Underground Space最新文献_第10页

Shield tunneling efficiency and stability enhancement based on interpretable machine learning and multi-objective optimization 基于可解释机器学习和多目标优化的盾构掘进效率和稳定性提升

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2025.01.001

Wenli Liu , Yang Chen , Tianxiang Liu , Wen Liu , Jue Li , Yangyang Chen

Adequate control of shield machine parameters to ensure the safety and efficiency of shield construction is a difficult and complex problem. To address this problem, this paper proposes a hybrid intelligent optimization framework that combines interpretable machine learning, intelligent optimization algorithms, and multi-objective optimization and decision-making methods. The nonlinear relationship between the input parameters and ground settlement (GS) is fitted based on the light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and the effect of the input parameters on GS is analysed based on SHapley additive exPlanation for further feature selection. Subsequently, the hyperparameters of LGBM were determined based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA) to better fit the input–output relationship. On this basis, a multi-objective intelligent optimization model is established to solve the optimized operating parameters of shield machine by non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to reduce GS and improve drilling efficiency. The results demonstrate that the SSA-LGBM model predicts GS with high accuracy, exhibiting an RMSE of 4.775, a VAF of 0.930 and an R² of 0.931. These metrics collectively reflect the model’s excellent performance in prediction accuracy, ability to explain data variability, and control of prediction bias. The multi-objective optimization model is effective in optimizing two objectives, and the improvement can reach up to 39.38%; at the same time, the model has high scalability and can also be applied to three or more objectives. The intelligent optimization framework for shield construction parameters proposed in this paper can generate the optimal parameter combinations for shield machine manipulation, and provide reference and guidance when there are conflicting optimization objectives.

对盾构机参数进行充分的控制，以保证盾构施工的安全和效率是一个困难而复杂的问题。为了解决这一问题，本文提出了一种结合可解释机器学习、智能优化算法和多目标优化与决策方法的混合智能优化框架。基于光梯度增强机（LGBM）拟合了输入参数与地面沉降（GS）之间的非线性关系，并基于SHapley加性解释分析了输入参数对GS的影响，进一步进行特征选择。随后，基于麻雀搜索算法（SSA）确定LGBM的超参数，以更好地拟合输入输出关系。在此基础上，采用非主导排序遗传算法II和理想解相似性排序优先技术，建立盾构机多目标智能优化模型，求解盾构机优化后的运行参数，以降低GS，提高钻进效率。结果表明，SSA-LGBM模型预测GS具有较高的精度，RMSE为4.775，VAF为0.930，R2为0.931。这些指标共同反映了模型在预测精度、解释数据变异性的能力和预测偏差控制方面的出色表现。多目标优化模型对两个目标均有效，改进幅度可达39.38%；同时，该模型具有很高的可扩展性，也可以应用于三个或更多的目标。本文提出的盾构施工参数智能优化框架可以生成盾构机操作的最优参数组合，在优化目标冲突时提供参考和指导。

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引用次数: 0

High-precision segmentation and quantification of tunnel lining crack using an improved DeepLabV3+ 使用改进的 DeepLabV3+ 对隧道衬砌裂缝进行高精度分割和量化

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.10.002

Zhutian Pan , Xuepeng Zhang , Yujing Jiang , Bo Li , Naser Golsanami , Hang Su , Yue Cai

Current semantic segmentation models have limitations in addressing tunnel lining crack, such as high complexity, misidentification, or inability to detect tiny cracks in specific practical scenarios, which is crucial for precise assessment of tunnel lining health. We developed a novel approach called EDeepLab, aiming to achieve a higher precision detection and segmentation of lining surface crack. EDeepLab improves upon the original DeepLabV3+ framework by replacing its backbone network with an optimized lightweight EfficientNetV2. The amount of EfficientNetV2 block computation is reduced and a self-designed shallow feature fusion module is used to merge the layers to enhance parameter utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the normalization-based attention module and convolutional block attention module attention mechanisms are integrated to classify and process both high and low dimensional information features. This allows for comprehensive utilization of global semantic information and channel information, thereby enhancing the model’s feature extraction capability. Results in constructed metro-tunnel crack dataset demonstrate that the number of parameters is reduced from 144.45 M in the DeepLabV3+ to 99.80 M in the EDeepLab. EDeepLab achieves a mean intersection over union of 84.77%, mean pixel accuracy of 94.96%, and frames per second of 18.52 f/s. The proposed EDeepLab outperforms other models including U-Net, ResNet and fully convolutional networks in the quantitative analysis of tiny cracks and noise interference.

目前的语义分割模型在处理隧道衬砌裂缝方面存在一定的局限性，如复杂性高、识别错误或无法在特定的实际场景中检测到微小裂缝，而这对于隧道衬砌健康状况的精确评估至关重要。我们开发了一种新的方法EDeepLab，旨在实现更高精度的衬砌表面裂纹检测和分割。EDeepLab改进了原来的DeepLabV3+框架，用优化的轻量级effentnetv2取代了骨干网络。减少了EfficientNetV2块计算量，并采用自行设计的浅层特征融合模块进行层间融合，提高了参数利用效率。在此基础上，结合基于归一化的注意模块和卷积块注意模块的注意机制，对高维和低维信息特征进行分类和处理。这样可以综合利用全局语义信息和通道信息，从而增强模型的特征提取能力。结果表明，DeepLabV3+中的参数个数从144.45 M减少到99.80 M。EDeepLab实现了84.77%的平均交联，94.96%的平均像素精度，每秒帧数18.52 f/s。提出的EDeepLab在微小裂纹和噪声干扰的定量分析方面优于U-Net、ResNet和全卷积网络等其他模型。

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引用次数: 0

Model test on the effects of shield machine cutterhead vibration on tunnel face stability in sandy ground 砂质地层中盾构机刀盘振动对隧道工作面稳定性影响的模型试验

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.04.009

Meng-Bo Liu , Jun-Hua Xiao , Shao-Ming Liao , Zhi-Yong Liu , Jun-Zuo He , Yan-Qing Men , Jia-Cheng Sun

Face stability is one of the essential problems in shield tunneling. When tunneling in cobble stratum or mixed face ground conditions, significant cutting-induced cutterhead vibration would occur and affect the face stability. To reveal the mechanism and effect of vibration on the tunnel face stability, a transparent tunnel model with a movable vibration exciter was designed and a series of model tests were performed under different vibration magnitudes A_a and frequencies f. Meanwhile, particle image velocimetry was used to reveal the displacement field and the failure pattern of the tunnel face. The test results indicate that the cutting-induced vibration produces a significant reduction effect on the tunnel face stability, as expressed by the increase of the face support pressure and the failure zone when the vibration magnitude and frequency increase. Compared with the static unloading conditions, the width of the failure wedge L_wt increased by about 5.75% and 35.66% for the loose and dense sand, respectively, under dynamic unloading conditions (A_a = 0.2g, f = 10 Hz). The limit support pressure increased up to about 0.20γD at a vibration of 0.3g and 50 Hz, much larger than those of static conditions, which were about 0.08γD–0.09γD. An observable self-stabilizing arch can be formed in dense sand under static unloading conditions, while under dynamic unloading conditions, the long-time stable soil arch would not occur. The contributions of this paper could provide an insightful understanding of the effects of cutterhead vibration on tunnel face stability.

工作面稳定性是盾构施工的关键问题之一。在砾石地层或混合工作面地层条件下掘进时，会产生明显的切割诱发刀盘振动，影响工作面稳定性。为了揭示振动对巷道工作面稳定性的影响机理和作用机理，设计了带有可动激振器的透明隧道模型，并在不同振动量级Aa和频率f下进行了一系列模型试验，同时利用粒子成像测速技术揭示了巷道工作面位移场和破坏形态。试验结果表明，切割振动对巷道工作面稳定性有显著的降低作用，表现为随着振动幅度和频率的增加，工作面支护压力和破坏区域增大。动态卸载条件（Aa = 0.2g, f = 10 Hz）下，与静态卸载条件相比，松散砂和致密砂的破坏楔宽度Lwt分别增大了约5.75%和35.66%。在0.3g、50 Hz振动条件下，极限支撑压力增大至0.20γD左右，远高于静态条件下的0.08γ d ~ 0.09γ d左右。在静卸载条件下，密实砂土中可形成明显的自稳定拱，而在动卸载条件下，不会形成长期稳定的土拱。本文的研究成果有助于深入理解刀盘振动对巷道工作面稳定性的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning and FEM-driven analysis and optimization of deep foundation pits in coastal area: A case study in Fuzhou soft ground 沿海地区深基坑机器学习与有限元驱动分析与优化——以福州软土地基为例

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.001

Shuhong Wang , Bowen Han , Jianhui Jiang , Natalia Telyatnikova

To comply with the requirements of sustainable energy development, China has proposed the strategic goal of achieving dual carbon. Systematic and scientific development and utilization of urban underground space will provide critical support for reducing carbon emissions and enhancing carbon sink capacity. This paper examines the transmission and distribution ring pit project of Fuzhou Binhai New City, China, divided into four regions, where the selection of the support system is determined by the project’s characteristics. Stability is analyzed using in-situ monitoring data from the R4 area, and the deformation of the support system is predicted using machine learning. The predicted maximum lateral deformation of the support system may reach the warning value, necessitating corrections to the existing support parameters. On this basis, the deformation during foundation pit excavation is simulated, and the effects of key factors such as pile geometric parameters, pile penetration depth, and anchor cable insertion ratio on the deformation are analyzed. The study shows that pile deformation control is optimal when the support parameters include a 1.3 insertion ratio, a 20° anchor cable angle, and a 200 kN prestressing force, enabling the construction of the remaining three areas. This study can serve as a valuable reference for the design and analysis of deep foundation pits under special stratigraphic conditions in coastal areas.

为适应能源可持续发展的要求，中国提出了实现双碳的战略目标。系统、科学地开发利用城市地下空间，将为减少碳排放、增强碳汇能力提供重要支撑。本文以福州滨海新城输配电环坑工程为研究对象，将其划分为四个区域，根据项目特点确定了支撑系统的选择。利用R4区域的现场监测数据分析了支护系统的稳定性，并利用机器学习预测了支护系统的变形。预测支护系统的最大侧向变形可能达到警戒值，需要对现有支护参数进行修正。在此基础上，对基坑开挖过程中的变形进行了模拟，分析了桩几何参数、桩侵深、锚索插入比等关键因素对变形的影响。研究表明，当支护参数为1.3插入比、20°锚索角、200 kN预应力时，桩身变形控制最优，其余三个区域均可施工。本研究可为沿海地区特殊地层条件下的深基坑设计与分析提供有价值的参考。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study on the modulus of soil reaction for plastic pipes buried in lightweight cellular concrete backfill 轻量泡沫混凝土回填体埋置塑料管土反力模量试验研究

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.003

Yu-qiu Ye , Jie Han , Brad Dolton , Md Wasif Zaman , Robert L. Parsons

The modulus of soil reaction, representing the stiffness of a soil surrounding pipes, is a critical parameter in the design of buried flexible pipes. This study conducted plate loading tests on corrugated polyvinyl chloride, smooth polyvinyl chloride, and high-density polyethylene pipes buried in lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) backfills at densities of 400, 475, 550, and 650 kg/m³ to investigate the pipe deformation behavior and moduli of soil reaction. In addition, this study examined the effects of the narrow trench condition on the pipe deformation and modulus of soil reaction. In these tests, the vertical and horizontal diameter changes of pipes under the vertical pressures applied through a hydraulic jack were measured. Test results reveal that the average moduli of soil reaction of plastic pipes within a wide trench backfilled by the LCCs at densities of 400, 475, 550, and 650 kg/m³ were back-calculated as 66, 99, 133, and 205 MPa, respectively, using the modified Iowa formula. Furthermore, the back-calculated moduli of soil reaction for LCCs exhibited linear relationships with their densities and unconfined compressive strengths and were higher than the recommended values for the commonly used soil backfills. Based on the vertical deformation criterion of 5% pipe diameter, the ultimate bearing capacities of flexible pipes buried in wide LCCs at densities of 475, 550, and 650 kg/m³ exceeded 500 kPa. The LCC with a narrow trench exhibited a lower modulus of soil reaction and ultimate bearing capacity but a larger pipe diameter change.

土反力模量代表管道周围土体的刚度，是埋地柔性管道设计中的关键参数。本研究对轻质泡沫混凝土（LCC）充填体中埋置密度为400、475、550和650 kg/m3的波纹聚氯乙烯、光滑聚氯乙烯和高密度聚乙烯管材进行板载试验，研究管材的变形行为和土体反应模量。此外，研究了窄沟条件对管道变形和土体反力模量的影响。在这些试验中，测量了通过液压千斤顶施加垂直压力下管道的垂直和水平直径变化。试验结果表明，采用修正的爱荷华公式，在密度为400、475、550和650 kg/m3的宽沟槽内回填塑料管道的平均土反力模量分别为66、99、133和205 MPa。此外，lcc的反算模量与其密度和无侧限抗压强度呈线性关系，且高于常用土填体的推荐值。根据5%管径竖向变形准则，在475、550和650 kg/m3密度下，宽幅lcc中埋管的极限承载力均超过500 kPa。窄沟槽结构的土反力模量和极限承载力较低，但管径变化较大。

{"title":"Experimental study on the modulus of soil reaction for plastic pipes buried in lightweight cellular concrete backfill","authors":"Yu-qiu Ye , Jie Han , Brad Dolton , Md Wasif Zaman , Robert L. Parsons","doi":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.undsp.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modulus of soil reaction, representing the stiffness of a soil surrounding pipes, is a critical parameter in the design of buried flexible pipes. This study conducted plate loading tests on corrugated polyvinyl chloride, smooth polyvinyl chloride, and high-density polyethylene pipes buried in lightweight cellular concrete (LCC) backfills at densities of 400, 475, 550, and 650 kg/m<sup>3</sup> to investigate the pipe deformation behavior and moduli of soil reaction. In addition, this study examined the effects of the narrow trench condition on the pipe deformation and modulus of soil reaction. In these tests, the vertical and horizontal diameter changes of pipes under the vertical pressures applied through a hydraulic jack were measured. Test results reveal that the average moduli of soil reaction of plastic pipes within a wide trench backfilled by the LCCs at densities of 400, 475, 550, and 650 kg/m<sup>3</sup> were back-calculated as 66, 99, 133, and 205 MPa, respectively, using the modified Iowa formula. Furthermore, the back-calculated moduli of soil reaction for LCCs exhibited linear relationships with their densities and unconfined compressive strengths and were higher than the recommended values for the commonly used soil backfills. Based on the vertical deformation criterion of 5% pipe diameter, the ultimate bearing capacities of flexible pipes buried in wide LCCs at densities of 475, 550, and 650 kg/m<sup>3</sup> exceeded 500 kPa. The LCC with a narrow trench exhibited a lower modulus of soil reaction and ultimate bearing capacity but a larger pipe diameter change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48505,"journal":{"name":"Underground Space","volume":"22 ","pages":"Pages 153-167"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental study on effect of pavement background on obstacle visibility in LED lighting environment of road tunnel 道路隧道LED照明环境下路面背景对障碍物可见度影响的实验研究

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.05.005

Shouzhong Feng , Deyuan Kan , Long Zhou , Xianling Liu , Cunyu Du , Weixing Mao

The tunnel pavement is generally made of asphalt or concrete. Due to the relatively fixed material of pavement, the effect of tunnel pavement setting on the lighting environment and visual performance of drivers has not received sufficient attention, especially the impact on the visual performance of drivers during driving has not been revealed. Therefore, experimental research on the visual recognition performance of an obstacle on asphalt and concrete pavements inside tunnels during dynamic driving was conducted in this study. The results indicate that under the same pavement illumination, the luminance on concrete pavement is higher than that on asphalt pavement due to the higher reflectance of concrete. The visible distance of the human eyes for a gray obstacle with a reflectance of 0.2 on the concrete pavement is greater than that on the asphalt pavement, and the visible distance of the obstacle on the concrete pavement increases by more than 28%. When the color of the obstacle and the pavement are close, it can be challenging for observers to recognize the obstacle, and the pavement and obstacle need to have a higher level of luminance for the recognition. During dynamic driving, the visible distance at a speed of 60 km/h is 1.2 to 1.4 times that at a speed of 80 km/h, which means the influence of vehicle speed on the human eye’s recognition of obstacles on asphalt and concrete pavements should be taken into consideration in the design of road tunnel lighting. The correlated color temperature and S/P value of LED light have little impact on the visible distance of human eyes to the obstacle on the asphalt and concrete pavements, but it does create different visual perceptions. As the correlated color temperature and S/P value increase, the lighting environment of the tunnel gradually gives a brighter feeling to drivers.

隧道路面一般由沥青或混凝土构成。由于路面材料相对固定，隧道路面设置对驾驶员的照明环境和视觉表现的影响没有得到足够的重视，特别是对驾驶员在驾驶过程中视觉表现的影响还没有被揭示出来。因此，本研究对隧道内沥青和混凝土路面上障碍物的动态行驶视觉识别性能进行了实验研究。结果表明，在相同的路面照度下，由于混凝土的反射率更高，混凝土路面的照度要高于沥青路面。人眼对混凝土路面上反射率为0.2的灰色障碍物的可见距离大于沥青路面上的可见距离，混凝土路面上障碍物的可见距离增加了28%以上。当障碍物和路面的颜色接近时，观察者很难识别障碍物，路面和障碍物需要更高的亮度才能识别。在动态行驶过程中，车速为60 km/h时的可见距离是车速为80 km/h时的1.2 ~ 1.4倍，这意味着在道路隧道照明设计中应考虑车速对人眼对沥青和混凝土路面障碍物识别的影响。LED光的相关色温和S/P值对人眼对沥青和混凝土路面上障碍物的可见距离影响不大，但确实会产生不同的视觉感受。随着相关色温和S/P值的增加，隧道照明环境逐渐给驾驶员带来更明亮的感觉。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of reinforced ring base depth for vertical shaft sinking in soft soil using VSM method 基于VSM法的软土地基立井加固环基深度优化

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.005

Dhyaa A.H. Abualghethe , Baogang Mu , Guoliang Dai , Sijin Liu , Zhongwei Li , Songyu Liu , Lei Han

Constructing vertical shafts in densely populated urban areas with complex geological conditions poses significant challenges, necessitating innovative construction techniques and design optimization. This study investigates the deformation behavior of a 42.5 m deep shaft excavated using the vertical shaft sinking machine (VSM) method in Shanghai’s soft soil conditions comprising deep cohesive soil layers. Comprehensive numerical analysis simulated the VSM construction process, analysing deformations within the shaft structure, surrounding soil, and adjacent buildings while evaluating the influence of varying reinforced ring base depths. Results reveal a significant 30% reduction in the maximum lateral shaft deformation, from 28 to 20 mm, by increasing the reinforced ring base depth to an optimal 16 m, enhancing lateral stability. Vertical deformations exhibited complex settlement and uplift mechanisms in segmental rings and piles, influenced by factors like excavation stages, pile installation, water pressures, and adjacent loads. The optimal 16 m depth effectively mitigated uplift, and optimized load distribution, limiting the maximum settlement to 12 mm while minimizing dewatering-induced uplift effects. Analysis indicated reduced lateral movements and settlements in surrounding buildings with increasing distance from excavation, highlighting VSM’s potential for minimizing impacts on neighboring structures. This study emphasizes VSM’s suitability for shaft projects in geologically complex areas, providing insights for design, mitigating environmental impacts, and enhancing deep excavation safety and efficiency in soft soils. The findings contribute to optimizing vertical shaft construction, ensuring successful underground infrastructure execution in challenging conditions. Identifying the optimal reinforced ring base depth promotes sustainable urban development by minimizing disturbances. This research advances innovative methods and strategies for complex underground projects.

在人口密集、地质条件复杂的城市地区建设竖井，面临着巨大的挑战，需要创新施工技术和优化设计。本文研究了上海软土条件下，采用立井掘进机（VSM）法开挖的42.5 m深竖井的变形特性。综合数值分析模拟了VSM施工过程，分析了竖井结构内部、周围土体和邻近建筑物的变形情况，同时评价了不同加筋环底深度对施工的影响。结果显示，通过将加固环底部深度增加到最佳的16米，增强横向稳定性，最大横向轴变形显著减少30%，从28毫米减少到20毫米。受开挖阶段、桩身安装、水压和邻近荷载等因素的影响，环段和桩段的竖向变形表现出复杂的沉降和隆升机制。最佳深度为16 m，有效地缓解了隆升，优化了荷载分布，将最大沉降限制在12 mm，同时最大限度地减少了脱水引起的隆升效应。分析表明，随着挖掘距离的增加，周围建筑物的横向移动和沉降减少，突出了VSM对邻近建筑物影响最小化的潜力。本研究强调了VSM在地质复杂地区竖井工程中的适用性，为设计、减轻环境影响以及提高软土中深挖的安全性和效率提供了见解。研究结果有助于优化竖井施工，确保在具有挑战性的条件下成功实施地下基础设施。确定最佳加固环基底深度，通过减少干扰促进城市可持续发展。本研究为复杂地下工程提供了创新的方法和策略。

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引用次数: 0

Bleed-off control on post-injection seismicity in enhanced geothermal systems 增强型地热系统注入后地震活动性的溢流控制

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.08.009

Iman R. Kivi , Victor Vilarrasa , Kwang-Il Kim , Hwajung Yoo , Ki-Bok Min

Deep geothermal reservoirs could provide widespread access to clean and renewable energy around the world. However, hydraulic stimulation of these reservoirs to create sufficient injectivity and heat extraction has frequently induced earthquakes during and, in particular, after reservoir stimulation, which raises public concerns. This study aims to provide a possible explanation for post-injection seismicity and understand how it responds to well bleed-off as a common industrial practice to control such seismic activity. To this end, we perform coupled hydromechanical simulations of reservoir stimulation in a conceptual model comprising a deep granitic reservoir intersected by a network of long fractures and a nearby, critically-stressed fault. We find a combination of mechanisms triggering post-injection seismicity with time delays of several months after stopping injection: (1) poroelastic stressing that transmits normal and shear stress and causes undrained pressure buildup on the fault, (2) fracture-dominated pore pressure migration toward the fault, and (3) long-lasting along-the-fault pressure diffusion toward pre-stressed fault patches, promoted by dilation-induced fault permeability changes. In this setting, bleed-off causes rapid pressure decline in the near-wellbore region but marginal pressure changes farther away. The resulting attenuations of pore pressure and shear stress on the fault plane may not be enough to prevent fault reactivation. Bleed-off may counterintuitively accelerate fault slip by rapid relaxation of normal stress on the fault, which not only brings the stress state closer to failure conditions, but also accelerates pore pressure diffusion along the fault by slightly increasing its permeability. We show that bleed-off can effectively control post-injection seismicity only if rupture initiates from a structure in close proximity and with sufficient hydraulic connection to the wellbore. Future research should be directed toward the optimization of stimulation and post-stimulation design in light of the involved triggering mechanisms and through effective combination with subsurface characterization to control post-injection seismicity.

深层地热储层可以为世界各地提供广泛的清洁和可再生能源。然而，为了创造足够的注入能力和提取热量，对这些储层进行水力压裂常常会在储层压裂期间和之后引发地震，这引起了公众的关注。本研究旨在为注入后地震活动提供一种可能的解释，并了解作为控制此类地震活动的常见工业实践，它是如何响应井漏的。为此，我们在一个概念模型中对储层增产进行了耦合流体力学模拟，该模型包括一个由长裂缝网络和附近的临界应力断层相交的深部花岗岩储层。我们发现，在停止注入后几个月，触发注入后地震活动性的机制有以下几种：(1)孔隙弹性应力传递正应力和剪应力，导致断层上不排水的压力积聚；(2)裂缝主导的孔隙压力向断层迁移；(3)膨胀引起的断层渗透率变化促进了沿断层向预应力断层斑块的长期压力扩散。在这种情况下，漏失会导致近井区域的压力迅速下降，但在更远的地方，边际压力会发生变化。由此产生的断层面孔隙压力和剪应力的衰减可能不足以防止断层再激活。漏液可能会通过断层上的正应力快速松弛而加速断层滑动，这不仅使应力状态更接近于破坏条件，而且还会通过略微增加断层的渗透率来加速孔隙压力沿断层的扩散。研究表明，只有当破裂发生在靠近井筒且与井筒有充分水力连接的结构中时，泄油才能有效控制注入后的地震活动性。未来的研究方向应是根据所涉及的触发机制，通过与地下表征的有效结合，优化增产和增产后设计，控制注后地震活动性。

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引用次数: 0

Reliable prediction for TBM energy consumption during tunnel excavation: A novel technique balancing explainability and performance 隧道掘进机能耗可靠预测：一种平衡可解释性与性能的新技术

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.09.004

Wenli Liu, Yafei Qi, Fenghua Liu

Recently, AI-based models have been applied to accurately estimate tunnel boring machine (TBM) energy consumption. Although data-driven models exhibit strong predictive capabilities, their outputs derived from “black box” processes are challenging to interpret and generalize. Consequently, this study develops an XGB_MOFS model that cooperates extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and multi-objective feature selection (MOFS) to improve the accuracy and explainability of energy consumption prediction. The XGB_MOFS model includes: (1) a causal inference framework to identify the causal relationships among influential factors, and (2) a MOFS approach to balance predictive performance and explainability. Two case studies are carried out to verify the proposed method. Results show that XGB_MOFS achieves a high degree of accuracy and robustness in energy consumption prediction. The XGB_MOFS model, balancing accuracy with explainability, serves as an effective and feasible tool for regulating TBM energy consumption.

近年来，基于人工智能的模型被应用于隧道掘进机能耗的准确估算。尽管数据驱动模型显示出强大的预测能力，但它们从“黑箱”过程中得到的输出在解释和推广方面具有挑战性。为此，本研究提出了一种结合极端梯度增强（XGBoost）和多目标特征选择（MOFS）的XGB_MOFS模型，以提高能耗预测的准确性和可解释性。XGB_MOFS模型包括：(1)一个因果推理框架，用于识别影响因素之间的因果关系；(2)一个MOFS方法，用于平衡预测性能和可解释性。通过两个案例研究验证了所提出的方法。结果表明，XGB_MOFS在能源消耗预测中具有较高的准确性和鲁棒性。XGB_MOFS模型兼顾了精度和可解释性，是调节TBM能耗的有效可行工具。

引用次数: 0

Field monitoring and instrumentation in microtunnelling/pipe jacking: A review and future directions 微隧道/顶管的现场监测与仪器：综述与未来发展方向

IF 8.2 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CIVIL

Underground Space

Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.undsp.2024.12.003

Asad Wadood , Bryan A. McCabe , Brian B. Sheil

The popularity of trenchless techniques as a means of utility pipeline installation in urban environments, specifically microtunnelling/pipe-jacking, has increased in recent years due to its minimally-disruptive nature and reduced carbon footprint in comparison to conventional open-cut excavation methods. The response of pipes during the jacking process is complex and is governed by several factors, including ground conditions, the amount and distribution of lubrication, pipe and annulus size, pipeline misalignments and jacking force eccentricity, among others. Design practice remains based on empirical equations and previous drives through similar geology, resulting in uncertainty in jacking force estimates, thereby restricting adoption of the technique. In order to improve our understanding of the pipe-jacking process, pipes incorporating sensors providing real-time measurements of earth pressures, pore water pressures, axial strains and hoop strains can be used; but the number of such studies reported in the literature is small and the potential of instrumentation on routine projects is largely untapped. Moreover, jacking pipe monitoring practice lags behind the state-of-the-art instrumentation techniques used for monitoring other geotechnical infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to provide a thorough review of learnings from instrumented pipe-jacking case studies and other supporting research, as well as to propose potential solutions to research gaps in the current state of design practice and field monitoring of pipe jacking projects.

非开挖技术作为城市环境中公用管道安装的一种手段，特别是微隧道/顶管，近年来越来越受欢迎，因为与传统的露天开挖方法相比，它具有最小的破坏性和更少的碳足迹。顶进过程中管道的响应是复杂的，受多种因素的影响，包括地面条件、润滑量和分布、管道和环空尺寸、管道错位和顶进力偏心等。设计实践仍然基于经验方程和以前在类似地质条件下的驱动，导致顶升力估计的不确定性，从而限制了该技术的采用。为了提高我们对顶管过程的理解，可以使用带有传感器的管道，这些传感器可以实时测量土压力、孔隙水压力、轴向应变和环向应变；但在文献中报道的此类研究数量很少，仪器在常规项目中的潜力在很大程度上尚未开发。此外，顶管监测实践落后于用于监测其他岩土基础设施的最先进的仪器技术。本文的目的是全面回顾从仪器顶管案例研究和其他支持性研究中获得的经验教训，并提出潜在的解决方案，以弥补目前设计实践和顶管项目现场监测中的研究空白。

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