Pub Date : 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.010
Pau Vial, Roger Pi, Narcís Palomeras, Marc Carreras
By fusing a MultiBeam EchoSounder (MBES) with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) we present MINS: a graph-based, tightly coupled, and featureless MBES-Inertial Navigation System that enables accurate and real-time robot trajectory estimation, map building, and sensor bias estimation. MINS formulates an MBES-Inertial odometry problem for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) using a factor graph. The relative displacement estimated from the joint IMU and DVL preintegration is used to chain keyframes and to build 3D scans from a Mechanical Scanning MBES. This sensor allows the AUV to be immersed within the inspected scene to build a 3D point cloud map — which we call 3D bathymetry — compared to conventional systems that use an AUV navigating above the inspected area to collect a 2.5D bathymetry. The obtained scans are aligned to set sonar odometry or loop closure factors, by applying a probabilistic registration algorithm that uses Gaussian Mixture Models to represent the scans and quantify the alignment uncertainty. A rigorous on-manifold formulation is provided, which properly models the AUV state uncertainty in a compact Lie group. This system is evaluated in a field experiment demonstrating its ability to produce an accurate and consistent 3D bathymetry of a shipwreck.
{"title":"MINS: Tightly coupled MultiBeam EchoSounder Inertial Navigation System for 3D bathymetric underwater inspection","authors":"Pau Vial, Roger Pi, Narcís Palomeras, Marc Carreras","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By fusing a MultiBeam EchoSounder (MBES) with an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) we present MINS: a graph-based, tightly coupled, and featureless MBES-Inertial Navigation System that enables accurate and real-time robot trajectory estimation, map building, and sensor bias estimation. MINS formulates an MBES-Inertial odometry problem for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) using a factor graph. The relative displacement estimated from the joint IMU and DVL preintegration is used to chain keyframes and to build 3D scans from a Mechanical Scanning MBES. This sensor allows the AUV to be immersed within the inspected scene to build a 3D point cloud map — which we call 3D bathymetry — compared to conventional systems that use an AUV navigating above the inspected area to collect a 2.5D bathymetry. The obtained scans are aligned to set sonar odometry or loop closure factors, by applying a probabilistic registration algorithm that uses Gaussian Mixture Models to represent the scans and quantify the alignment uncertainty. A rigorous on-manifold formulation is provided, which properly models the AUV state uncertainty in a compact Lie group. This system is evaluated in a field experiment demonstrating its ability to produce an accurate and consistent 3D bathymetry of a shipwreck.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1172-1191"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.09.001
Ehsan Taati
Within the framework of an equivalent single-layer beam theory incorporating moderately large deformations at contact surface, a nonlinear hydroelastic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is developed to investigate the buckling and postbuckling behavior of foam sandwich beams in viscous flow. The sandwich beam is assumed to consist of two orthotropic face sheets and a metal foam core, with a symmetric porosity distribution along the thickness direction. For the first time, the nonlinear pressure distribution of incompressible viscous flow along the beam length is derived based on the exponential variation of velocity components through the thickness, the nonlinear impermeability condition, the continuity equation, and the Navier–Stokes equation. Then, Timoshenko beam equations with von Kármán’s geometric nonlinearity are solved via the Galerkin method, to present the closed-form expressions of static equilibrium paths (in both prebuckling and postbuckling regimes), buckling compressive load , and critical upstream speed . The numerical results indicate that the critical values are highly sensitive to the decay rate, therefore its accurate determination is crucial for understanding the effect of viscous flow on the mechanical behavior of foam sandwich beams. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the linear hydroelastic FSI model by neglecting the geometric nonlinearities is inadequate for predicting the buckling behavior.
{"title":"Nonlinear hydroelastic FSI model for stability analysis of foam sandwich beams under viscous water flow","authors":"Ehsan Taati","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Within the framework of an equivalent single-layer beam theory incorporating moderately large deformations at contact surface, a nonlinear hydroelastic fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is developed to investigate the buckling and postbuckling behavior of foam sandwich beams in viscous flow. The sandwich beam is assumed to consist of two orthotropic face sheets and a metal foam core, with a symmetric porosity distribution along the thickness direction. For the first time, the nonlinear pressure distribution of incompressible viscous flow along the beam length is derived based on the exponential variation of velocity components through the thickness, the nonlinear impermeability condition, the continuity equation, and the Navier–Stokes equation. Then, Timoshenko beam equations with von Kármán’s geometric nonlinearity are solved via the Galerkin method, to present the closed-form expressions of static equilibrium paths (in both prebuckling and postbuckling regimes), buckling compressive load <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, and critical upstream speed <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>∞</mi><mo>,</mo><mspace></mspace><mi>c</mi><mi>r</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>. The numerical results indicate that the critical values are highly sensitive to the decay rate, therefore its accurate determination is crucial for understanding the effect of viscous flow on the mechanical behavior of foam sandwich beams. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the linear hydroelastic FSI model by neglecting the geometric nonlinearities is inadequate for predicting the buckling behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1219-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.011
Lian-chao Wang , Baihua Yuan , Lu-Wen Zhang
Marine biofouling, i.e., the attachment of biomaterial on the surfaces of submerged objects, has long been a serious hazard to marine economies and ecosystems. Environmentally friendly degradable antifouling coatings developed in the last decade or so can efficiently replace traditional toxic antifouling coatings based on the following advantages: full degradability, non-discriminatory resistance to fouling, low addition of antifouling agents, and high compatibility with other antifouling mechanisms. However, current research and few available reviews neglect the degradation reaction kinetics mechanisms, resulting in the development of degradable coatings remaining in an inefficient trial-and-error stage. Here, we take a different approach, starting from degradation kinetics theoretical models and combining advances in microscopic simulation and computational research to reveal the degradation and antifouling mechanisms of highly efficient degradable polymers. From the novel perspective of layer-by-layer molecular structure design, we comprehensively analyze the optimization pathways for ester units, molecular chains, and network structures during the evolution of degradable polymers from main-chain degradation types to hyperbranched degradation types. We also summarize the achievements and future challenges of multi-functional composite coatings that synergize with multiple antifouling mechanisms to address the demands of complex marine environments. This review provides the theoretical basis and optimization criteria for the future development of degradable antifouling coatings and indicates that advanced computational models and theories are likely to further accelerate the design of antifouling polymers.
{"title":"Research progress of environmentally friendly degradable marine antifouling coatings","authors":"Lian-chao Wang , Baihua Yuan , Lu-Wen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine biofouling, i.e., the attachment of biomaterial on the surfaces of submerged objects, has long been a serious hazard to marine economies and ecosystems. Environmentally friendly degradable antifouling coatings developed in the last decade or so can efficiently replace traditional toxic antifouling coatings based on the following advantages: full degradability, non-discriminatory resistance to fouling, low addition of antifouling agents, and high compatibility with other antifouling mechanisms. However, current research and few available reviews neglect the degradation reaction kinetics mechanisms, resulting in the development of degradable coatings remaining in an inefficient trial-and-error stage. Here, we take a different approach, starting from degradation kinetics theoretical models and combining advances in microscopic simulation and computational research to reveal the degradation and antifouling mechanisms of highly efficient degradable polymers. From the novel perspective of layer-by-layer molecular structure design, we comprehensively analyze the optimization pathways for ester units, molecular chains, and network structures during the evolution of degradable polymers from main-chain degradation types to hyperbranched degradation types. We also summarize the achievements and future challenges of multi-functional composite coatings that synergize with multiple antifouling mechanisms to address the demands of complex marine environments. This review provides the theoretical basis and optimization criteria for the future development of degradable antifouling coatings and indicates that advanced computational models and theories are likely to further accelerate the design of antifouling polymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1192-1218"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-28DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.009
Xueliang Wen, Muk Chen Ong
This study presents a conceptual design for a cost-effective submersible gravity-type fish cage with a single-point mooring design. The performance of the new design in reducing environmental loads under extreme sea conditions is demonstrated using an in-house numerical code package. The effectiveness of the submerging and surfacing operations of the fish cages is validated through numerical simulations. In the present code package, irregular wave modelling is employed to generate the wave elevations, velocities and accelerations, and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the fish cages and mooring system are calculated using the Morison model. A submersible model for the floating collar is developed to simulate the submerging and surfacing operations of the fish cages. The deformations of the fish cage system are calculated using a modified extended position based dynamics (XPBD) method combined with a mode superposition method. Results show that tension in the mooring system is significantly reduced when fish cages are submerged in the water layer with lower current speeds, and extending the buoy line to lower the conjunction point helps maintain fish cages in the desired water layer under extreme sea conditions. Flooding the outer tubes of the floating collar allows the fish cages to smoothly submerge to the desired water depth. The surfacing designs based on the compressed air and the lifting operation of the bottom sinker can enable the cages to ascend to the water surface. The submerging and surface operations are proved to be completed within six minutes. The new design based on the lifting operation of the bottom sinker, is safer and more cost-effective than the design based on compressed air for the surfacing operation. The design of the submersible single-point mooring gravity-type fish cage is thereby validated through the present numerical methods, offering valuable insights for future aquaculture design and implementation.
{"title":"Dynamic analysis of submersible gravity-type fish cages with single-point mooring design","authors":"Xueliang Wen, Muk Chen Ong","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a conceptual design for a cost-effective submersible gravity-type fish cage with a single-point mooring design. The performance of the new design in reducing environmental loads under extreme sea conditions is demonstrated using an in-house numerical code package. The effectiveness of the submerging and surfacing operations of the fish cages is validated through numerical simulations. In the present code package, irregular wave modelling is employed to generate the wave elevations, velocities and accelerations, and the hydrodynamic forces acting on the fish cages and mooring system are calculated using the Morison model. A submersible model for the floating collar is developed to simulate the submerging and surfacing operations of the fish cages. The deformations of the fish cage system are calculated using a modified extended position based dynamics (XPBD) method combined with a mode superposition method. Results show that tension in the mooring system is significantly reduced when fish cages are submerged in the water layer with lower current speeds, and extending the buoy line to lower the conjunction point helps maintain fish cages in the desired water layer under extreme sea conditions. Flooding the outer tubes of the floating collar allows the fish cages to smoothly submerge to the desired water depth. The surfacing designs based on the compressed air and the lifting operation of the bottom sinker can enable the cages to ascend to the water surface. The submerging and surface operations are proved to be completed within six minutes. The new design based on the lifting operation of the bottom sinker, is safer and more cost-effective than the design based on compressed air for the surfacing operation. The design of the submersible single-point mooring gravity-type fish cage is thereby validated through the present numerical methods, offering valuable insights for future aquaculture design and implementation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1155-1171"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-22DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.007
Ozan AKDAĞ
This study proposes a novel and structured model to accelerate the deployment of wave energy systems by integrating them with offshore wind technologies in a hybrid configuration. The model employs a multi-step methodology, comprising sub-location selection based on elimination criteria, site prioritization using a Multi-Criteria Stability Index (M-CSI), estimation of resource potential from meteorological data, technology matching, and hybrid system operation. A real-case validation is conducted in Turkey’s Black Sea region, identifying Kumköy as the most suitable site. The wave energy potential in Kumköy is estimated to be between 0.75 and 4.6875 kW/m, and the wind power potential reaches 1.102 MW. A 4 MW hybrid facility is designed to produce 12,193.506 MWh annually. The techno-economic analysis identifies three representative LCoE values for the hybrid system: 168.51, 231.5824, and 277.295 EUR/MWh, reflecting variations in system performance and economic parameters. Environmental impact is also assessed: if fossil fuels were used instead, the social cost of carbon emissions would be approximately $418,237.26 for natural gas and $699,977.28 for coal. By offering a holistic roadmap for site selection, technology integration, and economic evaluation, this model aims to overcome key barriers in wave and ocean energy development and support global renewable energy targets.
{"title":"Innovative comprehensive model and future strategies for the installation of wave power plants: A case study in the black sea, Turkey","authors":"Ozan AKDAĞ","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel and structured model to accelerate the deployment of wave energy systems by integrating them with offshore wind technologies in a hybrid configuration. The model employs a multi-step methodology, comprising sub-location selection based on elimination criteria, site prioritization using a Multi-Criteria Stability Index (M-CSI), estimation of resource potential from meteorological data, technology matching, and hybrid system operation. A real-case validation is conducted in Turkey’s Black Sea region, identifying Kumköy as the most suitable site. The wave energy potential in Kumköy is estimated to be between 0.75 and 4.6875 kW/m, and the wind power potential reaches 1.102 MW. A 4 MW hybrid facility is designed to produce 12,193.506 MWh annually. The techno-economic analysis identifies three representative LCoE values for the hybrid system: 168.51, 231.5824, and 277.295 EUR/MWh, reflecting variations in system performance and economic parameters. Environmental impact is also assessed: if fossil fuels were used instead, the social cost of carbon emissions would be approximately $418,237.26 for natural gas and $699,977.28 for coal. By offering a holistic roadmap for site selection, technology integration, and economic evaluation, this model aims to overcome key barriers in wave and ocean energy development and support global renewable energy targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1119-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flexible pipes function effectively in practical applications only when they are securely connected to specific components using specially designed end fittings. These end fittings must be precisely manufactured to ensure a tight connection, preventing any potential leakage. Otherwise, even perfectly manufactured flexible pipes will fail to perform their intended function. Although extensive research exists on the mechanical analysis of flexible pipes, studies on pipes connected to end fittings are scarce. The primary challenge in investigating this combined structure lies in the complex interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings after assembly, in addition to the already intricate structural behavior of flexible pipes. This paper presents both experimental and numerical analyses. Experimentally, we conducted comprehensive torsion tests on steel strip reinforced flexible pipes connected to commonly used end fittings, observing various torsional failure modes. On the numerical side, we developed a method to model the interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings. The proposed approach enables the prediction of torsional failure modes in practical applications and lays the groundwork for further failure analysis under different loading conditions and for various end fitting designs.
{"title":"Torsional failure analysis of steel strip reinforced flexible pipes connected with end fittings","authors":"Yuteng Zhang, Pan Fang, Mohsen Saneian, Wenshu Liu, Yong Bai, Liang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible pipes function effectively in practical applications only when they are securely connected to specific components using specially designed end fittings. These end fittings must be precisely manufactured to ensure a tight connection, preventing any potential leakage. Otherwise, even perfectly manufactured flexible pipes will fail to perform their intended function. Although extensive research exists on the mechanical analysis of flexible pipes, studies on pipes connected to end fittings are scarce. The primary challenge in investigating this combined structure lies in the complex interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings after assembly, in addition to the already intricate structural behavior of flexible pipes. This paper presents both experimental and numerical analyses. Experimentally, we conducted comprehensive torsion tests on steel strip reinforced flexible pipes connected to commonly used end fittings, observing various torsional failure modes. On the numerical side, we developed a method to model the interaction between flexible pipes and end fittings. The proposed approach enables the prediction of torsional failure modes in practical applications and lays the groundwork for further failure analysis under different loading conditions and for various end fitting designs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1086-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.006
Zhou Yang , Yuwang Xu , Liying Shi , Chaochao Zhu , Yichen Bao
Wave impact under extreme sea conditions poses significant risks to offshore structures, such as the pontoons of floating wind turbines. Monitoring the structures and inverting the impact loads are crucial for structural safety design. In this study, an indirect approach is proposed for the localization and reconstruction of waves impacting flat plates, curved plates and floating wind turbine pontoons. For impact load localization, the correlation dimension method and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method are employed. The correlation dimension method achieves accurate localization results only for flat plates, whereas the LSTM method shows good performance for all structures. For load time history reconstruction, the Tikhonov regularization method is applied. Reconstruction is achieved with very high accuracy. This work can provide guidelines for inverse estimation of environmental loads acting on offshore structures.
{"title":"Investigation of methods for the localization and reconstruction of the wave impact on a floating wind turbine pontoon","authors":"Zhou Yang , Yuwang Xu , Liying Shi , Chaochao Zhu , Yichen Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wave impact under extreme sea conditions poses significant risks to offshore structures, such as the pontoons of floating wind turbines. Monitoring the structures and inverting the impact loads are crucial for structural safety design. In this study, an indirect approach is proposed for the localization and reconstruction of waves impacting flat plates, curved plates and floating wind turbine pontoons. For impact load localization, the correlation dimension method and the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network method are employed. The correlation dimension method achieves accurate localization results only for flat plates, whereas the LSTM method shows good performance for all structures. For load time history reconstruction, the Tikhonov regularization method is applied. Reconstruction is achieved with very high accuracy. This work can provide guidelines for inverse estimation of environmental loads acting on offshore structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1103-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study compares qualitative risk analyses of compressed hydrogen gas (GH2) and liquid hydrogen (LH2) fuel gas supply systems (FGSSs) for eco-friendly marine vessels. Using hazard identification (HAZID) and hazard and operability (HAZOP) methodologies, the study systematically identifies and compares the unique risks and safety strategies for GH2 and LH2 FGSS. For GH2-FGSS, HAZID identifies 22 hazards, with one unacceptable risk related to potential explosions from high-pressure hydrogen accumulation due to ventilation failure. HAZOP identifies 27 hazards, all categorized as acceptable or ALARP. Recommended safety measures include pressure protection devices, real-time alarms, and enhanced piping durability. For LH2-FGSS, HAZID identifies 38 hazards without any unacceptable risks, though cryogenic icing and overpressure remain significant concerns. HAZOP reveals 43 hazards, with one unacceptable risk involving thermal contraction and piping damage from repeated operations, posing fire hazards. Suggested mitigations include improved cooling and purge gas procedures, along with rigorous insulation management. Primary differences in safety management focus on high explosion risk of GH2-FGSS from high-pressure storage and the piping damage risk of LH2-FGSS from icing and thermal contraction. To enhance risk management for each system, future research implements an operational simulation-based quantitative risk assessment. This study provides foundational safety strategies and guidelines for future vessels, supporting the adoption of eco-friendly fuels in the maritime industry.
{"title":"Comparative risk assessment of gaseous and liquid hydrogen fuel gas supply systems for hydrogen-fueled vessels","authors":"Jinyeong Jeong , Minsoo Choi , Hwalong You , Daejun Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study compares qualitative risk analyses of compressed hydrogen gas (GH<sub>2</sub>) and liquid hydrogen (LH<sub>2</sub>) fuel gas supply systems (FGSSs) for eco-friendly marine vessels. Using hazard identification (HAZID) and hazard and operability (HAZOP) methodologies, the study systematically identifies and compares the unique risks and safety strategies for GH<sub>2</sub> and LH<sub>2</sub> FGSS. For GH<sub>2</sub>-FGSS, HAZID identifies 22 hazards, with one unacceptable risk related to potential explosions from high-pressure hydrogen accumulation due to ventilation failure. HAZOP identifies 27 hazards, all categorized as acceptable or ALARP. Recommended safety measures include pressure protection devices, real-time alarms, and enhanced piping durability. For LH<sub>2</sub>-FGSS, HAZID identifies 38 hazards without any unacceptable risks, though cryogenic icing and overpressure remain significant concerns. HAZOP reveals 43 hazards, with one unacceptable risk involving thermal contraction and piping damage from repeated operations, posing fire hazards. Suggested mitigations include improved cooling and purge gas procedures, along with rigorous insulation management. Primary differences in safety management focus on high explosion risk of GH<sub>2</sub>-FGSS from high-pressure storage and the piping damage risk of LH<sub>2</sub>-FGSS from icing and thermal contraction. To enhance risk management for each system, future research implements an operational simulation-based quantitative risk assessment. This study provides foundational safety strategies and guidelines for future vessels, supporting the adoption of eco-friendly fuels in the maritime industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1070-1085"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.002
A Miccoli , A De Luca , M Marcelli , M Joseph , M Zangeneh , J Bricker , M Peviani , G Scapigliati
Hydropower plays a critical role in global renewable energy production, yet its environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems remain a concern. This study investigates the biological impacts of Shaft-Driven Variable-Speed Contra-Rotating Propeller Reversible Pump Turbines (SDCRRPTs) on fish populations, using Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and European eel (anguilla) as experimental models. These species present critical ecological and conservation traits, making them ideal models for assessing hydropower-induced stressors such as rapid decompression, shear, collision, and turbulence. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and the Biological Performance Assessment (BioPA) tool, two SDCRRPT prototypes were evaluated under varying operating conditions. Results indicate that rapid decompression posed minimal risks, while shear stress was the primary cause of mortality for salmon, and collision effects were moderate but species-dependent. The optimized turbine design (Prototype 1) demonstrated improvements in adult fish passage safety compared to the initial design, particularly for eels, yet persistent vulnerabilities highlight the need for further refinements and protective measures, such as physical, mechanical or sensory behavioral barriers combined with bypass systems, to mitigate unavoidable mortality risks during turbine passage. The findings highlight the potential for species-specific design optimization to balance ecological conservation with sustainable energy production. This work underscores the importance of integrating environmental considerations into hydropower technologies to support the EU's decarbonization goals while safeguarding aquatic biodiversity.
{"title":"Modelling of biological impacts of contra-rotating propeller reversible pump turbines on migratory fishes","authors":"A Miccoli , A De Luca , M Marcelli , M Joseph , M Zangeneh , J Bricker , M Peviani , G Scapigliati","doi":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydropower plays a critical role in global renewable energy production, yet its environmental impacts on aquatic ecosystems remain a concern. This study investigates the biological impacts of Shaft-Driven Variable-Speed Contra-Rotating Propeller Reversible Pump Turbines (SDCRRPTs) on fish populations, using Atlantic salmon (<em>Salmo salar</em>) and European eel (<em>anguilla</em>) as experimental models. These species present critical ecological and conservation traits, making them ideal models for assessing hydropower-induced stressors such as rapid decompression, shear, collision, and turbulence. Through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and the Biological Performance Assessment (BioPA) tool, two SDCRRPT prototypes were evaluated under varying operating conditions. Results indicate that rapid decompression posed minimal risks, while shear stress was the primary cause of mortality for salmon, and collision effects were moderate but species-dependent. The optimized turbine design (Prototype 1) demonstrated improvements in adult fish passage safety compared to the initial design, particularly for eels, yet persistent vulnerabilities highlight the need for further refinements and protective measures, such as physical, mechanical or sensory behavioral barriers combined with bypass systems, to mitigate unavoidable mortality risks during turbine passage. The findings highlight the potential for species-specific design optimization to balance ecological conservation with sustainable energy production. This work underscores the importance of integrating environmental considerations into hydropower technologies to support the EU's decarbonization goals while safeguarding aquatic biodiversity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48514,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ocean Engineering and Science","volume":"10 6","pages":"Pages 1061-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":11.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145469107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-08-05DOI: 10.1016/j.joes.2025.08.001
Danial Ghaderi
The Persian Gulf (PG) is a strategically vital yet ecologically fragile region, highly susceptible to oil spill hazards due to intensive offshore petroleum activities and complex hydrodynamic conditions. In this study, a Shoreline Risk Index (SRI) was developed to evaluate the vulnerability of PG shorelines to potential oil pollution. A total of 18000 spatiotemporal oil spill scenarios were simulated using the pyGNOME model, with each scenario assigned a specific weight based on its spatial impact. The simulations were calibrated using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, incorporating real spill observations near Kharg Island to ensure model reliability. Sensitivity analysis revealed Windage Range and Half-life as the most influential parameters in oil spill dispersion, emphasizing the need for regional calibration instead of relying on default values. In contrast, the Diffusion Coefficient showed limited sensitivity unless drastically altered. The computed SRI identified the United Arab Emirates as the most vulnerable country, followed by Bahrain and Qatar, due to their exposure to prevailing wind and current patterns and proximity to dense offshore operations. Although Iran's extensive shoreline exhibited relatively lower average risk, certain areas near major oil terminals—such as Kharg and Lavan Islands—showed elevated vulnerability. Offshore islands across the PG were also consistently at high risk. Given the transboundary nature of oil spills in the PG, this study highlights the urgent need for coordinated regional monitoring and response led by relevant multilateral organizations. The developed methodology offers a robust and scalable framework for future oil spill risk assessments and coastal management in the PG.
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