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Policy approaches to decarbonising the transport sector in Aotearoa New Zealand: modelling equity, population health, and health-system effects 新西兰奥特亚罗瓦交通部门去碳化的政策方法:公平、人口健康和健康系统效应建模
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00171-2
Caroline Shaw PhD , Anja Mizdrak DPhil , Ryan Gage MPH , Melissa McLeod PhD , Rhys Jones MPH , Prof Alistair Woodward PhD , Linda Cobiac PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Health co-benefits are a key potential advantage of transport decarbonisation policy. However, health effects will occur in the context of existing transport–health inequities and decarbonisation policies will themselves affect inequities. This research examines the effects of national decarbonisation pathways for transport on population health, health inequity, and health-system costs in Aotearoa New Zealand.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We modelled the health, health-system, and environmental impacts of two pathways to net zero for transport developed by the New Zealand Climate Change Commission using a proportional multistate lifetable model. The behaviour pathway emphasises a mixed approach, including reduced driving, increased cycling and use of public transport, and light vehicle electrification, and the technology pathway focuses on vehicle electrification. We used data from transport, environmental, population health, and health-care sources to populate the model. We simulated changes in health effects through the pathways of physical activity, air pollution (PM<sub>2·5</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub>), and injury for the Aotearoa New Zealand population from 2018 to 2050. We modelled impacts for Māori (the Indigenous People of Aotearoa) and non-Māori. For each pathway to net zero, we calculated changes in overall health-adjusted life-years (HALYs), age-standardised HALYs, and rate ratios for Māori and non-Māori. We also calculated changes in health-system costs and transport greenhouse gas emissions. 95% uncertainty intervals (95% UIs) were derived for all model outputs by use of a Monte Carlo simulation.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Both pathways show improvements in population health, reductions in health-system costs, and reduced lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions compared with baseline, although health gains were substantially larger in the behaviour pathway. For example, an extra 2100 HALYs (95% UI 1500–3100) were gained in the behaviour scenario compared with baseline. Health gains were 20–30% larger for Māori than non-Māori in both pathways, although more HALYs were gained by Māori in the behaviour pathway. For the cohort aged 0–4 years in 2018, healthy life expectancy differences between Māori and non-Māori reduced by 0·5% in the behaviour pathway over their lifetime. HALYs gained by Māori and non-Māori were altered substantially depending on assumptions about the equity of the implemented pathway.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Decarbonising transport might improve overall population health, save the health system money, and reduce health inequities between Māori and non-Māori. Pathways that increase physical activity have a larger effect on population health than those that rely on low-emission vehicles. The effects on inequity between Māori and non-Māori are larger in the behaviour pathway than in the technology pathway but dependent on how equitably policies supporting decarbonisation are
背景健康共同效益是交通脱碳政策的一个关键潜在优势。然而,健康效应将在现有交通-健康不平等的背景下产生,而去碳化政策本身也会影响不平等。本研究探讨了国家交通去碳化途径对新西兰奥特亚罗瓦地区人口健康、健康不平等和健康系统成本的影响。方法我们使用比例多州生命表模型,模拟了新西兰气候变化委员会制定的两种交通净零碳化途径对健康、健康系统和环境的影响。行为路径强调混合方法,包括减少驾驶、增加骑自行车和使用公共交通以及轻型车辆电气化,而技术路径则侧重于车辆电气化。我们使用了来自交通、环境、人口健康和医疗保健方面的数据来构建模型。我们通过体育活动、空气污染(PM2-5 和二氧化氮)和伤害等途径,模拟了 2018 年至 2050 年新西兰奥特亚罗瓦人口的健康影响变化。我们模拟了对毛利人(奥特亚罗瓦土著人)和非毛利人的影响。对于实现净零的每种途径,我们计算了毛利人和非毛利人的总体健康调整寿命年数(HALYs)、年龄标准化健康调整寿命年数(HALYs)和比率比的变化。我们还计算了健康系统成本和交通温室气体排放量的变化。与基线相比,两种途径都能改善人口健康、降低健康系统成本和减少生命周期温室气体排放,但行为途径的健康收益要大得多。例如,与基线相比,行为方案额外增加了 2100 HALYs(95% UI 1500-3100)。在两种途径中,毛利人的健康收益都比非毛利人高出 20-30%,但在行为途径中,毛利人获得了更多的 "HALYs"。对于2018年0-4岁的人群,毛利人和非毛利人在行为途径上的健康预期寿命差异在其一生中减少了0-5%。毛利人和非毛利人获得的健康预期寿命年数会有很大变化,这取决于对所实施路径的公平性的假设。与依赖低排放车辆的道路相比,增加体育锻炼的道路对人口健康的影响更大。行为途径对毛利人和非毛利人之间不平等的影响大于技术途径,但取决于支持去碳化的政策如何公平实施。
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引用次数: 0
Why gender matters for addressing chemical pollution 为什么性别问题对解决化学污染至关重要
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00176-1
Mengjiao Wang , Angeliki Balayannis , Hanna-Andrea Rother , Minu Hemmati , Anna Holthaus , Vania Zuin Zeidler
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引用次数: 0
Expert judgement reveals current and emerging UK climate-mortality burden 专家判断揭示了英国当前和新出现的气候死亡负担
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00175-X
Prof Dann Mitchell PhD , Y T Eunice Lo PhD , Emily Ball PhD , Joanne L Godwin PhD , Oliver Andrews PhD , Prof Rosa Barciela PhD , Prof Lea Berrang Ford PhD , Claudia Di Napoli PhD , Prof Kristie L Ebi PhD , Neven S Fučkar PhD , Prof Antonio Gasparrini PhD , Prof Brian Golding PhD , Celia L Gregson MRCP PhD , Gareth J Griffith PhD , Sara Khalid PhD , Caitlin Robinson PhD , Prof Daniela N Schmidt PhD , Charles H Simpson PhD , Prof Sir Robert Stephen John Sparks PhD , Josephine G Walker PhD

Weather and climate patterns play an intrinsic role in societal health, yet a comprehensive synthesis of specific hazard–mortality causes does not currently exist. Country-level health burdens are thus highly uncertain, but harnessing collective expert knowledge can reduce this uncertainty, and help assess diverse mortality causes beyond what is explicitly quantified. Here, surveying 30 experts, we provide the first structured expert judgement of how weather and climate directly impact mortality, using the UK as an example. Current weather-related mortality is dominated by short-term exposure to hot and cold temperatures leading to cardiovascular and respiratory failure. We find additional underappreciated health outcomes, especially related to long-exposure hazards, including heat-related renal disease, cold-related musculoskeletal health, and infectious diseases from compound hazards. We show potential future worsening of cause-specific mortality, including mental health from flooding or heat, and changes in infectious diseases. Ultimately, this work could serve to develop an expert-based understanding of the climate-related health burden in other countries.

天气和气候模式对社会健康起着固有的作用,但目前还没有对具体的灾害-死亡原因进行全面综合。因此,国家层面的健康负担具有高度不确定性,但利用专家的集体知识可以减少这种不确定性,并有助于评估明确量化之外的各种死亡原因。在此,我们以英国为例,对 30 位专家进行了调查,首次提供了关于天气和气候如何直接影响死亡率的结构化专家判断。目前与天气相关的死亡率主要是短期暴露于高温和低温导致的心血管和呼吸系统衰竭。我们还发现了更多未被重视的健康后果,尤其是与长期暴露的危害有关的健康后果,包括与热有关的肾病、与冷有关的肌肉骨骼健康以及复合危害引起的传染病。我们显示了未来特定病因死亡率的潜在恶化,包括洪水或高温导致的心理健康以及传染病的变化。最终,这项工作将有助于专家了解其他国家与气候相关的健康负担。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Wolbachia-mediated sterility coupled with sterile insect technique to suppress adult Aedes aegypti populations in Singapore: a synthetic control study 沃尔巴克氏体介导的不育与昆虫不育技术对抑制新加坡埃及伊蚊成虫种群的有效性:一项合成控制研究
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00169-4
Somya Bansal MSc , Jue Tao Lim PhD , Chee-Seng Chong PhD , Borame Dickens PhD , Youming Ng BSc , Lu Deng BSc , Caleb Lee MSc , Li Yun Tan BSc , Evdoxia G Kakani PhD , Yanni Yoong BSc , David Du Yu PhD , Grace Chain BSc , Pei Ma MSc , Shuzhen Sim PhD , Lee Ching Ng PhD , Cheong Huat Tan PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Incompatible insect technique (IIT) coupled with sterile insect technique (SIT) via the release of sterile male <em>Wolbachia</em>-infected mosquitoes is a promising tool for <em>Aedes</em>-borne disease control. Yet, real-world evidence on the suppressive effectiveness of IIT-SIT on mosquito abundance remains mostly limited to small semi-rural village and suburban localities over short trial durations. However, a large proportion of <em>Aedes</em>-borne diseases occur in dense, urban, and high-rise locations, limiting the applicability of previous studies for these settings with high disease burden. The sustainability and use of this technology over multiple years is also unknown.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In this synthetic control study, we conducted a large-scale, field trial of IIT-SIT targeting <em>Aedes aegypti</em> among high-rise public housing estates in Singapore, an equatorial city state. Routinely collected data from a large, nationwide surveillance system of 57 990 unique mosquito traps, combined with a high-dimensional set of anthropogenic and environmental confounders were collected to ascertain mosquito abundance and its key drivers. Four townships were selected as the intervention groups (approximate population size of 607 872 residents as of 2022), wherein interventions that combined ITT with SIT over the course of the study period were conducted. Townships were subject to releases of <em>w</em>AlbB-SG male <em>A aegypti</em> mosquitoes twice a week. Data were assessed over the course of epidemiological weeks (EWs), which provide the finest temporal resolution of recorded <em>Wolbachia</em> release schedule and mosquito abundance data. A novel synthetic control framework was then developed to account for the non-randomised and staggered adoption setting of the intervention across trial sectors to identify the direct suppressive effectiveness of IIT-SIT on female <em>A aegypti</em> populations, the spillover effects in non-release areas, and the effect of the intervention on other mosquito populations such as <em>Aedes albopictus</em>. Furthermore, we recalculated effectiveness in terms of calendar time, time since intervention, and over multiple sites to examine heterogeneities in IIT-SIT effectiveness.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Between EW27 2018 and EW26 2022, <em>Wolbachia</em> releases were conducted across 117 sectors, of which 97 had sufficient trap data, which were collected between EW8 2019 and EW26 2022. We found that <em>Wolbachia</em>-based IIT-SIT reduced wild-type female <em>A aegypti</em> populations by a mean of 62·01% (95% CI 60·68 to 63·26) by 3 months, 78·40% (77·56 to 79·18) by 6 months, and 91·32% (90·95 to 91·66) by at least 18 months of releases. We also found a smaller but non-negligible spillover suppression effect that gradually increased over time (mean spillover intervention effectiveness 61·02% [95% CI 57·89 to 63·72] in adjacent, non-intervention sectors). Alt
背景不相容昆虫技术(IIT)与昆虫不育技术(SIT)相结合,通过释放受沃尔巴乔病毒感染的不育雄蚊,是一种很有前景的伊蚊传播疾病控制手段。然而,有关 IIT-SIT 对蚊子数量的抑制效果的实际证据,大多仍局限于半农村的小村庄和郊区的短时间试验。然而,大部分伊蚊传播的疾病都发生在人口稠密的城市和高层建筑中,这就限制了之前的研究对这些疾病负担重的环境的适用性。在这项合成对照研究中,我们针对新加坡(一个赤道城市州)高层公共住宅区的埃及伊蚊进行了一次大规模的现场 IIT-SIT 试验。我们从一个由 57 990 个独特蚊虫诱捕器组成的大型全国性监测系统中收集了常规数据,并结合一组高维度的人为和环境混杂因素,以确定蚊虫数量及其主要驱动因素。选定四个乡镇作为干预组(截至 2022 年,人口规模约为 607 872 人),在研究期间进行 ITT 与 SIT 相结合的干预。乡镇每周两次释放 wAlbB-SG 雄性埃及疟蚊。对流行病学周(EWs)的数据进行了评估,这提供了记录的沃尔巴克氏体释放时间表和蚊子数量数据的最精细的时间分辨率。然后,我们制定了一个新的合成控制框架,以考虑在各试验区采用干预措施的非随机和交错设置,从而确定 IIT-SIT 对雌性埃及伊蚊种群的直接抑制效果、非释放区的溢出效应以及干预措施对白纹伊蚊等其他蚊子种群的影响。此外,我们重新计算了日历时间、干预后时间以及多个地点的效果,以研究 IIT-SIT 效果的异质性。研究结果在 2018 年 EW27 至 2022 年 EW26 期间,在 117 个区进行了沃尔巴克氏体释放,其中 97 个区有足够的诱捕器数据,这些数据是在 2019 年 EW8 至 2022 年 EW26 期间收集的。我们发现,基于沃尔巴克氏体的 IIT-SIT 在释放 3 个月后可将野生型雌性埃及蝇的数量平均减少 62-01%(95% CI 60-68 至 63-26),在释放 6 个月后减少 78-40%(77-56 至 79-18),在释放至少 18 个月后减少 91-32%(90-95 至 91-66)。我们还发现了一个较小但不可忽略的溢出抑制效应,该效应随着时间的推移逐渐增强(在相邻的非干预区,平均溢出干预效果为 61-02% [95% CI 57-89 至 63-72])。尽管在释放沃尔巴克氏体后,四个干预乡镇的白纹伊蚊数量没有发生一致的变化,但所有释放区对白纹伊蚊数量的平均干预效果为-25-80%(95% CI -30-93至-21-05),其中两个乡镇的白纹伊蚊数量有所增加。这些干预措施在不同地理环境中的效果应在今后的工作中进行评估。资金来源新加坡财政部、可持续发展与环境部、国家环境局和国家机器人计划。
{"title":"Effectiveness of Wolbachia-mediated sterility coupled with sterile insect technique to suppress adult Aedes aegypti populations in Singapore: a synthetic control study","authors":"Somya Bansal MSc ,&nbsp;Jue Tao Lim PhD ,&nbsp;Chee-Seng Chong PhD ,&nbsp;Borame Dickens PhD ,&nbsp;Youming Ng BSc ,&nbsp;Lu Deng BSc ,&nbsp;Caleb Lee MSc ,&nbsp;Li Yun Tan BSc ,&nbsp;Evdoxia G Kakani PhD ,&nbsp;Yanni Yoong BSc ,&nbsp;David Du Yu PhD ,&nbsp;Grace Chain BSc ,&nbsp;Pei Ma MSc ,&nbsp;Shuzhen Sim PhD ,&nbsp;Lee Ching Ng PhD ,&nbsp;Cheong Huat Tan PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00169-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00169-4","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Incompatible insect technique (IIT) coupled with sterile insect technique (SIT) via the release of sterile male &lt;em&gt;Wolbachia&lt;/em&gt;-infected mosquitoes is a promising tool for &lt;em&gt;Aedes&lt;/em&gt;-borne disease control. Yet, real-world evidence on the suppressive effectiveness of IIT-SIT on mosquito abundance remains mostly limited to small semi-rural village and suburban localities over short trial durations. However, a large proportion of &lt;em&gt;Aedes&lt;/em&gt;-borne diseases occur in dense, urban, and high-rise locations, limiting the applicability of previous studies for these settings with high disease burden. The sustainability and use of this technology over multiple years is also unknown.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this synthetic control study, we conducted a large-scale, field trial of IIT-SIT targeting &lt;em&gt;Aedes aegypti&lt;/em&gt; among high-rise public housing estates in Singapore, an equatorial city state. Routinely collected data from a large, nationwide surveillance system of 57 990 unique mosquito traps, combined with a high-dimensional set of anthropogenic and environmental confounders were collected to ascertain mosquito abundance and its key drivers. Four townships were selected as the intervention groups (approximate population size of 607 872 residents as of 2022), wherein interventions that combined ITT with SIT over the course of the study period were conducted. Townships were subject to releases of &lt;em&gt;w&lt;/em&gt;AlbB-SG male &lt;em&gt;A aegypti&lt;/em&gt; mosquitoes twice a week. Data were assessed over the course of epidemiological weeks (EWs), which provide the finest temporal resolution of recorded &lt;em&gt;Wolbachia&lt;/em&gt; release schedule and mosquito abundance data. A novel synthetic control framework was then developed to account for the non-randomised and staggered adoption setting of the intervention across trial sectors to identify the direct suppressive effectiveness of IIT-SIT on female &lt;em&gt;A aegypti&lt;/em&gt; populations, the spillover effects in non-release areas, and the effect of the intervention on other mosquito populations such as &lt;em&gt;Aedes albopictus&lt;/em&gt;. Furthermore, we recalculated effectiveness in terms of calendar time, time since intervention, and over multiple sites to examine heterogeneities in IIT-SIT effectiveness.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Between EW27 2018 and EW26 2022, &lt;em&gt;Wolbachia&lt;/em&gt; releases were conducted across 117 sectors, of which 97 had sufficient trap data, which were collected between EW8 2019 and EW26 2022. We found that &lt;em&gt;Wolbachia&lt;/em&gt;-based IIT-SIT reduced wild-type female &lt;em&gt;A aegypti&lt;/em&gt; populations by a mean of 62·01% (95% CI 60·68 to 63·26) by 3 months, 78·40% (77·56 to 79·18) by 6 months, and 91·32% (90·95 to 91·66) by at least 18 months of releases. We also found a smaller but non-negligible spillover suppression effect that gradually increased over time (mean spillover intervention effectiveness 61·02% [95% CI 57·89 to 63·72] in adjacent, non-intervention sectors). Alt","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624001694/pdfft?md5=fe8c04e9101cf515070255d742d01b09&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624001694-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Planetary health diet and cardiovascular disease: results from three large prospective cohort studies in the USA 行星健康饮食与心血管疾病:美国三项大型前瞻性队列研究的结果
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00170-0
Caleigh M Sawicki PhD , Gautam Ramesh MD , Linh Bui MD , Nilendra K Nair PhD , Prof Frank B Hu MD , Prof Eric B Rimm ScD , Prof Meir J Stampfer MD , Prof Walter C Willett MD , Shilpa N Bhupathiraju PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>In 2019, the EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission on healthy diets from sustainable food systems proposed a Planetary Health Diet that seeks to optimise both chronic disease prevention as well as global environmental health. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between a dietary index based on the Planetary Health Diet and risk of cardiovascular disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We included women from the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS I; 1986–2016), women from the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II; 1991–2017), and men from the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS; 1986–2016) who were free of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and diabetes at baseline. Dietary data were collected every 4 years using a validated, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) was based on 15 food groups: whole grains, vegetables, fruit, fish and shellfish, nuts and seeds, non-soy legumes, soy foods, and unsaturated oils were scored positively; starchy vegetables, dairy, red or processed meat, poultry, eggs, saturated fats and trans fat, and added sugar received negative scores. Scores for each food group were summed to get a total score of 0–140. Higher scores indicated greater adherence to the PHDI. We used Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariates to evaluate the association between PHDI score, cumulatively averaged, and incident cardiovascular disease (defined as fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction and stroke), adjusting for demographic, health, and lifestyle confounders in all participants with available data. Cohort-specific estimates were combined using inverse variance-weighted fixed effects meta-analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Of the 62 919 women included from the NHS I, 88 535 women included from the NHS II, and 42 164 men included from the HPFS, a total of 9831 cases of cardiovascular disease were confirmed over 4 541 980 person-years of follow-up. Mean PHDI scores ranged from 60·7 (SD 5·1) to 90·6 (5·3) in the lowest versus highest quintile in NHS I, 55·6 (4·9) to 86·3 (6·3) in NHS II, and 59·6 (5·9) to 94 (5·9) in HPFS. In the multivariable-adjusted meta-analysis, participants in the highest quintile of PHDI score had a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease than did those in the lowest quintile (hazard ratio [HR] 0·83 [95% CI 0·78–0·89]; p-trend <0·0001). When we examined cardiovascular disease subtypes, the highest quintile of PHDI was also associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (HR 0·81 [95% CI 0·74–0·88]; p-trend <0·0001) and total stroke (HR 0·86 [0·78–0·95]; p-trend=0·0004) compared with the lowest quintile.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>We found that adherence to the Planetary Health Diet, designed to be a more environmentally sustainable dietary pattern, was associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease in three large cohorts of men and women in the USA. These observations suppor
背景2019年,EAT-Lancet可持续食品系统健康饮食委员会提出了一种旨在优化慢性疾病预防和全球环境健康的 "行星健康饮食"。在这项研究中,我们旨在研究基于 "行星健康饮食 "的饮食指数与心血管疾病风险之间的关联。方法我们纳入了护士健康研究(NHS I;1986-2016 年)中的女性、护士健康研究 II(NHS II;1991-2017 年)中的女性以及健康专业人员随访研究(HPFS;1986-2016 年)中的男性,他们在基线时都没有心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病。饮食数据每 4 年使用经过验证的半定量食物频率调查问卷收集一次。行星健康饮食指数(PHDI)基于 15 个食物组:全谷物、蔬菜、水果、鱼类和贝类、坚果和种子、非大豆豆类、大豆食品和不饱和油类为正分;淀粉类蔬菜、乳制品、红肉或加工肉类、家禽、蛋类、饱和脂肪和反式脂肪以及添加糖类为负分。每组食物的得分相加得出 0-140 分的总分。分数越高,表明越遵守 PHDI。我们使用具有时变协变量的 Cox 比例危险度回归来评估 PHDI 分数(累计平均值)与心血管疾病(定义为致命和非致命心肌梗死和中风)之间的关系,并对所有提供数据的参与者的人口统计学、健康和生活方式混杂因素进行了调整。在 NHS I 纳入的 62 919 名女性、NHS II 纳入的 88 535 名女性和 HPFS 纳入的 42 164 名男性中,在 4 541 980 人年的随访中,共有 9831 例心血管疾病得到确诊。在 NHS I 中,最低五分位数与最高五分位数的 PHDI 平均得分介于 60-7 (SD 5-1) 到 90-6 (5-3) 之间;在 NHS II 中,最低五分位数与最高五分位数的 PHDI 平均得分介于 55-6 (4-9) 到 86-3 (6-3) 之间;在 HPFS 中,最低五分位数与最高五分位数的 PHDI 平均得分介于 59-6 (5-9) 到 94 (5-9) 之间。在经多变量调整的荟萃分析中,PHDI 评分最高的五分位参与者发生心血管疾病的风险低于最低的五分位参与者(危险比 [HR] 0-83 [95% CI 0-78-0-89];p-trend <0-0001)。当我们研究心血管疾病亚型时,与最低五分位数相比,PHDI 最高五分位数也与较低的冠心病风险(HR 0-81 [95% CI 0-74-0-88];p-trend <0-0001)和总中风风险(HR 0-86 [0-78-0-95];p-trend=0-0004)相关。解释我们发现,在美国的三个大型男性和女性队列中,坚持行星健康饮食(旨在成为更环保的可持续饮食模式)与较低的心血管疾病风险有关。这些观察结果表明,行星健康饮食是促进人类和地球健康的一种有前途的策略。
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引用次数: 0
Correction to Lancet Planet Health 2024; 8: e574–87 柳叶刀星球健康》更正 2024; 8: e574-87
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00205-5
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引用次数: 0
Temporal variations in the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality: a pooled analysis of 380 urban areas over a 22-year period 环境空气污染对心血管和呼吸系统死亡率短期影响的时间变化:对 380 个城市地区 22 年间情况的汇总分析
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00168-2
Maximilian Schwarz MSc , Prof Annette Peters PhD , Massimo Stafoggia PhD , Francesca de'Donato PhD , Francesco Sera PhD , Prof Michelle L Bell PhD , Prof Yuming Guo PhD , Prof Yasushi Honda PhD , Veronika Huber PhD , Prof Jouni J K Jaakkola PhD , Aleš Urban PhD , Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera PhD , Pierre Masselot PhD , Prof Eric Lavigne PhD , Souzana Achilleos PhD , Jan Kyselý PhD , Prof Evangelia Samoli PhD , Prof Masahiro Hashizume PhD , Chris Fook Sheng Ng PhD , Susana das Neves Pereira da Silva MSc , Antonella Zanobetti

Background

Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (such as PM10 and PM2·5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), has been linked to increases in mortality. Whether populations’ vulnerability to these pollutants has changed over time is unclear, and studies on this topic do not include multicountry analysis. We evaluated whether changes in exposure to air pollutants were associated with changes in mortality effect estimates over time.

Methods

We extracted cause-specific mortality and air pollution data collected between 1995 and 2016 from the Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network database. We applied a two-stage approach to analyse the short-term effects of NO2, PM10, and PM2·5 on cause-specific mortality using city-specific time series regression analyses and multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed changes over time using a longitudinal meta-regression with time as a linear fixed term and explored potential sources of heterogeneity and two-pollutant models.

Findings

Over 21·6 million cardiovascular and 7·7 million respiratory deaths in 380 cities across 24 countries over the study period were included in the analysis. All three air pollutants showed decreasing concentrations over time. The pooled results suggested no significant temporal change in the effect estimates per unit exposure of PM10, PM2·5, or NO2 and mortality. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased from 0·37% (95% CI –0·05 to 0·80) in 1998 to 0·85% (0·55 to 1·16) in 2012 with a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2·5. Two-pollutant models generally showed similar results to single-pollutant models for PM fractions and indicated temporal differences for NO2.

Interpretation

Although air pollution levels decreased during the study period, the effect sizes per unit increase in air pollution concentration have not changed. This observation might be due to the composition, toxicity, and sources of air pollution, as well as other factors, such as socioeconomic determinants or changes in population distribution and susceptibility.

Funding

None.

背景环境空气污染,包括颗粒物(如 PM10 和 PM2-5)和二氧化氮(NO2),与死亡率上升有关。人们对这些污染物的易感性是否会随着时间的推移而发生变化尚不清楚,而且有关这一主题的研究并不包括多国分析。我们评估了空气污染物暴露的变化是否与死亡率效应估计值随时间推移而发生的变化有关。方法我们从多国多城市(MCC)合作研究网络数据库中提取了 1995 年至 2016 年间收集的特定病因死亡率和空气污染数据。我们采用两阶段方法,利用特定城市时间序列回归分析和多层次随机效应荟萃分析,分析了二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和可吸入颗粒物(PM2-5)对特定病因死亡率的短期影响。我们使用以时间为线性固定项的纵向元回归评估了随时间推移而发生的变化,并探讨了潜在的异质性来源和双污染物模型。研究结果在研究期间,24 个国家的 380 个城市中有超过 2,160 万例心血管疾病和 700 万例呼吸系统疾病死亡病例被纳入分析范围。所有三种空气污染物的浓度均随时间推移而下降。汇总结果表明,单位接触 PM10、PM2-5 或 NO2 的效应估计值与死亡率之间没有明显的时间变化。然而,PM2-5每增加10微克/立方米,心血管死亡风险从1998年的0-37%(95% CI -0-05至0-80)增加到2012年的0-85%(0-55至1-16)。对于可吸入颗粒物组分,双污染物模型通常显示出与单污染物模型相似的结果,而对于二氧化氮则显示出时间差异。这一观察结果可能是由于空气污染的成分、毒性和来源以及其他因素造成的,如社会经济决定因素或人口分布和易感性的变化。
{"title":"Temporal variations in the short-term effects of ambient air pollution on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality: a pooled analysis of 380 urban areas over a 22-year period","authors":"Maximilian Schwarz MSc ,&nbsp;Prof Annette Peters PhD ,&nbsp;Massimo Stafoggia PhD ,&nbsp;Francesca de'Donato PhD ,&nbsp;Francesco Sera PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Michelle L Bell PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Yuming Guo PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Yasushi Honda PhD ,&nbsp;Veronika Huber PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Jouni J K Jaakkola PhD ,&nbsp;Aleš Urban PhD ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Vicedo-Cabrera PhD ,&nbsp;Pierre Masselot PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Eric Lavigne PhD ,&nbsp;Souzana Achilleos PhD ,&nbsp;Jan Kyselý PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Evangelia Samoli PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Masahiro Hashizume PhD ,&nbsp;Chris Fook Sheng Ng PhD ,&nbsp;Susana das Neves Pereira da Silva MSc ,&nbsp;Antonella Zanobetti","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00168-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00168-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Ambient air pollution, including particulate matter (such as PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2·5</sub>) and nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), has been linked to increases in mortality. Whether populations’ vulnerability to these pollutants has changed over time is unclear, and studies on this topic do not include multicountry analysis. We evaluated whether changes in exposure to air pollutants were associated with changes in mortality effect estimates over time.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We extracted cause-specific mortality and air pollution data collected between 1995 and 2016 from the Multi-Country Multi-City (MCC) Collaborative Research Network database. We applied a two-stage approach to analyse the short-term effects of NO<sub>2</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and PM<sub>2·5</sub> on cause-specific mortality using city-specific time series regression analyses and multilevel random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed changes over time using a longitudinal meta-regression with time as a linear fixed term and explored potential sources of heterogeneity and two-pollutant models.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Over 21·6 million cardiovascular and 7·7 million respiratory deaths in 380 cities across 24 countries over the study period were included in the analysis. All three air pollutants showed decreasing concentrations over time. The pooled results suggested no significant temporal change in the effect estimates per unit exposure of PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>2·5</sub>, or NO<sub>2</sub> and mortality. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality increased from 0·37% (95% CI –0·05 to 0·80) in 1998 to 0·85% (0·55 to 1·16) in 2012 with a 10 μg/m<sup>3</sup> increase in PM<sub>2·5</sub>. Two-pollutant models generally showed similar results to single-pollutant models for PM fractions and indicated temporal differences for NO<sub>2</sub>.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>Although air pollution levels decreased during the study period, the effect sizes per unit increase in air pollution concentration have not changed. This observation might be due to the composition, toxicity, and sources of air pollution, as well as other factors, such as socioeconomic determinants or changes in population distribution and susceptibility.</p></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><p>None.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624001682/pdfft?md5=28e586822af31df1557ea9d75dc0c6d4&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624001682-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring environmentally sustainable health care: a scoping review 衡量环境可持续的医疗保健:范围界定审查
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00162-1
Michael Padget PhD , Anitha Devadason MPH , Iris Blom MSc , Guilhem Molinie MPH , Wynne Armand MD , Ann-Christine Duhaime MD , Jodi D Sherman MD , Jonathan Slutzman MD , Dionne Kringos PhD

Work to reduce environmental pollution from the health system is hampered by an absence of consensus on the definition of environmentally sustainable health care and the relevant measurement needed. This scoping review aims to encourage standardisation across sustainability efforts by examining how environmentally sustainable health care is defined and measured in current literature. We conducted a scoping review to identify candidate publications that included either a definition or description of environmentally sustainable health care or a measurement of the impact of health care on the environment. 328 publications were included in the final analysis. 52 publications included definitions or descriptions of environmentally sustainable health care. Results of the study highlight the heterogeneity in the current definition, measurement, and measurement calculation methods of environmentally sustainable health care in published literature. Work is needed to create more harmonised definitions and measurement to support progress and reduce environmental pollution from health care.

由于对环境可持续医疗的定义和所需的相关衡量标准缺乏共识,减少医疗系统环境污染的工作受到了阻碍。本范围界定综述旨在通过研究当前文献中对环境可持续医疗的定义和测量方法,鼓励可持续发展工作的标准化。我们进行了一次范围审查,以确定包含环境可持续医疗定义或描述或医疗对环境影响测量的候选出版物。最终分析包括 328 篇出版物。52 篇出版物包含了环境可持续医疗的定义或描述。研究结果表明,在已发表的文献中,目前对环境可持续医疗的定义、测量和测量计算方法存在差异。需要努力创造更加统一的定义和测量方法,以支持医疗保健的进步并减少环境污染。
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引用次数: 0
Less than fantastic plastic 不太理想的塑料
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00210-9
The Lancet Planetary Health
{"title":"Less than fantastic plastic","authors":"The Lancet Planetary Health","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00210-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00210-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624002109/pdfft?md5=66e232a71acbf1ad4cf7248e0a2e100b&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624002109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142135794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guiding principles for the next generation of health-care sustainability metrics 下一代医疗可持续性指标的指导原则。
IF 24.1 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00159-1
Matthew J Eckelman PhD , Ulli Weisz Dr phil , Peter-Paul Pichler PhD , Jodi D Sherman MD , Prof Helga Weisz Dr phil

Metrics for health-care sustainability are crucial for tracking progress and understanding the advantages of different operations or systems as the health-care sector addresses the climate crisis and other environmental challenges. Measurement of the key metrics of absolute energy use and greenhouse gas emissions now has substantial momentum, but our overall measurement framework generally has serious deficiencies. Because existing metrics are often borrowed from other sectors, many are unconnected to the specifics of health-care provision or existing health system performance indicators, the potential negative effects of health care on public health are largely absent, a consistent and standardised set of health-care sustainability measurement concepts does not yet exist, and current dynamics in health systems such as privatisation are largely ignored. The next generation of health-care sustainability metrics must address these deficiencies by expanding the scope of observation and the entry points for interventions. Specifically, metrics should be standardised, reliable, meaningful, integrated with data management systems, fair, and aligned with the core mission of health care. Incentives with the potential to contradict sustainability goals must be addressed in future planning and implementation if the next generation of metrics is to be effective and incentivise positive systemic change.

在医疗保健行业应对气候危机和其他环境挑战的过程中,医疗保健可持续发展的衡量标准对于跟踪进展和了解不同运营或系统的优势至关重要。目前,对绝对能源使用量和温室气体排放量等关键指标的衡量已经取得了很大的进展,但我们的整体衡量框架普遍存在严重缺陷。因为现有的衡量标准往往是从其他部门借鉴过来的,很多都与医疗服务的具体内容或现有的医疗系统绩效指标脱节,医疗服务对公众健康的潜在负面影响在很大程度上被忽略了,一套一致的、标准化的医疗可持续性衡量概念尚不存在,医疗系统当前的动态变化(如私有化)在很大程度上也被忽视了。下一代医疗可持续性指标必须通过扩大观察范围和干预切入点来解决这些不足。具体来说,衡量标准应标准化、可靠、有意义、与数据管理系统相结合、公平,并与医疗保健的核心使命相一致。在未来的规划和实施过程中,必须解决可能与可持续发展目标相矛盾的激励措施,这样下一代衡量标准才能有效并激励积极的系统性变革。
{"title":"Guiding principles for the next generation of health-care sustainability metrics","authors":"Matthew J Eckelman PhD ,&nbsp;Ulli Weisz Dr phil ,&nbsp;Peter-Paul Pichler PhD ,&nbsp;Jodi D Sherman MD ,&nbsp;Prof Helga Weisz Dr phil","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00159-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00159-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metrics for health-care sustainability are crucial for tracking progress and understanding the advantages of different operations or systems as the health-care sector addresses the climate crisis and other environmental challenges. Measurement of the key metrics of absolute energy use and greenhouse gas emissions now has substantial momentum, but our overall measurement framework generally has serious deficiencies. Because existing metrics are often borrowed from other sectors, many are unconnected to the specifics of health-care provision or existing health system performance indicators, the potential negative effects of health care on public health are largely absent, a consistent and standardised set of health-care sustainability measurement concepts does not yet exist, and current dynamics in health systems such as privatisation are largely ignored. The next generation of health-care sustainability metrics must address these deficiencies by expanding the scope of observation and the entry points for interventions. Specifically, metrics should be standardised, reliable, meaningful, integrated with data management systems, fair, and aligned with the core mission of health care. Incentives with the potential to contradict sustainability goals must be addressed in future planning and implementation if the next generation of metrics is to be effective and incentivise positive systemic change.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624001591/pdfft?md5=6206bef7ae1da2ab11a904196b381d0f&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624001591-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141914325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Lancet Planetary Health
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