direction (direct vs. averted) can moderate this relationship. The results reveal that the background-style (vs. profile-style) presentation inhibits users' self-disclosure by decreasing private self-awareness. This relationship is reversed when the avatar is equipped with an averted gaze. Our results suggest that avatar presentation and nonverbal cues should be carefully considered in chatbot interface design to facilitate users' self-disclosure. Implications and applications are discussed.

随着语言能力的提高，社交聊天机器人能够与用户建立密切的关系，并赋予各个领域权力。在心理治疗领域尤其如此，用户的自我表露对于人类与聊天机器人建立关系和提供聊天机器人服务至关重要。虽然各种拟人化线索在社交聊天机器人中的作用已经得到了关注，但头像呈现风格和头像凝视方向对用户自我披露的影响尚未得到很好的研究。我们进行了两个实验来检验化身的呈现风格（个人资料风格与背景风格）如何影响用户的自我披露，以及化身的凝视方向（直接与回避）是否可以调节这种关系。结果表明，背景风格（相对于个人资料风格）通过降低个人自我意识来抑制用户的自我披露。当角色配备了回避的目光时，这种关系就颠倒了。我们的研究结果表明，在聊天机器人界面设计中应该仔细考虑化身的呈现和非语言线索，以促进用户的自我表露。讨论了影响和应用。

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引用次数: 0

Inconsistent rating scales decrease social influence bias and enhance crowd wisdom 不一致的评定量表减少了社会影响偏见，提高了群体智慧

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108497

Pedro Aceves, Cassandra R. Chambers

Online ratings for products and services pervade society. Research on the wisdom-of-the-crowd phenomenon suggests that the average of individuals' ratings should reflect true underlying quality. Online platforms that collect ratings, however, often do so while displaying the crowd's average rating, creating the potential for social influence. This is problematic because the wisdom-of-the-crowd effect relies on the aggregation of independent evaluative judgments. How can platforms limit social influence bias and enhance crowd wisdom? We argue that the structure of the rating scales used to record individual evaluations can alter the degree of social influence bias in online rating platforms. Through an analysis of rating websites with over 4.4 million ratings from over 60,000 evaluators and an online experiment (200 participants), we show that by varying the rating scales that record individual evaluations, platforms can decrease the presence of social influence, better maintaining the independent judgments that are necessary for unbiased crowd wisdom. Understanding how to limit social influence bias in online ratings stands to improve quality judgments across large swaths of economic and social life.

对产品和服务的在线评级在整个社会都很普遍。对群体智慧现象的研究表明，个人评分的平均值应该反映出真实的潜在品质。然而，收集收视率的在线平台通常会同时显示人群的平均收视率，从而产生潜在的社会影响力。这是有问题的，因为群体智慧效应依赖于独立评估判断的集合。平台如何限制社会影响力偏见，提升人群智慧？我们认为，用于记录个人评价的评分量表的结构可以改变在线评分平台中社会影响偏见的程度。通过对评分网站的分析，我们发现，通过改变记录个人评价的评分量表，平台可以减少社会影响力的存在，更好地保持独立判断，这是公正的群体智慧所必需的。了解如何限制在线评级中的社会影响偏见，有助于提高经济和社会生活中大量领域的质量判断。

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引用次数: 0

What makes an app authentic? Determining antecedents of perceived authenticity in an AI-powered service app 是什么造就了应用程序的真实性？确定人工智能驱动的服务应用程序中感知真实性的先决条件

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108495

Diem-Trang Vo , Long Van Thang Nguyen , Duy Dang-Pham , Ai-Phuong Hoang

Mobile applications integrated with artificial intelligence play a vital role in engaging users with the services thanks to their ability to perform natural interactions and conduct various tasks. Despite users’ quest for authenticity, limited studies have explored the notion of authenticity of this non-human humanlike touchpoint. Study 1 (n = 331) explores the four dimensions of authenticity in the context of AI-powered service apps. Using regulatory engagement and parasocial interaction theory, study 2 (n = 309) confirms media richness, parent brand attitudes, and co-branding fit as influencing factors of perceived authenticity in the context of AI-powered service apps. The six solutions from fsQCA reveal the different but equally important combinations of media, brand, endorser, and personal factors to achieve a high perception of authenticity. This study contributes to the algorithmic experience literature by extending the idea of “proper means” in the AI-powered context.

集成了人工智能的移动应用程序能够进行自然交互和执行各种任务，因此在吸引用户参与服务方面发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管用户追求真实性，但对这种非人类接触点真实性概念的探讨却很有限。研究 1（n = 331）探讨了人工智能驱动的服务应用程序背景下真实性的四个维度。研究 2（n = 309）利用监管参与和寄生社会互动理论，证实了媒体丰富度、母品牌态度和联合品牌契合度是人工智能驱动的服务应用程序感知真实性的影响因素。来自fsQCA的六种解决方案揭示了媒体、品牌、代言人和个人因素的不同但同等重要的组合，以实现高度的真实性感知。本研究将 "适当手段 "的概念扩展到了人工智能驱动的环境中，为算法体验文献做出了贡献。

引用次数: 0

Perception of non-binary social media users towards authentic non-binary social media influencers 非二元社交媒体用户对真实的非二元社交媒体影响者的看法

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108498

Madison Meston, David E. Williams

This paper explores an authentic way for brands to connect with the non-binary community, an understudied and underserved audience. With a call for better representation, this study is the first to investigate what role non-binary social media influencers (SMIs) may play in filling this gap. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, non-binary social media users were interviewed on their perceptions, thoughts, and feelings of non-binary SMIs. Three superordinate themes were discovered: (1) Motivations for following non-binary SMIs, (2) Popularity Factors of non-binary SMIs, and (3) Representation of the community through non-binary SMIs. The findings may be paired with existing literature to provide a basis for future research on influencer marketing to the non-binary community.

本文探讨了品牌与非二元群体建立联系的一种真实方式，非二元群体是一个未得到充分研究和服务的受众群体。为了更好地代表这一群体，本研究首次调查了非二元社交媒体影响者（SMIs）在填补这一空白方面可能发挥的作用。本研究采用解释性现象学分析法，对非二元社交媒体用户进行了访谈，了解他们对非二元社交媒体影响者的看法、想法和感受。研究发现了三个首要主题：（1）关注非二元SMIs的动机；（2）非二元SMIs的受欢迎程度因素；（3）非二元SMIs对社区的代表作用。研究结果可与现有文献进行配对，为未来针对非二元群体的影响者营销研究提供基础。

引用次数: 0

The effects of self-explanation on game-based learning: Evidence from eye-tracking analyses 自我解释对游戏式学习的影响：来自眼动追踪分析的证据

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108494

Guo-Li Chiou , Meng-Jung Tsai , Chung-Yuan Hsu

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of self-explanation prompts on game performance using eye-tracking techniques. We adopted an experimental design for the study. A total of 40 4th graders participated and were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. While the experimental group played a computer game with self-explanation prompts, the control group played the same game without any prompts. A Tobii 4C eye tracker with a sampling rate of 90 Hz was used to record the eye movements of the participants while they were playing the game. A pre-test and post-test were used to assess the participants’ understanding of the target concepts of the game before and after their game-playing, respectively. The results indicated an interaction effect between self-explanation and prior knowledge on the learning outcomes. Regarding the participants with lower-level prior knowledge, the experimental group gained significantly better scores on the posttest than the control group. In contrast, with respect to the participants with higher-level prior knowledge, the self-explanation prompts did not demonstrate a positive effect on the experimental group. Moreover, the results of the lag sequential analysis provide solid evidence of the differences in visual transitional patterns between the participants with different levels of prior knowledge while they were reacting to the self-explanation prompts. These results could account for the different learning outcomes achieved by the participants with different levels of prior knowledge in the experimental group.

本研究旨在利用眼动跟踪技术研究自我解释提示对游戏表现的影响。我们采用了实验设计。共有 40 名四年级学生参加，他们被随机分配到实验组或对照组。实验组玩带有自我解释提示的电脑游戏，对照组玩同样的游戏，不带任何提示。实验组使用采样率为 90 Hz 的 Tobii 4C 眼动仪记录参与者玩游戏时的眼球运动。在玩游戏之前和之后，分别进行了前测和后测，以评估受试者对游戏目标概念的理解程度。结果表明，自我解释和先前知识对学习结果有交互影响。对于先验知识水平较低的参与者，实验组的后测成绩明显优于对照组。与此相反，对于已有知识水平较高的参与者，自我解释提示对实验组没有产生积极影响。此外，滞后序列分析的结果还提供了确凿的证据，证明不同先验知识水平的被试在对自我解释提示做出反应时的视觉过渡模式存在差异。这些结果可以解释为什么实验组中不同已有知识水平的参与者取得了不同的学习成果。

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引用次数: 0

Avatars at risk: Exploring public response to sexual violence in immersive digital spaces 处于危险中的阿凡达：探索公众对身临其境的数字空间中性暴力的反应

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108500

Navneet Kumar Singh , Rajeev Kumar Ray , Nikee Silayach , Devi Prasad Dash , Amit Singh

As the metaverse emerges as a new frontier of human interaction, understanding public perceptions of crime in virtual spaces becomes crucial. This study delves into public perceptions of such crimes, focusing on reported incidents of sexual assault in virtual reality environments. We uncover complex dynamics, shaping threat perception in immersive digital realms by analysing YouTube comments through an innovative mixed-methods approach combining machine learning and empirical analysis. Our findings reveal that social norms and expectations are pivotal in influencing perceptions of threats, while technology-mediated interactions correlate with reduced perceived risks. Surprisingly, the oft-discussed blurring of virtual and physical realities shows no significant impact on threat perception. This research contributes to the expanding literature on the social construction of reality and public perception of emerging technologies. The results have implications for the development and governance of metaverse platforms, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive user education initiatives and culturally sensitive approaches to community guidelines and safety features.

随着元宇宙成为人类互动的新领域，了解公众对虚拟空间中犯罪的看法变得至关重要。本研究深入探讨了公众对此类犯罪的看法，重点关注虚拟现实环境中报告的性侵犯事件。我们通过结合机器学习和实证分析的创新型混合方法分析 YouTube 评论，揭示了在身临其境的数字领域中形成威胁感知的复杂动态。我们的研究结果表明，社会规范和期望是影响威胁感知的关键因素，而以技术为媒介的互动与降低感知风险相关。令人惊讶的是，人们经常讨论的虚拟现实和物理现实的模糊性对威胁感知没有显著影响。这项研究为不断扩展的关于现实的社会建构和公众对新兴技术的感知的文献做出了贡献。研究结果对元宇宙平台的开发和管理具有启示意义，强调了全面的用户教育活动以及对社区指南和安全功能具有文化敏感性的方法的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

The bright side of sexting: A scoping review on its benefits 色情短信的好处：对其好处的范围审查

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108499

Silke Van Dijck , Silke Van den Eynde , Paul Enzlin

Sexting behaviour is mostly viewed from a negative perspective. In response to this negative perspective, and in line with calls for a shift towards a more sex-positive approach, this paper provides a scoping review of what is known about the benefits of sexting. Based on a thematic analysis of the content of 70 scientific papers on the benefits of sexting, three main themes were identified: 1) individual benefits resulting from the sexting act itself (i.e., sexual exploration and experimentation, sexual pleasure and non-sexual pleasure), 2) individual benefits resulting from the reaction of the sexting partner (i.e., body image and self-image, sexual agency and validation), and, 3) relational benefits of sexting (i.e., sexual and emotional connectedness, sexting as a way to build bridges). The benefits of sexting are linked to theoretical frameworks related to both the online and offline (sexual) worlds. This paper illustrates how sexting is an online extension of offline sexuality that includes both positive and negative aspects. It is important that also the benefits of sexting receive more attention in research and society, as this will contribute to healthier, more nuanced and more accurate discourses on sexting.

发色情短信的行为大多被从消极的角度看待。为了回应这种消极的观点，并响应转向更积极的性行为方式的呼吁，本文对已知的性短信的好处进行了范围审查。根据对70篇关于性短信好处的科学论文内容的专题分析，确定了三个主要主题：1)性短信行为本身带来的个人利益（即性探索和实验，性快感和非性快感），2)性短信伴侣的反应带来的个人利益（即身体形象和自我形象，性代理和确认），以及3)性短信的关系利益（即性和情感联系，性短信作为一种建立桥梁的方式）。性短信的好处与与在线和离线（性）世界相关的理论框架有关。这篇论文说明了性短信是离线性行为的在线延伸，包括积极和消极的方面。同样重要的是，性短信的好处在研究和社会中得到更多的关注，因为这将有助于对性短信进行更健康、更细致和更准确的讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Human touch vs. AI tech: Understanding user preferences in the future of education 人性化与人工智能技术：了解未来教育中的用户偏好

IF 9 1区心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL

Computers in Human Behavior

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108492

Aiping Shao , Zhi Lu , Bu Zhong , Stephanie Q. Liu , Wei Lu

AI educational tool companies are fiercely competing to capture a larger share of the highly competitive AI-in-education market. A key strategy for success is to enhance user favorability and adoption. However, whether users prefer a human or an AI in the role of educator remains an important yet underexplored question. This research conducted three behavioral studies to examine user behavior toward AI-powered educational tools versus human educators, focusing on users' intentions to use these tools and their word-of-mouth (WOM) recommendations. Our findings show that users are more inclined to prefer human educators for their children and are more likely to share this preference with others (Studies 1 and 2). The underlying reason is that users perceive human educators as more capable than AI tools (Study 2). Study 3 further reveals that the type of problem-solving moderates the effect of the educational approach on both intentions to use and WOM. Specifically, users believe that AI tools are better suited for conventional problem-solving, while human educators are preferred for creative problem-solving. Our research is the first to investigate users' adoption of AI educational tools compared to human educators and the underlying mechanism. AI educational tool providers are advised to address users' negative perceptions and alleviate their concerns by demonstrating the competence of AI tools or by actively engaging with users to foster their competence in AI's capabilities. These novel insights contribute to the rapidly growing field of AI research and offer valuable implications for AI educational tools seeking success in the marketplace.

人工智能教育工具企业为了在竞争激烈的人工智能教育市场中占据更大的份额，展开了激烈的竞争。成功的关键策略是提高用户好感度和接受度。然而，用户更喜欢人类还是人工智能扮演教育者的角色，这仍然是一个重要但尚未得到充分探讨的问题。这项研究进行了三项行为研究，以检查用户对人工智能教育工具和人类教育者的行为，重点关注用户使用这些工具的意图和他们的口碑（WOM）推荐。我们的研究结果表明，用户更倾向于为他们的孩子选择人类教育工作者，并且更有可能与其他人分享这种偏好（研究1和2）。潜在的原因是用户认为人类教育工作者比人工智能工具更有能力（研究2）。研究3进一步揭示，解决问题的类型调节了教育方法对使用意图和口碑的影响。具体来说，用户认为人工智能工具更适合于传统的问题解决，而人类教育者更适合创造性的问题解决。我们的研究首次调查了用户对人工智能教育工具的采用情况，并将其与人类教育工作者进行了比较。建议人工智能教育工具提供商通过展示人工智能工具的能力或积极与用户互动以培养他们对人工智能能力的能力来解决用户的负面看法并减轻他们的担忧。这些新颖的见解有助于人工智能研究领域的快速发展，并为人工智能教育工具在市场上寻求成功提供了有价值的启示。

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引用次数: 0