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Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are desirable candidates owing to their high-energy advantage for next-generation batteries. However, the practical application of LMBs continues to be constrained by thorny safety issues with the formation and growth of Li dendrites. Herein, the ZIF-67 MOFs are in situ coupled onto a single face of 3D porous nanofiber to fabricate an asymmetric Janus membrane, harnessing their anion adsorption capabilities to promote the uniform deposition of Li ions. In addition, the poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and trifluoromethyl methacrylate are introduced into nanofiber skeleton to form Janus@GPE, which preferentially reacts with Li metal to form a LiF-rich stable SEI layer to inhibit Li dendrite growth. Importantly, the synergistic effect of the MOFs and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer results in superior cycling performance, achieving a remarkable 2500 h cycling at 1 mA cm⁻² in the Li/Janus@GPE/Li configuration. In addition, the Janus@GPE electrolyte has a certain flame retardant, which can self-extinguish within 3 s, improving the safety performance of the batteries. Consequently, the Li/Janus@GPE/LFP flexible pouch cell exhibits favorable cycling stability (the capacity retention rate of 45 cycles is 91.8% at 0.1 C). This work provides new insights and strategies to improve the safety and practical utility of LMBs.

All-solid Na-ion batteries (ASNIBs) present significant potential for integration into large-scale energy storage systems, capitalizing on their abundant raw materials, exemplary safety, and high energy density. Among the pivotal components propelling the advancement of ASNIBs, inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs) have garnered substantial attention in recent years due to their high ionic conductivity (σ), wide electrochemical stability window (ESW), and high shear modulus. Herein, this review systematically encapsulates the latest strides in Na-ion ISEs, furnishing a comprehensive panorama of various ISE systems along with their interface engineering strategies against the electrodes. The prime focus resides in accentuating key strategies for refining ion conduction properties and interfacial compatibility of ISEs through structure design and interface modification. Furthermore, the review explores the foremost challenges and prospects inherent to sodium-ion ISEs, striving to deepen our understanding of how to engineer more robust and efficient ISEs and interface stability, poised for the forthcoming era of advanced ASNIBs.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have garnered significant research interest as promising next-generation energy storage technologies owing to their affordability and high level of safety. However, their restricted ionic conductivity at subzero temperatures, along with dendrite formation and subsequent side reactions, unavoidably hinder the implementation of grid-scale applications. In this study, a novel bimetallic cation-enhanced gel polymer electrolyte (Ni/Zn-GPE) was engineered to address these issues. The Ni/Zn-GPE effectively disrupted the hydrogen-bonding network of water, resulting in a significant reduction in the freezing point of the electrolyte. Consequently, the designed electrolyte demonstrates an impressive ionic conductivity of 28.70 mS cm⁻¹ at −20°C. In addition, Ni²⁺ creates an electrostatic shielding interphase on the Zn surface, which confines the sequential Zn²⁺ nucleation and deposition to the Zn (002) crystal plane. Moreover, the intrinsically high activation energy of the Zn (002) crystal plane generated a dense and dendrite-free plating/stripping morphology and resisted side reactions. Consequently, symmetrical batteries can achieve over 2700 hours of reversible cycling at 5 mA cm⁻², while the Zn || V₂O₅ battery retains 85.3% capacity after 1000 cycles at −20°C. This study provides novel insights for the development and design of reversible low-temperature zinc-ion batteries.

Solid-state Li metal battery has attracted increasing interests for its potentially high energy density and excellent safety assurance, which is a promising candidate for next generation battery system. However, the low ionic conductivity and Li⁺ transport number of solid-state polymer electrolytes limit their practical application. Herein, a composite polymer electrolyte with self-inserted structure is proposed using the layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as dopant to achieve a fast Li⁺ transport channel in poly(vinylidene-co-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] based polymer electrolyte. In such a composite electrolyte, P(VDF-TrFE) polymer has an all-trans conformation, in which all fluorine atoms locate on one side of the polymer chain, providing fast Li⁺ transport highways. Meanwhile, the LDH can immobilize the anions of Li salts based on the electrostatic interactions, promoting the dissociation of Li salts, thereby enhancing the ionic conductivity (6.4 × 10⁻⁴ S cm⁻¹) and Li⁺ transference number (0.76). The anion immobilization effect can realize uniform electric field distribution at the anode surface and suppress the dendritic Li growth. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding interaction between LDH and polymer chains also endows the composite electrolyte with strong mechanical properties. Thus, at room temperature, the Li || Li symmetric cells can be stably cycled over 1000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm⁻², and the full cells with LiFePO₄ cathode deliver a high capacity retention (>95%) after 200 cycles. This work offers a promising route to construct solid-state polymer electrolytes with fast Li⁺ transport.

Delocalized electron engineering of layer-structured V₂O₅ cathode is proposed to facilitate free Zn²⁺ formation and diffusion under low temperature.

Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs) are promising as sensing materials for flexible electronics and wearable systems in artificial intelligence, tele-medicine, and internet of things (IoT). Currently, the study of 2D TMDs-based flexible strain sensors mainly focuses on improving the performance of sensitivity, response, detection resolution, cyclic stability, and so on. There are few reports on power consumption despite that it is of significant importance for wearable electronic systems. It is still challenging to effectively reduce the power consumption for prolonging the endurance of electronic systems. Herein, we propose a novel approach to realize ultra-low power consumption strain sensors by reducing the contact resistance between metal electrodes and 2D MoS₂. A dendritic bilayer MoS₂ has been designed and synthesized by a modified CVD method. Large-area edge contact has been introduced in the dendritic MoS₂, resulting in decreased the contact resistance significantly. The contact resistance can be down to 5.4 kΩ μm, which is two orders of magnitude lower than the conventional MoS₂ devices. We fabricate a flexible strain sensor, exhibiting superior sensitivity in detecting strains with high resolution (0.04%) and an ultra-low power consumption (33.0 pW). This study paves the way for future wearable and flexible sensing electronics with high sensitivity and ultra-low power consumption.

Most electrocatalysts are known to experience structural change during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process. Considerable endeavors have been dedicated thus far to comprehending the catalytic process and uncovering the underlying mechanism. During the dynamic evolution of catalyst structure, component leaching of electrocatalysts is the most common phenomenon. This article offers a concise overview of recent findings and developments related to the leaching phenomena in the OER process in terms of fundamental understanding of leaching, advanced characterization techniques used to investigate leaching, leaching of inactive components, and leaching of active components. Leaching behaviors and the induced effects in various kinds of OER catalysts are discussed, progress in manipulating leaching amount/degree toward a tunable surface evolution is spotlighted, and finally, three representative types of structure transformations induced by leaching metastable species in OER condition are proposed. By understanding the process of component leaching in the OER, it will provide more guidance for the rational design of superior electrocatalysts.