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The unity of high-stability and high-performance in two-dimensional (2D) material devices has consistently posed a fundamental challenge. Halide perovskites have shown exceptional optoelectronic properties but poor stability. Conversely, oxide perovskites exhibit exceptional stability, yet hardly achieve their high photoelectric performances. Herein, for the first time, high-stability 2D perovskite LaNb₂O₇ (LNO) is engineered for high-performance wide-temperature UV light detection and human motion detection. High-quality LNO nanosheets are prepared by solid-state calcination and liquid-phase exfoliation technique, resulting in exceptional stability against high temperature, acid, and alkali solutions. As expected, individual LNO nanosheet device achieves ultra-wide temperature (80–780 K) and ultra-high (3.7 × 10⁴ A W⁻¹ at 780 K) UV light detection. Importantly, it shows high responsivity (171 A W⁻¹), extraordinary detectivity (4 × 10¹² Jones), fast speed (0.3/97 ms), and long-term stability under ambient conditions. In addition, wafer-scale LNO film devices can be used as pixel array detectors for UV imaging, and large-area flexible LNO film devices exhibit satisfactory photodetection performance after repeated bending tests. Interestingly, LNO nanosheets also exhibit distinct piezoelectric characteristics, which can serve as high-sensitivity stress sensors for human motion detection. These encouraging results may pave the way for more innovative advances in 2D perovskite oxide materials and their diverse applications.

Solid-state Li metal battery has attracted increasing interests for its potentially high energy density and excellent safety assurance, which is a promising candidate for next generation battery system. However, the low ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transport number of solid-state polymer electrolytes limit their practical application. Herein, a composite polymer electrolyte with self-inserted structure is proposed using the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as dopant to achieve a fast Li⁺ transport channel in poly(vinylidene-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] based polymer electrolyte. In such a composite electrolyte, P(VDF-TrFE) polymer has an all-trans conformation, in which all fluorine atoms locate on one side of the polymer chain, providing fast Li⁺ transport highways. Meanwhile, the LDH can immobilize the anions of Li salts based on the electrostatic interactions, promoting the dissociation of Li salts, thereby enhancing the ionic conductivity (6.4 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) and Li⁺ transference number (0.76). The anion immobilization effect can realize uniform electric field distribution at the anode surface and suppress the dendritic Li growth. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction between LDH and polymer chains also endows the composite electrolyte with strong mechanical properties. Thus, at room temperature, the Li || Li symmetric cells can be stably cycled over 1000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm⁻², and the full cells with LiFePO₄ cathode deliver a high capacity retention (>95%) after 200 cycles. This work offers a promising route to construct solid-state polymer electrolytes with fast Li⁺ transport.

The morphology of plated lithium (MPL) metal on graphite anodes, traditionally described as “moss-like” and “dendrite-like”, exert a substantial negative influence on the performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by modulating the metal-electrolyte interface and side reaction rates. However, a systematic and quantitative analysis of MPL is lacking, impeding effective evaluation and manipulation of this detrimental issue. In this study, we transition from a qualitative analysis to a quantitative one by conducting a detailed examination of the MPL. Our findings reveal that slender lithium dendrites reduces the lifespan and safety of LIB by increasing the side reaction rates and promoting the formation of dead lithium. To further evaluate the extent of the detrimental effect of MPL, we propose the specific surface area (SSA) as a critical metric, and develop an in situ method integrating expansion force and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to estimate SSA. Finally, we introduce a pulse current protocol to manipulate hazardous MLP. Phase field model simulations and experiments demonstrate that this protocol significantly enhances the reversibility of plated lithium. This research offers a novel morphological perspective on lithium plating, providing a more detailed fundamental understanding that facilitates effective evaluation and manipulation of plated lithium, thereby enhancing the safety and extending the cycle life of LIBs.

Delocalized electron engineering of layer-structured V₂O₅ cathode is proposed to facilitate free Zn²⁺ formation and diffusion under low temperature.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) are promising as sensing materials for flexible electronics and wearable systems in artificial intelligence, tele-medicine, and internet of things (IoT). Currently, the study of 2D TMDs-based flexible strain sensors mainly focuses on improving the performance of sensitivity, response, detection resolution, cyclic stability, and so on. There are few reports on power consumption despite that it is of significant importance for wearable electronic systems. It is still challenging to effectively reduce the power consumption for prolonging the endurance of electronic systems. Herein, we propose a novel approach to realize ultra-low power consumption strain sensors by reducing the contact resistance between metal electrodes and 2D MoS₂. A dendritic bilayer MoS₂ has been designed and synthesized by a modified CVD method. Large-area edge contact has been introduced in the dendritic MoS₂, resulting in decreased the contact resistance significantly. The contact resistance can be down to 5.4 kΩ μm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the conventional MoS₂ devices. We fabricate a flexible strain sensor, exhibiting superior sensitivity in detecting strains with high resolution (0.04%) and an ultra-low power consumption (33.0 pW). This study paves the way for future wearable and flexible sensing electronics with high sensitivity and ultra-low power consumption.

Most electrocatalysts are known to experience structural change during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. Considerable endeavors have been dedicated thus far to comprehending the catalytic process and uncovering the underlying mechanism. During the dynamic evolution of catalyst structure, component leaching of electrocatalysts is the most common phenomenon. This article offers a concise overview of recent findings and developments related to the leaching phenomena in the OER process in terms of fundamental understanding of leaching, advanced characterization techniques used to investigate leaching, leaching of inactive components, and leaching of active components. Leaching behaviors and the induced effects in various kinds of OER catalysts are discussed, progress in manipulating leaching amount/degree toward a tunable surface evolution is spotlighted, and finally, three representative types of structure transformations induced by leaching metastable species in OER condition are proposed. By understanding the process of component leaching in the OER, it will provide more guidance for the rational design of superior electrocatalysts.

Electrochemical transformation processes involving carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and small-molecule chemistries represent a promising means to store renewable energy sources in the form of chemical energy. However, their widespread deployment is hindered by a lack of efficient, selective, durable, and affordable electrocatalysts. Recently, grain boundary (GB) engineering as one category of defect engineering, has emerged as a viable and powerful pathway to achieve improved electrocatalytic performances. This review presents a timely and comprehensive overview of recent advances in GB engineering for efficient electrocatalysis. The beneficial effects of introducing GBs into electrocatalysts are discussed, followed by an overview of the synthesis and characterization of GB-enriched electrocatalysts. Importantly, the latest developments in leveraging GB engineering for enhanced electrocatalysis are thoroughly examined, focusing on the electrochemical utilization cycles of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Future research directions are proposed to further advance the understanding and application of GB engineering for improved electrocatalysis.

Autonomously self-healing, reversible, and soft adhesive microarchitectures and structured electric elements could be important features in stable and versatile bioelectronic devices adhere to complex surfaces of the human body (rough, dry, wet, and vulnerable). In this study, we propose an autonomous self-healing multi-layered adhesive patch inspired by the octopus, which possess self-healing and robust adhesion properties in dry/underwater conditions. To implement autonomously self-healing octopus-inspired architectures, a dynamic polymer reflow model based on structural and material design suggests criteria for three-dimensional patterning self-healing elastomers. In addition, self-healing multi-layered microstructures with different moduli endows efficient self-healing ability, human-friendly reversible bio-adhesion, and stable mechanical deformability. Through programmed molecular behavior of microlevel hybrid multiscale architectures, the bioinspired adhesive patch exhibited robust adhesion against rough skin surface under both dry and underwater conditions while enabling autonomous adhesion restoring performance after damaged (over 95% healing efficiency under both conditions for 24 h at 30°C). Finally, we developed a self-healing skin-mountable adhesive electronics with repeated attachment and minimal skin irritation by laminating thin gold electrodes on octopus-like structures. Based on the robust adhesion and intimate contact with skin, we successfully obtained reliable measurements during dynamic motion under dry, wet, and damaged conditions.

Photothermoelectric (PTE) detectors combine photothermal and thermoelectric conversion, surmounting material band gap restrictions and limitations related to matching light wavelengths, have been widely used in telecommunication band detection. Two-dimensional (2D) materials with gate-tunable Seebeck coefficient can induce the generation of photothermal currents under illumination by the asymmetric Seebeck coefficient, making them promising candidate for PTE detectors in the telecommunication band. In this work, we report that a newly explored van der Waals (vdW) layered material, SnP₂Se₆, possessing excellent field regulation capabilities and behaviors as an ideal candidate for PTE detector implementation. With the assistance of temperature-dependent Raman characterization, the suspended atomic thin SnP₂Se₆ nanosheets reveal thickness-dependent thermal conductivity of 1.4–5.7 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at room temperature. The 2D SnP₂Se₆ demonstrates high Seebeck coefficient (S) and power factor (PF), which are estimated to be −506 μV K⁻¹ and 207 μW m⁻¹ K⁻², respectively. By effectively modulating the SnP₂Se₆ localized carrier concentration, which in turn leads to inhomogeneous Seebeck coefficients, the designed dual-gate PTE detector with 2D SnP₂Se₆ channel demonstrates wide spectral photoresponse in telecommunication bands, yielding high responsivity (R = 1.2 mA W⁻¹) and detectivity (D* = 6 × 10⁹ Jones) under 1550 nm light illumination. Our findings provide a new material platform and device configuration for the telecommunication band detection.