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Radium levels in Brazil nuts: A review of the literature. 巴西坚果中的镭含量:文献综述。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12717
Christian Koeder, Markus Keller

Brazil nuts are well known for their extraordinarily high selenium content. For this reason, they are frequently recommended as a kind of natural selenium 'supplement', particularly for certain population groups such as vegetarians and vegans in regions with low soil selenium levels. Typically, an intake of one or two Brazil nuts per day is recommended. Brazil nuts, however, also stand out from other nuts in terms of their high (albeit highly variable) radium content. The radium isotopes Ra-226 and Ra-228 emit alpha- and beta-radiation, with this type of radiation being particularly harmful when ingested. Consequently, it is important to consider radium levels in Brazil nuts before formulating recommendations for a long-term, daily intake of these nuts. To date, however, no comprehensive overview of radium levels in Brazil nuts has been published. Therefore, a literature review without time or language restrictions was conducted, including unpublished original data from Germany. The literature review (including the German data) indicated mean Ra-226 and Ra-228 levels of 49 (range: 17-205) mBq/g and 67 (range: 12-235) mBq/g, respectively. Assuming a consistent daily intake of one or two Brazil nuts, this would result in an effective dose of ~88-220 μSv/year. This level of exposure appears to be neither clearly harmful nor clearly harmless. As increased radioactivity exposure (at least at higher doses) is associated with increased cancer risk, randomised controlled trials assessing the effect of Brazil nuts on cancer risk biomarkers are needed.

巴西坚果以其极高的硒含量而闻名。因此,巴西坚果经常被推荐作为一种天然的硒 "补充剂",尤其适用于某些人群,如土壤硒含量较低地区的素食主义者和纯素食者。通常,建议每天摄入一到两个巴西坚果。不过,巴西坚果在镭含量(尽管变化很大)方面也有别于其他坚果。镭的同位素镭-226 和镭-228 会发出阿尔法和贝塔辐射,摄入这类辐射尤其有害。因此,在制定巴西坚果的长期、每日摄入量建议之前,必须考虑巴西坚果中的镭含量。然而,迄今为止,还没有关于巴西坚果中镭含量的全面概述。因此,我们不受时间和语言的限制进行了一次文献综述,其中包括德国未发表的原始数据。文献综述(包括德国的数据)显示,镭-226 和镭-228 的平均含量分别为 49(范围:17-205)毫贝克/克和 67(范围:12-235)毫贝克/克。假设每天持续摄入一到两个巴西坚果,其有效剂量为每年约 88-220 μSv。这一辐照水平似乎既不明显有害,也不明显无害。由于放射性暴露的增加(至少在较高剂量时)与癌症风险的增加有关,因此需要进行随机对照试验,评估巴西坚果对癌症风险生物标志物的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Higher cost of gluten-free products compared to gluten-containing equivalents is mainly attributed to staple foods. 与含麸质的同类产品相比,无麸质产品的成本较高,这主要归因于主食。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12716
Eirini Bathrellou, Vasiliki Bountziouka, Despoina Lamprou, Evanthia Fragedaki, Eleftheria Papachristou, Frank Vriesekoop, Meropi D Kontogianni

The high cost of gluten-free products (GFPs) is being discussed as a potential barrier to adherence to a gluten-free diet, rendering monitoring of their pricing an ongoing demand in a market subject to continuous fluctuations. The current study aimed to assess the current pricing status of GFPs in the Greek retail market, with a focus on differences between staple and non-staple foods. The retail price and packaging weight of all available GFPs and their gluten-containing (GCPs) counterparts of a GFP-shopping basket (formulated based on the results of a preceding online survey) were recorded by visiting one store of the five most popular reported supermarket chains. The food categories were grouped into staple (e.g. breads, pasta and flours) and non-staple (e.g. chips, sweets and sauces) foods. Adjusting for supermarket chain and product type, a quantile mixed regression model was applied to assess the extent to which median product price (per 100 g) differed between GFPs and GCPs. The unique products recorded were 1058 (of which 408 GFPs), with a total of 2165 retail price recordings. While the overall median price/100 g of GFPs was not found to be significantly different from that of GCPs, the median price of staple GFPs was estimated to be higher than staple GCPs (+€1.03 [95% CI: €0.93; €1.13] per 100 g), whilst that of non-staple GFPs was slightly lower (-€0.20 [95% CI: -€0.37; -€0.02] per 100 g). In conclusion, the persisting higher cost of staple GFPs suggests the need for ongoing financial support for people with coeliac disease.

无麸质产品(GFP)的高昂成本被认为是影响人们坚持无麸质饮食的潜在障碍,因此在市场不断波动的情况下,对其定价的监控成为一项持续性需求。本研究旨在评估希腊零售市场上无麸质食品的定价现状,重点关注主食和非主食之间的差异。研究人员走访了五家最受欢迎的连锁超市中的一家商店,记录了一篮子 GFP(根据之前的在线调查结果制定)中所有现有 GFP 及其含麸质(GCP)对应食品的零售价格和包装重量。食品类别分为主食(如面包、面食和面粉)和副食(如薯片、糖果和调味品)。在对连锁超市和产品种类进行调整后,采用量化混合回归模型来评估普通食品店和普通食品店的产品价格中位数(每 100 克)的差异程度。记录的独特产品有 1058 种(其中 408 种为普通食品添加剂),零售价格记录总数为 2165 个。虽然发现 GFP 的总体中位价格/100 克与 GCP 的中位价格/100 克没有显著差异,但估计主食 GFP 的中位价格高于主食 GCP(+1.03 欧元 [95% CI:0.93 欧元;1.13 欧元]/100 克),而非主食 GFP 的中位价格略低(-0.20 欧元 [95% CI:-0.37 欧元;-0.02 欧元]/100 克)。总之,主食 GFP 的成本一直较高,这表明有必要为乳糜泻患者提供持续的经济支持。
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引用次数: 0
A randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of genotype-based personalised diet and physical activity advice for FTO genotype (rs9939609) delivered via email on healthy eating motivation in young adults. 一项随机对照试验,旨在确定通过电子邮件针对 FTO 基因型(rs9939609)提供基于基因型的个性化饮食和体育锻炼建议对年轻人健康饮食动机的影响。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12710
Alexandra King, Mark Glaister, Kate Lawrence, Jonathan Nixon, Leta Pilic, Yiannis Mavrommatis

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and public health dietary recommendations are not being adhered to. The transition to higher education is a period of risk for weight gain in young adults and has been demonstrated as a good time to initiate behaviour change. A genotype-based personalised approach to dietary recommendations may motivate young adults to maintain or adopt positive dietary behaviours. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of genotype-based personalised dietary and physical activity advice on healthy eating motivation in young adults. Participants were young adults (n = 153), aged 18-25 years. Baseline measures (participant characteristics, height, weight, body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage [BF%], healthy eating motivation and physical activity) were collected. Participants were genotyped for a SNP in the FTO gene (rs99396090) and randomly allocated (stratified for genotype) to three different groups (1. Genotype-based personalised advice: dietary and physical activity advice based on genotype, BMI and reported physical activity; 2. Non-genotype-based personalised advice: dietary and physical activity advice based on BMI and reported physical activity; 3. Control: no advice). A week after receipt of advice delivered via email, participants completed the healthy eating motivation questionnaire for a second time. Genotype-based personalised dietary advice did not affect healthy eating motivation: when participants were analysed across the whole group (p = 0.417), when analysed according to those informed of a risk or non-risk-associated genotype (p = 0.287), or when analysed according to those with a BMI (>25 kg/m2; p = 0.336) or BF% (male >18%, female >31%; p = 0.387) outside the healthy range. There was also no significant difference in healthy eating motivation at 1-week in the control or non-genotype-based advice groups. Genotype-based personalised advice for the prevention of obesity did not affect healthy eating motivation in this group of healthy, young adults.

肥胖症的发病率持续上升,而公共卫生饮食建议并未得到遵守。升学时期是青壮年体重增加的风险期,已被证明是开始行为改变的良好时机。基于基因型的个性化膳食建议可能会激励年轻人保持或采取积极的膳食行为。本研究旨在确定基于基因型的个性化饮食和体育锻炼建议对年轻人健康饮食动机的影响。参与者为 18-25 岁的年轻人(n = 153)。研究人员收集了基线测量数据(参与者特征、身高、体重、体重指数[BMI]、体脂百分比[BF%]、健康饮食动机和体育锻炼)。对参与者进行 FTO 基因 SNP(rs99396090)的基因分型,并随机分配(按基因型分层)到三个不同的组别(1.基于基因型的个性化建议:根据基因型、体重指数和报告的体力活动提供饮食和体力活动建议;2.非基于基因型的个性化建议:根据体重指数和报告的体力活动提供饮食和体力活动建议;3.对照组:不提供建议)。在收到通过电子邮件发送的建议一周后,参与者第二次填写了健康饮食动机问卷。基于基因型的个性化饮食建议对健康饮食动机没有影响:当对整个组的参与者进行分析时(p = 0.417),当根据被告知风险或非风险相关基因型的参与者进行分析时(p = 0.287),或者当根据体重指数(>25 kg/m2;p = 0.336)或BF%(男性>18%,女性>31%;p = 0.387)超出健康范围的参与者进行分析时。对照组和非基因型建议组在一周后的健康饮食动机方面也没有明显差异。基于基因型的个性化肥胖预防建议不会影响这群健康年轻人的健康饮食动机。
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引用次数: 0
The association between ultra-processed food consumption and low-grade inflammation in childhood: A cross-sectional study. 超加工食品消费与儿童低度炎症之间的关系:一项横断面研究
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12711
Burak Mete, Hatice Merve Sadıkoğlu, Hakan Demirhindi, Ebru Melekoglu, Adnan Barutcu, Tuba Makca, Fatma Atun Utuk

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the amount of ultra-processed food (UPF) in the diet and low-grade inflammation in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 50 healthy children recruited from children attending the Social Paediatrics Outpatient Clinic for follow-up of normal developmental stages. Low-grade inflammation was calculated by INFLA-score, dietary intake by three 24-h dietary recalls and dietary content analyses by BeBiS™ software. The mean age of the 50 children included in our study was 10.18 ± 3.98 years (5-17 years). UPF accounted for 24.5% of the total daily energy intake of children. In children with higher inflammation scores (INFLA-score ≥ 2), the amount in grams of UPF and the percentage of total energy from UPF were found to be significantly higher (p = 0.030 and p = 0.015, respectively). A weak positive correlation was found between the INFLA-score and the percentage of daily dietary energy intake coming from UPFs (r = 0.350, p < 0.01), the average daily energy intake from UPFs (r = 0.313, p < 0.05), and the average daily amount of UPF consumed (r = 0.260, p < 0.05). The linear regression model revealed that every one-unit increase (1%) in the percentage of total daily energy intake coming from UPF caused an increase in β = 0.154-unit in the INFLA-score. It was found that obesity was not a mediator in the association between the percentages of total energy intake from UPF on the INFLA-score, instead, the energy intake from UPF had a significant direct association with the INFLA-score. The average amount of UPF consumed daily showed an increasing pattern in parallel with inflammation-score quartile classes (Q1 to Q4) with 33.3% in Q1, 38.5% in Q2, 53.8% in Q3 and 66.7% in Q4 (p = 0.049). In conclusion, a positive association was found between low-grade inflammation and UPF consumption in children, independent of obesity.

本研究旨在探讨儿童饮食中超标加工食品(UPF)的含量与低度炎症之间的关系。这项横断面研究从社会儿科门诊中招募了50名健康儿童,对他们的正常发育阶段进行随访。低度炎症通过 INFLA 评分计算,膳食摄入量通过三次 24 小时膳食回顾和 BeBiS™ 软件的膳食含量分析计算。参与研究的50名儿童的平均年龄为(10.18 ± 3.98)岁(5-17岁)。UPF占儿童每日能量摄入总量的24.5%。在炎症评分较高(INFLA-评分≥2)的儿童中,以克为单位的UPF含量和UPF占总能量的百分比显著较高(分别为p = 0.030和p = 0.015)。在 INFLA 分数和每日膳食能量摄入中来自 UPF 的百分比之间发现了微弱的正相关(r = 0.350,p = 0.015)。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic review and meta-analysis of functional vitamin B12 status among adult vegans. 成年素食者功能性维生素 B12 状态的系统回顾和荟萃分析。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12712
Ali Niklewicz, Luciana Hannibal, Martin Warren, Kourosh R Ahmadi

The dietary intake of vitamin B12 among unsupplemented vegans is notably lower compared to both vegetarians and omnivores. Prolonged low intakes of vitamin B12, such as seen in those adhering to a vegan diet, lead to physiological deficiency of vitamin B12 and an elevated risk of B12-related morbidity. However, while serum B12 serves as a conventional biomarker for assessing B12 status, its utility is limited given its sensitivity and specificity in ascribing physiological deficiency of B12 and the functional vitamin B12 status of those adhering to vegan diets is unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data based on the full panel of biomarkers of vitamin B12 status to test whether adherence to a vegan diet is associated with an elevated risk of functional vitamin B12 deficiency compared to vegetarian or omnivorous diets. In addition, subgroup analysis was carried out to look at the effect of vitamin B12 supplement use on B12 status among vegans. Our search identified 4002 records, of which 19 studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 17 studies were taken forward for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis results revealed significantly lower serum B12, pmol/ (-0.72 [-1.26, -0.18]; p = 0.01) and elevated total homocysteine, μmol/L (tHcy) (0.57 [0.26, 0.89]; p < 0.001) concentrations, alongside elevated methylmalonic acid, nmol/L (MMA) (0.28 [-0.01, 0.57]; p = 0.06) and lower holotranscobalamin, pmol/ (HoloTC) (-0.42 [-0.91, 0.07]; p = 0.09) levels among vegan adults compared to omnivores, indicating increased functional B12 deficiency in addition to low vitamin B12 status in vegan adults. There were no differences between vegans and vegetarians in HoloTC (0.04 [-0.28, 0.35]; p = 0.814) or MMA (-0.05 [-0.29, 0.20]; p = 0.708), but differences were found in serum B12 (-0.25 [-0.40, -0.10]; p = 0.001) and for tHcy (0.24 [0.09, 0.39]; p = 0.002) concentrations. Subgroup analyses indicated that the use of vitamin B12 supplements among vegans contributes to significant improvements in all biomarker concentrations compared to their unsupplemented counterparts. Our findings underscore the need for improved strategies to redress poor vitamin B12 status with appropriate B12 supplementation use among those adhering to vegetarian and vegan diets.

与素食者和杂食者相比,未补充维生素 B12 的素食者的膳食维生素 B12 摄入量明显偏低。长期摄入维生素 B12 摄入量过低(如素食者)会导致维生素 B12 生理缺乏,并增加与 B12 相关的发病风险。然而,虽然血清 B12 是评估 B12 状态的常规生物标志物,但由于其在确定 B12 生理缺乏方面的灵敏度和特异性有限,而且坚持素食者的功能性维生素 B12 状态尚不清楚。我们利用全套维生素 B12 状态生物标志物的数据进行了系统回顾和荟萃分析,以检验与素食或杂食相比,坚持素食是否与功能性维生素 B12 缺乏的风险升高有关。此外,我们还进行了亚组分析,以了解使用维生素 B12 补充剂对素食者维生素 B12 状态的影响。我们的搜索发现了 4002 条记录,其中 19 项研究符合系统综述的纳入标准,17 项研究被纳入荟萃分析。荟萃分析结果显示,素食者的血清 B12(pmol/)明显降低(-0.72 [-1.26, -0.18];p = 0.01),总同型半胱氨酸(μmol/L,tHcy)明显升高(0.57 [0.26, 0.89];p = 0.01)。
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引用次数: 0
Diet and health inequalities: Connecting with vulnerable groups to address food insecurity-the DIO food project. 饮食与健康不平等:联系弱势群体,解决粮食不安全问题--DIO 粮食项目。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12709
Daniel R Crabtree, Emma Hunter, Victoria Jenneson, Alison Fildes, Alice Kininmonth, Francesca Pontin, Emily Ennis, Marta Lonnie, Hannah Skeggs, Lizzy McHugh, Michelle A Morris, Flora Douglas, Alexandra M Johnstone

The current cost-of-living crisis is disproportionately affecting families experiencing poverty and is likely to be amplifying existing dietary inequalities and challenges, such as food insecurity (FI). Government policies designed to address diet inequality in the UK have historically had minimal impact on population diet and health and may have even widened existing inequalities. Therefore, the effect of nutrition policies on those experiencing FI in the context of the current cost-of-living crisis needs to be better understood. The aim of the Diet and Health Inequalities (DIO Food) project is to work with early years, people living on a low income and retailers to generate opportune evidence-based research and commentary that will inform diet-related health inequalities policy and practice. DIO Food is related to the existing Food Insecurity in people living with Obesity (FIO Food) project, which consists of four interlinked work packages (WPs1-4). DIO Food consists of three interlinked work packages (WPs5-7), which enhance the scope of FIO Food, and are described in this article. WP5 addresses a paucity of research on maternal and infant food insecurity in the UK, by applying a qualitative research approach to capture parents' and carers' perceptions of the relationship between the food system and other influences impacting infant feeding practice, associated with the cost-of-living crisis. WP6 will conduct the first-ever cross-retailer independent evaluation of England's high fat, sugar and salt (HFSS) product placement legislation. Researchers will analyse store-level supermarket sales data provided by large UK retailers to produce sector-level insights into whether HFSS legislation reduced HFSS purchasing, improved the healthiness of retailer product portfolios, and was equitable across areas with different characteristics. WP7 will support WP5 and 6, by strengthening engagement with key stakeholders, including at-risk consumers and representatives of major supermarkets, and effectively translating research outcomes and stakeholder perspectives for policy and industry decision-makers.

当前的生活费用危机对贫困家庭的影响尤为严重,很可能会扩大现有的饮食不平等和挑战,如粮食不安全(FI)。在英国,旨在解决饮食不平等问题的政府政策历来对居民饮食和健康的影响微乎其微,甚至可能会扩大现有的不平等。因此,在当前生活费用危机的背景下,需要更好地了解营养政策对那些经历 FI 的人的影响。饮食与健康不平等(DIO Food)项目旨在与幼儿、低收入人群和零售商合作,开展适时的循证研究和评论,为与饮食相关的健康不平等政策和实践提供信息。DIO Food 与现有的 "肥胖症患者饮食不安全"(FIO Food)项目相关,该项目由四个相互关联的工作包(WPs1-4)组成。DIO Food 由三个相互关联的工作包(WPs5-7)组成,这些工作包扩大了 FIO Food 的范围,本文将对其进行介绍。第 5 工作包采用定性研究方法,了解父母和照护者对食品系统与影响婴儿喂养做法的其他因素之间的关系的看法,并与生活费用危机联系起来,从而解决英国母婴食品不安全研究不足的问题。WP6 将对英格兰的高脂、高糖、高盐(HFSS)产品摆放立法进行首次跨零售商独立评估。研究人员将分析英国大型零售商提供的商店级超市销售数据,从行业层面深入了解高脂、高糖、高盐立法是否减少了高脂、高糖、高盐产品的购买量,改善了零售商产品组合的健康状况,以及在具有不同特征的地区是否公平。WP7 将支持 WP5 和 WP6,加强与主要利益相关者(包括高风险消费者和大型超市代表)的接触,并将研究成果和利益相关者的观点有效地转化为政策和行业决策者的观点。
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引用次数: 0
Navigating household food insecurity and environmental sustainability on a low income: An exploration of Sheffield mothers. 低收入家庭如何应对粮食不安全和环境可持续性问题:谢菲尔德母亲的探索。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12706
Elisabeth A Garratt, Christine Jackson-Taylor

In 2023, 25% of adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland experienced food insecurity. The concentration of food insecurity in both socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and households containing children raises concerns about its uneven nutritional and health impacts across different groups. In parallel with rising food insecurity over the past decade, concerns about the environmental consequences of human diets are intensifying, where urgent changes are needed to people's diets to avoid irreversible environmental damage. It is generally assumed that cost has a significant impact on people's ability to adopt more environmentally sustainable food practices. This UK Research Council-funded project seeks to gain insights into the ways in which low-income mothers (are able to) engage with environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ1 will examine the day-to-day food practices that mothers undertake for their families to offer insights into everyday food insecurity and the relevance of environmentally sustainable food practices. RQ2 will explore biographical experiences to highlight how mothers' life histories influence their familial food practices, including their current household food security and engagement with environmentally sustainable food practices. Finally, RQ3 will explore mothers' upcoming prospects of food insecurity and environmentally sustainable food practices. These research questions will be explored through a qualitative longitudinal, feminist study of 15 low-income mothers in Sheffield, UK, combining in-depth interviews with ethnographic elements. Gaining improved knowledge of mothers' food practices on a low income will be valuable to influence realistic, effective and meaningful philosophies, policies and practical action that prioritises equity, good nutrition and environmentally sustainable food practices.

2023 年,英格兰、威尔士和北爱尔兰有 25% 的成年人面临粮食不安全问题。粮食不安全主要集中在社会经济弱势群体和有儿童的家庭,这引起了人们对粮食不安全对不同群体的营养和健康影响不均衡的担忧。过去十年来,在粮食不安全问题日益严重的同时,人们对人类饮食对环境造成的后果也日益关注,迫切需要改变人们的饮食习惯,以避免对环境造成不可逆转的破坏。人们普遍认为,成本对人们采用更环保的可持续食品做法的能力有重大影响。这个由英国研究理事会资助的项目旨在深入了解低收入母亲(能够)采用环境可持续食品做法的方式。研究问题 1 将研究母亲们为其家庭所采取的日常食品做法,以深入了解日常食品不安全状况以及环境可持续食品做法的相关性。研究问题 2 将探讨母亲的个人经历,以突出母亲的生活史如何影响她们的家庭饮食实践,包括她们当前的家庭食品安全状况和对环境可持续食品实践的参与情况。最后,研究问题 3 将探讨母亲们对粮食不安全和环境可持续食品实践的未来展望。这些研究问题将通过对英国谢菲尔德的 15 位低收入母亲进行定性纵向女性主义研究来探讨,研究将深度访谈与人种学元素相结合。更好地了解低收入母亲的饮食习惯,将有助于影响现实、有效和有意义的理念、政策和实际行动,优先考虑公平、良好营养和环境可持续的饮食习惯。
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引用次数: 0
Mindful eating and orthorexia nervosa: How do they interact? 正念饮食与神经性厌食症:它们是如何相互作用的?
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12708
Bianka Dobos, Tamás Berki, David Mellor, Bettina F Piko

The present study explored the associations between orthorexia nervosa, social media addiction, emotion regulation difficulties, perfectionism and BMI with four facets of mindful eating, using path analysis to assess these relationships. A sample of 551 students (127 males, 424 females, mean age = 22.6 years) completed an online self-report questionnaire evaluating these constructs. Analyses revealed that mindful eating contributed to emotion dysregulation and orthorexia nervosa and was related to social media addiction. Significant indirect paths were identified from mindful eating, social media addiction and adaptive perfectionism through emotion dysregulation to maladaptive perfectionism. While no direct paths were observed between mindful eating and perfectionism, a direct path was found between adaptive perfectionism and orthorexia nervosa. These findings suggest a more nuanced understanding of eating behaviours is required. Individuals susceptible to eating disorders should approach mindful eating with caution and seek support from healthcare providers to ensure it is used in a way that supports overall wellbeing. Future research should aim to replicate and further clarify these associations to reveal the long-term effects of mindful eating.

本研究探讨了神经性厌食症、社交媒体成瘾、情绪调节困难、完美主义和体重指数与正念饮食四个方面之间的关系,并使用路径分析来评估这些关系。551名学生(127名男生,424名女生,平均年龄=22.6岁)完成了一份在线自我报告问卷,对这些构建进行了评估。分析表明,正念饮食会导致情绪失调和神经性厌食症,并与社交媒体成瘾有关。从正念进食、社交媒体成瘾和适应性完美主义到情绪失调再到适应性完美主义之间发现了显著的间接路径。虽然在正念进食和完美主义之间没有发现直接路径,但在适应性完美主义和神经性厌食症之间发现了直接路径。这些发现表明,我们需要对饮食行为有更细致的了解。容易患饮食失调症的人应该谨慎对待正念进食,并寻求医疗保健提供者的支持,以确保正念进食的使用方式能够支持整体健康。未来的研究应旨在复制和进一步阐明这些关联,以揭示正念进食的长期影响。
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引用次数: 0
Mediterranean diet for the management of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in non-Mediterranean, Western countries: What's known and what's needed? 在非地中海地区的西方国家,地中海饮食治疗代谢功能障碍相关脂肪肝:已知的和需要的是什么?
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12707
Ayesha Sualeheen, Sze-Yen Tan, Ekavi Georgousopoulou, Robin M Daly, Audrey C Tierney, Stuart K Roberts, Elena S George

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting 30% of the population in Western countries. MASLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome, pathophysiologically underpinned by insulin resistance and frequently co-exists with hypertension, central obesity and dyslipidaemia. Currently, safe and effective pharmacotherapies for MASLD are limited, making weight loss with lifestyle changes the mainstay therapy. A Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has emerged as an effective dietary pattern for preventing and managing MASLD, but most studies have been conducted in Mediterranean countries, necessitating further investigation into its benefits in Western populations. Additionally, the effect of holistic multimodal lifestyle interventions, including physical activity combined with the MedDiet, is not well established. Finally, MASLD's widespread prevalence and rapid growth require improved accessibility to interventions. Digital health delivery platforms, designed for remote access, could be a promising approach to providing timely support to individuals with MASLD. This narrative review summarises the current evidence related to the effects of the MedDiet in Western, multicultural populations with MASLD. This includes a detailed description of the composition, prescription and adherence to dietary interventions in terms of how they have been designed and applied. The evidence related to the role of physical activity or exercise interventions prescribed in combination with the MedDiet for MASLD will also be reviewed. Finally, recommendations for the design and delivery of dietary and physical activity or exercise interventions to inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to facilitate the optimal management of MASLD are outlined.

代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病(MASLD)是全球最常见的肝病,西方国家 30% 的人患有此病。代谢功能障碍相关性脂肪性肝病被认为是代谢综合征的肝脏表现,其病理生理基础是胰岛素抵抗,并经常与高血压、中心性肥胖和血脂异常同时存在。目前,针对 MASLD 安全有效的药物疗法十分有限,因此改变生活方式减轻体重成为主要疗法。地中海饮食(MedDiet)已成为预防和控制 MASLD 的有效饮食模式,但大多数研究都是在地中海国家进行的,因此有必要进一步调查其对西方人群的益处。此外,整体多模式生活方式干预(包括体育锻炼与地中海饮食相结合)的效果尚未得到充分证实。最后,MASLD 的广泛流行和快速增长要求提高干预措施的可及性。专为远程访问而设计的数字健康服务平台可能是为 MASLD 患者提供及时支持的一种有前途的方法。本叙事性综述总结了目前与MedDiet在西方多元文化MASLD患者中的效果有关的证据。其中包括从如何设计和应用饮食干预的角度,对饮食干预的组成、处方和坚持情况进行了详细描述。此外,还将审查与针对 MASLD 的 "健康饮食 "相结合的体育活动或运动干预措施的作用相关的证据。最后,概述了有关饮食和体力活动或运动干预措施的设计和实施的建议,以便为未来随机对照试验的设计提供参考,从而促进MASLD的优化管理。
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引用次数: 0
Helping athletes to select botanical supplements for the right reasons: A comparison of self-reported reasons for use versus evidence-based supplement claims. 帮助运动员以正确的理由选择植物补充剂:自我报告的使用原因与基于证据的补充剂声明的比较。
IF 2.7 4区 医学 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12696
Bridin McDaid, Floris C Wardenaar, Jayne V Woodside, Charlotte E Neville, David Tobin, Sharon M Madigan, Anne P Nugent

Use of food supplements (FS) by athletes is well characterised but there is little information on 'herbal' or 'botanical' FS beyond 'natural'. This study determined, by questionnaire, whether athletes' main self-reported reason for using FS was reflective of what was written on product labels or, when these claims were unavailable, was in accordance with the scientific literature. In 217 elite (n = 55) and amateur (n = 162) athletes living on the island of Ireland, 71% (n = 153) consumed any kind of FS, with 16% (n = 34) of the entire cohort deemed botanical consumers. 'Protein' (21%, n = 46), 'vitamin D' (17%, n = 37) and 'vitamin C' (15% n = 32) were most consumed with the top reasons for use being 'to support health', 'to prevent illness/for immunity purposes' and 'recovery'. There was generally good agreement between approved nutrition and health claims for such products and athletes' main reported reasons for use. Only the amateur athletes in our pool described using botanical supplements, with reasons for use stated as 'sleep improvement' (21%), 'recovery' (14%), 'supporting health' (12%) and 'energy' (12%), resulting in poor agreement with either approved claims or scientific evidence. Only half of amateur athletes knew if their botanical FS were third-party tested. Athletes and practitioners require guidance to avoid consuming supplements for which there is little scientific evidence, and which may risk being contaminated/fraudulent.

运动员使用食品补充剂(FS)的情况非常明显,但除了 "天然 "之外,有关 "草本 "或 "植物 "食品补充剂的信息很少。本研究通过问卷调查,确定运动员自我报告的使用食品补充剂的主要原因是否反映了产品标签上所写的内容,或者在没有这些声明的情况下,是否与科学文献相符。在居住在爱尔兰岛的 217 名精英(n = 55)和业余(n = 162)运动员中,71%(n = 153)的人食用任何种类的食品添加剂,其中 16%(n = 34)的人被认为是植物食品消费者。蛋白质"(21%,n = 46)、"维生素 D"(17%,n = 37)和 "维生素 C"(15%,n = 32)的消费量最大,使用的主要原因是 "支持健康"、"预防疾病/提高免疫力 "和 "恢复"。这类产品获准的营养和健康声明与运动员报告的主要使用原因基本吻合。在我们的调查中,只有业余运动员描述了使用植物补充剂的情况,其使用原因分别为 "改善睡眠"(21%)、"恢复"(14%)、"支持健康"(12%)和 "补充能量"(12%),因此与批准的声明或科学证据之间的一致性较差。只有一半的业余运动员知道他们的植物 FS 是否经过第三方检测。运动员和从业人员需要得到指导,以避免食用科学依据不足且可能存在污染/欺诈风险的补充剂。
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引用次数: 0
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Nutrition Bulletin
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