Statistics show that 60-70% of the country's population has a constant deficiency of essential substances, especially vitamin C, 40-60% have a lack of ?-carotene, 30-40% of the population suffer from a lack of vitamins of groups B and E, and in several regions a serious lack of selenium, iodine and fiber has been identified. One of the possible solutions is the selection of promising sources of meat raw materials with high hygienic, functional and technological indicators and the development of functional meat products using antioxidants of vegetable origin and dietary fiber.
{"title":"Study of effect of antioxidants and dietary fibres on microbiological and physico-chemical properties of meat semi-finished products","authors":"Irina Sergeevna Kiseleva, Natalia Vladimirovna Gorbunova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp179-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp179-183","url":null,"abstract":"Statistics show that 60-70% of the country's population has a constant deficiency of essential substances, especially vitamin C, 40-60% have a lack of ?-carotene, 30-40% of the population suffer from a lack of vitamins of groups B and E, and in several regions a serious lack of selenium, iodine and fiber has been identified. One of the possible solutions is the selection of promising sources of meat raw materials with high hygienic, functional and technological indicators and the development of functional meat products using antioxidants of vegetable origin and dietary fiber.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"42 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp66-73
Vera Alekseevna Svirina, Vitaly Gennadievich Chernogaev
As a result of research for the third rotation of crop rotation (2008-2015), conducted on the basis of the ISA - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNAC VIM in the conditions of the Ryazan region, the influence of various tillage technologies on the fertility of podzolized chernozem, weediness of crops and productivity of crop rotation crops was established. The smallest number of weeds was observed in the variants with combined treatments - up to 11.2-12.9 pcs/m? against the background of the use of herbicides and 21.3-19.6 pcs/m? against the unprotected background, which is lower compared to the control by 19.4-7.2 % in variants with protection and by 28.3-34.0 % in variants without protection. Also in these variants, a decrease in the wet weight of weeds was observed - by 13.5-15.2 % against the background with herbicides, respectively, while against the background without protection, an increase in wet weight was observed by 21.6-11.8 %, respectively. With flat-cut tillage, an increase in weed infestation to 16.2 pcs/m? with herbicides and 37.9 pcs/m? on an untreated background, as well as a wet weight of weeds up to 110.4-108.2 g/m?, respectively, was noted. The maximum amount of digestible forms of nitrate nitrogen is observed when using deep combined treatments up to 7.5-8.1 mg/kg of soil. The greatest increase in the content of humus in the soil layer of 0-30 cm was noted according to the results of the use of 2-tier tillage – up to 3.99 %, which exceeds the initial value by 0.38 %. The highest yield was obtained when using different-depth treatments – 5.19 t/ha without protection and 5.45-5.52 t/ha with the use of herbicides. The maximum productivity of grain crops was also obtained in variants with combined treatments and amounts to 5.93 thousand feed units/ha against the background without protection, and 6.50 thousand feed units/ha against the background of chemicalization.
{"title":"The influence of various tillage technologies on soil fertility, weed infestation and crop productivity in crop rotation","authors":"Vera Alekseevna Svirina, Vitaly Gennadievich Chernogaev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp66-73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i10pp66-73","url":null,"abstract":"As a result of research for the third rotation of crop rotation (2008-2015), conducted on the basis of the ISA - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FNAC VIM in the conditions of the Ryazan region, the influence of various tillage technologies on the fertility of podzolized chernozem, weediness of crops and productivity of crop rotation crops was established. The smallest number of weeds was observed in the variants with combined treatments - up to 11.2-12.9 pcs/m? against the background of the use of herbicides and 21.3-19.6 pcs/m? against the unprotected background, which is lower compared to the control by 19.4-7.2 % in variants with protection and by 28.3-34.0 % in variants without protection. Also in these variants, a decrease in the wet weight of weeds was observed - by 13.5-15.2 % against the background with herbicides, respectively, while against the background without protection, an increase in wet weight was observed by 21.6-11.8 %, respectively. With flat-cut tillage, an increase in weed infestation to 16.2 pcs/m? with herbicides and 37.9 pcs/m? on an untreated background, as well as a wet weight of weeds up to 110.4-108.2 g/m?, respectively, was noted. The maximum amount of digestible forms of nitrate nitrogen is observed when using deep combined treatments up to 7.5-8.1 mg/kg of soil. The greatest increase in the content of humus in the soil layer of 0-30 cm was noted according to the results of the use of 2-tier tillage – up to 3.99 %, which exceeds the initial value by 0.38 %. The highest yield was obtained when using different-depth treatments – 5.19 t/ha without protection and 5.45-5.52 t/ha with the use of herbicides. The maximum productivity of grain crops was also obtained in variants with combined treatments and amounts to 5.93 thousand feed units/ha against the background without protection, and 6.50 thousand feed units/ha against the background of chemicalization.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135219022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp52-58
Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova
In the semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region in 2020-2022, studies on agroecological variety testing of promising winter triticale varieties were conducted on the rainfed field of the Pre-Caspian Arid Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is to determine the parameters of adaptability of highly productive varieties of winter triticale for cultivation in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea. There were five varieties of domestic selection in the work (Testament, Zimogor, PRAG-152, Sergius and Forte). Records, observations and analyses were carried out according to the methodology of the State Audit, the methodology of B.A. Dospekhov was used for statistical processing; the methodology of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell was used to calculate the parameters of adaptability, as presented by V.A. Zykin and others. The article presents the parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties in years with varying degrees of moisture: regression coefficient (bi), variance (HCP05), stress resistance (Ymin - Ymax), genetic flexibility (Ymax+Ymin)/2), stability (S2i). Depending on the behavior of varieties in various meteorological growing conditions, a promising high-yielding (2.64 t/ha) winter triticale Forte variety with high genetic flexibility (2.57) was identified. The selected Forte variety has good plasticity (the linear regression coefficient is above one - 1.13) and genetic stability (S2i = 0.006), therefore it can be recommended for industrial cultivation in difficult arid conditions of the semi-desert of the Northern Caspian.
{"title":"Adaptive potential of winter triticale varieties in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian","authors":"Valentina Aleksandrovna Fedorova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp52-58","url":null,"abstract":"In the semi-desert zone of the north-west of the Astrakhan region in 2020-2022, studies on agroecological variety testing of promising winter triticale varieties were conducted on the rainfed field of the Pre-Caspian Arid Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The purpose of the research is to determine the parameters of adaptability of highly productive varieties of winter triticale for cultivation in arid conditions of the Northern Caspian Sea. There were five varieties of domestic selection in the work (Testament, Zimogor, PRAG-152, Sergius and Forte). Records, observations and analyses were carried out according to the methodology of the State Audit, the methodology of B.A. Dospekhov was used for statistical processing; the methodology of S.A. Eberhart and W.A. Russell was used to calculate the parameters of adaptability, as presented by V.A. Zykin and others. The article presents the parameters of adaptability of the studied varieties in years with varying degrees of moisture: regression coefficient (bi), variance (HCP05), stress resistance (Ymin - Ymax), genetic flexibility (Ymax+Ymin)/2), stability (S2i). Depending on the behavior of varieties in various meteorological growing conditions, a promising high-yielding (2.64 t/ha) winter triticale Forte variety with high genetic flexibility (2.57) was identified. The selected Forte variety has good plasticity (the linear regression coefficient is above one - 1.13) and genetic stability (S2i = 0.006), therefore it can be recommended for industrial cultivation in difficult arid conditions of the semi-desert of the Northern Caspian.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article considers the results of a laboratory study of the use of experimental preparations Inoculant 1 and Inoculant 2, containing live bacteria and their combinations, in the preparation of silage from the green mass of alfalfa of foreign selection in the budding phase. The mass fraction of moisture, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), as well as the concentration of the mass fraction of organic acids (lactic, acetic and butyric) were determined. The positive influence of the consortium of microorganisms in the preservation of nutrients and energy of the finished silage has been established. Elevated indicators of dry matter and metabolic energy in experimental samples were revealed, the concentration of which is significantly higher than the control ones in terms of dry matter - by 1.55 and 1.69%, in terms of metabolic energy - by 2.60 and 1.38%.
{"title":"Ensiling alfalfa of foreign selection with experimental biological preparations","authors":"Irek Tagirovich Bikchantaev, Shamil Kasimovich Shakirov, Evgeny Olegovich Krupin","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp71-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp71-75","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the results of a laboratory study of the use of experimental preparations Inoculant 1 and Inoculant 2, containing live bacteria and their combinations, in the preparation of silage from the green mass of alfalfa of foreign selection in the budding phase. The mass fraction of moisture, crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), as well as the concentration of the mass fraction of organic acids (lactic, acetic and butyric) were determined. The positive influence of the consortium of microorganisms in the preservation of nutrients and energy of the finished silage has been established. Elevated indicators of dry matter and metabolic energy in experimental samples were revealed, the concentration of which is significantly higher than the control ones in terms of dry matter - by 1.55 and 1.69%, in terms of metabolic energy - by 2.60 and 1.38%.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In studies conducted on the territory of a farm belonging to the Novgorod Research Institute on Ayrshire cows during lactation, the use of plants with medicinal properties – crushed leaves of stinging nettle and fruits of red mountain ash for forcing the excretion of cesium and potassium radionuclides through the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys was studied. Seven groups of cows were selected for the research (n = 10 in each). For animals of the first three groups, in addition to the main feed, crushed nettle leaves were used (5, 10 and 30 g/head/day), for the next three groups, crushed rowan berries (5, 10 and 30 g/head/day) were used. For animals of the control group, a set of feeds was used, established and adjusted for this farm. It was found that when using herbal supplements in the diet, the concentration of caesium-137 in the urine of animals of all experimental groups significantly exceeded the control indicators. The content of potassium-40 in the urine of the fourth experimental group exceeds the control by 43%, in the rest the indicator is stable. In the feces of cows of the experimental groups, there is a significant increase in the concentration of both caesium-137 (from 31 to 136% relative to the control) and potassium-40 (from 24 to 166%). Accordingly, the release of radionuclides by the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys in the experimental groups is more active, relative to the indicators of the control groups. In some cases, more radionuclides were excreted than were ingested with food.
{"title":"The use of medicinal plants in the diets of lactating cows","authors":"Tatiana Borisovna Lashkova, Galina Vasilievna Petrova","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp102-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp102-106","url":null,"abstract":"In studies conducted on the territory of a farm belonging to the Novgorod Research Institute on Ayrshire cows during lactation, the use of plants with medicinal properties – crushed leaves of stinging nettle and fruits of red mountain ash for forcing the excretion of cesium and potassium radionuclides through the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys was studied. Seven groups of cows were selected for the research (n = 10 in each). For animals of the first three groups, in addition to the main feed, crushed nettle leaves were used (5, 10 and 30 g/head/day), for the next three groups, crushed rowan berries (5, 10 and 30 g/head/day) were used. For animals of the control group, a set of feeds was used, established and adjusted for this farm. It was found that when using herbal supplements in the diet, the concentration of caesium-137 in the urine of animals of all experimental groups significantly exceeded the control indicators. The content of potassium-40 in the urine of the fourth experimental group exceeds the control by 43%, in the rest the indicator is stable. In the feces of cows of the experimental groups, there is a significant increase in the concentration of both caesium-137 (from 31 to 136% relative to the control) and potassium-40 (from 24 to 166%). Accordingly, the release of radionuclides by the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys in the experimental groups is more active, relative to the indicators of the control groups. In some cases, more radionuclides were excreted than were ingested with food.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp15-21
Dmitry Vladmirovich Mitrofanov
The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of agrometeorological factors (temperature, precipitation, dry weather), soil moisture, agrofon nutrition and precursor on the yield of barley in crop rotations and permanent sowing. The research is carried out from 2017 to 2022 on southern chernozems in the central zone of the Orenburg region. The scheme of the experiment consists of six options for growing barley on a fertilized and natural agrofone of a stationary experimental site for multi-fields and monocultures, laid down in 1990. The following methods of research are used in the experiments: field, thermostatic-weight method and dispersion analysis. As a result of observations, the air temperature during the growing season of barley is 20.7 ° C, precipitation – 111-112 mm, dry days – 68. The hydrothermal coefficient is 0.5 units, which characterizes the growing season as medium dry. The level of spring soil moisture in the meter layer of soil is from 97.0 to 123.8 mm in all variants of the experiment. In the second variant of the experiment, an increase in the yield of barley is observed in the aftereffect of millet and on the fertilized agrophone is 1.65 t, on the natural one – 1.51 t / ha. The yield of barley of the other variants is in the range from 1.26 to 1.61 t/ha. There is an increase in grain from mineral fertilizers by 0.03-0.27 tons for all variants of sowing barley. The best effect of atmospheric precipitation, spring reserves of soil moisture, precursors, mineral fertilizers on the yield of barley in the aftereffect of millet, peas and durum wheat in crop rotations has been established. The reasons for the decrease in the yield of permanent sowing of barley have been identified. The results of the study are of crucial importance in the development of agriculture and the production of feed grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.
研究的目的是确定农业气象因素(温度、降水、干旱天气)、土壤水分、农肥营养和前体对轮作和常播大麦产量的影响。该研究于2017年至2022年在奥伦堡地区中心区的南部黑钙土上进行。试验方案包括在1990年制定的固定多田单一栽培试验场地的施肥和天然agrofone上种植大麦的六种选择。实验采用了现场法、静压法和色散分析法等研究方法。经观测，大麦生长季节气温20.7℃，降水量- 111 ~ 112毫米，干旱天数- 68天。水热系数为0.5单位，生长季节为中等干燥。各试验变量土壤米层春季土壤水分水平在97.0 ~ 123.8 mm之间。在试验的第二个变体中，在谷子的后效中观察到大麦的产量增加，在施肥的农稻上为1.65 t /公顷，在天然农稻上为1.51 t /公顷。其他品种的大麦产量在1.26 ~ 1.61吨/公顷之间。在所有品种的大麦中，矿物肥料增加了0.03-0.27吨的谷物。在谷子、豌豆和硬粒小麦轮作后效期，确定了大气降水、春季土壤水分储备、前体、矿质肥料对大麦产量的最佳影响。查明了大麦常播产量下降的原因。研究结果对南乌拉尔草原区农业发展和饲料粮食生产具有重要意义。
{"title":"The impact of abiotic and key environmental factors on barley yield","authors":"Dmitry Vladmirovich Mitrofanov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp15-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp15-21","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to determine the influence of agrometeorological factors (temperature, precipitation, dry weather), soil moisture, agrofon nutrition and precursor on the yield of barley in crop rotations and permanent sowing. The research is carried out from 2017 to 2022 on southern chernozems in the central zone of the Orenburg region. The scheme of the experiment consists of six options for growing barley on a fertilized and natural agrofone of a stationary experimental site for multi-fields and monocultures, laid down in 1990. The following methods of research are used in the experiments: field, thermostatic-weight method and dispersion analysis. As a result of observations, the air temperature during the growing season of barley is 20.7 ° C, precipitation – 111-112 mm, dry days – 68. The hydrothermal coefficient is 0.5 units, which characterizes the growing season as medium dry. The level of spring soil moisture in the meter layer of soil is from 97.0 to 123.8 mm in all variants of the experiment. In the second variant of the experiment, an increase in the yield of barley is observed in the aftereffect of millet and on the fertilized agrophone is 1.65 t, on the natural one – 1.51 t / ha. The yield of barley of the other variants is in the range from 1.26 to 1.61 t/ha. There is an increase in grain from mineral fertilizers by 0.03-0.27 tons for all variants of sowing barley. The best effect of atmospheric precipitation, spring reserves of soil moisture, precursors, mineral fertilizers on the yield of barley in the aftereffect of millet, peas and durum wheat in crop rotations has been established. The reasons for the decrease in the yield of permanent sowing of barley have been identified. The results of the study are of crucial importance in the development of agriculture and the production of feed grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135924027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp4-14
Irina Olegovna Gazdanova, Timur Akhsarbekovich Morgoev
The results of field experiments on the study of domestic and foreign varieties of potatoes of different ripeness groups in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania are presented. According to the results obtained, it should be noted that potato varieties of different ripeness groups showed a significant discrepancy in the yield and marketability of tubers, as well as in the accumulation of the crop. The maximum yield in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania was noted in the mid-ripening Getsby variety (43.3 t/ha). According to a number of biochemical indicators, potato varieties were distinguished: according to the content of vitamin C (> 13 mg%), the varieties Zhukovsky ranny, Vineta, Forward, Memphis, Jelly, Alvaro, Romano, Innovator, Fritella, Red Lady were distinguished. Weather conditions 2020-2022 in all tested varieties, the starch content varied within 12.8-21.0%.
{"title":"Economic value of potato varieties of different ripeness groups when grown in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania","authors":"Irina Olegovna Gazdanova, Timur Akhsarbekovich Morgoev","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp4-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp4-14","url":null,"abstract":"The results of field experiments on the study of domestic and foreign varieties of potatoes of different ripeness groups in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania are presented. According to the results obtained, it should be noted that potato varieties of different ripeness groups showed a significant discrepancy in the yield and marketability of tubers, as well as in the accumulation of the crop. The maximum yield in the conditions of North Ossetia-Alania was noted in the mid-ripening Getsby variety (43.3 t/ha). According to a number of biochemical indicators, potato varieties were distinguished: according to the content of vitamin C (> 13 mg%), the varieties Zhukovsky ranny, Vineta, Forward, Memphis, Jelly, Alvaro, Romano, Innovator, Fritella, Red Lady were distinguished. Weather conditions 2020-2022 in all tested varieties, the starch content varied within 12.8-21.0%.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp134-138
Natalia Ivanovna Ovchinnikova, Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Bonnet, Anna Viktorovna Kosareva, Marija Aleksandrovna Bykova, Yakov Vyacheslavovich Bonnet
According to agrotechnical requirements, the technological process of potato harvesting should be carried out in a short period, with minimal losses of the grown yield and preservation of its quality. The fulfillment of these requirements depends on the organization of harvesting operations, the qualifications of employees, the technologies involved, the technical aids used, as well as natural and climatic conditions. Based on this, the authors propose to consider the potato harvesting process as the functioning system "man-machine-environment-transport", the main evaluation indicator of which is its reliability, determined by the probability of reliable operation of the system. Basing on the method of time-lapse observations, the analysis of the time characteristics of the operational and inoperable states of the system arising from the reasons of the "failure" elements included to it is carried out. Experimental studies were conducted during three harvesting seasons in the training farm of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University using a potato harvesting unit PPC-2-01+МТZ-80 by direct combining. Statistical processing of the empirical data obtained enabled to reveal a number of regularities in the reliability indicators of the potato harvesting process and quantify the unproductive time waste during the working day when performing managerial, technical and technological functions.
{"title":"Statistical evaluation of reliability indicators of potato harvesting process","authors":"Natalia Ivanovna Ovchinnikova, Vyacheslav Vladimirovich Bonnet, Anna Viktorovna Kosareva, Marija Aleksandrovna Bykova, Yakov Vyacheslavovich Bonnet","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp134-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp134-138","url":null,"abstract":"According to agrotechnical requirements, the technological process of potato harvesting should be carried out in a short period, with minimal losses of the grown yield and preservation of its quality. The fulfillment of these requirements depends on the organization of harvesting operations, the qualifications of employees, the technologies involved, the technical aids used, as well as natural and climatic conditions. Based on this, the authors propose to consider the potato harvesting process as the functioning system \"man-machine-environment-transport\", the main evaluation indicator of which is its reliability, determined by the probability of reliable operation of the system. Basing on the method of time-lapse observations, the analysis of the time characteristics of the operational and inoperable states of the system arising from the reasons of the \"failure\" elements included to it is carried out. Experimental studies were conducted during three harvesting seasons in the training farm of the Irkutsk State Agrarian University using a potato harvesting unit PPC-2-01+МТZ-80 by direct combining. Statistical processing of the empirical data obtained enabled to reveal a number of regularities in the reliability indicators of the potato harvesting process and quantify the unproductive time waste during the working day when performing managerial, technical and technological functions.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp120-127
Olga Valerievna Naumova, Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Karpov
The purpose of the presented work is to develop a technology and a small–sized device for producing electrolytic sodium hypochlorite of high activity with respect to biofactors, safe to handle and negative impact on the environment. The implementation of the electrochemical method of obtaining consists in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride or seawater in an electrolyzer pretreated with high-voltage discharge pulses. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the yield of electrolysis products and the reactivity of sodium hypochlorite due to the structural adjustment of both water and sodium chloride molecules. A portable low-power device for the production of hypochlorite in farms, characterized by multifunctional use, has been developed for disinfection, disinfection and deratization. The novelty of the work is confirmed by the need to develop a technology for obtaining a disinfectant by activating water with a high-voltage discharge, which improves the quality of hypochlorite for disinfection of water, organic waste from animal husbandry, pig and poultry farming, grain storage and pest control of agricultural and fruit and vegetable crops.
{"title":"Features of the use of sodium hypochlorite in agriculture. Technology of solution preparation in a small-sized mobile device","authors":"Olga Valerievna Naumova, Mikhail Vyacheslavovich Karpov","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp120-127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp120-127","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the presented work is to develop a technology and a small–sized device for producing electrolytic sodium hypochlorite of high activity with respect to biofactors, safe to handle and negative impact on the environment. The implementation of the electrochemical method of obtaining consists in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride or seawater in an electrolyzer pretreated with high-voltage discharge pulses. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the yield of electrolysis products and the reactivity of sodium hypochlorite due to the structural adjustment of both water and sodium chloride molecules. A portable low-power device for the production of hypochlorite in farms, characterized by multifunctional use, has been developed for disinfection, disinfection and deratization. The novelty of the work is confirmed by the need to develop a technology for obtaining a disinfectant by activating water with a high-voltage discharge, which improves the quality of hypochlorite for disinfection of water, organic waste from animal husbandry, pig and poultry farming, grain storage and pest control of agricultural and fruit and vegetable crops.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-25DOI: 10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp39-45
Albina Akhurbekovna Tedeeva, Victoria Vitalievna Tedeeva
The authors present the results of the use of growth biological preparations on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the study is to increase the yield of winter crops with high quality indicators of food grain through the use of biological products - Edagum SM (450 ml/ha); Furolan Zh (5.1 ml/ha); Vitazim BP (1.0l/ha). Novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the steppe zone, the scientific basis for the use of biological agents aimed at improving the quality and yield of winter wheat has been developed. Methodology. The research was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental fields of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the Mozdok region of North Ossetia-Alania. The soils of the experimental plot are carbonate-chestnut. In terms of mechanical composition, they are classified as heavy loamy coarse silt. The chemical composition of chestnut calcareous soils is quite favorable for the cultivation of agricultural crops. The content of humus, depending on the mechanical composition, ranges from 2.22 to 3.45 %. The introduction of growth regulators made it possible to obtain a high yield with quality indicators of grain. The use of the biological product Edagum SM, in terms of yield, turned out to be the best, where the increase in comparison with the control for the Grom variety was 1.31 t/ha, Furolan Zh - 0.99 t/ha, Vitazim VR - 0.69 t/ha. For the Yumpa variety - 1.35 t/ha, 0.99, 0.77 t/ha, respectively. By treating plants with biological preparations, the quality indicators of winter wheat grain are improved, where the gluten content of the studied varieties increases by 4.4 %, the increase in gluten with the use of Furolan Zh biological preparations by 4.0 % and Vitazim VR by 1.2 %. Using the drug Edagum SM profitability increased by 48 %, Furolan Zh increased the level of profitability by 35.7 %, Vitazim VR by 17.7 %. For the Yumpa variety, when growth regulators are introduced, the level of profitability increases from 24.3 to 50.3 % compared to the control.
{"title":"Technology of cultivation of winter wheat in the steppe zone of RNO-Alania","authors":"Albina Akhurbekovna Tedeeva, Victoria Vitalievna Tedeeva","doi":"10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2023i9pp39-45","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present the results of the use of growth biological preparations on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the study is to increase the yield of winter crops with high quality indicators of food grain through the use of biological products - Edagum SM (450 ml/ha); Furolan Zh (5.1 ml/ha); Vitazim BP (1.0l/ha). Novelty. For the first time in the conditions of the steppe zone, the scientific basis for the use of biological agents aimed at improving the quality and yield of winter wheat has been developed. Methodology. The research was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental fields of the Vladikavkaz Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the Mozdok region of North Ossetia-Alania. The soils of the experimental plot are carbonate-chestnut. In terms of mechanical composition, they are classified as heavy loamy coarse silt. The chemical composition of chestnut calcareous soils is quite favorable for the cultivation of agricultural crops. The content of humus, depending on the mechanical composition, ranges from 2.22 to 3.45 %. The introduction of growth regulators made it possible to obtain a high yield with quality indicators of grain. The use of the biological product Edagum SM, in terms of yield, turned out to be the best, where the increase in comparison with the control for the Grom variety was 1.31 t/ha, Furolan Zh - 0.99 t/ha, Vitazim VR - 0.69 t/ha. For the Yumpa variety - 1.35 t/ha, 0.99, 0.77 t/ha, respectively. By treating plants with biological preparations, the quality indicators of winter wheat grain are improved, where the gluten content of the studied varieties increases by 4.4 %, the increase in gluten with the use of Furolan Zh biological preparations by 4.0 % and Vitazim VR by 1.2 %. Using the drug Edagum SM profitability increased by 48 %, Furolan Zh increased the level of profitability by 35.7 %, Vitazim VR by 17.7 %. For the Yumpa variety, when growth regulators are introduced, the level of profitability increases from 24.3 to 50.3 % compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":485427,"journal":{"name":"Аграрный научный журнал","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135925235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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