Pub Date : 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108919
Qurban Hussain Pamirzad, Qiang Chen
While research on social media polarization has surged in recent years, few studies have explored this phenomenon through an affordance perspective, particularly in ethnically divided societies. This study examined the relationship between social media affordance and ethnic polarization, utilizing cross-sectional survey data (N = 589) collected across 13 provinces in Afghanistan. Drawing on the affordance interdependence hierarchy guided by logical precedence, we found that low-level affordances – connectivity and interactivity – were positively associated with high-level affordances – plurality and collectivity. Additionally, connectivity was negatively associated with ethnic polarization, while interactivity showed no connection to it. Regarding the high-level affordances, both plurality and collectivity demonstrated positive associations with ethnic polarization, with plurality positively mediating the relationship between connectivity affordance and ethnic polarization. Examining the association of social media affordances with ethnic polarization in non-Western contexts expands the literature on social media polarization, yet necessitates further exploration of this dynamic in diverse settings.
{"title":"Exploring the association of social media connectivity and interactivity with ethnic polarization: An interdependent hierarchical affordance perspective","authors":"Qurban Hussain Pamirzad, Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While research on social media polarization has surged in recent years, few studies have explored this phenomenon through an affordance perspective, particularly in ethnically divided societies. This study examined the relationship between social media affordance and ethnic polarization, utilizing cross-sectional survey data (N = 589) collected across 13 provinces in Afghanistan. Drawing on the affordance interdependence hierarchy guided by logical precedence, we found that low-level affordances – connectivity and interactivity – were positively associated with high-level affordances – plurality and collectivity. Additionally, connectivity was negatively associated with ethnic polarization, while interactivity showed no connection to it. Regarding the high-level affordances, both plurality and collectivity demonstrated positive associations with ethnic polarization, with plurality positively mediating the relationship between connectivity affordance and ethnic polarization. Examining the association of social media affordances with ethnic polarization in non-Western contexts expands the literature on social media polarization, yet necessitates further exploration of this dynamic in diverse settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108919"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108916
Lin Ting Jin, Yun Jung Choi
Adolescent experiences with social media are often depicted as “games of comparison.” They are persistently aware of the gap between themselves and others. Such endless comparisons can profoundly affect self-esteem and trigger defense mechanisms. This study differentiates two modes of social comparison—ability comparison and opinion comparison—to examine the relationship between self-protective defense and self-expansive defense. By distinguishing between these two modes of social comparison and examining the roles of self-protective and self-expansive defense, the present study reveals the mediating role of psychological defense mechanisms on the effect of social comparison on self-esteem. Our study examines how adolescents use expressive interactions on social media as moderating variables to examine the efficacy of psychological defense mechanisms. The results show that self-protective defenses are not protective of self-esteem; they are detrimental, lowering self-esteem. Comparatively, self-expansive defenses enhance the mediating effect of self-esteem. In terms of social comparison, expressive interactive use can effectively promote self-expansive defense mechanisms, thereby improving self-esteem. This study revisits the meaning of defenses and highlights that the core value of defenses for adolescents lies not in how to defend against the pain of social comparison, but in the ability to reconstruct the self from imperfections while gaining insight into growth opportunities—a key pathway to psychological maturity and health.
{"title":"Are your defense mechanisms harming you? The role of psychological defenses in social media comparison and adolescent self-esteem","authors":"Lin Ting Jin, Yun Jung Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adolescent experiences with social media are often depicted as “games of comparison.” They are persistently aware of the gap between themselves and others. Such endless comparisons can profoundly affect self-esteem and trigger defense mechanisms. This study differentiates two modes of social comparison—ability comparison and opinion comparison—to examine the relationship between self-protective defense and self-expansive defense. By distinguishing between these two modes of social comparison and examining the roles of self-protective and self-expansive defense, the present study reveals the mediating role of psychological defense mechanisms on the effect of social comparison on self-esteem. Our study examines how adolescents use expressive interactions on social media as moderating variables to examine the efficacy of psychological defense mechanisms. The results show that self-protective defenses are not protective of self-esteem; they are detrimental, lowering self-esteem. Comparatively, self-expansive defenses enhance the mediating effect of self-esteem. In terms of social comparison, expressive interactive use can effectively promote self-expansive defense mechanisms, thereby improving self-esteem. This study revisits the meaning of defenses and highlights that the core value of defenses for adolescents lies not in how to defend against the pain of social comparison, but in the ability to reconstruct the self from imperfections while gaining insight into growth opportunities—a key pathway to psychological maturity and health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108916"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108905
Bailey M. Way , Todd L. Jennings , Joshua B. Grubbs , Kris Gunawan , Shane W. Kraus
Pornography use is a common and accessible sexual behavior. Early initiation of a behavior is often linked to greater risk of problematic use later on; however, few studies have examined how age of pornography use (PU) onset relates to current use patterns or mental health outcomes. This study aims to identify distinct latent profiles of pornography users using two indicators: age of first exposure and initial age of regular PU. Additionally, this study aims to examine other PU, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics of the identified profiles of pornography users through ANOVAs and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Participants included 1316 US adults, collected from a 2023 YouGov survey matched to US norms, who reported viewing pornography at least once in their life. Three distinct profiles of pornography users were identified: 1) Early Engager, 2) Casual Engager, and 3) Late Engager. Early Engagers were characterized by early initial pornography use, high frequency and duration of pornography use, and higher endorsement of symptoms on mental health measures. Casual Engagers were characterized by a moderate age of pornography use, low frequency and duration of PU, as well as high religiosity. Late Engagers were characterized by a late initiation of PU, but high frequency and duration of PU. Earlier use of pornography is related to increased frequency and duration of PU, potential problematic PU, and other mental health concerns. Clinicians should be asking clients about their history of PU, including their first use of pornography and the ways their PU have changed overtime.
{"title":"Early exposure and emerging risk: A latent profile analysis of pornography use trajectories and their psychological correlates","authors":"Bailey M. Way , Todd L. Jennings , Joshua B. Grubbs , Kris Gunawan , Shane W. Kraus","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pornography use is a common and accessible sexual behavior. Early initiation of a behavior is often linked to greater risk of problematic use later on; however, few studies have examined how age of pornography use (PU) onset relates to current use patterns or mental health outcomes. This study aims to identify distinct latent profiles of pornography users using two indicators: age of first exposure and initial age of regular PU. Additionally, this study aims to examine other PU, mental health, and sociodemographic characteristics of the identified profiles of pornography users through ANOVAs and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Participants included 1316 US adults, collected from a 2023 YouGov survey matched to US norms, who reported viewing pornography at least once in their life. Three distinct profiles of pornography users were identified: 1) Early Engager, 2) Casual Engager, and 3) Late Engager. Early Engagers were characterized by early initial pornography use, high frequency and duration of pornography use, and higher endorsement of symptoms on mental health measures. Casual Engagers were characterized by a moderate age of pornography use, low frequency and duration of PU, as well as high religiosity. Late Engagers were characterized by a late initiation of PU, but high frequency and duration of PU. Earlier use of pornography is related to increased frequency and duration of PU, potential problematic PU, and other mental health concerns. Clinicians should be asking clients about their history of PU, including their first use of pornography and the ways their PU have changed overtime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108905"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-07DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108908
Matilde Tassinari , Marco Marinucci , Béatrice S. Hasler
Immersive technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other forms of extended realities (XR) are increasingly adopted to study and improve intergroup relations. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed, highlighting the need for stronger theoretical integration and greater methodological rigor. This critical review seeks to address the key theoretical questions and methodological challenges facing the field.
Theoretically, research must first clarify the psychological mechanisms through which immersive interventions influence intergroup outcomes. A second question concerns the durability and generalizability of these effects. While some interventions yield lasting improvements and transfer to other contexts, others show rapid decay. A third issue is the potential for backfire, as immersive experiences may at times reinforce rather than reduce bias. Understanding when, why, and for whom immersive interventions succeed or fail is therefore crucial.
Methodologically, current evidence is limited by overreliance on self-reports and the lack of methodological frameworks. Comparative studies with traditional interventions show promise but yield inconsistent results, highlighting the importance of assessing the added value of immersive formats. Progress also depends on greater transparency and replicability, as their absence hinders cumulative knowledge building. Moreover, researchers should exploit the full potential of immersive environments for multimodal assessment.
By critically addressing current limitations and boundary conditions, as well as emerging trends and underexplored strategies to improve intergroup relations using immersive technologies, we set the stage for future work that is theoretically integrated, methodologically rigorous, and capable of delivering scalable, ethical, and impactful interventions.
{"title":"Immersive technologies and intergroup relations: A critical review of theoretical questions and methodological challenges","authors":"Matilde Tassinari , Marco Marinucci , Béatrice S. Hasler","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Immersive technologies, including virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and other forms of extended realities (XR) are increasingly adopted to study and improve intergroup relations. However, evidence of their effectiveness is mixed, highlighting the need for stronger theoretical integration and greater methodological rigor. This critical review seeks to address the key theoretical questions and methodological challenges facing the field.</div><div>Theoretically, research must first clarify the psychological mechanisms through which immersive interventions influence intergroup outcomes. A second question concerns the durability and generalizability of these effects. While some interventions yield lasting improvements and transfer to other contexts, others show rapid decay. A third issue is the potential for backfire, as immersive experiences may at times reinforce rather than reduce bias. Understanding when, why, and for whom immersive interventions succeed or fail is therefore crucial.</div><div>Methodologically, current evidence is limited by overreliance on self-reports and the lack of methodological frameworks. Comparative studies with traditional interventions show promise but yield inconsistent results, highlighting the importance of assessing the added value of immersive formats. Progress also depends on greater transparency and replicability, as their absence hinders cumulative knowledge building. Moreover, researchers should exploit the full potential of immersive environments for multimodal assessment.</div><div>By critically addressing current limitations and boundary conditions, as well as emerging trends and underexplored strategies to improve intergroup relations using immersive technologies, we set the stage for future work that is theoretically integrated, methodologically rigorous, and capable of delivering scalable, ethical, and impactful interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108908"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146024715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108907
Jinyan Duan , Siyu Qi , Hongyu Yan , Chong Wu
This research integrates Interaction Ritual Chain (IRC) theory and Social Identity Theory (SIT) to construct a "Three-Stage Evolutionary Model," explaining how individuals coalesce into cohesive "ephemeral groups" around Douyin hashtags. Analyzing 80 trending topics through 5594 observations, the study reveals that in the Structural Assembly stage, hashtag popularity creates "digital co-presence," with dialogic interaction mediating 84.8 % of the effect by "stitching" traffic into a network structure. In the Symbolic Focusing stage, creative templates serve as "cognitive shortcuts" that drive linguistic convergence and opinion concentration, standardizing group consensus. Finally, in the Affective Forging stage, high emotional arousal suppresses rational dialogue while reinforcing in-group identity; furthermore, topic controversiality acts as a vital boundary condition for deep psychological synchronization and "defensive solidarity". By redefining "co-presence" for the algorithmic age, this study provides a systematic dynamical explanation for digital group cohesion.
{"title":"From bodily to digital co-presence: Unpacking the Interaction Ritual Chains of hashtag-driven group formation","authors":"Jinyan Duan , Siyu Qi , Hongyu Yan , Chong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research integrates Interaction Ritual Chain (IRC) theory and Social Identity Theory (SIT) to construct a \"Three-Stage Evolutionary Model,\" explaining how individuals coalesce into cohesive \"ephemeral groups\" around Douyin hashtags. Analyzing 80 trending topics through 5594 observations, the study reveals that in the Structural Assembly stage, hashtag popularity creates \"digital co-presence,\" with dialogic interaction mediating 84.8 % of the effect by \"stitching\" traffic into a network structure. In the Symbolic Focusing stage, creative templates serve as \"cognitive shortcuts\" that drive linguistic convergence and opinion concentration, standardizing group consensus. Finally, in the Affective Forging stage, high emotional arousal suppresses rational dialogue while reinforcing in-group identity; furthermore, topic controversiality acts as a vital boundary condition for deep psychological synchronization and \"defensive solidarity\". By redefining \"co-presence\" for the algorithmic age, this study provides a systematic dynamical explanation for digital group cohesion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108907"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145947977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2026.108906
Soonjae Kwon, Junkyu Jang, Sung-Hyuk Park
Online dating platforms increasingly mediate human connection, yet the mechanisms by which users evaluate subjective traits like appearance and personality remain underexplored. To investigate these preference dynamics, this study applies AI-driven methods to a dataset of 506,014 interactions from 41,441 users on a major heterosexual dating platform in South Korea. By employing computer vision and large language models to quantify facial and personality similarity, our mixed-effects analysis reveals a significant gender asymmetry: women prefer facial similarity (homophily), whereas men exhibit a preference for facial dissimilarity (heterophily). Furthermore, personality preferences are found to be context-dependent; a partner's socioeconomic status moderates the demand for similarity, amplifying the preference for women while attenuating it for men in upward evaluation contexts. These findings offer actionable implications for the design of matching systems, suggesting that preferences in digitally mediated environments function as adaptive strategies shaped by gender and contextual cues.
{"title":"Beyond homophily: AI-driven analysis of facial and personality similarity preferences in online dating","authors":"Soonjae Kwon, Junkyu Jang, Sung-Hyuk Park","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108906","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2026.108906","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Online dating platforms increasingly mediate human connection, yet the mechanisms by which users evaluate subjective traits like appearance and personality remain underexplored. To investigate these preference dynamics, this study applies AI-driven methods to a dataset of 506,014 interactions from 41,441 users on a major heterosexual dating platform in South Korea. By employing computer vision and large language models to quantify facial and personality similarity, our mixed-effects analysis reveals a significant gender asymmetry: women prefer facial similarity (homophily), whereas men exhibit a preference for facial dissimilarity (heterophily). Furthermore, personality preferences are found to be context-dependent; a partner's socioeconomic status moderates the demand for similarity, amplifying the preference for women while attenuating it for men in upward evaluation contexts. These findings offer actionable implications for the design of matching systems, suggesting that preferences in digitally mediated environments function as adaptive strategies shaped by gender and contextual cues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 108906"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2025.108903
Mingkui Yang , Chunying Qiu , Weihan Wang , Xinchao Yang , Qiang Xu
Facial expressions typically occur in social interaction contexts, and various contextual factors influence facial expression recognition. However, it remains unclear whether reciprocal and complementary emotional reactions during interactive exchange affect facial expression recognition. This ERP study investigated how emoji-elicited emotional reactions influence facial expression processing. Participants were asked to send an initial emoji (angry, neutral, or fearful) to a target figure, who then responded with either an angry or fearful expression. Finally, participants rated the target's emotion, and recognition accuracy was quantified using congruency and discrimination indices calculated from these ratings, with higher values indicating better recognition. Behavioral results revealed that when identifying angry response expressions, the congruency index and discrimination index were significantly higher in the angry initial emoji condition compared to fearful and neutral initial emoji conditions. When identifying fearful response expressions, the congruency index and discrimination index were significantly higher in the angry and fearful initial emoji conditions compared to neutral initial emoji condition. ERP results showed that the P3 and LPP amplitudes elicited by angry response expressions were significantly larger than those elicited by fearful response expressions when the initial emoji was angry but not fearful or neutral. These findings indicated that not only expectations based on reciprocal emotional reactions but also those based on complementary emotional reactions can influence facial expression recognition. Moreover, these influences occurred during the late stage of facial expression processing, affecting motivational attention allocation. This study further enriched the theoretical framework of the Emotion as Social Information (EASI) model.
{"title":"Neural correlates of how different emotional reactions elicited by emojis influence facial expression processing","authors":"Mingkui Yang , Chunying Qiu , Weihan Wang , Xinchao Yang , Qiang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Facial expressions typically occur in social interaction contexts, and various contextual factors influence facial expression recognition. However, it remains unclear whether reciprocal and complementary emotional reactions during interactive exchange affect facial expression recognition. This ERP study investigated how emoji-elicited emotional reactions influence facial expression processing. Participants were asked to send an initial emoji (angry, neutral, or fearful) to a target figure, who then responded with either an angry or fearful expression. Finally, participants rated the target's emotion, and recognition accuracy was quantified using congruency and discrimination indices calculated from these ratings, with higher values indicating better recognition. Behavioral results revealed that when identifying angry response expressions, the congruency index and discrimination index were significantly higher in the angry initial emoji condition compared to fearful and neutral initial emoji conditions. When identifying fearful response expressions, the congruency index and discrimination index were significantly higher in the angry and fearful initial emoji conditions compared to neutral initial emoji condition. ERP results showed that the P3 and LPP amplitudes elicited by angry response expressions were significantly larger than those elicited by fearful response expressions when the initial emoji was angry but not fearful or neutral. These findings indicated that not only expectations based on reciprocal emotional reactions but also those based on complementary emotional reactions can influence facial expression recognition. Moreover, these influences occurred during the late stage of facial expression processing, affecting motivational attention allocation. This study further enriched the theoretical framework of the Emotion as Social Information (EASI) model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108903"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2025.108902
Ruchang Miao , Peijia Yang , Shuna Li , Kaizhen Kong , Xiangting Wang
The rapid advancement of technology in education has drawn increased scholarly attention to the role of affective factors in student development. Although prior research has primarily examined the relationship between affective strategies and academic achievement, limited attention has been paid to the dynamic quantification of affective processes and their underlying mechanisms. This study employed affective computing technology to analyze students’ facial expressions, captured by live classroom cameras, on a frame-by-frame basis. The analysis quantified temporal fluctuations in emotional valence and examined the distribution patterns of positive, neutral, and negative emotions during classroom learning. Participants were 183 college students who were recorded during class and completed a questionnaire. The results revealed significant positive correlations among affective strategies, emotional valence, self-regulated learning (SRL), and academic performance. Furthermore, chain mediation analysis demonstrated that affective strategies predicted academic performance only indirectly through the serial mediation of emotional valence and SRL, with no significant direct effect being observed. Notably, emotional valence did not exhibit an independent mediating effect, underscoring its role as part of a sequential psychological mechanism rather than a standalone pathway.By extending the application of Achievement Emotions Theory (AET) to the context of Ideological and Political Theory Courses, this study addresses several limitations inherent in traditional self-report methods through the use of affective computing. The findings provide preliminary empirical support for designing personalized interventions in these specific courses and highlight the potential of affective computing to advance the development of intelligent educational technologies.
{"title":"From facial expressions to academic performance: Affective computing reveals the serial mediating roles of emotional valence and self-regulated learning","authors":"Ruchang Miao , Peijia Yang , Shuna Li , Kaizhen Kong , Xiangting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid advancement of technology in education has drawn increased scholarly attention to the role of affective factors in student development. Although prior research has primarily examined the relationship between affective strategies and academic achievement, limited attention has been paid to the dynamic quantification of affective processes and their underlying mechanisms. This study employed affective computing technology to analyze students’ facial expressions, captured by live classroom cameras, on a frame-by-frame basis. The analysis quantified temporal fluctuations in emotional valence and examined the distribution patterns of positive, neutral, and negative emotions during classroom learning. Participants were 183 college students who were recorded during class and completed a questionnaire. The results revealed significant positive correlations among affective strategies, emotional valence, self-regulated learning (SRL), and academic performance. Furthermore, chain mediation analysis demonstrated that affective strategies predicted academic performance only indirectly through the serial mediation of emotional valence and SRL, with no significant direct effect being observed. Notably, emotional valence did not exhibit an independent mediating effect, underscoring its role as part of a sequential psychological mechanism rather than a standalone pathway.By extending the application of Achievement Emotions Theory (AET) to the context of Ideological and Political Theory Courses, this study addresses several limitations inherent in traditional self-report methods through the use of affective computing. The findings provide preliminary empirical support for designing personalized interventions in these specific courses and highlight the potential of affective computing to advance the development of intelligent educational technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108902"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-27DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2025.108900
Yujie Dong , Wu Li
Moral judgments can play a strong and intrinsic role in guiding correction-sharing decisions. Drawing on the Moral Foundation Theory and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars, this study examines how moral frames appealing to the care/harm and purity/pollution foundations, along with social media metrics representing proactive bystander cues, influence individuals’ health misinformation correction sharing behaviors on social media, through the mediating roles of personal norms and two moral emotions (i.e., anticipated pride and guilt). A pilot study (N = 96) and a formal experiment (N = 447) were conducted. The findings indicate that both moral frames generally enhanced individuals’ intentions to share corrective information by activating personal norms; however, the magnitude of this effect varied across health topics and levels of social media metrics. Specifically, the care/harm frame demonstrated greater effectiveness in the context of H. pylori infection, independent of social media metrics, whereas the purity/pollution frame elicited stronger responses in the context of secondhand smoke exposure, but only under conditions of high social media metrics. Among the predictors of correction-sharing intention, personal norms emerged as the strongest, followed by anticipated pride, while anticipated guilt did not have a significant effect. Theoretically, the findings advance our understanding of moral appeals and moral judgments in digital health communication. The cognitive component of moral judgements and associated affective components are disentangled. Practically, the findings offer valuable guidance for designing more effective health campaign messages on social media, tailored to resonate with diverse moral foundations and health topics.
{"title":"To share or not to share, that is the (moral) question: How moral frames and bystander cues shape health misinformation correction sharing on social media","authors":"Yujie Dong , Wu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moral judgments can play a strong and intrinsic role in guiding correction-sharing decisions. Drawing on the Moral Foundation Theory and the Model of Intuitive Morality and Exemplars, this study examines how moral frames appealing to the care/harm and purity/pollution foundations, along with social media metrics representing proactive bystander cues, influence individuals’ health misinformation correction sharing behaviors on social media, through the mediating roles of personal norms and two moral emotions (i.e., anticipated pride and guilt). A pilot study (<em>N</em> = 96) and a formal experiment (<em>N</em> = 447) were conducted. The findings indicate that both moral frames generally enhanced individuals’ intentions to share corrective information by activating personal norms; however, the magnitude of this effect varied across health topics and levels of social media metrics. Specifically, the care/harm frame demonstrated greater effectiveness in the context of <em>H. pylori</em> infection, independent of social media metrics, whereas the purity/pollution frame elicited stronger responses in the context of secondhand smoke exposure, but only under conditions of high social media metrics. Among the predictors of correction-sharing intention, personal norms emerged as the strongest, followed by anticipated pride, while anticipated guilt did not have a significant effect. Theoretically, the findings advance our understanding of moral appeals and moral judgments in digital health communication. The cognitive component of moral judgements and associated affective components are disentangled. Practically, the findings offer valuable guidance for designing more effective health campaign messages on social media, tailored to resonate with diverse moral foundations and health topics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108900"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adolescents are increasingly exposed to online risks in the digital era, yet few studies have examined how school phone restriction policies relate to these risks. This study aimed to investigate the association between school phone restriction policies and adolescents’ online risk exposure and engagement in online risk behaviors, including cyberbullying, online gambling, and substance use.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 among 3158 high school students from 35 schools in Taiwan. Students reported their perceptions of school phone restriction policies, online risk exposure, and engagement in risk behaviors. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine these relationships.
Results
Compared with students who reported that their schools had phone restriction policies, those who perceived their schools as lacking such policies reported greater online risk exposure (i.e., longer smartphone use time, more frequent risky loot box engagement, and greater online marketing exposure) and higher rates of risk behaviors (i.e., cyberbullying, online gambling, and alcohol and tobacco use). GEE multivariate analyses indicated that perceiving schools as having no phone restriction policies was significantly associated with greater online risk exposure. Furthermore, students who perceived an absence of phone restriction policies and reported higher online risk exposure were more likely to engage in risk behaviors.
Conclusion
School phone restriction policies may serve as a protective factor by reducing adolescents’ online risk exposure and limiting their involvement in cyberbullying, online gambling, and substance use.
{"title":"Association between school phone restriction policies and adolescents’ cyberbullying, gambling, and substance use behaviors","authors":"Szu-Chia Chen , Tzu-Fu Huang , Kevin Chang , Fong-Ching Chang , Shawn C. Chiang , Chiung-Hui Chiu , Ping-Hung Chen , Nae-Fang Miao , Hung-Yi Chuang","doi":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108898","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chb.2025.108898","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adolescents are increasingly exposed to online risks in the digital era, yet few studies have examined how school phone restriction policies relate to these risks. This study aimed to investigate the association between school phone restriction policies and adolescents’ online risk exposure and engagement in online risk behaviors, including cyberbullying, online gambling, and substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 among 3158 high school students from 35 schools in Taiwan. Students reported their perceptions of school phone restriction policies, online risk exposure, and engagement in risk behaviors. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) models were used to examine these relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with students who reported that their schools had phone restriction policies, those who perceived their schools as lacking such policies reported greater online risk exposure (i.e., longer smartphone use time, more frequent risky loot box engagement, and greater online marketing exposure) and higher rates of risk behaviors (i.e., cyberbullying, online gambling, and alcohol and tobacco use). GEE multivariate analyses indicated that perceiving schools as having no phone restriction policies was significantly associated with greater online risk exposure. Furthermore, students who perceived an absence of phone restriction policies and reported higher online risk exposure were more likely to engage in risk behaviors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>School phone restriction policies may serve as a protective factor by reducing adolescents’ online risk exposure and limiting their involvement in cyberbullying, online gambling, and substance use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48471,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Human Behavior","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 108898"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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