Computers in Human Behavior最新文献

Avatars serve as the virtual embodiment of users, facilitating their online interaction, with potential positive and negative effects. These effects range from enhancing social and personal development to facilitating disordered gaming patterns. As past literature has identified different disorder gaming patterns based on the connection an individual has with their avatar (referred to as the User-Avatar Bond [UAB]), the present study explored the gaming disorder risk based on a gamer's UAB profile. To investigate this, the present study comprised 565 online role-playing gamers (M_age = 29.3, SD = 10.6). Participants completed the User-Avatar Bond Questionnaire and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form over two waves, six months apart. Latent profile analysis was employed which identified four distinct UAB profiles: Identified Gamers, Compensated Gamers, Detached Gamers, and Differentiated Gamers. ANOVAs were conducted to assess differences in IGD behaviours within the profiles across the two waves. The findings suggested a significant difference between the profiles and IGD, where heightened avatar identification and compensation levels may act as risk factors for IGD behaviours. These findings provide crucial insight regarding the role of UAB in IGD development, treatment, and prevention.

The article explores the link between neuroscience and the design fields by discussing works on predictive brain, conscious mind, perception, and peripersonal space to increase bodily self-consciousness in the virtual world. Unlike the physical reality, the virtual world often lacks the intricate bodily feedback necessary for self-consciousness, thus resulting in less complete virtual representations. By incorporating findings from neuroscience and the virtual world, this research suggests a theoretical approach to enhance bodily self-consciousness in different virtual worlds, particularly augmented or diminished mixed realities and holistic virtual reality. This is achieved through synchronous multisensory stimulation (visuo-tactile), interoceptive feedback, and peripersonal space expansion (visuo-tactile and audio–tactile). As a narrative review, the article not only suggests a theoretical method but also highlights the potential for future practical experiments to apply these insights.

The role of artificial intelligence (AI) has recently gained increasing attention among second language (L2) researchers. However, the emotional influences of AI-mediated instruction on English as a foreign language (EFL) students have remained an unaddressed line of research. To fill this lacuna, the present study took a qualitative approach to unveil the perceived emotions of a sample of 498 Chinese EFL learners and their corresponding emotional regulation strategies in AI-mediated L2 education. An open-ended questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used to glean the data. The results of MAXQDA analysis evinced that Chinese EFL learners had experienced a wide spectrum of positive and negative emotions in light of AI-based L2 education. Moreover, it was found that the participants took advantage of different antecedent-focused and response-focused strategies to regulate their AI-induced emotions. The study discusses the implications of AI-based L2 education and calls for further research on the linkage of AI and L2 emotions.

The associations between exposure to violent video games (VVG) and aggression/empathy have been extensively studied. VVG are often depicted as triggers for increased aggression and decreased empathy in line with the General Aggression Model. However, longitudinal evidence that distinguishes within- and between-person effects and focuses on various dimensions of aggression/empathy remains scarce. Drawing on representative sample of 3010 Czech adolescents (aged 13–17), data were collected over four waves to measure physical and verbal aggression, and cognitive and affective empathy. VVG was evaluated based on open-ended responses. A random-intercept cross-lagged panel model was employed to differentiate within- and between-person associations. VVG positively correlated with cognitive empathy, verbal aggression, and physical aggression at the between-person level. At the within-person level, two hypotheses were examined: the selection effect (effects of changes in aggression/empathy on changes in VVG) and the desensitization effect (effects of changes in VVG on alterations in aggression/empathy). All desensitization effects were statistically insignificant. Regarding selection effects, an increase in affective empathy was linked to a decrease in VVG. Conversely, an increase in physical aggression was associated with an increase in VVG, both positively and negatively, depending on the wave of data collection. Furthermore, the moderation effects of age and gender were tested at the within-person level. The positive (but not negative) effect of physical aggression on exposure to VVG was moderated by age, with a stronger effect evident among younger participants. These findings challenge the portrayal of VVG as a significant contributor to heightened aggression and decreased empathy in adolescents.

How is it possible to socialize adolescents to become more vigilant in spotting fake news? In the present preregistered, randomized controlled trial (N = 1476), we aimed to implement a scalable, online counter-misinformation intervention by promoting family-based prosocial values and putting them in an expert role to build resistance against misinformation among adolescents. In this intervention, participants were endowed with an expert role and requested to write a letter to their digitally less experienced relatives elucidating six strategies to identify misinformation. We found immediate effects of the intervention (d = 0.17), but these effects disappeared after four weeks. However, those high school students who followed the instructions (N = 791) and had a higher need for cognition demonstrated a substantial benefit in correctly spotting fake news four weeks after the intervention compared to the control group (d_{+1 SD need for cognition} = 0.28, d_{+2 SD need for cognition} = 0.51). The present work demonstrates the power of using classic social psychological components, such as a digital mindset, expertise role, and prosocial strategies, to achieve long-term behavioral change among certain adolescents. Our approach might complement prior nudge and inoculation interventions in the fight against misinformation in this age group.

Food recommender systems have been developed for the online environment to support shoppers in making informed decisions. These systems analyze the extensive data collected to infer consumer preferences and needs, providing relevant product recommendations accordingly. Despite the potential of recommender systems as a strategic marketing tool in the online grocery shopping environment, there has been limited effort to systematically analyze approaches of prior studies on recommender systems for online grocery shoppers along the five stages of recommendation delivery: (1) identify recommendation goal, (2) acquire consumer data, (3) compute, (4) evaluate, and (5) present the recommendation. Therefore, this paper examines the advancements in each stage of delivering grocery recommendations to consumers from 2018 to March 2023. We performed a search strategy resulting in 50 papers dedicated to recommender systems for online grocery shoppers, which contrasts with previous research that typically examined recipe and meal recommendations that were merely meant to inspire users on what to cook. Findings reveal a prevalence of preference-based systems with limited integration of explicit consumer data, and often lacking consent for implicit data usage. While advanced deep neural network models are getting more attention in the literature, evaluation methods tend to be system-oriented, overlooking essential user feedback and the efficacy of general metrics. This systematic literature review underscores the necessity for consumer engagement in system and interface design, aiming for grocery recommendation systems that improve customer experience, by ensuring inclusivity and prioritizing user-centered design.

The purpose of this study is to propose the theoretical model of artificial intelligence-based touchless technology adoption, in the context of facial recognition systems (FRSs) adoption by business event attendees. This research combines constructs of technology adoption and privacy-personalization paradox models with the construct derived from the contemporary context of perceived health risk at events. The study used a survey research design with a mental simulation that introduced an FRS to respondents via a video clip. The results of structural equation modeling based on 199 responses show that performance expectancy and trust in the system positively impact the intention to use FRSs at business events. While lacking direct effects on the adoption intention, effort expectancy demonstrates a significant influence on performance expectancy, and perceived personalization serves as a significant predictor of trust in the system. Perceived health risks of attending a business event did not reveal statistically significant effects on performance expectancy and intention to use FRSs. However, further investigation shows that perceived health risk moderates the effects of privacy concerns on trust and intention to use FRSs.

Sextortion often begins with a perpetrator contacting a victim through social media platforms, dating websites, or messaging applications. Victims share their explicit content, allowing the perpetrator to gain control by threatening to expose this material unless demands are met. The limited extant literature on this topic highlights a vast demographic of victims and serious consequences following victimisation. Given its interactional nature, the current, exploratory study examines psychological factors leading to sextortion. Specifically, personality traits, emotional factors, and sexual needs are investigated as predictors of victimisation. These psychological factors have been much neglected in the literature, despite having strong associations with sextortion-related online behaviours. Utilising data from 89 victims (73 males, 16 females; Mage = 24.73) and 212 non-victims (42 males, 170 females; Mage = 28.55) collected via an online survey, a series of t-tests and regressions were conducted to examine the objectives. Results showed that conscientiousness and emotionality were negatively predictive, and attachment-related anxiety and need for sex were positively predictive of victimisation. A comprehensive model containing these predictors correctly classified 76.1% of cases, indicating potential to measure psychological vulnerability to financial sextortion. With the majority of respondent victims being adult men experiencing financial demands, the discussion details the implications of this research on this group in particular, as well as study limitations.

Background

and aims: Common Mental Disorders (CMD) emerged as a substantial global burden, emphasizing the necessity of investigating effective treatment modalities, particularly in telemedicine. This umbrella review and meta-meta-analysis systematically evaluated telemedicine's effectiveness for CMD.

Methods

Key databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) were searched for telemedicine interventions targeting CMD, including depression and anxiety. The interventions included video conferencing, mobile applications, remote monitoring, and other communication technologies. Multiple subgroup analyses were conducted based on diverse outcomes, populations, and severity levels to gauge real-world effectiveness. The study, registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023452382), began in October 2022, with analysis from June to August 2023 and an update in April 2024.

Results

The umbrella review included 191 systematic reviews, and the meta-meta-analysis incorporated 72 meta-analyses, assessed for quality using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Results showed significant differences in depression outcomes between telemedicine and positive controls (SMD = −0.29) and blank controls (SMD = −0.53), both P < 0.001. For anxiety, effects were also notable (SMD = −0.26 for positive controls, SMD = −0.68 for blank controls, both P < 0.001). Telemedicine had no significant impact on adolescents but significantly improved depression (SMD = −0.49, P < 0.001) and anxiety (SMD = −0.37, P < 0.001) in adults. Across mild and severe CMD cases, telemedicine consistently demonstrated positive effects with no subgroup variations (both SMD = −0.47, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

In summary, telemedicine interventions showcase effectiveness comparable to traditional face-to-face methods in treating CMD. Furthermore, compared to blank controls, telemedicine exhibits significant therapeutic effectiveness.

Non-formal learning is becoming increasingly important in everyday life. Both the availability of open online learning opportunities and the number of participants in online courses continue to grow. Initially learners report high levels of motivation, but completion rates tend to be low. In the present study, we examined motivational trajectories of learners completing a non-formal online course. To this end, 450 learners of 49 open online courses offered by Bavarian universities completed up to three online questionnaires throughout the course. First, we used latent profile analysis to explore motivational trajectories within five subtypes of situational motivation, which resulted in four different motivational profiles. However, all profiles were characterized by remarkable stability over time, and differences only in the actual levels of the five motivational subtypes. Second, we used bivariate latent change score models to focus on differences of change in intrinsic motivation when analyzing simultaneously with situational interest. In addition, we considered self-regulation and mastery goal orientation as predictors of change in motivation. For intrinsic motivation there was only a small mean change and compensating effect from T1 to T2. We discuss the findings in the light of the fact that there are high dropout rates in non-formal online courses and offer practical advice on how to better address non-completers in future research.