Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.008
Antonio Peña-García
The exponential increase in the number of new tunnels, their length, and complexity makes safe and comfortable driving in these infrastructures a must. Among all the technical characteristics necessary to achieve this target, accurate lighting is the most important. However, the peculiarities of driving in tunnels, narrowly linked to the infrastructure itself, but also to physiological and psychological characteristics of drivers, make good lighting complex and highly consuming in terms of energy, financial resources, use of raw materials, environmental impact, and maintenance. The relatively recent introduction of LEDs in tunnels and the new strategies to decrease energy demands and profit from sunlight, whose energy savings can reach 40% in a wide variety of cases, together with the progressive aging of drivers, are challenges for researchers in this field, that currently seek new perspectives affecting the tunnel, the roads before and after, and the portal surroundings. This work approaches the principles of tunnel lighting, its singularities, open points with difficult solutions, and some others that are already contributing to safer and more sustainable tunnels and underground roads.
{"title":"An introduction to tunnel lighting: Basis, calculations, and future lines in the interface between safety and sustainability","authors":"Antonio Peña-García","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The exponential increase in the number of new tunnels, their length, and complexity makes safe and comfortable driving in these infrastructures a must. Among all the technical characteristics necessary to achieve this target, accurate lighting is the most important. However, the peculiarities of driving in tunnels, narrowly linked to the infrastructure itself, but also to physiological and psychological characteristics of drivers, make good lighting complex and highly consuming in terms of energy, financial resources, use of raw materials, environmental impact, and maintenance. The relatively recent introduction of LEDs in tunnels and the new strategies to decrease energy demands and profit from sunlight, whose energy savings can reach 40% in a wide variety of cases, together with the progressive aging of drivers, are challenges for researchers in this field, that currently seek new perspectives affecting the tunnel, the roads before and after, and the portal surroundings. This work approaches the principles of tunnel lighting, its singularities, open points with difficult solutions, and some others that are already contributing to safer and more sustainable tunnels and underground roads.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 220-234"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.004
Tong Jiao , Pei Peng , Shixiang Li , Wei Wu
Singapore, a land- and resource-scarce nation, serves as a global example of how low-carbon initiatives can drive the sustainable development of underground space in densely populated urban environments. This critical review highlights major low-carbon efforts from both academia and the industry over the past decade, along with supportive policies that integrate these efforts into governance and decision-making processes. These efforts, including cutting carbon emissions through material efficiency, shaping carbon emissions through digitalized construction, and tracking carbon emissions through sustainable operation, not only reflect the national efforts to carbon reductions across the full lifecycle of underground infrastructure but also offer valuable insights for similar urban settings worldwide. Furthermore, the review identifies the development of a well-defined framework for lifecycle carbon assessment as an overarching trend to promote carbon reductions in underground space development. However, significant challenges remain, such as the need for comprehensive data collection and integration, as well as a deeper understanding of how human behavior interacts with operational efficiency. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaborations among government agencies, academic researchers, and industry practitioners to develop robust frameworks and dynamic models that more reliably capture the impact of low-carbon strategies on urban underground environments.
{"title":"Low-carbon efforts for underground space development in Singapore","authors":"Tong Jiao , Pei Peng , Shixiang Li , Wei Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Singapore, a land- and resource-scarce nation, serves as a global example of how low-carbon initiatives can drive the sustainable development of underground space in densely populated urban environments. This critical review highlights major low-carbon efforts from both academia and the industry over the past decade, along with supportive policies that integrate these efforts into governance and decision-making processes. These efforts, including cutting carbon emissions through material efficiency, shaping carbon emissions through digitalized construction, and tracking carbon emissions through sustainable operation, not only reflect the national efforts to carbon reductions across the full lifecycle of underground infrastructure but also offer valuable insights for similar urban settings worldwide. Furthermore, the review identifies the development of a well-defined framework for lifecycle carbon assessment as an overarching trend to promote carbon reductions in underground space development. However, significant challenges remain, such as the need for comprehensive data collection and integration, as well as a deeper understanding of how human behavior interacts with operational efficiency. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaborations among government agencies, academic researchers, and industry practitioners to develop robust frameworks and dynamic models that more reliably capture the impact of low-carbon strategies on urban underground environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 22-35"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-09-05DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.001
Fang-Le Peng , Wei-Xi Wang , Yong-Kang Qiao , Chen-Xiao Ma , Yun-Hao Dong
Urban underground space (UUS) development, guided by prudent planning, has emerged as a vital solution to the increasingly complex issues of urban built environments globally. Driven by the growing needs for human-centric urban design, low-carbon development, enhanced urban resilience, and alignment with sustainable development goals, UUS planning is rapidly shifting from experience-based approaches to evidence-based and data-driven methodologies. Yet, the broader landscape of this research field remains ambiguous, with the characteristics and future trajectories of such emerging planning technologies still to be clearly delineated. To this end, this systematic review delves into the burgeoning field of data-informed planning technologies for underground space (DIPTUS), examining how data-driven methods are revolutionizing the planning, design, and management of underground environments. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 134 articles published from 2014 to 2024, we identified key trends and mapped research themes within DIPTUS. Our narrative synthesis evaluated DIPTUS advancements across three dimensions: sensing and measurement, pattern and model, and planning and governance. The results indicate that DIPTUS exploits diverse data streams to quantitatively analyze UUS development. Utilizing advanced analytical tools such as spatial statistics, machine learning, and causal inference, these technologies uncover utilization patterns and planning optimization strategies. The review also underscores the increasing integration of planning and governance within DIPTUS, merging resource evaluation and demand forecasting, layout planning optimization, development benefits and spatial performance evaluation into a cohesive framework. Enhancements in 3D cadastral systems, innovative management models, and digital twin technologies further bolster this integrated approach. Despite significant strides, challenges in data integration, model complexity, and practical application persist. Lastly, we proposed a visionary framework to address these issues through interdisciplinary research and robust model development, aiming to fully harness DIPTUS’s transformative potential for sustainable, resilient, and human-centered urban environments.
{"title":"Review on data-informed planning for underground space","authors":"Fang-Le Peng , Wei-Xi Wang , Yong-Kang Qiao , Chen-Xiao Ma , Yun-Hao Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban underground space (UUS) development, guided by prudent planning, has emerged as a vital solution to the increasingly complex issues of urban built environments globally. Driven by the growing needs for human-centric urban design, low-carbon development, enhanced urban resilience, and alignment with sustainable development goals, UUS planning is rapidly shifting from experience-based approaches to evidence-based and data-driven methodologies. Yet, the broader landscape of this research field remains ambiguous, with the characteristics and future trajectories of such emerging planning technologies still to be clearly delineated. To this end, this systematic review delves into the burgeoning field of data-informed planning technologies for underground space (DIPTUS), examining how data-driven methods are revolutionizing the planning, design, and management of underground environments. Through a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 134 articles published from 2014 to 2024, we identified key trends and mapped research themes within DIPTUS. Our narrative synthesis evaluated DIPTUS advancements across three dimensions: sensing and measurement, pattern and model, and planning and governance. The results indicate that DIPTUS exploits diverse data streams to quantitatively analyze UUS development. Utilizing advanced analytical tools such as spatial statistics, machine learning, and causal inference, these technologies uncover utilization patterns and planning optimization strategies. The review also underscores the increasing integration of planning and governance within DIPTUS, merging resource evaluation and demand forecasting, layout planning optimization, development benefits and spatial performance evaluation into a cohesive framework. Enhancements in 3D cadastral systems, innovative management models, and digital twin technologies further bolster this integrated approach. Despite significant strides, challenges in data integration, model complexity, and practical application persist. Lastly, we proposed a visionary framework to address these issues through interdisciplinary research and robust model development, aiming to fully harness DIPTUS’s transformative potential for sustainable, resilient, and human-centered urban environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 257-281"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.009
Gang Yang , Tianbin Li
Predicting the three-dimensional (3D) distributions of discontinuities within rock masses is crucial for evaluating tunnel stability. However, this task is challenging due to the inherent opacity of rock, which prevents the direct observation of discontinuities. Most current methods for predicting discontinuities are based on extracting the two-dimensional intersection lines of spatial discontinuities. In this paper, we propose a novel, purely visual approach to analyze and predict the 3D distributions of discontinuities in rock masses. In this method, a 3D model of the tunnel face is constructed based on motion prediction and multi-view stereo vision, and the development of discontinuities is then predicted. Each set of discontinuities is projected onto the virtual tunnel face using a convex hull algorithm, creating a virtual trace. A newly developed algorithm for predicting spatiotemporal sequences, which incorporates a self-attention mechanism and a zigzag recurrent transition mechanism, is then applied to predict the evolution of discontinuities. For testing and verification, we used smartphones to collect surface data on multiple sets of excavated rock from the Bimoyuan Tunnel in Sichuan, China. Extensive experiments involving these surface data demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method. The findings provide technical support for predicting tunnel collapse and ensuring tunnel safety.
{"title":"Development of a 3D-point cloud-based spatiotemporal series model for tunnel rock mass discontinuities prediction","authors":"Gang Yang , Tianbin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting the three-dimensional (3D) distributions of discontinuities within rock masses is crucial for evaluating tunnel stability. However, this task is challenging due to the inherent opacity of rock, which prevents the direct observation of discontinuities. Most current methods for predicting discontinuities are based on extracting the two-dimensional intersection lines of spatial discontinuities. In this paper, we propose a novel, purely visual approach to analyze and predict the 3D distributions of discontinuities in rock masses. In this method, a 3D model of the tunnel face is constructed based on motion prediction and multi-view stereo vision, and the development of discontinuities is then predicted. Each set of discontinuities is projected onto the virtual tunnel face using a convex hull algorithm, creating a virtual trace. A newly developed algorithm for predicting spatiotemporal sequences, which incorporates a self-attention mechanism and a zigzag recurrent transition mechanism, is then applied to predict the evolution of discontinuities. For testing and verification, we used smartphones to collect surface data on multiple sets of excavated rock from the Bimoyuan Tunnel in Sichuan, China. Extensive experiments involving these surface data demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed method. The findings provide technical support for predicting tunnel collapse and ensuring tunnel safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 282-304"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145748051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.006
Si-yi Huang , Li-yuan Tong , Ming-fei Zhang , Tao Qiu , Xiao-dong Li , Jia-jia Wan
Masonry arch bridges serve as essential transport infrastructure and are often protected as cultural heritage sites. While most studies emphasize their response to vertical loading, limited attention has been given to their behavior under the influence of nearby tunnel excavation. This study investigates the interaction between tunnel-induced ground movement and masonry arch bridges through physical model tests and numerical simulations. Two typical arch bridge types are examined to assess deformation patterns caused by tunneling. A coupled discrete element and finite difference method is proposed to simulate soil–structure interactions, and the model is validated against experimental results. The results highlight that the arch span has a major impact on soil behavior. Larger spans lead to wider settlement zones and more uniform stress distribution but increase structural vulnerability. Semi-circular arches develop tensile strain at the crown and compressive strain at the foot under tunneling. Meanwhile, the joint displacements follow a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution, influenced by tunnel volume loss and burial depth, especially in circular arches. Increasing Young’s modulus and joint shear stiffness of masonry arch bridges through technical means, such as grouting, is helpful to reduce deformation and cracking. These findings support risk assessment and design improvements for masonry bridges in tunneling environments.
{"title":"Physical model test and numerical simulation for the interaction analysis between tunnel and masonry arch bridge","authors":"Si-yi Huang , Li-yuan Tong , Ming-fei Zhang , Tao Qiu , Xiao-dong Li , Jia-jia Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Masonry arch bridges serve as essential transport infrastructure and are often protected as cultural heritage sites. While most studies emphasize their response to vertical loading, limited attention has been given to their behavior under the influence of nearby tunnel excavation. This study investigates the interaction between tunnel-induced ground movement and masonry arch bridges through physical model tests and numerical simulations. Two typical arch bridge types are examined to assess deformation patterns caused by tunneling. A coupled discrete element and finite difference method is proposed to simulate soil–structure interactions, and the model is validated against experimental results. The results highlight that the arch span has a major impact on soil behavior. Larger spans lead to wider settlement zones and more uniform stress distribution but increase structural vulnerability. Semi-circular arches develop tensile strain at the crown and compressive strain at the foot under tunneling. Meanwhile, the joint displacements follow a three-dimensional Gaussian distribution, influenced by tunnel volume loss and burial depth, especially in circular arches. Increasing Young’s modulus and joint shear stiffness of masonry arch bridges through technical means, such as grouting, is helpful to reduce deformation and cracking. These findings support risk assessment and design improvements for masonry bridges in tunneling environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 106-125"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-06DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.005
Siyu Peng, Xibing Li, Lisha Liang, Jingyao Gao
The dynamic stress response of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels during contour blasting is first derived using elastic statics and dynamics theory alongside Fourier transform methods. This solution uniquely accounts for the effects of lateral stress coefficient, blasting loading, two-dimensional unloading, and the redistribution of static stress fields induced by internal free surfaces. Discrete element numerical simulations are also performed and cross-validated with the theoretical model. The study analyzes and discusses the effects of in-situ stress levels, lateral stress coefficients , and internal radius ratio (ratio of internal free surface radius to tunnel radius) on the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rocks. The results indicate that increasing can reduce the unloading amplitude, thereby decreasing the dynamic circumferential compressive stress and circumferential cracking induced by unloading, especially under high in-situ stress. Under low stress levels, the maximum dynamic radial compressive stress during blasting decreases, reducing radial compression-shear failure. Simultaneously, the dynamic circumferential tensile stress is also reduced, thereby minimizing blasting-induced radial fractures. However, under extreme lateral stress conditions (k < 0.2), adjusting cannot cause the circumferential stress to exceed the radial stress at the tunnel contour along the maximum principal stress direction. As a result, an ideal contour blasting effect cannot be achieved, and failure continues to propagate radially. In conclusion, the derived dynamic blasting-unloading stress response, in relation to the internal radius ratio, provides theoretical analysis tools for understanding the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rock during contour blasting, serving as a foundation for optimizing blasting and support design.
{"title":"Dynamic response of deep tunnel subjected to contour blasting-unloading considering internal free surface radius","authors":"Siyu Peng, Xibing Li, Lisha Liang, Jingyao Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamic stress response of the surrounding rock in deep tunnels during contour blasting is first derived using elastic statics and dynamics theory alongside Fourier transform methods. This solution uniquely accounts for the effects of lateral stress coefficient, blasting loading, two-dimensional unloading, and the redistribution of static stress fields induced by internal free surfaces. Discrete element numerical simulations are also performed and cross-validated with the theoretical model. The study analyzes and discusses the effects of in-situ stress levels, lateral stress coefficients <span><math><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow></math></span>, and internal radius ratio <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>∼</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> (ratio of internal free surface radius to tunnel radius) on the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rocks. The results indicate that increasing <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>∼</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> can reduce the unloading amplitude, thereby decreasing the dynamic circumferential compressive stress and circumferential cracking induced by unloading, especially under high in-situ stress. Under low stress levels, the maximum dynamic radial compressive stress during blasting decreases, reducing radial compression-shear failure. Simultaneously, the dynamic circumferential tensile stress is also reduced, thereby minimizing blasting-induced radial fractures. However, under extreme lateral stress conditions (<em>k</em> < 0.2), adjusting <span><math><mrow><msub><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>∼</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> cannot cause the circumferential stress to exceed the radial stress at the tunnel contour along the maximum principal stress direction. As a result, an ideal contour blasting effect cannot be achieved, and failure continues to propagate radially. In conclusion, the derived dynamic blasting-unloading stress response, in relation to the internal radius ratio, provides theoretical analysis tools for understanding the failure characteristics and mechanisms of surrounding rock during contour blasting, serving as a foundation for optimizing blasting and support design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 387-411"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-11-11DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.005
Lanxuan Shen, Behnam Atazadeh, Serene Ho, Abbas Rajabifard
Underground land and property information is currently recorded, registered, and managed using two-dimensional (2D) datasets provided in survey plans. There are significant communication challenges associated with fragmented 2D land and property data in complex underground projects. On the other hand, building information modelling (BIM) has been adopted for three-dimensional (3D) digital management of the lifecycle of built assets, including those of underground infrastructure. BIM can potentially provide a fully integrated 3D representation of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities for underground assets. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of BIM to support the development of 3D underground land administration (ULA) through an integrated data modelling approach. By reviewing the current body of knowledge, research challenges, and future pathways for adopting BIM-based approaches for 3D ULA data management are identified, specifically across legal, institutional, and technical dimensions. One key finding is the critical transition from current 2D approaches to BIM environments. This will lead to integrated and smooth information flow, which is critically important for more efficient ULA practices, enhancing communication among various stakeholders, improving decision-making in ULA, and contributing to sustainable underground space planning and development.
{"title":"Building information modelling for 3D underground land administration: Research challenges and future pathways","authors":"Lanxuan Shen, Behnam Atazadeh, Serene Ho, Abbas Rajabifard","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground land and property information is currently recorded, registered, and managed using two-dimensional (2D) datasets provided in survey plans. There are significant communication challenges associated with fragmented 2D land and property data in complex underground projects. On the other hand, building information modelling (BIM) has been adopted for three-dimensional (3D) digital management of the lifecycle of built assets, including those of underground infrastructure. BIM can potentially provide a fully integrated 3D representation of rights, restrictions, and responsibilities for underground assets. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of BIM to support the development of 3D underground land administration (ULA) through an integrated data modelling approach. By reviewing the current body of knowledge, research challenges, and future pathways for adopting BIM-based approaches for 3D ULA data management are identified, specifically across legal, institutional, and technical dimensions. One key finding is the critical transition from current 2D approaches to BIM environments. This will lead to integrated and smooth information flow, which is critically important for more efficient ULA practices, enhancing communication among various stakeholders, improving decision-making in ULA, and contributing to sustainable underground space planning and development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"26 ","pages":"Pages 235-256"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-03-04DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.004
Botao Hu , Yao Shan , Yu Zhao , Binglong Wang , Shunhua Zhou , Giovanni S. Alberti , Wenjie Ma , Bettina Detmann , Laurent Briançon
Due to the unclear mechanisms behind tunneling-induced deformation of pile-raft foundations, there are strict global restrictions on tunneling beneath embankments of high-speed railways. This study conducted a series of two-dimensional tunneling model tests to investigate the tunneling-induced deformation characteristics and mechanisms of pile-raft foundations. Soil displacement field and pile settlement were measured using particle image velocimetry and displacement transducers. The changes in soil displacement and the flexure of the pile-raft foundation in response to varying tunnel-pile distances, ground surface loads, and tunnel volume loss were analyzed. The results indicate that the tunneling-disturbed zone can be categorized into a loosened zone and an arch zone as identified by the propagation and separation of shear bands, with significant soil settlement occurring in the loosened zone. The maximum settlement of piles in a pile-raft foundation is greater than that in greenfield due to the larger loosened zone. However, the settlement width at the ground surface in pile-raft foundations is reduced due to the blocking effect of the piles. According to the relative position between the piles and the formed arch structure, three patterns of tunneling-ground-pile systems can be identified. As the tunnel-pile distance increases, the maximum settlement of the piles decreases. Increasing surface loads hardly affects the maximum settlement value of the pile, while the tunneling-induced arch zone expands significantly. This study provides a fundamental understanding of pile settlement behavior for tunneling beneath the pile-raft foundations of high-speed railways.
{"title":"Tunneling beneath the pile-raft foundations of high-speed railways: Progressive arching deformation and pile settlement behavior","authors":"Botao Hu , Yao Shan , Yu Zhao , Binglong Wang , Shunhua Zhou , Giovanni S. Alberti , Wenjie Ma , Bettina Detmann , Laurent Briançon","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the unclear mechanisms behind tunneling-induced deformation of pile-raft foundations, there are strict global restrictions on tunneling beneath embankments of high-speed railways. This study conducted a series of two-dimensional tunneling model tests to investigate the tunneling-induced deformation characteristics and mechanisms of pile-raft foundations. Soil displacement field and pile settlement were measured using particle image velocimetry and displacement transducers. The changes in soil displacement and the flexure of the pile-raft foundation in response to varying tunnel-pile distances, ground surface loads, and tunnel volume loss were analyzed. The results indicate that the tunneling-disturbed zone can be categorized into a loosened zone and an arch zone as identified by the propagation and separation of shear bands, with significant soil settlement occurring in the loosened zone. The maximum settlement of piles in a pile-raft foundation is greater than that in greenfield due to the larger loosened zone. However, the settlement width at the ground surface in pile-raft foundations is reduced due to the blocking effect of the piles. According to the relative position between the piles and the formed arch structure, three patterns of tunneling-ground-pile systems can be identified. As the tunnel-pile distance increases, the maximum settlement of the piles decreases. Increasing surface loads hardly affects the maximum settlement value of the pile, while the tunneling-induced arch zone expands significantly. This study provides a fundamental understanding of pile settlement behavior for tunneling beneath the pile-raft foundations of high-speed railways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 54-73"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-04DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.010
Chengwen Wang , Xiaoli Liu , Nan Hu , Wenli Yao , Enzhi Wang , Jianhong Jia
Twin-tunnel construction inevitably interacts under complex geological conditions, inducing highly complex hydraulic-rock-structure interactions. This study proposes a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based automatic monitoring system for in-situ measurement of rock and structural responses. It measures pore pressure, earth pressure, rock displacement, and additional stress and displacement of segments. Test results reveal three evolutionary stages: pre-shield arrival, shield passage, and post-shield passage. The final distribution and disturbance extent of these responses correlate with tunnel distance. A 3D refined numerical model incorporating the fluid–solid coupling and detailed construction process is developed. Numerical results analyze excess pore pressure, vault settlement, lining response, and key construction parameter effects (face and grouting pressure). Findings enhance understanding of twin tunnel interactions and hydraulic-rock-structural response mechanisms, providing insights for similar projects.
{"title":"Hydraulic-rock-structural responses of close-spaced shield-driven twin tunnels: Insights from in-situ monitoring and three-dimensional numerical simulation","authors":"Chengwen Wang , Xiaoli Liu , Nan Hu , Wenli Yao , Enzhi Wang , Jianhong Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twin-tunnel construction inevitably interacts under complex geological conditions, inducing highly complex hydraulic-rock-structure interactions. This study proposes a micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS)-based automatic monitoring system for in-situ measurement of rock and structural responses. It measures pore pressure, earth pressure, rock displacement, and additional stress and displacement of segments. Test results reveal three evolutionary stages: pre-shield arrival, shield passage, and post-shield passage. The final distribution and disturbance extent of these responses correlate with tunnel distance. A 3D refined numerical model incorporating the fluid–solid coupling and detailed construction process is developed. Numerical results analyze excess pore pressure, vault settlement, lining response, and key construction parameter effects (face and grouting pressure). Findings enhance understanding of twin tunnel interactions and hydraulic-rock-structural response mechanisms, providing insights for similar projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"25 ","pages":"Pages 195-217"},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号