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Based on the provided content and the theme of here is image concept that reflects the viewpoint of defect engineering in photocatalysts: Concept for Cover Design: “Defect-Mediated Charge Dynamics: Illuminating Photocatalytic Pathways” Visual Narrative: 1. Central Motif Crystalline lattice structure with a purposeful atomic vacancy (defect site) glowing at its core, representing TiO₂ or g-C₃N₄. Dual energy pathways are released by the defect: Electron(e⁻) trajectory (blue vortex) ascending toward the conduction band (CB). The red vortex, or hole (h⁺) trajectory, is descending toward the valence band (VB). 2.Dynamic Elements: Light Interaction: Sunlight beams striking the defect site and splitting into spectral flares (signaling enhanced light absorption). Charge Separation:streams of e⁻ and h⁺ diverge toward opposing edges, preventing recombination (represented as avoided collision points). Catalytic Reactions: Reduction side: e⁻ stream converting H₂O to blue H₂ bubbles. Oxidation side: pollutants and organic dyes (red) are broken down by the stream. 3. Color Palette Base: Deep cosmic blue (the bulk of a semiconductor) with neon accents (defect energy).-Bands: CB is electric blue (top), and VB is crimson gradient (bottom).-Light effects: Solar excitation produces gold-white radiance.

Artificial visual neural systems have emerged as promising candidates for overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck via integrating image perception, storage, and computation. Existing photoeletric memristor are limited by the need for specific wavelengths or long input times to maintain stable behaviour. Here, we introduce a benzothiophene-modified covalent organic framework, enhancing the photoelectric response of methyl trinuclear copper for low-voltage (0.2 V) redox processes. The material enables the modulation of 50 conductive states via light and electrical signals, improving recognition accuracy in low light, dense fog, and high-frequency motion. The ITO/BTT-Cu3/ITO device's accuracy increases from 7.1% with 2 states to 87.1% after training. This construction strategy and the synergistic effect of photoelectric interactions offer a new pathway for the development of photoelectric neuromorphic computing elements capable of processing environmental information in situ.

High-entropy oxides (HEOs) are complex oxides with a single-phase crystal structure that contains five or more principal metal cations in their lattices. The multiple elements doping and configurational entropy stabilization could bring many beneficial effects, such as improved high-temperature phase stability, ionic conductivity, and surface reactivity. Consequently, HEOs have novel prospects for the systematic design of functional oxides for diverse applications with enhanced performance. Conducting oxides, which are conductive for electrons or certain kinds of ion(s), are of particular interest among the various oxide materials. They are key materials in many electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries, electrolytes for solid-state batteries (SSBs), air electrodes, and electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs). The conductivity, stability, electrocatalytic activity, and ion storage capability of these conducting oxides determine the practical use of the corresponding devices. During the past, considerable research has been conducted towards the application of HEOs. Thus, this review seeks to provide an intensive, critical, and accessible summary of HEOs and their influence over a wide temperature range, highlighting the role of entropy-driven phase stabilization and multiple elements doping that support their distinctive characteristics. This review also rigorously delves into the core mechanisms that affect their functionality and hinder their broader implementation. It connects essential insights with practical aspects, detailing innovative strategies for conducting HEOs design and exploitability, and establishing a roadmap to expedite their shift from laboratory research to industrial applications in sustainable energy systems.

Addressing the dual challenges of global energy sustainability and dynamic optical management, we present an innovative flexible photochromic transparent fluorescent wood composite film (PT-FWF) with molecular-scale engineered design, fabricated through in situ Eu³⁺ coordination on TEMPO-oxidized cellulose scaffolds. This hierarchically structured material combines fluorescent wood film with hot-pressing, impregnation, and coating (PMMA/WO₃) to achieve multimodal optical control. PT-FWF demonstrates exceptional multifunctionality: 88% optical transparency, 107.5° ± 1.0° hydrophobicity surface, and thermal insulation (ΔT ≈ 5.5°C). A unique dual-mode photoresponsive mechanism enables through synergistic photochromic-fluorescent effects: instantaneous fluorescence under UV light and coloring/bleaching with or without light-assisted (UV or simulated sunlight). The smart window model exhibits over 90% UV-blocking efficiency, and the transmittance of the smart window can be reversibly switched between 88% and 5% under prolonged light conditions, showing a high modulation of visible light (∆T_lum = 83%) at 1030 nm, enabling simultaneous daylight optimization and energy conservation. This molecular-scale engineered wood composite defines a transformative platform for adaptive optical materials, merging energy-efficient architectural solutions with information encryption through sunlight-regulated smart windows that simultaneously enable environmental protection and anti-counterfeiting.

Reservoir computing (RC) presents a computationally efficient alternative to conventional recurrent neural networks (RNNs) for temporal-data processing. Traditional bio-inspired auditory systems often face constraints due to limited computational power and high energy consumption, which impede speech-recognition accuracy. In this work, we demonstrate high-performance ferroelectric neuromorphic devices based on TiN/WO_x/Hf_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ (HZO, 4 nm)/TiN heterostructures for constructing an artificial auditory nervous system for efficient voice recognition. The device exhibited a high remanent polarization (P_r) of approximately 20.58 μC cm^–2 at 1.8 V and endurance exceeding 10¹⁰ cycles. Density functional theory calculations and experiments confirm that the WO_x interlayer regulates oxygen vacancy formation and migration within the HZO layer. By emulating essential biological synaptic plasticity functions, such as paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation/inhibition, the ferroelectric tunnel junction-based devices can perform signal processing and neural computation within the RC framework, achieving an accuracy beyond 99% across 12 categories of everyday vocabulary voice words. These findings provide a promising pathway for developing highly reliable and energy-efficient neuromorphic artificial auditory systems.

Fiber-shaped batteries, distinguished by their unique one-dimensional architecture, offer ultra-high flexibility, remarkable stretchability, and excellent knittability, rendering them highly appealing as energy storage solutions for smart wearable fabrics. Among various fiber-shaped battery systems, aqueous zinc batteries stand out as one of the most promising candidates owing to their high specific capacity, inherent safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, the practical applicability of fiber-shaped zinc batteries (FZBs) is significantly hindered by challenges in scalable production, long-term operational stability, and seamless integration. Despite the growing interest in FZBs, a comprehensive and systematic review that critically examines the essential components, assembly configurations, manufacturing techniques, and performance-enhancing strategies is still lacking. This review aims to fill this gap by first summarizing the fundamental components of FZBs, including cathodes, anodes, electrolytes, current collectors, and encapsulation materials. It then compares the impact of various assembly configurations, including parallel, winding, coaxial, and weaving structures, on battery performance. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of diverse manufacturing techniques for fiber electrodes, including dip-coating, hydrothermal synthesis, and electrodeposition, as well as the assembly procedures ranging from manual to equipment-assisted and one-step assembly methods. In addition, this review highlights strategies for improving both electrochemical and wearable performance through material modification and structural design. It also underscores the multifunctional applications of FZBs, such as thermosensitive, fluorescent, and sweat-driven variants, along with their potential in physiological sensing and environmental monitoring. Finally, it identifies the existing barriers to FZBs commercialization, including limited energy density, complex integration processes, and unclear internal mechanisms. Based on these insights, it proposes future research directions and development initiatives to advance the field of FZBs, thereby promoting their transition from laboratory prototypes to commercial products.

Metal electrode corrosion driven by halide migration and interfacial defects remains a significant bottleneck limiting the operational stability and photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), particularly in devices with varied bandgaps. Herein, we present a multifunctional interface engineering strategy by incorporating the IL 1-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BPYBF₄) into the PCBM electron transport layer to simultaneously address these issues. The BF₄⁻ anions coordinate with the Ag⁺, forming a corrosion-resistant layer that mitigates iodine-induced degradation. Concurrently, the BPY⁺ cations react with residual PbI₂ at the perovskite surface, inducing the formation of a 1D perovskite capping layer that effectively passivates interfacial defects and suppresses ion migration. Phase-transition process during film conversion was systematically investigated, revealing a gradual transformation of residual PbI₂ into a protective 1D perovskite structure upon BPYBF₄ incorporation. Additionally, the presence of ionized PCBM enhances surface potential alignment, promoting efficient electron extraction and reducing non-radiative recombination losses. This strategy demonstrates broad applicability—not only enhancing the performance of 1.55 eV normal-bandgap PSCs but also achieving outstanding efficiency for wide-bandgap PSCs, with PCEs of 22.69% for 1.67 eV and 18.60% (certified at 17.75%) for 1.85 eV, respectively. This work provides a facile and scalable approach to simultaneously protect the electrode and stabilize the perovskite films, offering a promising strategy for varied bandgaps PSCs in both single-junction and tandem configurations.

The rapid accumulation of retired lithium-ion batteries demands sustainable recycling technologies, particularly for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cathodes, to alleviate resource constraints and curb environmental hazards posed by conventional disposal. Here, we propose a tunable pre-oxidization and microencapsulation strategy for the direct regeneration of unhomogenized spent LFP. Through controlled pre-oxidation, heterogeneous spent LFP is converted into a stoichiometric intermediate of Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ and Fe₂O₃, resetting structural heterogeneity and removing binder/carbon residues. Polarity-modified encapsulation spatially confines Li₂CO₃/PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) around intermediates by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), enabling uniform Li replenishment. Subsequently, annealing reconstructs the olivine lattice and concurrently generates an in situ carbon coating. The regenerated LFP exhibits restored crystallinity with Fe-Li antisite defects reduced from 6.1% to 1.41%, and a 5 nm in situ carbon coating, delivering a specific discharge capacity of 161 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 C with a ~30% reduction in polarization voltage, exhibiting 82% capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 2 C. This work establishes a facile pathway for LFP recycling by integrating defect correction with carbon coating in a scalable process, offering a viable solution to industrial battery reclamation and the circular economy.

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems, but practical use is limited by polysulfide (PS) shuttling and Li metal anode instability. Lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) is widely used to mitigate these issues; however, its interfacial effects across the anode, electrolyte, and cathode during operation are not fully understood. Here, operando optical microscopy with a custom side-by-side cell enables simultaneous monitoring of the Li anode, liquid electrolyte, and sulfur cathode in a single field of view under conditions with and without LiNO₃. In the absence of LiNO₃, the Li surface undergoes rough stripping and fragmented, non-coalescent deposition, accompanied by PS-induced corrosion and accumulation of parasitic byproducts at the anode-electrolyte interface. Redness Intensity (RI), introduced to quantify electrolyte-phase PS dynamics, indicates sustained transport toward the anode and delayed conversion to elemental sulfur. By contrast, LiNO₃ induces uniform Li stripping and the growth of aggregated, interconnected deposits, while mitigating PS crossover and promoting efficient sulfur crystallization at the cathode. Complementary SEM-EDS, UV–vis, XPS, TXM, and CT analyses corroborate these observations. By elucidating the multifunctional role of LiNO₃, this study clarifies the interfacial dynamics that govern Li–S battery performance.

Materials with circularly polarized (CP) lasing, featuring optical rotatory power, are attractive for various advanced optical, sensing, biological, and medical applications. In this context, chiral perovskites attract great attention owing to their superior chiral opto-electronic-magnetic properties. However, the trade-off between coherence and circularity hinders lasing in low-dimensional perovskites. Herein, we invent a novel strategy to realize three-dimensional perovskites with high chirality featuring CP laser. The strong intramolecular interaction between chiral acid and inorganic framework via ionic bonding leads to intense electronic interaction and orbital hybridization, resulting in higher asymmetric and efficient CP emission than most low-dimensional perovskites and an amplified asymmetric factor of up to 0.054 at up-threshold excitation. This pioneering advancement heralds a new era for intramolecular interaction-based stable perovskite, as well as other low-dimensional materials, opening avenues for unprecedented applications in stable-perovskite/chiral optoelectronics and beyond.