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The impact of genetic variability on the relationship between caffeine and cardiometabolic outcomes: A systematic review. 遗传变异对咖啡因和心脏代谢结果之间关系的影响:一项系统综述。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12606
Jessica Virgili, Petros Motitis, Gabrielle Julal, Yiannis Mavrommatis, Leta Pilic

The relationship between caffeine consumption and cardiometabolic health has been reported, however with heterogenous results. Discrepancies in study results may be due to inter-individual variability between study participants. This systematic review aimed to identify the impact of genetics on the relationship between caffeine consumption and cardiometabolic outcomes. Electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched for studies published until July 2021. Selected studies were of both intervention and observational design and included (1) analysis of at least one of the selected cardiometabolic outcome (type 2 diabetes, glucose/insulin levels, cardiovascular disease [CVD], blood pressure [BP] or hypertension, and blood lipid and catecholamine levels), (2) adults aged 18-65 years, and (3) genetic analysis of individuals consuming caffeine. Seventeen studies were included: four randomised controlled trials and an interventional and quasi-experimental study, six population-based prospective cohort studies, three cross-sectional studies, and three case-control studies. CYP1A2 rs762551 and ADORA rs5751876 were associated with glucose response when caffeine was consumed with carbohydrates. CYP1A2 rs762551 moderated the association between coffee intake and hypertension. Moreover, ADORA2A rs5751876 and the ADRA2B I variants moderated the associations between caffeine and BP. Studies that investigated the effects of genetic variations on CVD and caffeine consumption reported equivocal findings (CYP1A2) or warrant replication (COMT, ADORA and TRIB1). Elucidating the extent to which these genes moderate the association between caffeine and cardiometabolic outcomes will enable caffeine consumption advice to be tailored to specific individuals to optimise health.

咖啡因摄入与心脏代谢健康之间的关系已被报道,但结果却不尽相同。研究结果的差异可能是由于研究参与者之间的个体差异。本系统综述旨在确定基因对咖啡因摄入与心脏代谢结果之间关系的影响。在电子数据库(PubMed和EMBASE)中检索到2021年7月之前发表的研究。所选的研究既有干预设计,也有观察设计,包括(1)对至少一种选定的心脏代谢结果(2型糖尿病、葡萄糖/胰岛素水平、心血管疾病[CVD]、血压[BP]或高血压、血脂和儿茶酚胺水平)的分析,(2)18-65岁的成年人,(3)对摄入咖啡因个体的遗传分析。纳入17项研究:4项随机对照试验和1项干预性和准实验性研究,6项基于人群的前瞻性队列研究,3项横断面研究和3项病例对照研究。当咖啡因与碳水化合物一起摄入时,CYP1A2 rs762551和ADORA rs5751876与葡萄糖反应有关。CYP1A2 rs762551调节咖啡摄入与高血压之间的关联。此外,ADORA2A rs5751876和ADRA2B I变体调节了咖啡因和BP之间的关联。研究遗传变异对心血管疾病和咖啡因摄入影响的研究报告了模棱两可的结果(CYP1A2)或值得复制的结果(COMT, ADORA和TRIB1)。阐明这些基因在多大程度上调节咖啡因与心脏代谢结果之间的关联,将使咖啡因摄入建议能够针对特定个体进行调整,以优化健康。
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引用次数: 0
Conference Diary March 2023. 会议日记2023年3月。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12609
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引用次数: 0
A critical review of children's culinary nutrition interventions, the methodologies used and their impact on dietary, psychosocial and wellbeing outcomes. 对儿童烹饪营养干预措施、使用的方法及其对饮食、心理社会和健康结果的影响进行批判性审查。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12596
Fiona Lavelle

Diet quality has been associated with numerous health outcomes, resulting in nutrition education to improve children's diet quality. Culinary nutrition interventions have been emphasised as a promising approach for enhancing children's food preferences and behaviours. Recently, there has been an increase in such interventions, and it is essential to understand their effectiveness and the specific methods used. Therefore, this review aimed to critically investigate methodological approaches in a range of children's culinary nutrition interventions and experiments. A secondary aim was to investigate the impact of these interventions on dietary, psychosocial and wellbeing outcomes. A systematic and pragmatic search strategy was developed and implemented using two electronic databases. Data extraction of the relevant content of eligible studies and a narrative synthesis were conducted. A total of 12 312 articles were identified from the search and 38 studies on children's culinary nutrition interventions or experiments were included. Most studies (n = 25) were conducted in North America. Only two studies had an RCT design. Less than half the studies (n = 16) used an underpinning theory, model or framework. Only four studies conducted sample size calculations. Some validated measurement tools were used. Despite the methodological concerns, most studies found some positive changes in dietary and/or psychosocial outcomes, while only two studies assessed wellbeing. Therefore, the area warrants further in-depth research anchored in methodological rigor to strengthen the validity of the research. The strengthening of the evidence in children's culinary nutrition could have a significant beneficial impact on public health if it resulted in widespread interventions and, in the long-term, reduce the impact on health systems.

饮食质量与许多健康结果有关,因此需要营养教育来改善儿童的饮食质量。烹饪营养干预已被强调为加强儿童食物偏好和行为的一种有希望的方法。最近,这种干预措施有所增加,了解其有效性和所使用的具体方法至关重要。因此,本综述旨在批判性地调查一系列儿童烹饪营养干预和实验的方法学方法。第二个目的是调查这些干预措施对饮食、社会心理和健康结果的影响。利用两个电子数据库制定和实施了系统和实用的搜索策略。对符合条件的研究的相关内容进行数据提取和叙事综合。从搜索中共确定了12 312篇文章,其中包括38项关于儿童烹饪营养干预或实验的研究。大多数研究(n = 25)在北美进行。只有两项研究采用随机对照试验设计。不到一半的研究(n = 16)使用了基础理论、模型或框架。只有四项研究进行了样本大小计算。使用了一些经过验证的测量工具。尽管存在方法学上的担忧,但大多数研究都发现了饮食和/或心理社会结果的一些积极变化,而只有两项研究评估了幸福感。因此,该领域需要进一步深入研究,以方法的严谨性为基础,以加强研究的有效性。加强儿童烹饪营养方面的证据,如果能导致广泛的干预措施,并在长期内减少对卫生系统的影响,就可能对公共卫生产生重大的有益影响。
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引用次数: 1
Nutritional content and quality of processed foods and beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. 西班牙北部三个城市的学校附近刊登了加工食品和饮料的营养成分和质量广告。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12597
Maria Del Mar Fernandez-Alvarez, Edurne Zabaleta-Del-Olmo, Judit Cachero-Rodríguez, Rubén Martin-Payo

The advertisement of food and beverages on television and social media has been widely assessed, evidencing its powerful influence on children's dietary patterns and the development of childhood obesity. However, there is a gap in the evidence about advertisements near schools. The aim of this study was to describe and classify the nutritional quality and information of processed foods and alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages advertised near schools in three cities in the north of Spain. A descriptive analysis was performed from September to December 2021 in the cities of Oviedo, Gijón and Avilés in the Principality of Asturias (Spain). The nutritional quality and information of processed foods or beverages advertised within a 500 m radius of schools were assessed. The Nutri-Score system was used for the classification of the nutritional quality of products and nutritional information, calories, fat, saturated fat, carbohydrates, sugars, protein and salt in 100 g or ml of each product was calculated. A total of 73.5% of the products were classified as "foods to eat less often and in small amounts," and 22.6% and 46.3% were classified as D or E, respectively, according to the Nutri-Score system. Finally, 57.5%, 56.4% and 78.5% of the products showed a medium to high content of fat, saturated fat and sugar, respectively. In conclusion, the food and drink advertisements surrounding schools in the assessed cities promote many products of low nutritional value, rich in fat, saturated fat and sugars, which have high obesogenic potential.

电视和社交媒体上的食品和饮料广告已被广泛评估,证明其对儿童饮食模式和儿童肥胖发展的强大影响。然而,关于学校附近广告的证据还存在差距。本研究的目的是描述和分类西班牙北部三个城市学校附近广告的加工食品、酒精和非酒精饮料的营养质量和信息。于2021年9月至12月在阿斯图里亚斯公国(西班牙)的奥维耶多、Gijón和阿维尔萨梅斯市进行了描述性分析。对学校周围500米范围内宣传的加工食品和饮料的营养质量和信息进行了评价。采用nutrition - score系统对产品的营养质量进行分类,并计算每种产品100 g或ml中的卡路里、脂肪、饱和脂肪、碳水化合物、糖、蛋白质和盐的营养信息。根据营养评分系统,共有73.5%的产品被归类为“少吃、少吃的食物”,分别有22.6%和46.3%被归类为D或E类。脂肪、饱和脂肪和糖的含量分别为57.5%、56.4%和78.5%。综上所述,被评估城市学校周围的食品和饮料广告宣传了许多营养价值低、富含脂肪、饱和脂肪和糖的产品,这些产品具有很高的致肥潜力。
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引用次数: 1
Proceedings of a roundtable event 'Workplace Diet and Health - priorities for researchers and practitioners'. “工作场所饮食与健康——研究人员和从业人员的优先事项”圆桌会议会议记录。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12605
Rachel Gibson, Jo Lewis, Annewies Hilberink, Elena Philippou, Dona Wilson, Hannah E Theobald, Kiu Sum, Deborah David, Jumanah S Alawfi, Holly J Roper, Fiyin Makinwa, Greg Lessons, Alison Clark, Natasha Maynard, Laura Viner, Wendy L Hall

Understanding how the work environment impacts health behaviours is essential to a life course approach in public health nutrition. A roundtable event 'Workplace Diet and Health - priorities for researchers and practitioners' was held by the Nutrition Society in October 2022. The overarching aims of the roundtable event were to consider (i) the relevance of nutritional wellbeing for employers and organisations, (ii) the research priorities for workplace diet and health and (iii) how researchers and practitioners can work with stakeholders in the development and testing of workplace diet and health interventions and nutritional education. Participants represented a range of stakeholders including dietetic and nutrition professionals working in workplace health, academics and science communication with an interest in workplace diet and health, non-governmental organisations and providers of workplace nutritional health and wellbeing programmes. All roundtable participants agreed that good nutrition and access to healthy food at work was part of corporate responsibility comparable to that of health and safety provision. It was recognised that nutritional wellbeing was not seen as a priority by many companies due to the complexity and wide range of employee health and wellbeing options available and the perceived lack of clear financial benefit. Three priority areas were identified and agreed upon by roundtable participants: (1) strengthening the evidence base to demonstrate the tangible benefit of nutritional wellbeing interventions in the workplace, (2) creating a knowledge exchange hub to share best practices and experiences of working across sectors and (3) expand stakeholder engagement in workplace nutritional wellbeing.

了解工作环境如何影响健康行为对于公共卫生营养的生命历程方法至关重要。营养学会于2022年10月举办了“工作场所饮食与健康——研究人员和从业人员的优先事项”圆桌会议。圆桌会议活动的总体目标是考虑(一)营养健康与雇主和组织的相关性,(二)工作场所饮食和健康的研究优先事项,以及(三)研究人员和从业人员如何与利益攸关方合作,制定和测试工作场所饮食和健康干预措施以及营养教育。与会者代表了一系列利益攸关方,包括从事工作场所健康的饮食和营养专业人员、对工作场所饮食和健康感兴趣的学者和科学传播、非政府组织和工作场所营养健康和福利方案的提供者。所有圆桌会议与会者一致认为,良好的营养和在工作场所获得健康食品是企业责任的一部分,与提供健康和安全的责任相当。人们认识到,由于员工健康和福利选择的复杂性和范围广泛,以及缺乏明确的经济效益,许多公司并未将营养健康视为优先事项。圆桌会议参与者确定并商定了三个优先领域:(1)加强证据基础,以证明工作场所营养健康干预措施的切实效益;(2)创建一个知识交流中心,以分享跨部门工作的最佳实践和经验;(3)扩大利益相关者对工作场所营养健康的参与。
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引用次数: 1
The role of diet in managing menopausal symptoms: A narrative review. 饮食在控制更年期症状中的作用:一个叙述性的回顾。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12607
Sophie Yelland, Simon Steenson, Annette Creedon, Sara Stanner

Menopause is a natural stage that occurs when women stop menstruating, during which many women experience physical and psychological symptoms that can affect their quality of life and ability to work. Dietary modifications and food supplements may be explored by some women as alternatives to hormone replacement therapy, although existing reviews and expert position statements have given this limited consideration. This narrative review summarises the current evidence for dietary patterns, and botanical and food supplements, in the management of common menopausal symptoms, including vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flushes; night sweats), changes in bodyweight and composition, psychological symptoms (depression; anxiety; cognitive changes), sleep disturbances, joint pain, skin changes and urogenital symptoms. Soy isoflavones may reduce the frequency and/or severity of VMS, although results are inconsistent, and it is unclear whether dietary and supplemental sources have comparable effects. Adopting a healthier dietary pattern may support a healthy bodyweight and benefit VMS. However, evidence suggesting dietary patterns may benefit depression, anxiety, and cognition remains largely observational. While some botanicals, such as black cohosh and St John's Wort, have been reported in some studies to alleviate symptoms (such as VMS and depression), these are not currently recommended due to uncertainty about the appropriate dose and preparation, and potential safety concerns. Evidence for other symptoms is currently too limited to draw conclusions. While further trials at different menopausal stages are needed, adopting a healthier dietary pattern in accordance with dietary guidelines is likely to help support women's health before, during and after the menopausal transition.

更年期是女性停止月经的一个自然阶段,在此期间,许多女性会经历身体和心理上的症状,这些症状会影响她们的生活质量和工作能力。一些妇女可能会探索改变饮食和补充食物作为激素替代疗法的替代品,尽管现有的评论和专家立场声明对此给予了有限的考虑。这篇叙述性综述总结了目前关于膳食模式、植物和食物补充剂在管理常见更年期症状(包括血管舒缩症状;潮热;盗汗),体重和成分的变化,心理症状(抑郁;焦虑;认知改变、睡眠障碍、关节疼痛、皮肤变化和泌尿生殖系统症状。大豆异黄酮可能降低VMS的发生频率和/或严重程度,尽管结果不一致,并且不清楚膳食来源和补充来源是否具有可比的效果。采用更健康的饮食模式可以支持健康的体重并有益于VMS。然而,表明饮食模式可能有益于抑郁、焦虑和认知的证据在很大程度上仍然是观察性的。虽然一些植物药,如黑升麻和圣约翰草,在一些研究中被报道可以缓解症状(如VMS和抑郁症),但由于不确定适当的剂量和制备,以及潜在的安全问题,目前不推荐使用这些药物。其他症状的证据目前过于有限,无法得出结论。虽然需要在不同的更年期阶段进行进一步的试验,但根据饮食指南采取更健康的饮食模式可能有助于支持妇女在更年期过渡之前、期间和之后的健康。
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引用次数: 1
Using social norm nudges in supermarket shopping trolleys to increase fruit and vegetable purchases. 在超市购物车中使用社会规范推动来增加水果和蔬菜的购买量。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12604
Greg M McGrath

Fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption is associated with a reduced risk of developing obesity and chronic diseases: however, only one in twenty Australian adults consume F&Vs at the recommended two servings of fruit and five servings of vegetables per day. What and how much people eat is influenced by their social and physical environments. Supermarkets are a key setting influencing food purchases, and as such, they can shape consumption patterns of F&Vs. Implementing effective strategies to increase F&V intake is crucial. The objective of this research was to test if shopper purchasing behaviour can be modified to purchase more F&Vs using social norm nudge messages (prompts) placed in shopping trolleys. Placards giving the message that the majority of shoppers purchased F&Vs at each shop were placed in shopping trolleys. Applying an intervention research design, 30 out of ~100 trolleys were fitted with the placards and shopper purchases were measured by collecting receipts to measure the quantity (kg), total and F&V spending (Australian dollars) for intervention versus control trolleys. We also conducted a short intercept survey that was administered independently from the research study day. Shoppers who selected trolleys with the social norm nudge placards (n = 109) purchased 1.25 kg more F&Vs (Intervention: mean = 5.45 kg, SD = 4.23 kg, 95% CI 4.65 kg, 6.26 kg vs. Control: mean 4.19 kg, SD = 3.75 kg, 95% CI 3.48 kg, 4.90 kg, p = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.32) and spent an extra $9.10 more on F&Vs compared to shoppers in the control group (n = 109; Intervention: mean = $36.20, SD = $26.30, 95% CI = $31.24, $41.26 vs. Control: mean $27.10, SD = $24.00, 95% CI = $22.50, $31.67, p = 0.008, Cohen's d = 0.36). The social norm nudge placard shows promise in modifying shoppers' purchases to buy more F&Vs. Larger studies are required to elucidate and confirm these findings over the longer term.

水果和蔬菜(F&V)的消费与减少患肥胖和慢性疾病的风险有关:然而,只有二十分之一的澳大利亚成年人按照每天推荐的两份水果和五份蔬菜的摄入量食用水果和蔬菜。人们吃什么和吃多少受到社会和物质环境的影响。超市是影响食品购买的关键场所,因此,超市可以塑造食品和餐饮的消费模式。实施有效的策略来增加食品和饮料的摄入量是至关重要的。这项研究的目的是测试购物者的购买行为是否可以通过放置在购物车中的社会规范提示信息来改变,从而购买更多的f&v。每个商店的手推车上都放置了标语牌,上面写着大多数顾客购买了食品和饮料。应用干预研究设计,约100辆手推车中有30辆安装了标牌,通过收集收据来测量干预与控制手推车的数量(公斤),总额和食品和饮料支出(澳元)。我们还进行了一项简短的拦截调查,该调查独立于研究学习日进行。选择带有社会规范轻推牌的手推车的购物者(n = 109)比对照组的购物者多购买1.25公斤的食品和饮料(干预:平均= 5.45公斤,SD = 4.23公斤,95% CI 4.65公斤,6.26公斤,对照组:平均4.19公斤,SD = 3.75公斤,95% CI 3.48公斤,4.90公斤,p = 0.020, Cohen's d = 0.32),并在食品和饮料上多花费9.10美元(n = 109;干预:意味着= 36.20美元,SD = $ 26.30, 95% CI = 31.24美元,41.26美元与控制:意思是27.10美元,SD = $ 24.00, 95% CI = 22.50美元,31.67美元,p = 0.008,科恩的d = 0.36)。社会规范推动广告牌显示出改变购物者购买更多f&v的希望。需要更大规模的研究来阐明和证实这些长期的发现。
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引用次数: 2
Knowledge and perceptions of nutrition assistance programmes among young adult students. 青年学生对营养援助计划的认识和看法。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12602
Michelle G Perry, Avery R Ashley, Lanae B Hood, Rebecca L Hagedorn-Hatfield

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the perceptions of nutrition assistance programmes among young adult students in the United States, and to identify how the current social and political climate, including the COVID-19 pandemic, has impacted these perceptions and the overall willingness of young adult students to participate in these programmes. Participants were recruited via email and social media to participate in 20-min virtual, semi-structured interviews. Twenty-three participants, between the ages of 18 and 25 years from three states in the United States were interviewed. Ten participants reported having experienced food insecurity (FI) in their lifetime, with 21 participants currently having enough food to eat, while two sometimes did not currently have enough to eat. Seven participants had utilised nutrition programmes in their lifetime. Interviews were video and audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using a six-step thematic analysis. Young adult students were largely unaware of nutrition assistance programmes and eligibility requirements but still perceived these programmes to be successful, with a higher proportion of the participants who had utilised a nutrition assistance programme in their lifetime expressing the view that they were generally successful compared to those who had never utilised one. Most were cognizant of the social stigma surrounding these programmes yet expressed a willingness to utilise them and reported an increased willingness to utilise nutrition assistance programmes as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 made young adult students aware of FI and the important role nutrition assistance programmes play in our society. Young adult students expressed the belief that the Biden administration will have a positive impact on nutrition assistance programmes but had a general hesitation to discuss politics. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased young adult students' willingness to utilise nutrition assistance programmes, although, access to these programmes remains low due to a lack of knowledge and general unawareness of programme availability and accessibility. Education is needed to improve overall knowledge of, and facilitate access to, nutrition assistance programmes while combating perceptions around stigma.

本定性研究的目的是调查美国年轻成年学生对营养援助计划的看法,并确定当前的社会和政治气候(包括COVID-19大流行)如何影响这些看法以及年轻成年学生参与这些计划的总体意愿。研究人员通过电子邮件和社交媒体招募参与者,让他们参加20分钟的半结构化虚拟面试。来自美国三个州的23名年龄在18岁到25岁之间的参与者接受了采访。10名参与者报告在他们的一生中经历过粮食不安全(FI),其中21名参与者目前有足够的食物,而两人有时没有足够的食物。7名参与者在其一生中利用了营养方案。采访是视频和音频记录,转录和编码使用六步主题分析。年轻的成年学生大多不知道营养援助计划和资格要求,但仍然认为这些计划是成功的,与那些从未使用过营养援助计划的参与者相比,在他们的一生中使用过营养援助计划的参与者中,有更高比例的人表示他们总体上是成功的。大多数人认识到围绕这些计划的社会耻辱,但仍表示愿意利用这些计划,并报告说,由于COVID-19大流行,他们更愿意利用营养援助计划。2019冠状病毒病让年轻的成年学生意识到营养援助计划以及营养援助计划在我们社会中发挥的重要作用。青年学生们表示,相信拜登政府将对营养援助事业产生积极影响,但对政治问题普遍持犹豫态度。2019冠状病毒病大流行增加了青年成人学生利用营养援助计划的意愿,尽管由于缺乏知识和普遍不了解计划的可用性和可及性,这些计划的可及性仍然很低。需要进行教育,以提高对营养援助计划的总体了解,并促进获得营养援助计划,同时消除对耻辱的看法。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of nutritional inadequacy in children aged 12-36 months: EPACI Portugal 2012. 12-36个月儿童营养不足患病率:EPACI葡萄牙2012。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12603
Margarida Nazareth, Elisabete Pinto, Milton Severo, Pedro Graça, Carla Lopes, Carla Rêgo

Adequate nutritional intake in the first years of life is crucial for future health. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of nutritional intake in Portuguese toddlers. The EPACI Portugal 2012 is a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of toddlers (n = 2230), aged between 12 and 36 months. Data on diets were collected by trained interviewers. The current analysis included 853 children with full data from 3-day food diaries completed by parents/caregivers. Intakes of energy, macro- and micronutrients were estimated through Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE). Nutritional adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Values established by the European Food Safety Authority. A large proportion of children exceeded the recommended energy intake. The median daily protein intake was 4.7 g/kg/day, five times more than that recommended. About 9% and 90% of the children consumed a lower proportion of energy than the lower limit of the Reference Intake range for carbohydrates and fat, respectively. Around a third consumed less fibre and magnesium and 100% less vitamin D than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). Almost a third consumed less vitamin A than the recommended Average Requirement (AR) and 86% of the children showed excessive sodium consumption. Portuguese toddlers consumed a low proportion of energy from fat, had energy and protein intakes above the recommendations and excessive intakes of sodium, and inadequate intakes of vitamin A. Every child consumed less than the recommended AI for vitamin D.

生命最初几年的充足营养摄入对未来的健康至关重要。本研究的目的是评估葡萄牙幼儿的营养摄入是否充足。EPACI葡萄牙2012是一项代表性样本的横断面研究(n = 2230),年龄在12至36个月之间。饮食数据由训练有素的采访者收集。目前的分析包括853名儿童,其完整数据来自父母/照顾者完成的3天饮食日记。通过统计程序评估饮食暴露(SPADE)估计能量,宏量和微量营养素的摄入量。根据欧洲食品安全局制定的膳食参考值评估营养充足性。很大一部分儿童超过了建议的能量摄入量。平均每日蛋白质摄入量为4.7克/公斤/天,是推荐摄入量的5倍。大约9%和90%的儿童摄入的能量比例分别低于碳水化合物和脂肪的参考摄入范围的下限。大约三分之一的人摄入的纤维、镁和维生素D比推荐摄入量少100% (AI)。近三分之一的儿童摄入的维生素a低于推荐的平均需求量(AR), 86%的儿童摄入过量的钠。葡萄牙幼儿从脂肪中摄取的能量比例很低,能量和蛋白质摄入量高于建议水平,钠摄入量过高,维生素a摄入量不足。每个孩子的维生素D摄入量都低于推荐的摄入量。
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引用次数: 0
Nutrition knowledge and influence on diet in the carer-client relationship in residential care settings for people with intellectual disabilities. 营养知识及其对智力残疾人士住宿照顾中照顾者与客户关系的影响。
IF 3.3 4区 医学 Q2 Medicine Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12600
Aslıhan Özdemir, Rebecca Hall, Andrew Lovell, Basma Ellahi

People with intellectual disabilities generally have poorer health outcomes compared with those who do not, including outcomes related to nutrition-related non-communicable diseases. Carers support people with intellectual disabilities in many aspects including habitual shopping and preparation of food, but their own nutrition knowledge and the influence this may have on dietary intakes of clients is unknown. We explored the nutrition knowledge of carers of people with intellectual disabilities in residential care settings, their dietary habits and their influence on clients' food shopping and preparation and therefore the diet consumed by their clients. Ninety-seven carers belonging to a large independent care sector organisation specialising in the care of people with an intellectual disability completed a validated general nutrition knowledge and behaviour questionnaire. Seventeen carers from the residential care settings were interviewed to contextualise practice. Knowledge about key dietary recommendations scored highly. Carers who had more work experience were found to have higher scores in 'making everyday food choices' (p = 0.034). Daily consumption of fruit and vegetables (at least one portion per day) was observed (for fruit by 46% of the carers and for vegetables by 60% of the carers), whilst most carers reported avoiding consuming full-fat dairy products, sugary foods and fried foods. The concept of a healthy diet; typical dietary habits of clients; role in food acquisition; and training in nutrition emerged as themes from the interviews. Carers discussed various topics including the importance of a balanced diet, cooking fresh foods and control of food portion sizes for clients relative to the care philosophy of a client-centred approach, which encapsulates client autonomy. Gaps in knowledge around specific nutrients, making healthy choices and cooking skills remain. Carers have an influence on clients' dietary choices; they are able to provide healthy meals and share good dietary habits with clients. Further training in nutrition is recommended for impact on clients' health.

智力残疾者的健康状况通常比正常人差,包括与营养有关的非传染性疾病的健康状况。护理人员在许多方面为智障人士提供支持,包括习惯性购物和准备食物,但他们自己的营养知识以及这可能对客户饮食摄入量产生的影响尚不清楚。我们探讨了智力残疾人士在住宿护理机构的护理人员的营养知识,他们的饮食习惯,以及他们对客户的食物购买和准备的影响,从而影响他们的客户的饮食。97名护理人员属于一个大型的独立护理部门组织,专门照顾智障人士,他们完成了一份有效的一般营养知识和行为问卷。17名来自住宿护理机构的护理人员接受了采访,以了解实践的背景。对关键饮食建议的了解得分很高。工作经验丰富的护理人员在“日常食物选择”方面得分更高(p = 0.034)。观察到每天食用水果和蔬菜(每天至少一份)(46%的照顾者食用水果,60%的照顾者食用蔬菜),而大多数照顾者报告避免食用全脂乳制品、含糖食品和油炸食品。健康饮食的概念;客户的典型饮食习惯;在食物获取中的作用;营养方面的培训也成为了访谈的主题。护理人员讨论了各种主题,包括平衡饮食的重要性,烹饪新鲜食物和控制食物分量,以及以客户为中心的护理理念,这包含了客户的自主权。在特定营养素、健康选择和烹饪技能方面的知识差距仍然存在。护理人员对客户的饮食选择有影响;他们能够提供健康的膳食,并与客户分享良好的饮食习惯。建议进一步进行营养方面的培训,以对客户的健康产生影响。
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Nutrition Bulletin
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