Underground Space最新文献_第5页

Laboratory test on three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding soil during tunnel excavation 隧道开挖过程中围岩三维应力状态的室内试验研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.003

Yu Tian , Hao Chen , Junquan Wen , Abdul Motalleb Qaytmas , Dechun Lu , Xiuli Du

During tunnel excavation, the surrounding soil experiences complex stress redistribution, which is the root cause of the ground deformation and other engineering disasters. Many researchers have studied this issue through numerical simulations, but the results depend on the soil constitutive model and simulation strategy for the excavation process. In this paper, a large-scale laboratory test is conducted using a scaled shield machine, and the three-dimensional stress state of the surrounding soil is measured by a special earth pressure cell. Test data shows that the normal stress components and principal stresses above the crown decrease, and the stress path on the normalized deviatoric plane reaches the failure envelope determined by Matsuoka–Nakai criterion. Due to the misalignment between the stress release direction and principal directions of the geostatic stresses, shear stress is generated in the physical space, which explains the principal stress rotation of the surrounding soil near the shoulder. Near the sidewall, the major principal stress σ₁ is vertical and remains basically unchanged, the intermediate principal stress σ₂ is along the longitudinal direction and increases when the cutterhead reaches the monitoring section, while the minor principal stress σ₃ is along the transversal direction and decreases. On the deviatoric plane, stress paths near the foot and invert have similar development tendencies as those near the shoulder and crown, respectively. Therefore, the influence of the complex stress state on soil behaviours should be considered to provide a reasonable analysis for the tunnel excavation problem.

隧道开挖过程中，周围土体发生复杂的应力重分布，是造成地面变形等工程灾害的根本原因。许多研究者通过数值模拟的方法对这一问题进行了研究，但结果取决于开挖过程的土本构模型和模拟策略。本文采用规模化盾构机进行了大型室内试验，并采用专用土压力仪测量了周围土体的三维应力状态。试验数据表明，顶冠上方的法向应力分量和主应力减小，归一化偏平面上的应力路径达到松冈-中井准则确定的破坏包络线。由于应力释放方向与地静应力主方向不一致，在物理空间中产生剪应力，这解释了肩部附近周围土体的主应力旋转。在侧壁附近，主应力σ1为垂直方向，基本保持不变；中间主应力σ2为纵向方向，在刀盘到达监测断面后逐渐增大；次主应力σ3为横向方向，逐渐减小。在偏平面上，靠近足部和仰部的应力路径与靠近肩部和冠部的应力路径具有相似的发展趋势。因此，应考虑复杂应力状态对土体特性的影响，为隧道开挖问题提供合理的分析。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on large-scale subway station model considering adjustable water and soil pressure 考虑可调水土压力的大型地铁车站模型试验研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.007

Dongbo Zhou , Yuan Mei , Xin Ke , Ziyang Liu , Wangyang Xu

To investigate the structural stress conditions during the excavation and failure stages of subway stations under adjustable water and soil pressures, a 1∶10 scaled model was created based on similarity theory. Considering the equivalent soil pressure load, the loading procedures that controlled the excavation and failure of a metro station created via the cover excavation reverse construction method were evaluated. Additionally, an excavation unloading device and an external soil pressure-based graded loading device were developed for a metro station created via the cover excavation reverse construction method. By comparing the experimental results with the finite element simulation results, the axial force variations in the balance props during the excavation process were revealed, and the crack development process of the metro station was summarized. The external soil pressure remained unchanged; furthermore, the increase in the axial force of the balance props was negatively correlated with the distance to the previous balance prop and positively correlated with the axial force of the previous balance prop at the time of unloading. According to the graded soil pressure load and the corresponding crack initiation, development, and structural failure states, the model failure process was divided into four stages: the no-crack stage, initial cracking stage, crack penetration stage, and local damage stage. The first cracks in the station structure appeared at the corners and centers of the excavation openings. The first penetration of transverse cracks appeared in the middle of the basement first-floor wall. The cracks at the excavation opening corners and middle locations developed obliquely, forming an overall horseshoe shape. Localized damage first occurred at the corners where concrete spalled, exposing the reinforcement.

为研究可调水、土压力作用下地铁车站开挖及破坏阶段的结构应力状况，基于相似理论建立了1∶10比例模型。考虑等效土压力荷载，对覆盖开挖反施工法地铁车站开挖破坏控制的加载程序进行了评价。另外，针对某地铁覆盖开挖反施工法建设的车站，研制了开挖卸载装置和基于外部土压力的分级加载装置。通过试验结果与有限元模拟结果的对比，揭示了平衡支柱在开挖过程中轴向力的变化规律，总结了地铁车站裂缝的发展过程。外土压力保持不变；此外，平衡支柱轴向力的增加与与前一个平衡支柱的距离呈负相关，与卸载时前一个平衡支柱的轴向力呈正相关。根据分级土压力荷载及相应的裂缝萌生、发展和结构破坏状态，将模型破坏过程分为无裂缝阶段、初始裂缝阶段、裂缝穿透阶段和局部损伤阶段4个阶段。车站结构的第一次裂缝出现在开挖洞口的角落和中心。横向裂缝首次穿透出现在地下室一层墙体中部。开挖口角和中间位置的裂缝呈斜向发育，整体呈马蹄形。局部破坏首先发生在混凝土剥落的角落，暴露了钢筋。

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引用次数: 0

Progressive failure of water-filled karst cave of stratified tunnel using coupled discontinuous smoothed particle hydrodynamics method 层状隧道充水溶洞递进破坏的耦合不连续光滑颗粒流体力学方法

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.10.006

Chengzhi Xia , Zhenming Shi , Liu Liu , Guangyin Lu , Lin Zhou , Chuanyi Tao , Shaoqiang Meng

Tunnel construction in karst terrain is influenced by water-filled karst caves and stratigraphic layers, which involves failure characteristics of water-resistant structures and complex fluid–solid interaction (FSI) processes. To cope with this challenge, this paper used coupled discontinuous smoothed particle hydrodynamics (CDSPH) method for investigating water inrush of tunnels considering stratigraphic layers and karst cave positions. Hydraulic fracturing test and sliding‑induced impulsive wave test were carried out to verify the accuracy of the CDSPH method. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of inrush events in the field-scale Qiyeshan (QYS) karst tunnel was conducted, considering different layer dip angles and cave positions on the evolution characteristics of inrush disasters, with quantitative parameters proposed for predicting water/mud inrush from local to overall disaster. The simulation results indicate that CDSPH karst model has been verified to faithfully capture the progressive failure of water-resistant structure during inrush in stratigraphic layers. Water/mud inrush in QYS tunnels can be divided into four stages based on vertical/horizontal stress characteristics, encompassing hydraulic fracturing of karst caves, local inrush, rock collapse, and overall inrush. The dip angle of the bedding planes affects the hydraulic failure characteristics of karst caves. When the cave is located at the top of the tunnel, the water-resistant structures with a dip angle (θ) of 45° poses the highest risk, while θ = 0° provides the most stability. Furthermore, the decrease in water pressure and the occurrence of the maximum flow velocity within the cave can serve as vital indexes to predict the transition from local inrush to overall inrush disaster. These findings emphasize the importance of the CDSPH tunnel model considering stratigraphic layers and karst cave positions when predicting water/mud inrush, and provide guidance for the prevention of inrush flow in karst tunnels.

岩溶地形隧道施工受充水溶洞和地层的影响，涉及抗水结构的破坏特征和复杂的流固相互作用过程。为了应对这一挑战，本文采用耦合不连续光滑粒子水动力学（CDSPH）方法对考虑地层分层和溶洞位置的隧道突水进行了研究。通过水力压裂试验和滑动诱发脉冲波试验验证了CDSPH方法的准确性。在此基础上，综合分析了祁野山岩溶隧道突水事件，考虑不同的层倾角和洞位对突水灾害演化特征的影响，提出了从局部到整体突水灾害预测的定量参数。模拟结果表明，CDSPH岩溶模型能较好地反映地层突水过程中抗水结构的递进破坏。根据垂直/水平应力特征，QYS隧道突水可分为溶洞水力破裂、局部突水、岩崩和整体突水四个阶段。层理面倾角影响溶洞水力破坏特征。当洞室位于隧道顶部时，倾角为45°的防水结构风险最大，倾角为0°的防水结构稳定性最好。洞内水流压力的减小和最大流速的出现可以作为预测局部突水灾害向整体突水灾害过渡的重要指标。这些研究结果强调了考虑地层分层和溶洞位置的CDSPH隧道模型在预测突水/泥涌时的重要性，为岩溶隧道突水的防治提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0

Seismic resilience analysis of high-speed railway tunnels across fault zones using ensemble learning approach 基于集成学习方法的高速铁路跨断裂带隧道抗震弹性分析

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.04.011

Lianjie Yang , Chunlei Xin , Zhao Wang , Xinyuan Yu , Iman Hajirasouliha , Wenkai Feng

Severe damage to the Daliang high-speed railway tunnel during earthquakes primarily results from the dynamic interplay between fault dislocation and intense seismic forces near fault lines, accompanied by their complex feedback mechanisms. This study introduces a novel hybrid finite element model to explore the impact of fault dislocation-induced earthquakes on tunnel lining integrity. The influence of seismic characteristics on factors such as peak ground acceleration, tunnel structure form, and the shear modulus of surrounding rock is analyzed. Extensive numerical simulations investigate the coupling effects of faults and various seismic motions on tunnel structures. Additionally, a rapid resilience assessment model for tunnels crossing strike-slip faults is developed using the Adaboost algorithm. This model evaluates the seismic fragility and resilience of such tunnels, offering insights into the anti-seismic behaviors of three distinct tunnel lining configurations under the combined stresses of fault dislocation and significant seismic activity. Furthermore, the fault damage characteristics of the crossing-fault high-speed railway tunnel are assessed, based on real earthquake damage classification and current seismic codes. Findings demonstrate that the evaluation model is both highly accurate and efficient, serving as an effective alternative to traditional nonlinear time-history analysis of tunnel structures. Research shows that critical factors influencing seismic fragility and resilience include the structural design of the tunnel, shear modulus of the surrounding rock, peak ground acceleration, and tunnel height. Simulations reveal that tensile and compressive damage are significantly reduced in circular tunnels with a shock-absorbing joint compared to original tunnel prototypes. Overall, damage assessments from actual faults in crossing-fault high-speed railway tunnels correlate well with numerical predictions, providing essential references for structural recovery and safety evaluations post-earthquake.

大梁高速铁路隧道在地震过程中的严重破坏，主要是断层位错与断层线附近强烈地震力相互作用的结果，并伴有复杂的反馈机制。本文引入了一种新的混合有限元模型来探讨断层错动地震对隧道衬砌完整性的影响。分析了地震特征对峰值地面加速度、隧道结构形式、围岩剪切模量等因素的影响。大量的数值模拟研究了断层和各种地震运动对隧道结构的耦合效应。此外，利用Adaboost算法建立了隧道穿越走滑断层的快速弹性评估模型。该模型评估了此类隧道的地震脆弱性和恢复力，为断层错位和强烈地震活动联合应力下三种不同隧道衬砌结构的抗震行为提供了见解。基于实际地震震害分类和现行抗震规范，对跨断层高速铁路隧道的断层损伤特征进行了评价。结果表明，该评价模型具有较高的准确性和有效性，可作为传统非线性隧道结构时程分析的有效替代方法。研究表明，隧道结构设计、围岩剪切模量、峰值地面加速度和隧道高度是影响隧道地震易损性和恢复力的关键因素。模拟结果表明，与原始隧道模型相比，圆形隧道中减震接头的拉伸和压缩损伤显著降低。总体而言，跨断层高速铁路隧道实际断层损伤评估与数值预测吻合较好，为结构恢复和震后安全评价提供了重要参考。

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引用次数: 0

Long-term horizontal displacement induced by shield tunneling in consolidating soft ground 软土地基固结中盾构开挖引起的长期水平位移

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.007

Haibo Wang , Rongjun Zhang , Fengjuan Tao , Junjie Zheng

Shield tunneling often gives rise to excessive long-term horizontal displacement in consolidating soft ground, posing risks to the safety of adjacent structures. This study investigates the characteristics of long-term horizontal displacement induced by shield tunneling in consolidating soft ground, with the aim of providing practical guidance for optimizing ground treatment strategies. Firstly, a three-dimensional numerical model, validated by a case history in Shanghai, is employed to analyze the horizontal displacement of the soft ground. Comparisons are conducted between the horizontal displacements in normally-consolidated and consolidating cases. Subsequently, the influence of the consolidating state on the horizontal displacement is investigated by numerical analyses. The simulation results indicate that the short-term horizontal displacements follow a similar trend and comparable magnitude in both normally-consolidated and consolidating soft soil. However, the long-term horizontal displacements display a quite different pattern. The maximum discrepancy between normally-consolidated and consolidating cases is observed at the ground surface, where the long-term horizontal displacements of the two cases orient toward entirely opposite directions. The discrepancy at the ground surface increases as the degree of consolidation or the tunnel depth decreases, while it is relatively insensitive to the thickness of the newly filled layer. Finally, an empirical estimation method is proposed to predict the long-term horizontal displacement at the ground surface for shield tunneling in consolidating soft ground.

盾构隧道在加固软土地基过程中，经常产生过大的长期水平位移，对相邻结构的安全构成威胁。研究盾构隧道在软土地基加固过程中引起的长期水平位移特征，为优化地基处理策略提供实践指导。首先，建立了上海地区软土地基水平位移的三维数值模型，并进行了实例验证。对正常固结和固结情况下的水平位移进行了比较。随后，通过数值分析研究了固结状态对水平位移的影响。模拟结果表明，正常固结和固结软土的短期水平位移具有相似的趋势和量级。然而，长期水平位移表现出完全不同的模式。正常固结和固结情况的最大差异出现在地表，两种情况的长期水平位移方向完全相反。地表差异随固结程度或隧道深度的减小而增大，而对新填层厚度相对不敏感。最后，提出了一种预测软土地基固结中盾构隧道地表长期水平位移的经验估计方法。

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引用次数: 0

AOC: An adaptive oriented contraction method for automatic trace recognition of rock tunnel excavation face based on 3D point cloud AOC：一种基于三维点云的岩巷开挖面自动轨迹识别的自适应定向收缩方法

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.005

Keshen Zhang , Min Zhang , Lianyang Zhang , Wei Wu

Trace recognition is essential for rock discontinuity characterization of tunnel excavation faces. Traditional methods of trace identification based on three-dimensional (3D) point cloud curvatures require manual fine-tuning for curvature detection and lack consistency with orientation grouping results. This paper proposes a new automatic method for trace identification from 3D point cloud. An adaptive vector method based on neighbor assignment is proposed to accurately generate both normal vectors and directional vectors on sharp points. A principal component analysis-based oriented contraction (PWI-OC) method is presented to extract point cloud skeletons with good iterative conformality. A sparse growing method is proposed to generate extensive trace segments. Two rock excavation face cases, from a mining tunnel and a railway tunnel, are adopted for analysis. The significance of adaptive normal vectors is validated for improving the quality of orientation grouping, and the iterative conformality of PWI-OC is validated to generate more accurate and robust trace skeletons than the traditional method. The results show that the proposed method can achieve a more accurate trace identification than traditional methods, consistent with orientation grouping results, robust to overlapping traces, and automates curvature point detection.

痕迹识别是巷道开挖面岩体结构面特征识别的关键。传统的基于三维点云曲率的轨迹识别方法需要手动微调曲率检测，并且与方向分组结果缺乏一致性。提出了一种新的三维点云痕迹自动识别方法。提出了一种基于邻居分配的自适应矢量方法，可以准确地生成尖锐点上的法向量和方向向量。提出了一种基于主成分分析的定向收缩（PWI-OC）方法提取迭代一致性好的点云骨架。提出了一种稀疏增长方法来生成广泛的轨迹段。采用某矿山隧道和某铁路隧道两种围岩开挖工作面实例进行分析。验证了自适应法向量对提高定向分组质量的意义，验证了PWI-OC的迭代一致性，生成的轨迹骨架比传统方法更准确、鲁棒。结果表明，该方法能够实现比传统方法更精确的轨迹识别，与方向分组结果一致，对重叠轨迹具有鲁棒性，并能实现曲率点的自动检测。

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引用次数: 0

Integrated geophysical and computational modeling of hydromechanical mechanisms of underground debris flows in mining region 矿区地下泥石流流力学机制的综合地球物理与计算模拟

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.06.002

Yu Zhang , Kun He , Xiewen Hu , Wenlian Liu , Sugang Sui , Gang Luo , Mei Han

Underground debris flows, arising from the complex interplay of anthropogenic activities and rainfall-induced hydromechanical processes, present significant geotechnical hazards that remain poorly understood due to their hidden nature and dynamic multiphase triggers. Focusing on underground debris flow in a mining area in Southwest China, this study advances an integrated framework combining air-ground transient electromagnetic method (AGTEM) and computational fluid dynamics coupled with the discrete element method (CFD–DEM), revealing the migration mechanism in which microscale multiphase hydraulic erosion drives the macroscopic initiation of underground debris flow. Key findings include: (1) The identification of three transport phases (rapid erosion, slow erosion, and stabilization) provides actionable thresholds for monitoring and mitigation. (2) The coupled feedback between hydraulic conductivity anisotropy and the formation of preferential flow is the primary driver of large-scale debris transportation. (3) Linking mining-induced seismic energy to vibration-induced liquefaction via DEM simulations offers a physics-based explanation for flow mobilization triggers. The integrated geophysical-numerical framework offers new capabilities for predicting initiation thresholds and developing physics-based mitigation strategies in mining-affected terrains.

地下泥石流是由人为活动和降雨引起的流体力学过程的复杂相互作用引起的，由于其隐藏性和动态多相触发因素，造成了重大的岩土危害，但人们对其了解甚少。以西南某矿区地下泥石流为研究对象，提出了气地瞬变电磁法（AGTEM）与计算流体力学耦合离散元法（CFD-DEM）相结合的综合框架，揭示了微尺度多相水力侵蚀驱动地下泥石流宏观起动的运移机制。主要发现包括：(1)确定三个迁移阶段（快速侵蚀、缓慢侵蚀和稳定）为监测和缓解提供了可操作的阈值。(2)导流各向异性与优先流形成之间的耦合反馈是大规模岩屑输运的主要驱动因素。(3)通过DEM模拟将采矿引起的地震能量与振动引起的液化联系起来，为流动动员触发器提供了基于物理的解释。综合地球物理-数值框架为预测采矿影响地形的起始阈值和制定基于物理的缓解战略提供了新的能力。

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引用次数: 0

Towards trustworthy excavation-induced risk warning for adjacent building: A Bayesian reasoning based probabilistic deep learning method 基于贝叶斯推理的概率深度学习方法实现相邻建筑挖掘风险可信预警

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.05.006

Yue Pan , Xuyang Li , Jianjun Qin , Jinjian Chen , Paolo Gardoni

Foundation pit excavation for underground space development inevitably disrupts the surrounding soil, raising safety concerns for adjacent buildings. To address the need for an intelligent and trustworthy warning of the excavation-induced risk for adjacent buildings, this study develops a hybrid deep learning framework for probabilistic modeling (PM) with a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network (termed as PM-LSTM). The proposed framework incorporates Bayesian reasoning and a bidirectional mechanism to enhance its predictive capabilities. The forward learning process enables the dynamic estimation of the probability that adjacent buildings will experience varying levels of risk over time, as new data is incorporated. Meanwhile, it can precisely calculate the first exceeding probability of the adjacent building entering an extremely high-risk level daily, facilitating early warning triggers. Besides, the reverse learning process leverages Bayesian reasoning to identify the most influential response parameters of the foundation pit, serving as key checkpoints for excavation monitoring. It further calculates the posterior probabilities and their intervals for each response parameter under the assumption of a specific risk state for adjacent structures. These insights enable the formulation of proactive risk mitigation measures. The proposed PM-LSTM framework is validated through a case study of the excavation project at Zone A of Jing’an Temple Station on Shanghai Metro Line 14. Comparative analyses further demonstrate the robustness of the framework, underscoring its potential as a reliable decision-making tool for risk analysis and management in complex and uncertain underground engineering projects.

地下空间开发的基坑开挖不可避免地破坏了周围的土壤，引起了邻近建筑物的安全问题。为了解决对邻近建筑挖掘风险的智能和可信预警的需求，本研究开发了一个混合深度学习框架，用于概率建模（PM）和长短期记忆（LSTM）神经网络（称为PM-LSTM）。提出的框架结合了贝叶斯推理和双向机制，以提高其预测能力。随着新数据的加入，前向学习过程可以动态估计相邻建筑物随着时间的推移将经历不同程度风险的概率。同时，每天精确计算相邻建筑进入极高风险等级的第一次超越概率，便于预警触发。反向学习过程利用贝叶斯推理识别基坑最具影响的响应参数，作为基坑开挖监测的关键关卡。进一步计算了相邻结构在特定风险状态下各响应参数的后验概率及其区间。这些见解有助于制定主动的风险缓解措施。以上海地铁14号线静安寺站a区开挖工程为例，对所提出的PM-LSTM框架进行了验证。对比分析进一步证明了该框架的稳健性，强调了其作为复杂和不确定地下工程项目风险分析和管理的可靠决策工具的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on ECC-based unreinforced shield tunnel segmental joints for future resilient infrastructure 面向未来弹性基础设施的无加固盾构隧道管片节理试验研究

IF 8.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.09.009

Minjin Cai , Timon Rabczuk , Xiaoying Zhuang

To advance resilient infrastructure, this study explores unreinforced shield tunnel segment technologies, a critical but under-researched area. It conducted experiments on ECC-based unreinforced segments (ECCUS), comparing them with ECC-based reinforced segments (ECCRS) and reinforced concrete segments (RCS), focusing on their mechanical properties, including material characteristics, segmental deflection, joint behavior, bolt strain, damage propagation, failure modes, joint toughness, and ductility. Key findings include: (1) ECCUS joints exhibited significantly enhanced bearing capacity, with ultimate strength 34% higher than RCS and 29% higher than ECCRS. In terms of initial cracking strength, ECCUS outperformed RCS by 200% and ECCRS by 34%. (2) The absence of reinforcement cages in ECCUS reduced stiffness but improved overall segment coordination and deformation, leading to deflections 100% greater than RCS and 85% than ECCRS. (3) ECCUS and ECCRS displayed numerous, fine cracks under 200 µm wide, while RCS showed fewer, wider cracks over 3 mm, leading to significant spalling. Cracks in ECCUS were densely distributed across shear and compression zones, in contrast to RCS and ECCRS where they concentrated on compression areas. (4) ECCUS joints exhibited remarkable toughness, with elastic phase toughness 13.47 times that of RCS and 1.91 times that of ECCRS. In the normal serviceability phase, the toughness of ECCUS was 12.17 times that of RCS and 2.53 times that of ECCRS. (5) Considering multi-scale mechanical effects, ECCUS joints amplified the material advantages of ECC over RC more than 11 times during the elastic stage. These findings offer valuable insights for future resilient infrastructure development based on unreinforced construction technologies.

为了推进弹性基础设施，本研究探索了非加固盾构隧道管段技术，这是一个关键但研究不足的领域。对ecc基无筋段（ECCUS）进行了试验，将其与ecc基有筋段（ECCRS）和钢筋混凝土段（RCS）进行了比较，重点研究了其力学性能，包括材料特性、节段挠度、节点行为、螺栓应变、损伤扩展、破坏模式、节点韧性和延性。主要研究结果包括：(1)ECCUS节点承载力显著增强，其极限强度比RCS高34%，比ECCRS高29%；在初始开裂强度方面，ECCUS比RCS高200%，ECCRS高34%。(2) ECCUS中没有钢筋笼降低了刚度，但改善了整体节段协调和变形，导致挠度比RCS大100%，比ECCRS大85%。(3) ECCUS和ECCRS在200µm以下出现了大量细小的裂缝，而RCS在3 mm以上出现了较少、较宽的裂缝，导致明显的剥落。ECCUS的裂缝集中分布在剪切区和压缩区，而RCS和ECCRS的裂缝集中在压缩区。(4) ECCUS接头韧性显著，其弹性相韧性是RCS的13.47倍，ECCRS的1.91倍。在正常使用阶段，ECCUS的韧性是RCS的12.17倍，ECCRS的2.53倍。(5)考虑多尺度力学效应，ECCUS节点在弹性阶段将ECC的材料优势放大了11倍以上。这些发现为未来基于非加固建筑技术的弹性基础设施发展提供了有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Rockburst proneness index of surrounding rock considering rock mass quality and excavation disturbance factor 考虑岩体质量和开挖扰动因素的围岩岩爆倾向性指数

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.03.004

Fengqiang Gong , Lei Xu , Shuren Wang , Qinghe Zhang , Yong Huang

Rockburst is an engineering phenomenon characterized by the release of elastic strain energy due to the dynamic failure of deep surrounding rock. The existing rockburst proneness indexes primarily focus on rock materials, failing to encompass rock mass quality and engineering excavation disturbance. On the basis of the potential elastic strain energy released by rock failure, five kinds of rockburst proneness indexes of surrounding rock are established considering the rock mass quality and excavation disturbance factor. Firstly, the linear relationship between elastic modulus and residual elastic energy of rock materials (A_EF), the relationships between elastic and deformation moduli, as well as the link with rock mass quality evaluation indexes (i.e., rock mass rating (RMR), basic quality index of rock mass (BQ), and geological strength index (GSI)) and deformation modulus, were used to derive five assessment model of rockburst proneness for surrounding rock. Secondly, the rockburst proneness degree for three grades of surrounding rock (I: excellent rock, II: good rock, and III: fair rock) was assessed utilizing the RMR₈₉, BQ, and GSI indices, and the influence of excavation disturbances on the residual elastic energy of surrounding rock (

A_{EF}^{SR}

) was analysed. In general, the higher the quality of rock mass and the lesser the disturbance factor, the greater the rockburst proneness degree of surrounding rock. The accuracy of proposed rockburst proneness indexes was validated by using the field data from 27 rockburst cases. The results demonstrate that the discriminant grade of rockburst index based on GSI is basically consistent with the actual occurrence grade of rockburst cases, with an accuracy of 93%, which can be used as a recommended method for evaluating the rockburst proneness degree of surrounding rock. Finally, the shortcomings of rockburst proneness assessment model are discussed, and the improvement direction is elucidated.

岩爆是由于深部围岩动力破坏而释放出弹性应变能的工程现象。现有的岩爆倾向性指标主要关注岩石材料，未能涵盖岩体质量和工程开挖扰动。以岩石破坏释放的潜在弹性应变能为基础，综合考虑岩体质量和开挖扰动因素，建立了5种围岩岩爆倾向性指标。首先，利用岩体弹性模量与残余弹性能（AEF）之间的线性关系、弹性模量与变形模量之间的关系以及与岩体质量评价指标(即岩体等级（RMR）、岩体基本质量指标（BQ）和地质强度指标（GSI）与变形模量之间的联系，推导出围岩岩爆倾向性评价模型。其次，利用RMR89指数、BQ指数和GSI指数对1级、2级、3级围岩的冲击地压倾向性进行评价，分析开挖扰动对围岩残余弹性能的影响；一般来说，岩体质量越高，扰动系数越小，围岩岩爆倾向性越大。通过27例岩爆现场资料，验证了所提岩爆倾向性指标的准确性。结果表明，基于GSI的岩爆指数判别等级与岩爆案例的实际发生等级基本一致，准确率达93%，可作为评价围岩岩爆倾向性程度的推荐方法。最后，讨论了岩爆倾向性评价模型存在的不足，并指出了改进方向。

{"title":"Rockburst proneness index of surrounding rock considering rock mass quality and excavation disturbance factor","authors":"Fengqiang Gong , Lei Xu , Shuren Wang , Qinghe Zhang , Yong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rockburst is an engineering phenomenon characterized by the release of elastic strain energy due to the dynamic failure of deep surrounding rock. The existing rockburst proneness indexes primarily focus on rock materials, failing to encompass rock mass quality and engineering excavation disturbance. On the basis of the potential elastic strain energy released by rock failure, five kinds of rockburst proneness indexes of surrounding rock are established considering the rock mass quality and excavation disturbance factor. Firstly, the linear relationship between elastic modulus and residual elastic energy of rock materials (<em>A</em><sub>EF)</sub>, the relationships between elastic and deformation moduli, as well as the link with rock mass quality evaluation indexes (i.e., rock mass rating (RMR), basic quality index of rock mass (BQ), and geological strength index (GSI)) and deformation modulus, were used to derive five assessment model of rockburst proneness for surrounding rock. Secondly, the rockburst proneness degree for three grades of surrounding rock (I: excellent rock, II: good rock, and III: fair rock) was assessed utilizing the RMR<sub>89</sub>, BQ, and GSI indices, and the influence of excavation disturbances on the residual elastic energy of surrounding rock (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>EF</mi></mrow><mi>SR</mi></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) was analysed. In general, the higher the quality of rock mass and the lesser the disturbance factor, the greater the rockburst proneness degree of surrounding rock. The accuracy of proposed rockburst proneness indexes was validated by using the field data from 27 rockburst cases. The results demonstrate that the discriminant grade of rockburst index based on GSI is basically consistent with the actual occurrence grade of rockburst cases, with an accuracy of 93%, which can be used as a recommended method for evaluating the rockburst proneness degree of surrounding rock. Finally, the shortcomings of rockburst proneness assessment model are discussed, and the improvement direction is elucidated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"24 ","pages":"Pages 1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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