Underground Space最新文献

Degradation mechanism of microstructure of residual coal pillars during highly mineralized mine-water storage in coal mine goaf 煤矿采空区高矿化储水过程中残余煤柱微结构降解机理

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.10.001

Hao Liu , Zenghui Zhao , Qing Ma , Xiaoli Liu , Longjie Zhu

Driven by the “dual carbon” strategy, the functionality of coal mine underground reservoirs is transitioning toward multimedia collaborative storage, such as CO₂ geological sequestration and strategic energy reserves. The microscopic structures of the coal pillar dams, which are subjected to mining-induced damage and long-term infiltration erosion by highly mineralized mine water, continuously deteriorate over time, posing significant risks to the long-term safety and stability of the reservoirs. This study, based on the Lingxin Coal Mine Underground Reservoir Demonstration Project, employs a multi-technique characterization approach including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope, nuclear magnetic resonance, and computed tomography to systematically reveal the multiscale collaborative erosion mechanisms of highly mineralized mine water on the mineral composition, crystal structure, and pore development of coal pillar dams. The results indicate: (1) significant concentration-dependent deterioration of mineral composition and crystal structure; kaolinite hydrolysis had a weakening effect on XRD peaks while quartz remained inert; (2) initiation of progressive microstructural damage at boundaries via dissolution/loosening; this damage advanced through layered mineral delamination and pore development (evidenced by NMR T₂ broadening), resulting in irreversible void formation with chloride precipitation; (3) formation of pore-throat halite crystals, primarily due to chloride ions (Cl^–); these crystals propagated microfractures through salt-expansion stress, establishing a cyclic dissolution–migration–crystallization–cracking process; (4) triggering of accelerated deterioration of the coal matrix owing to prolonged retention; this induced time- and concentration-dependent expansion and interconnection of pore-fracture networks, resulting in geomechanical deterioration.

在“双碳”战略的推动下，煤矿地下储层的功能正在向CO2地质封存、战略能源储备等多媒体协同存储功能过渡。煤柱坝由于受到采动破坏和高矿化矿井水的长期入渗侵蚀，其微观结构随着时间的推移不断恶化，对水库的长期安全稳定构成重大威胁。本研究以灵新煤矿地下水库示范工程为依托，采用x射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜、核磁共振、计算机断层扫描等多技术表征方法，系统揭示了高矿化矿水对煤柱坝矿物组成、晶体结构、孔隙发育的多尺度协同侵蚀机制。结果表明：(1)矿物组成和晶体结构随浓度显著恶化；高岭石水解对XRD峰有减弱作用，而石英保持惰性；(2)通过溶解/松动在边界处引发渐进的显微组织损伤；这种破坏通过层状矿物分层和孔隙发育进行（核磁共振T2展宽证明），导致氯离子沉淀形成不可逆孔隙；(3)形成孔喉岩盐晶体，主要是由于氯离子（Cl -）；这些晶体通过盐膨胀应力扩展微裂缝，形成了溶蚀-迁移-结晶-破裂的循环过程；(4)长时间滞留导致煤基体加速变质；这导致了随时间和浓度变化的孔隙-裂缝网络的扩展和连接，从而导致地质力学恶化。

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引用次数: 0

GPR-HIDiff: A diffusion-based model for horizontal interference suppression in urban underground detection radar profiles GPR-HIDiff：基于扩散的城市地下探测雷达剖面水平干扰抑制模型

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.08.002

Xiaosong Tang , Feng Yang , Xu Qiao , Jialin Liu , Haitao Zuo , Liang Gao , Jianshe Zhao , Suping Peng

Automated subsurface utility detection systems in construction rely heavily on the quality of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles, which are often degraded by high-amplitude horizontal interference. Existing low-rank decomposition methods lack the intelligence and flexibility required for multi-site data processing and involve labor-intensive parameter tuning, impeding their integration into intelligent construction workflows. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a horizontal interference suppression algorithm based on a diffusion model, termed GPR-HIDiff. The proposed model replaces conventional sequential convolutional operators with ResBlocks throughout the encoder, intermediate layer, and decoder of the UNet architecture, enhancing training stability. Lightweight agent attention modules are embedded between ResBlocks at each level to improve global information modeling capability. A spatial attention mechanism is deployed between the encoder and decoder to achieve adaptive spatial feature optimization. Furthermore, the forward diffusion phase adopts a cos

θ

schedule-based strategy to ensure a smooth temporal variation of noise variance. A standardized dataset comprising real-world measured samples and finite difference time domain simulation samples of urban road models has also been constructed. The effectiveness of the hybrid dataset, the introduced modules, the robustness analysis, and the cos

θ

schedule is validated through training with single/mixed datasets, ablation studies, evaluation of metric variations before and after the introduction of different noise levels, and comparative experiments with constant, linear, and cos

θ

schedules. Experimental results demonstrate that GPR-HIDiff significantly outperforms both traditional methods and state-of-the-art deep learning models on both simulated and real-world test samples. It effectively suppresses horizontal artifacts, preserves target hyperbolic contours, and avoids excessive reduction of target scattering, showcasing its exceptional performance. This method provides a powerful algorithmic foundation for high-resolution GPR imaging and target detection.

建设中的自动化地下公用事业探测系统在很大程度上依赖于探地雷达（GPR）剖面的质量，而这些剖面经常受到高振幅水平干扰的影响。现有的低秩分解方法缺乏多站点数据处理所需的智能和灵活性，并且涉及劳动密集型的参数调整，阻碍了它们与智能施工工作流的集成。为了解决这些挑战，本文提出了一种基于扩散模型的水平干扰抑制算法，称为GPR-HIDiff。该模型在UNet架构的编码器、中间层和解码器中使用ResBlocks取代传统的顺序卷积算子，增强了训练的稳定性。在每个级别的ResBlocks之间嵌入轻量级代理关注模块，以提高全局信息建模能力。在编码器和解码器之间部署空间注意机制，实现自适应空间特征优化。此外，前向扩散阶段采用基于成本θ调度的策略，以确保噪声方差的平滑时间变化。构建了由城市道路模型的实际测量样本和有限差分时域模拟样本组成的标准化数据集。混合数据集、引入的模块、鲁棒性分析和成本θ计划的有效性通过单个/混合数据集的训练、烧蚀研究、引入不同噪声水平前后度量变化的评估以及恒定、线性和成本θ计划的比较实验来验证。实验结果表明，GPR-HIDiff在模拟和现实世界的测试样本上都明显优于传统方法和最先进的深度学习模型。它有效地抑制了水平伪影，保留了目标的双曲轮廓，避免了目标散射的过度减少，显示出其优异的性能。该方法为高分辨率探地雷达成像和目标检测提供了强大的算法基础。

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引用次数: 0

Dynamic response of deep tunnel subjected to contour blasting-unloading considering internal free surface radius 考虑内自由面半径的深埋隧道轮廓爆破卸载动力响应

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.005

Siyu Peng, Xibing Li, Lisha Liang, Jingyao Gao

The dynamic stress response of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels during contour blasting is first derived using elastic statics and dynamics theory alongside Fourier transform methods. This solution uniquely accounts for the effects of lateral stress coefficient, blasting loading, two-dimensional unloading, and the redistribution of static stress fields induced by internal free surfaces. Discrete element numerical simulations are also performed and cross-validated with the theoretical model. The study analyzes and discusses the effects of in-situ stress levels, lateral stress coefficients

k

, and internal radius ratio

{\tilde{r}}_{0}

(ratio of internal free surface radius to tunnel radius) on the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rocks. The results indicate that increasing

{\tilde{r}}_{0}

can reduce the unloading amplitude, thereby decreasing the dynamic circumferential compressive stress and circumferential cracking induced by unloading, especially under high in-situ stress. Under low stress levels, the maximum dynamic radial compressive stress during blasting decreases, reducing radial compression-shear failure. Simultaneously, the dynamic circumferential tensile stress is also reduced, thereby minimizing blasting-induced radial fractures. However, under extreme lateral stress conditions (k < 0.2), adjusting

{\tilde{r}}_{0}

cannot cause the circumferential stress to exceed the radial stress at the tunnel contour along the maximum principal stress direction. As a result, an ideal contour blasting effect cannot be achieved, and failure continues to propagate radially. In conclusion, the derived dynamic blasting-unloading stress response, in relation to the internal radius ratio, provides theoretical analysis tools for understanding the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rock during contour blasting, serving as a foundation for optimizing blasting and support design.

首先利用弹性静力学和动力学理论，结合傅立叶变换方法，推导了深埋巷道轮廓爆破过程中围岩的动应力响应。该解决方案独特地考虑了侧向应力系数、爆破载荷、二维卸载以及内部自由表面引起的静态应力场重分布的影响。本文还进行了离散元数值模拟，并与理论模型进行了交叉验证。研究分析和讨论了地应力水平、侧向应力系数k和内半径比r ~ 0（内自由面半径与巷道半径之比）对围岩破坏特征和破坏机制的影响。结果表明，增大r ~ 0可以减小卸荷幅值，从而减小动周向压应力和卸荷引起的周向开裂，特别是在高地应力条件下。在低应力水平下，爆破过程中最大动态径向压应力减小，减少了径向压剪破坏。同时，动态周向拉应力也降低了，从而最大限度地减少了爆破引起的径向裂缝。然而，在极端侧向应力条件下（k < 0.2），调整r ~ 0不能使沿最大主应力方向隧道轮廓处的周向应力超过径向应力。因此，不能达到理想的轮廓爆破效果，破坏继续径向传播。综上所述，推导出的与内半径比相关的动爆卸荷应力响应，为了解轮廓爆破过程中围岩破坏特征和破坏机制提供了理论分析工具，为优化爆破和支护设计提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon emission mechanism and influence of design-oriented railway tunnel engineering 以设计为导向的铁路隧道工程碳排放机理及影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.004

Yajuan Li, Xueying Bao

Tunnels are critical transportation infrastructure, with >80% of their lifecycle carbon emissions from the design phase. Therefore, low-carbon design is a pathway to achieving “zero carbon” goals. However, multi-source and heterogeneous design information creates challenges because of tunnel carbon emission data silos. This study proposes a carbon emissions-structure-design framework with a multi-layered integrated structure for tunnel carbon footprint assessment, clarifying the relationships among design parameters, structural characteristics, and carbon emissions. Additionally, a design structure matrix-carbon footprint model is established to analyze the relationships between low-carbon design elements (LDEs) and the lifecycle carbon footprint. A model is developed to examine the nonlinear mechanisms by which LDEs affect carbon emissions. Case studies indicate that carbon emissions during the construction phase primarily arise from tunnel boring machine excavation, slag transportation, shotcreting, and tunnel lining. They are significantly influenced by LDEs, such as the surrounding rock grade, tunnel radius, advance rate, and slope, which exhibit threshold effects. In the operational phase, carbon emissions are dominated by train traction energy consumption, which increases with speed and decreases with radius. This is in contrast to the construction phase, where larger radii lead to higher emissions. This study integrates tunnel design parameters with lifecycle carbon emissions to overcome the limitations of traditional segmented approaches. The findings provide a decision-support framework for source-level emission reduction during the design phase, enabling engineers to predict carbon emissions for parameter combinations and offer a new strategy for achieving carbon neutrality in transportation infrastructure.

隧道是关键的交通基础设施，其生命周期中80%的碳排放来自设计阶段。因此，低碳设计是实现“零碳”目标的途径。然而，由于隧道碳排放数据孤岛，多源和异构的设计信息带来了挑战。本研究提出了一种多层一体化结构的隧道碳足迹碳排放-结构-设计框架，明确了设计参数、结构特征与碳排放之间的关系。建立设计结构矩阵-碳足迹模型，分析低碳设计元素与全生命周期碳足迹之间的关系。本文建立了一个模型来检验低密度发光二极管影响碳排放的非线性机制。实例研究表明，施工阶段的碳排放主要来自隧道掘进机开挖、输渣、喷射和隧道衬砌。围岩坡度、隧道半径、推进速度、坡度等因素对巷道围岩的影响显著，表现出阈值效应。在运行阶段，碳排放以列车牵引能耗为主，随速度增加而增加，随半径减小。这与施工阶段形成对比，在施工阶段，更大的半径导致更高的排放。该研究将隧道设计参数与生命周期碳排放相结合，克服了传统分段方法的局限性。研究结果为设计阶段的源头减排提供了决策支持框架，使工程师能够预测参数组合的碳排放，并为实现交通基础设施的碳中和提供了新的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on rock damage and failure induced by multi-source dynamic disturbances 多源动力扰动对岩石损伤破坏的实验研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.003

Han-Yi Liu, Ben-Guo He, Jia-Hua Guan, Hong-Yuan Fu

Research into the mechanical behaviour of rock surrounding the deep-buried tunnel under multi-source dynamic disturbance is key to the safety of underground engineering operations. Based on a dynamic true-triaxial testing apparatus, the present study examined the mechanical behaviours and fracture mechanisms of deep granite under the coupled effects of intermediate-frequency dynamic disturbance (f = 300 Hz) and low-frequency dynamic disturbance (f = 5–20 Hz). Intermediate-frequency dynamic disturbance markedly initiates the genesis of tensile micro-cracks within rock, while low-frequency dynamic disturbance exacerbates the propagation and interconnection of cracks, ultimately leading to the formation of a tensile-shear mixed failure mode. The severity of the influence of intermediate-frequency disturbance on the peak strength of rock is the initial crack compaction σ_cc (decreased by 8.1%), the damage stress σ_cd (decreased by 6.4%), and the crack initiation stress σ_ci (decreased by 4.7%) under different disturbance timings. This changes the characteristic stress of the rock and significantly decreases its brittleness index. Meanwhile, the low-frequency f of weak disturbance significantly affects the failure mode and peak strength of the rock. The peak strength σ_p exhibits U-shaped variation, with the maximum decrease reaching 15 MPa, which indicates the presence of a resonance effect between the external disturbance and the natural frequency of the rock. The timing of intermediate-frequency disturbance alters the natural frequency of the rock. Analysis of the fracture surface shows that cracks induced by intermediate-frequency disturbance primarily propagate along the σ₁-direction, while low-frequency disturbance promotes propagation of shearing cracks along the σ₃-direction. Brittle failure occurs due to the through-going shearing cracks. The results further reveal the synergistic mechanism of action of multi-source dynamic disturbance on rock failure, indicating that the coupled effects of multi-source dynamic disturbances significantly increase the risk of brittle failure in the rock mass.

多源动力扰动作用下深埋隧道围岩的力学行为研究是影响地下工程安全运行的关键。基于动态真三轴试验装置，研究了中频动态扰动（f = 300 Hz）和低频动态扰动（f = 5 ~ 20 Hz）耦合作用下深部花岗岩的力学行为和断裂机制。中频动力扰动显著地启动了岩石内部拉伸微裂纹的形成，低频动力扰动则加剧了裂缝的扩展和连接，最终导致拉剪混合破坏模式的形成。不同干扰时间中频扰动对岩石峰值强度的影响程度分别为初始裂纹压实σcc（减小8.1%）、损伤应力σcd（减小6.4%）和裂纹起裂应力σci（减小4.7%）。这改变了岩石的特征应力，显著降低了岩石的脆性指数。同时，弱扰动的低频f显著影响岩石的破坏模式和峰值强度。峰值强度σp呈u型变化，最大降幅达15 MPa，表明外部扰动与岩石固有频率之间存在共振效应。中频扰动的发生时间改变了岩石的固有频率。断口形貌分析表明，中频扰动诱发的裂纹主要沿σ1方向扩展，低频扰动诱发的剪切裂纹主要沿σ3方向扩展。脆性破坏是由贯通的剪切裂纹引起的。结果进一步揭示了多源动力扰动对岩石破坏的协同作用机制，表明多源动力扰动的耦合作用显著增加了岩体脆性破坏的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of shield tunnel joints: Focusing on structural performance with considerations for low-carbon emissions and economic efficiency 盾构隧道接缝优化：注重结构性能，兼顾低碳排放和经济效益

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.02.012

Minjin Cai , Timon Rabczuk , Shuwei Zhou , Xiaoying Zhuang

Optimizing shield tunnel joints is essential to meet the evolving demands of modern construction, where balancing structural performance, environmental impact, and cost efficiency is increasingly important. Traditional cast iron joint (CIJ) has been widely used, but there remains significant room for improvement in terms of both their mechanical efficiency and sustainability. This study addresses these challenges by investigating two alternative designs: the single row sleeve joint (SRSJ) and the double row sleeve joint (DRSJ). The research focuses on evaluating their mechanical performance and potential to reduce carbon emissions and costs, offering a more comprehensive and future-forward solution compared to the traditional CIJ. Through experimental testing, key performance factors such as joint deflection, rotational angle, concrete strain, and bolt strain were analyzed alongside joint toughness, ductility, cracking patterns, embodied carbon, and material cost. Key findings revealed that SRSJ achieved 97% of CIJ’s ultimate bearing capacity, while DRSJ reached only 75%. In the elastic phase, SRSJ performed significantly better, supporting twice the load of CIJ. Bolt strain analysis showed that DRSJ experienced greater stress concentration, while SRSJ maintained balanced strain distribution. SRSJ also outperformed CIJ and DRSJ in toughness and ductility, particularly in rotational flexibility, exceeding CIJ by 76%. SRSJ and DRSJ all demonstrated lower embodied carbon and costs compared to CIJ, with reductions of up to 7.21% in emissions and 6.42% in costs. Overall, SRSJ emerged as a viable alternative, balancing mechanical performance, sustainability, and cost efficiency. In contrast, DRSJ’s stress concentration issues limited its effectiveness, making it less advantageous compared to CIJ.

在平衡结构性能、环境影响和成本效益日益重要的现代建筑中，优化盾构隧道节点对于满足不断变化的需求至关重要。传统的铸铁接头（CIJ）已被广泛使用，但在机械效率和可持续性方面仍有很大的改进空间。本研究通过研究单排套筒接头（SRSJ）和双排套筒接头（DRSJ）两种可选设计来解决这些挑战。该研究的重点是评估其机械性能和减少碳排放和成本的潜力，与传统的CIJ相比，提供更全面、更前瞻性的解决方案。通过试验测试，分析了节点挠度、转角、混凝土应变、螺栓应变等关键性能因素，以及节点韧性、延性、开裂模式、含碳量和材料成本。关键研究结果表明，SRSJ达到了CIJ极限承载力的97%，而DRSJ仅达到75%。在弹性阶段，SRSJ的表现明显更好，可以承受CIJ的两倍载荷。锚杆应变分析表明，DRSJ的应力集中程度较大，而SRSJ的应变分布较为平衡。SRSJ在韧性和延展性方面也优于CIJ和DRSJ，特别是在旋转灵活性方面，超过CIJ 76%。与CIJ相比，SRSJ和DRSJ都显示出更低的隐含碳和成本，排放量减少了7.21%，成本减少了6.42%。总之，SRSJ在平衡机械性能、可持续性和成本效率方面成为一种可行的替代方案。相比之下，DRSJ的应力集中问题限制了其有效性，使其与CIJ相比不那么有利。

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引用次数: 0

Erratum to “Numerical analysis of straight and curved underground pipeline performance after rehabilitation by cured-in-place method”. [Undergr. Sp. 5 (2020) 30–42] “就地养护法修复后地下直、弯管道性能数值分析”的勘误。[Undergr。Sp. 5 (2020) 30-42]

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.11.001

K.J. Shou, C.C. Huang

引用次数: 0

Preliminary risk assessment of metro lines subjected to adjacent disturbance with time-series InSAR 基于时间序列InSAR的相邻扰动地铁线路风险初步评估

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.002

Zhiwen Xu , Suhua Zhou , Qingshan Zhang , Jiuchang Zhang , Chuting Huang

The urban metro system is a crucial infrastructure for sustainable urban development. However, ground engineering disturbances, such as foundation pit excavations and overloading, can cause damage to the metro structure, including cracks and water leakage. By integrating small baseline subset synthetic aperture radar interferometry (SBAS-InSAR) technology, this study develops a preliminary risk assessment methodology for metro lines that are subjected to ground engineering disturbances. A relevant case from Changsha was proposed, spanning from January 2017 to July 2023, using a dataset of 147 Sentinel satellite images. Key findings include: (1) InSAR technology effectively monitors ground settlement, the areas with significant construction activities, the average annual settlement rate typically exceeds −6 mm/yr, with some regions reaching up to −10 mm/yr. In contrast, most areas without ground disturbance usually experience surface settlement not exceeding −2 mm/yr. (2) Satellite imagery analysis of metro areas with settlement differences greater than 20 mm revealed that most of these regions are influenced by foundation pit excavation, and some regions may be influenced by soil consolidation. (3) Overall, metro lines in Changsha have a low risk level, with certain areas classified as “high risk”. In the high-risk sections, Line 2 and Line 6 account for 32.7% and 20%, respectively, and regular inspections are required. This study would be beneficial to sustainable urban transportation.

城市地铁系统是城市可持续发展的重要基础设施。然而，地面工程扰动，如基坑开挖和超载，会对地铁结构造成破坏，包括裂缝和漏水。通过集成小基线子集合成孔径雷达干涉测量（SBAS-InSAR）技术，本研究开发了一种受地面工程干扰的地铁线路的初步风险评估方法。在2017年1月至2023年7月期间，利用147张Sentinel卫星图像的数据集，提出了长沙的相关案例。主要发现包括：(1)InSAR技术能有效监测地表沉降，在建筑活动量较大的区域，年平均沉降速率一般超过−6 mm/yr，部分区域可达−10 mm/yr。相比之下，大多数没有地面扰动的地区的地表沉降通常不超过- 2毫米/年。(2)沉降差异大于20 mm的地铁区域的卫星影像分析表明，大部分区域受基坑开挖的影响，部分区域可能受土体固结的影响。(3)长沙市地铁线路总体风险水平较低，部分区域为“高风险”区域。在高危路段，2号线和6号线分别占32.7%和20%，并需要定期检查。本研究对城市交通可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of roughness on the mechanical response of rock-like specimens with nonpersistent joints under uniaxial compression based on joint deformation analysis 基于节理变形分析的单轴压缩下粗糙度对非持久节理类岩石试件力学响应的影响

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.001

Hong Yin , Zehui Gao , Yulong Shao , Shuhong Wang , Jae-Joon Song , Ye Wang , Jineon Kim , Shan Guo

Joint deformation is a key factor controlling the mechanical behavior of discontinuous rock strata under changing stress conditions, including dominating the elastic deformation in near-surface excavations and serving as a major component of settlement under higher stress. This study, focusing on joint deformation behavior, investigates the effect of joint roughness on the peak stress and failure modes of specimens under uniaxial compression. Rock-like specimens with two layers of parallel, nonpersistent joints, one rough, were fabricated using 3D printing technology. Digital image correlation was used to capture real-time surface displacement fields, and a joint deformation analysis method was developed. The results show that joints exhibit staged, non-uniform closure and slip behavior, influenced by joint roughness, distribution of primary and secondary joints, and layered arrangement. Rough joints accelerate closure but hinder slip coordination, resulting in a three-stage loading process. In stage I, primary closure and layer-coordinated slip occur, accompanied by crack initiation, joint coalescence, and steady stress growth. Stage II involves secondary closure and overall coordinated slip, leading to localized failure and stress stabilization. Stage III is characterized by complete closure, uncoordinated slip, intensified crack propagation, and specimen failure, accompanied by stress hardening. The study reveals that joint deformation serves as a bridge linking roughness and peak strength. The average joint closure level and slip coordination are linearly negatively correlated with roughness but nonlinearly positively correlated with peak strength. Roughness restricts slip coordination, limiting crack propagation and delaying failure, which slows stress growth. Redistribution of joint aperture during slip reduces joint closure, weakens wall contact, and diminishes stress hardening.

节理变形是控制非连续岩体在变应力条件下力学行为的关键因素，在近地表开挖中主导弹性变形，是高应力下沉降的主要组成部分。本研究着眼于节理的变形行为，研究了节理粗糙度对单轴压缩下试件峰值应力和破坏模式的影响。用3D打印技术制造了两层平行的岩石样样品，其中一层是粗糙的。采用数字图像相关技术实时捕获地表位移场，并建立了一种关节变形分析方法。结果表明：受节理粗糙度、主、次节理分布和层状排列的影响，节理表现出阶段性、非均匀闭合和滑移行为；粗糙的接头加速了闭合，但阻碍了滑移协调，导致了三个阶段的加载过程。在第一阶段，发生初级闭合和层间协调滑移，伴随着裂纹萌生、节理合并和稳定的应力增长。第二阶段涉及二次闭合和整体协调滑动，导致局部破坏和应力稳定。阶段III的特征是完全闭合，滑移不协调，裂纹扩展加剧，试样破坏，并伴有应力硬化。研究表明，节理变形是连接粗糙度和峰值强度的桥梁。平均节理闭合水平和滑移协调性与粗糙度呈线性负相关，与峰值强度呈非线性正相关。粗糙度限制了滑移协调，限制了裂纹扩展，延缓了破坏，减缓了应力增长。滑移过程中节理孔径的重新分布减少了节理闭合，减弱了壁面接触，减少了应力硬化。

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引用次数: 0

Probabilistic seismic response analysis of tunnel linings considering coupled rock mass property and earthquake excitation uncertainties 考虑岩体特性耦合和地震激励不确定性的隧道衬砌概率地震反应分析

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.08.001

Xiancheng Mei , Jiajun Wu , Baiyi Li , Zhen Cui , Chong Yu , Qian Sheng , Jian Chen

Tunnel lining seismic performance is significantly influenced by the spatial variability of geological parameters and the uncertainty of earthquake excitation factors, which are conventionally treated in isolation. This study proposes a novel probabilistic framework that integrates random field theory with an enhanced Clough–Penzien spectrum to concurrently model both uncertainty sources. The approach offers a more realistic and integrated assessment of seismic risk for tunnels under complex geological and loading conditions. The case analysis of a railway project reveals that considering both spatial variability of rock mass and uncertainty in seismic excitation leads to significant increases in internal forces and their variability, with mean values rising up to 278.9% and coefficients of variation (COV) up to 262.8%, compared to single-factor random analyses. The non-normal distribution of responses under seismic uncertainty, combined with the broader dispersion from rock variability, necessitates integrating both random factors for reliable seismic performance assessment of tunnels. Parametric studies demonstrate spectral parameters, including initial circular frequency (ω₀), equivalent damping ratio (ξ₀), and peak acceleration (a_max), significantly influence results: increasing ω₀ and ξ₀ markedly reduces both the mean and COV of lining mechanical response-by up to 83.5% and 82.5%, respectively-potentially underestimating failure risk and underscoring the need to adopt lower-bound values in design for enhanced safety. Meanwhile, a_max positively correlates with mean structural response, while variability in internal forces follows distinct trajectories; moreover, the interaction between rock spatial variability and seismic uncertainty raises failure probabilities by 3%–38%, emphasizing the necessity of integrating both randomness sources, especially in high-intensity seismic regions.

隧道衬砌的抗震性能受地质参数的空间变异性和地震激励因素的不确定性的显著影响，这些因素通常被孤立地处理。本研究提出了一种新的概率框架，该框架将随机场理论与增强的Clough-Penzien谱结合起来，同时模拟两个不确定性源。该方法为复杂地质和荷载条件下隧道地震危险性的综合评估提供了更为现实的依据。对某铁路工程的实例分析表明，考虑岩体空间变异性和地震激励的不确定性，与单因素随机分析相比，内力及其变异性显著增加，平均值可达278.9%，变异系数（COV）可达262.8%。地震不确定性下响应的非正态分布，再加上岩石变异性的广泛分散，需要将这两种随机因素结合起来，才能进行可靠的隧道抗震性能评估。参数研究表明，包括初始圆频率（ω0）、等效阻尼比（ξ0）和峰值加速度（amax）在内的频谱参数对结果有显著影响：ω0和ξ0的增加显著降低了衬里机械响应的均值和COV——分别高达83.5%和82.5%——这可能低估了失效风险，并强调了在设计中采用下限值以增强安全性的必要性。同时，amax与平均结构响应呈正相关，而内力的变异性遵循明显的轨迹；此外，岩石空间变异性和地震不确定性之间的相互作用使破坏概率增加了3%-38%，强调了整合这两种随机性来源的必要性，特别是在高烈度地震区域。

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