Infomat最新文献

The development of strain sensors with high stretchability and stability is an inevitable requirement for achieving full-range and long-term use of wearable electronic devices. Herein, a resistive micromesh reinforced strain sensor (MRSS) with high stretchability and stability is prepared, consisting of a laser-scribed graphene (LSG) layer and two styrene-block-poly(ethylene-ran-butylene)-block-poly-styrene micromesh layers embedded in Ecoflex. The micromesh reinforced structure endows the MRSS with combined characteristics of a high stretchability (120%), excellent stability (with a repetition error of 0.8% after 11 000 cycles), and outstanding sensitivity (gauge factor up to 2692 beyond 100%). Impressively, the MRSS can still be used continauously within the working range without damage, even if stretched to 300%. Furthermore, compared with different structure sensors, the mechanism of the MRSS with high stretchability and stability is elucidated. What's more, a multilayer finite element model, based on the layered structure of the LSG and the morphology of the cracks, is proposed to investigate the strain sensing behavior and failure mechanism of the MRSS. Finally, due to the outstanding performance, the MRSS not only performes well in monitoring full-range human motions, but also achieves intelligent recognitions of various respiratory activities and gestures assisted by neural network algorithms (the accuracy up to 94.29% and 100%, respectively). This work provides a new approach for designing high-performance resistive strain sensors and shows great potential in full-range and long-term intelligent health management and human–machine interactions applications.

A wearable sensing system that can reconstruct dynamic 3D human body models for virtual cloth fitting is highly important in the era of information and metaverse. However, few research has been conducted regarding conformal sensors for accurately measuring the human body circumferences for dynamic 3D human body reshaping. Here, we develop a stretchable spring-sheathed yarn sensor (SSYS) as a smart ruler, for precisely measuring the circumference of human bodies and long-term tracking the movement for the dynamic 3D body reconstruction. The SSYS has a robust property, high resilience, high stability (>18 000), and ultrafast response (12 ms) to external deformation. It is also washable, wearable, tailorable, and durable for long-time wearing. Moreover, geometric, and mechanical behaviors of the SSYS are systematically investigated both theoretically and experimentally. In addition, a transfer learning algorithm that bridges the discrepancy of real and virtual sensing performance is developed, enabling a small body circumference measurement error of 1.79%, noticeably lower than that of traditional learning algorithm. Furtherly, 3D human bodies that are numerically consistent with the actual bodies are reconstructed. The 3D dynamic human body reconstruction based on the wearing sensing system and transfer learning algorithm enables excellent virtual fitting and shirt customization in a smart and highly efficient manner. This wearable sensing technology shows great potential in human-computer interaction, intelligent fitting, specialized protection, sports activities, and human physiological health tracking.

Silver nanowire (AgNW) networks hold great promises as next-generation flexible transparent electrodes (FTEs) for high-performance flexible optoelectronic devices. However, achieving large-area flexible AgNW network electrodes with low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, and a smooth surface remains a grand challenge. Here, we report a straightforward and cost-effective roll-to-roll method that includes interface assembly/wetting-induced climbing transfer, nanowelding, and washing processess to fabricate flexible ordered layered AgNW electrodes with high network uniformity. By manipulating the stacking number of the interfacially assembled AgNW monolayer, we can precisely tailor and balance the transparency and the conductivity of the electrodes, achieving an exceptional Figure of Merit (FoM) value of 862. Moreover, the ordered layered structure enhances surface smoothness, compared with randomly arranged structures. To highlight the potential of these ordered layered AgNW network electrodes in flexible optoelectronic devices, we successfully employ them as highly sensitive strain sensors, large-area flexible touch screens, and flexible smart windows. Overall, this work represents a substantial advance toward high-performance FTEs over large areas, opening up exciting opportunities for the development of advanced optoelectronic devices.

Due to its non-invasive nature, ultrasound has been widely used for neuromodulation in biological systems, where its application influences the synaptic weights and the process of neurotransmitter delivery. However, such modulation has not been emulated in physical devices. Memristors are ideal electrical components for artificial synapses, but up till now they are hardly reported to respond to ultrasound signals. Here we design and fabricate a HfO_x-based memristor on 64°Y-X LiNbO₃ single crystal substrate, and successfully realize artificial synapses modulation by shear-horizontal surface acoustic wave (SH-SAW). It is a prominent short-term resistance modulation, where ultrasound has been shown to cause resistance drop for various resistance states, which could fully recover after the ultrasound is shut off. The physical mechanism illustrates that ultrasound induced polarization potential in the HfO_x dielectric layer acts on the Schottky barrier, leading to the resistance drop. The emulation of neuron firing frequency modulation through ultrasound signals is demonstrated. Moreover, the joint application of ultrasound and electric voltage yields fruitful functionalities, such as the enhancement of resistance window and synaptic plasticity through ultrasound application. All these promising results provide a new strategy for artificial synapses modulation, and also further advance neuromorphic devices toward system applications.

The cover image focuses on a new class of solid electrolytes termed frameworked electrolytes, where the “macroscopically solid” frameworks are purposely laden with 3D ionic channels in the sub-nano scales, giving rise to both a high ionic conductivity and a desirable interface with the electrode solids. The authors demonstrate a zeolite framework structure based frameworked electrolyte with superior ion diffusion kinetics, which ensures the design of high-performance all solid state battery running at room temperature. It is confident that the emergence of frameworked electrolyte serves as a powerful motivator for embarking on a new expedition to design the next-generation battery for EVs or portable electronics in the future.

A dual-logic-in-memory device is demonstrated through a single bidirectional polarization-integrated 2D ferroelectric field-effect transistor.

In the process of photocatalytic synthesis of ammonia, the kinetics of carrier separation and transport, adsorption of nitrogen, and activation of the NN triple bond are key factors that directly affect the efficiency of converting nitrogen to ammonia. Here, we report a new strategy for anchoring MXene quantum dots (MXene QDs) onto the surface of ZnIn₂S₄ by forming TiS bonds, which provide a channel for the rapid separation and transport of charge carriers and effectively extend the lifespan of photogenerated carriers. The unique charge distribution caused by the sulfurization of the MXene QDs further enhances the performance of the photocatalysts for the adsorption and activation of nitrogen. The photocatalytic ammonia synthesis efficiency of MXene QDs–ZnIn₂S₄ can reach up to 360.5 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹. Density functional theory calculations, various in situ techniques, and ultrafast spectroscopy are used to characterize the successful construction of TiS bonds and the dynamic nature of excited state charge carriers in MXene QDs–ZnIn₂S₄, as well as their impact on nitrogen adsorption activation and photocatalytic ammonia synthesis efficiency. This study provides a new example of how to improve nitrogen adsorption and activation in photocatalytic material systems and enhance charge carrier dynamics to achieve efficient photocatalytic nitrogen conversion.

Due to their unique photoelectric properties, nontoxic tin-based perovskites are emerging candidates for efficient near-infrared LEDs. However, the facile oxidation of Sn²⁺ and the rapid crystallization rate of tin-based perovskites result in suboptimal film quality, leading to inferior efficiencies of tin-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (Pero-LEDs). In this study, we investigate the influence of commonly used solvents on the quality of the CsSnI₃ films. Remarkably, DMSO exhibits a stronger interaction with SnI₂, forming a stable intermediate phase of SnI₂·3DMSO. This intermediate effectively inhibits the oxidation of Sn²⁺ and slows down the crystallization rate, bringing in lower defect state density and higher photoluminescence quantum yield of the prepared perovskite films. Consequently, the corresponding Pero-LEDs achieve a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 5.6%, among the most efficient near-infrared Pero-LEDs. In addition, the device processes ultra-low efficiency roll-off and high reproducibility. Our research underscores the crucial role of solvent-perovskite coordination in determining film quality. These findings offer valuable guidance for screening solvents to prepare highly efficient and stable tin-based perovskites.

Optoelectronic logic gates have emerged as one of the key candidates for the creation of next generation logic devices. However, current optoelectronic logic gates can provide only one or two logic gates, severely limiting their applications. Here we report a self-powered and mechanically flexible device based on a BaTiO₃ ferroelectric film to produce multi-modal logic gates. By exploiting the photo-induced photovoltaic and pyroelectric effects of a Schottky junction which is created between BaTiO₃ and LaNiO₃, the device is able to provide five different optoelectronic logic gates, which can be operated using input lasers of different wavelength (405 or 785 nm). The mode of operation of the logic gate can be switched by controlling the wavelength and intensity of the input laser, where the switching process is both lossless and reversible. A logic gate array was designed to conduct the five logic operations, with 100% accuracy, thereby providing application potential for the Internet of Things, big data, and secure solutions for data processing and transmission.

Over the last decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have drawn extensive attention owing to their high power conversion efficiency (single junction: 26.1%, perovskite/silicon tandem: 33.9%) and low fabrication cost. However, the short lifespan of PSCs with initial efficiency still blocks their practical applications. This operational instability may originate from the intrinsic and extrinsic degradation of materials or devices. Although the lifetime of PSCs has been prolonged through component, crystal, defect, interface, encapsulation engineering, and so on, the systematic analysis of failure regularity for PSCs from the perspective of materials and devices against multiple operating stressors is indispensable. In this review, we start with elaboration of the predominant degradation pathways and mechanism for PSCs under working stressors. Then the strategies for improving long-term durability with respect to fundamental materials, interface designs, and device encapsulation have been summarized. Meanwhile, the key results have been discussed to understand the limitation of assessing PSCs stability, and the potential applications in indoor photovoltaics and wearable electronics are demonstrated. Finally, promising proposals, encompassing material processing, film formation, interface strengthening, structure designing, and device encapsulation, are provided to improve the operational stability of PSCs and promote their commercialization.