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Investigating intervention components and their effectiveness in promoting environmentally sustainable diets: a systematic review 调查促进环境可持续饮食的干预措施及其效果:系统性审查
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00064-0
Noor M Wadi RD MSc , Kenza Cheikh RD BSc , Yan Wah Keung MSc , Rosemary Green PhD

Global food systems contribute 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions, threatening the global temperature targets of the Paris Agreement. Diets in high-income countries exceed the recommendations for animal-based foods, whereas consumption of fruits and vegetables is below recommendations. Shifting to a more plant-based diet can reduce up to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions from diet and also reduce risk of chronic disease. Interventions addressing sustainable dietary behaviour, defined by a shift in dietary patterns and food-waste practices, could therefore improve population and planetary health, but knowledge of the interventions that are likely to be most effective in changing sustainable dietary behaviour is so far limited. This systematic review aimed to investigate, classify, and assess the effectiveness of interventions that promote environmentally sustainable diets in high-income countries. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials published from inception until June 16, 2022, evaluating the effectiveness of any intervention promoting environmentally sustainable dietary behaviour. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they included adults and children from high-income countries (as defined by the World Bank classification) and used individual-level behaviour change interventions. Online choice experiments and studies reporting results on only change in fruit and vegetable consumption were excluded. Interventions were classified using the nine intervention functions of the behaviour change wheel. Data were extracted on number of participants, intervention characteristics, diet change (eg, meat consumption and fruit and vegetable intake), food waste, greenhouse gas emissions, and health outcomes. 13 studies were identified and included in the systematic review. Articles were from six different countries (ie, Canada, the USA, Germany, the UK, the Netherlands, Italy). Six of the nine intervention functions of the behaviour change wheel were used. Interventions using education had the most robust evidence base, whereas interventions using persuasion had the strongest effect on reducing meat consumption. Overall, interventions using education in combination with other factors were most successful. Five studies had high risk of bias, five had some concerns of bias, and three had low risk of bias. This systematic review provides insight into the effectiveness of behavioural interventions to meet health and climate change goals through promotion of environmentally sustainable diets. Evidence supports the use of multicomponent interventions through education, persuasion, and environmental restructuring to provide opportunity for change. Little high-quality research was available, and more robustly designed intervention studies are needed to inform future guidelines and policies.

全球食品系统排放的温室气体占全球总量的 30%,威胁着《巴黎协定》的全球气温目标。高收入国家的膳食中动物性食物的摄入量超过了推荐值,而水果和蔬菜的摄入量则低于推荐值。转向以植物为基础的膳食可减少高达 30% 的膳食温室气体排放,还能降低慢性病风险。因此,针对可持续饮食行为(即饮食模式和食物浪费行为的转变)的干预措施可以改善人口和地球健康,但迄今为止,人们对可能最有效地改变可持续饮食行为的干预措施的了解还很有限。本系统综述旨在调查、分类和评估在高收入国家促进环境可持续饮食的干预措施的有效性。我们检索了 MEDLINE、Embase、PsycINFO 和 Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,以查找从开始到 2022 年 6 月 16 日发表的、评估任何促进环境可持续饮食行为的干预措施有效性的随机对照试验和准实验试验。如果研究对象包括高收入国家(根据世界银行的分类定义)的成人和儿童,并使用了个人层面的行为改变干预措施,则符合纳入条件。在线选择实验和仅报告水果和蔬菜消费变化结果的研究除外。采用行为改变轮的九种干预功能对干预措施进行分类。提取的数据包括参与人数、干预特点、饮食变化(如肉类消耗量和水果蔬菜摄入量)、食物浪费、温室气体排放和健康结果。确定了 13 项研究,并将其纳入系统综述。文章来自六个不同的国家(即加拿大、美国、德国、英国、荷兰和意大利)。使用了行为改变轮的九种干预功能中的六种。使用教育进行干预的证据基础最为坚实,而使用说服进行干预对减少肉类消费的效果最强。总体而言,将教育与其他因素结合使用的干预措施最为成功。五项研究存在高偏倚风险,五项研究存在一些偏倚问题,三项研究存在低偏倚风险。本系统综述深入探讨了通过推广环境可持续饮食来实现健康和气候变化目标的行为干预措施的有效性。有证据支持通过教育、劝说和环境重组等方式采取多成分干预措施,以提供改变的机会。目前几乎没有高质量的研究,需要进行更多设计稳健的干预研究,为未来的指导方针和政策提供信息。
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引用次数: 0
Diagnosing climate anxiety? Environmental mental health challenges 诊断气候焦虑症?环境心理健康挑战
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00091-3
Tamara Vukičević , Shuyan Liu
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引用次数: 0
Paris's parking policy for healthier cities 巴黎的停车政策让城市更健康
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00089-5
Zaheer Allam , Mark Nieuwenhuijsen , Zarrin Allam
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引用次数: 0
A systematic evaluation of seven different scores representing the EAT–Lancet reference diet and mortality, stroke, and greenhouse gas emissions in three cohorts 对代表 EAT-Lancet 参考膳食的七种不同评分与三个队列中的死亡率、中风和温室气体排放的系统性评估
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00094-9
Anna Stubbendorff BSc , Dalia Stern PhD , Ulrika Ericson PhD , Emily Sonestedt PhD , Elinor Hallström PhD , Yan Borné PhD , Prof Martin Lajous ScD , Prof Nita G Forouhi FFPH , Prof Anja Olsen PhD , Christina C Dahm PhD , Daniel B Ibsen PhD

Different approaches have been used for translation of the EAT–Lancet reference diet into dietary scores that can be used to assess health and environmental impact. Our aim was to compare the different EAT–Lancet diet scores, and to estimate their associations with all-cause mortality, stroke incidence, and greenhouse gas emissions. We did a systematic review (PROSPERO, CRD42021286597) to identify different scores representing adherence to the EAT–Lancet reference diet. We then qualitatively compared the diet adherence scores, including their ability to group individuals according the EAT–Lancet reference diet recommendations, and quantitatively assessed the associations of the diet scores with health and environmental outcome data in three diverse cohorts: the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort (DCH; n=52 452), the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort (MDC; n=20 973), and the Mexican Teachers’ Cohort (MTC; n=30 151). The DCH and MTC used food frequency questionnaires and the MDC used a modified diet history method to assess dietary intake, which we used to compute EAT–Lancet diet scores and evaluate the associations of scores with hazard of all-cause mortality and stroke. In the MDC, dietary greenhouse gas emission values were summarised for every participant, which we used to predict greenhouse gas emissions associated with varying diet adherence scores on each scoring system. In our review, seven diet scores were identified (Knuppel et al, 2019; Trijsburg et al, 2020; Cacau et al, 2021; Hanley-Cook et al, 2021; Kesse-Guyot et al, 2021; Stubbendorff et al, 2022; and Colizzi et al, 2023). Two of the seven scores (Stubbendorff and Colizzi) were among the most consistent in grouping participants according to the EAT–Lancet reference diet recommendations across cohorts, and higher scores (greater diet adherence) were associated with decreased risk of mortality (in the DCH and MDC), decreased risk of incident stroke (in the DCH and MDC for the Stubbendorff score; and in the DCH for the Colizzi score), and decreased predicted greenhouse gas emissions in the MDC. We conclude that the seven different scores representing the EAT–Lancet reference diet had differences in construction, interpretation, and relation to disease and climate-related outcomes. Two scores generally performed well in our evaluation. Future studies should carefully consider which diet score to use and preferably use multiple scores to assess the robustness of estimations, given that public health and environmental policy rely on these estimates.

将 EAT-Lancet 参考膳食转化为可用于评估健康和环境影响的膳食评分采用了不同的方法。我们的目的是比较不同的 EAT-Lancet 膳食评分,并估计它们与全因死亡率、中风发病率和温室气体排放的关系。我们进行了系统性回顾(PROSPERO,CRD42021286597),以确定代表 EAT-Lancet 参考饮食坚持情况的不同评分。然后,我们对饮食依从性评分进行了定性比较,包括其根据 EAT-Lancet 参考饮食建议对个体进行分组的能力,并对三个不同队列中饮食评分与健康和环境结果数据的关联进行了定量评估:丹麦饮食、癌症和健康队列(DCH;n=52452)、瑞典马尔默饮食和癌症队列(MDC;n=20973)以及墨西哥教师队列(MTC;n=30151)。DCH 和 MTC 采用食物频率问卷调查法,MDC 采用改良饮食史法评估饮食摄入量,我们以此计算 EAT-Lancet 饮食评分,并评估评分与全因死亡率和中风危险的关系。在 MDC 中,对每位参与者的膳食温室气体排放值进行了汇总,我们利用这些值来预测与每个评分系统中不同的膳食依从性评分相关的温室气体排放。在我们的研究中,确定了七种饮食评分(Knuppel 等人,2019 年;Trijsburg 等人,2020 年;Cacau 等人,2021 年;Hanley-Cook 等人,2021 年;Kesse-Guyot 等人,2021 年;Stubbendorff 等人,2022 年;Colizzi 等人,2023 年)。七项评分中的两项(Stubbendorff 和 Colizzi)在根据 EAT-Lancet 参考膳食建议对不同队列的参与者进行分组时最为一致,评分越高(膳食依从性越高),死亡率风险越低(在 DCH 和 MDC 中),中风发病风险越低(在 DCH 和 MDC 中,Stubbendorff 评分与中风发病风险相关;在 DCH 中,Colizzi 评分与中风发病风险相关),在 MDC 中,温室气体排放预测值越低。我们的结论是,代表 EAT-Lancet 参考饮食的七个不同评分在构建、解释以及与疾病和气候相关结果的关系方面存在差异。在我们的评估中,有两个评分通常表现良好。鉴于公共卫生和环境政策依赖于这些估计值,未来的研究应仔细考虑使用哪种膳食评分,最好使用多种评分来评估估计值的稳健性。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, behaviours, practices, and expectations regarding climate change and environmental sustainability among health workers in France: a multicentre, cross-sectional study 法国卫生工作者对气候变化和环境可持续性的认识、行为、做法和期望:一项多中心横断面研究
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00099-8
Jérémy Guihenneuc PhD , Guillaume Cambien PhD , Pauline Blanc-Petitjean PhD , Emeline Papin , Noëlle Bernard MD , Bernard Jourdain , Isabelle Barcos , Cécile Saez , Prof Antoine Dupuis PhD , Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot PhD , Prof Virginie Migeot PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Faced with climate change, hospitals are confronted with a dual challenge. On one hand, they need to embark on a far-reaching ecological transformation to reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts; on the other hand, they need to limit the effects of climate change on their activities. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, behaviours, practices, and expectations of health workers in French hospitals regarding climate change and environmental sustainability.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multicentre, cross-sectional study was carried out in six French hospitals from June 1, 2021 to Dec 31, 2022. All health workers at the hospitals were eligible to participate and were recruited through internal publicity. We designed a structured questionnaire consisting of five parts: participant characteristics, knowledge and perceptions of climate change, pro-environmental behaviours, practices concerning environmental sustainability actions, and expectations. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to evaluate associations between the knowledge, behaviours, and practices of health workers and the characteristics of the health workers and hospitals.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Of 57 034 health workers across the six hospitals, 4552 (8·0%) participated in the study. Of those for whom gender data were available, 3518 (78·2%) participants were women and 979 (21·8%) were men. Participants considered energy consumption (71·0%) and waste and discharges related to medical activities (55·6%) and non-medical activities (50·2%) to be the three activities with the greatest environmental impact. On a scale of 1 (not a priority) to 10 (high priority), the median rating attributed by the participants to the commitment of their hospitals to ecological transformation was 5·0 (IQR 3·0–6·0). 1079 (23·7%) of 4552 participants had already initiated at least one environmental sustainability action in their hospital. Barriers reported by participants to the implementation of environmental sustainability-related projects were the lack of dedicated time (40·4%), hierarchical support (32·5%), methodological support (28·9%), and access to training (23·7%). The presence of a sustainable development steering committee, especially one with more than 5 years of activity, was positively associated with health workers feeling better informed about the ecological transformation of their hospital (adjusted odds ratio 1·78 [95% CI 1·29–2·45]), having better knowledge of the environmental impacts of their hospital (1·83 [1·32–2·53]), and initiating a larger number of environmental sustainability actions (1·74 [1·33–2·29]).</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>We showed that health workers in French hospitals seem to be committed to the ecological transformation of their workplaces, and identified some drivers and barriers to further support these essential transformations. There is an urgent need to bols
背景面对气候变化,医院面临着双重挑战。一方面,医院需要进行意义深远的生态转型,以减少温室气体排放和其他环境影响;另一方面,医院需要限制气候变化对其活动的影响。我们的目的是评估法国医院卫生工作者对气候变化和环境可持续性的认识、行为、实践和期望。方法这项多中心横断面研究于 2021 年 6 月 1 日至 2022 年 12 月 31 日在法国六家医院进行。医院的所有医护人员都有资格参与,并通过内部宣传招募。我们设计了一份结构化问卷,包括五个部分:参与者特征、对气候变化的认识和看法、支持环保的行为、有关环境可持续发展行动的实践以及期望。研究采用多层次逻辑回归模型来评估医务工作者的知识、行为和实践与医务工作者和医院特征之间的关联。在有性别数据的参与者中,女性有 3518 人(78-2%),男性有 979 人(21-8%)。参与者认为能源消耗(71-0%)以及与医疗活动(55-6%)和非医疗活动(50-2%)相关的废物和排放物是对环境影响最大的三种活动。在 1 分(不优先)到 10 分(高度优先)的评分中,参与者对其医院在生态转型方面的承诺的中位数为 5-0(IQR 3-0-6-0)。在 4552 名参与者中,有 1079 人(23-7%)已在其所在医院启动了至少一项环境可持续发展行动。参与者表示,实施环境可持续发展相关项目的障碍是缺乏专门时间(40-4%)、上级支持(32-5%)、方法支持(28-9%)和培训机会(23-7%)。可持续发展指导委员会的存在,尤其是成立时间超过 5 年的委员会的存在,与医护人员对其所在医院的生态转型更了解(调整后的几率比 1-78 [95% CI 1-29-2-45])、对其所在医院的环境影响更了解(1-83 [1-32-2-53])以及发起更多环境可持续发展行动(1-74 [1-33-2-29])呈正相关。释义我们发现,法国医院的医务工作者似乎致力于其工作场所的生态转型,并确定了进一步支持这些重要转型的一些驱动因素和障碍。当务之急是加强对所有医护人员的培训,强化医院内部的结构框架,并鼓励未来就医疗设施对气候变化的脆弱性开展跨学科研究。
{"title":"Knowledge, behaviours, practices, and expectations regarding climate change and environmental sustainability among health workers in France: a multicentre, cross-sectional study","authors":"Jérémy Guihenneuc PhD ,&nbsp;Guillaume Cambien PhD ,&nbsp;Pauline Blanc-Petitjean PhD ,&nbsp;Emeline Papin ,&nbsp;Noëlle Bernard MD ,&nbsp;Bernard Jourdain ,&nbsp;Isabelle Barcos ,&nbsp;Cécile Saez ,&nbsp;Prof Antoine Dupuis PhD ,&nbsp;Sarah Ayraud-Thevenot PhD ,&nbsp;Prof Virginie Migeot PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00099-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00099-8","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Faced with climate change, hospitals are confronted with a dual challenge. On one hand, they need to embark on a far-reaching ecological transformation to reduce their contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and other environmental impacts; on the other hand, they need to limit the effects of climate change on their activities. We aimed to evaluate the knowledge, behaviours, practices, and expectations of health workers in French hospitals regarding climate change and environmental sustainability.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This multicentre, cross-sectional study was carried out in six French hospitals from June 1, 2021 to Dec 31, 2022. All health workers at the hospitals were eligible to participate and were recruited through internal publicity. We designed a structured questionnaire consisting of five parts: participant characteristics, knowledge and perceptions of climate change, pro-environmental behaviours, practices concerning environmental sustainability actions, and expectations. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to evaluate associations between the knowledge, behaviours, and practices of health workers and the characteristics of the health workers and hospitals.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of 57 034 health workers across the six hospitals, 4552 (8·0%) participated in the study. Of those for whom gender data were available, 3518 (78·2%) participants were women and 979 (21·8%) were men. Participants considered energy consumption (71·0%) and waste and discharges related to medical activities (55·6%) and non-medical activities (50·2%) to be the three activities with the greatest environmental impact. On a scale of 1 (not a priority) to 10 (high priority), the median rating attributed by the participants to the commitment of their hospitals to ecological transformation was 5·0 (IQR 3·0–6·0). 1079 (23·7%) of 4552 participants had already initiated at least one environmental sustainability action in their hospital. Barriers reported by participants to the implementation of environmental sustainability-related projects were the lack of dedicated time (40·4%), hierarchical support (32·5%), methodological support (28·9%), and access to training (23·7%). The presence of a sustainable development steering committee, especially one with more than 5 years of activity, was positively associated with health workers feeling better informed about the ecological transformation of their hospital (adjusted odds ratio 1·78 [95% CI 1·29–2·45]), having better knowledge of the environmental impacts of their hospital (1·83 [1·32–2·53]), and initiating a larger number of environmental sustainability actions (1·74 [1·33–2·29]).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We showed that health workers in French hospitals seem to be committed to the ecological transformation of their workplaces, and identified some drivers and barriers to further support these essential transformations. There is an urgent need to bols","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 6","pages":"Pages e353-e364"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624000998/pdfft?md5=5f7ed40814bd02b858b9123f637015a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624000998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141263729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Managing greenhouse gas emissions in the terminal year of life in an overwhelmed health system: a paradigm shift for people and our planet 在不堪重负的卫生系统中管理生命最后一年的温室气体排放:为人类和我们的地球实现范式转变
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00048-2
Myles Sergeant MD , Olivia Ly MD , Sujane Kandasamy PhD , Prof Sonia S Anand MD PhD , Russell J de Souza SD

Health care contributes 4·4% of global net carbon emissions. Hospitals are resource-intensive settings, using a large amount of supplies in patient care and have high energy, ventilation, and heating needs. This Viewpoint investigates emissions related to health care in a patient's last year of life. End of life (EOL) is a period when health-care use and associated emissions production increases exponentially due primarily to hospital admissions, which are often at odds with patients’ values and preferences. Potential solutions detailed within this Viewpoint are facilitating advanced care plans with patients to ensure their EOL wishes are clear, beginning palliative care interventions earlier when treating a life-limiting illness, deprescribing unnecessary medications because medications and their supply chains make up a significant portion of health-care emissions, and, enhancing access to low-intensity community care settings (eg, hospices) within the last year of life if home care is not available. Our analysis was done using Canadian data, but the findings can be applied to other high-income countries.

医疗保健占全球碳净排放量的 4-4%。医院是资源密集型场所,在病人护理过程中需要使用大量物资,对能源、通风和供暖的需求也很高。本视点调查了病人生命最后一年与医疗相关的排放。生命末期(EOL)是医疗使用和相关排放成倍增加的时期,这主要是由于住院所致,而住院往往与病人的价值观和偏好相悖。本 "观点 "详细阐述了潜在的解决方案,包括促进与患者制定晚期护理计划,以确保患者的临终意愿明确;在治疗局限生命的疾病时,尽早开始姑息护理干预;取消不必要的药物处方,因为药物及其供应链在医疗排放中占很大比例;如果无法提供家庭护理,则在生命的最后一年加强低强度社区护理环境(如临终关怀医院)的使用。我们的分析使用的是加拿大的数据,但分析结果也适用于其他高收入国家。
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引用次数: 0
Quantifying cost of disease in livestock: a new metric for the Global Burden of Animal Diseases 量化牲畜疾病成本:全球动物疾病负担的新指标
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00047-0
William Gilbert PhD , Prof Thomas L Marsh PhD , Gemma Chaters PhD , Wudu T Jemberu PhD , Mieghan Bruce PhD , Wilma Steeneveld PhD , Joao S Afonso PhD , Benjamin Huntington BVetMed3 , Prof Jonathan Rushton PhD

Background

Increasing awareness of the environmental and public health impacts of expanding and intensifying animal-based food and farming systems creates discord, with the reliance of much of the world's population on animals for livelihoods and essential nutrition. Increasing the efficiency of food production through improved animal health has been identified as a step towards minimising these negative effects without compromising global food security. The Global Burden of Animal Diseases (GBADs) programme aims to provide data and analytical methods to support positive change in animal health across all livestock and aquaculture animal populations.

Methods

In this study, we present a metric that begins the process of disease burden estimation by converting the physical consequences of disease on animal performance to farm-level costs of disease, and calculates a metric termed the Animal Health Loss Envelope (AHLE) via comparison between the status quo and a disease-free ideal. An example calculation of the AHLE metric for meat production from broiler chickens is provided.

Findings

The AHLE presents the direct financial costs of disease at farm-level for all causes by estimating losses and expenditure in a given farming system. The general specification of the model measures productivity change at farm-level and provides an upper bound on productivity change in the absence of disease. On its own, it gives an indication of the scale of total disease cost at farm-level.

Interpretation

The AHLE is an essential stepping stone within the GBADs programme because it connects the physical performance of animals in farming systems under different environmental and management conditions and different health states to farm economics. Moving forward, AHLE results will be an important step in calculating the wider monetary consequences of changes in animal health as part of the GBADs programme.

Funding

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme.

背景人们日益认识到,扩大和强化以动物为基础的食品和养殖系统会对环境和公共卫生造成影响,而世界上大部分人口的生计和基本营养都依赖于动物,这就造成了不和谐。通过改善动物健康来提高粮食生产效率,已被视为在不损害全球粮食安全的情况下最大限度地减少这些负面影响的一个步骤。全球动物疾病负担(GBADs)计划旨在提供数据和分析方法,以支持在所有畜牧业和水产养殖业动物种群中积极改变动物健康状况。方法在本研究中,我们提出了一种衡量标准,通过将疾病对动物表现的物理后果转换为农场层面的疾病成本,从而开始疾病负担的估算过程,并通过现状与无疾病理想状况之间的比较,计算出一种称为动物健康损失包络(AHLE)的衡量标准。本报告提供了一个肉鸡肉类生产的 AHLE 指标计算示例。研究结果 AHLE 通过估算给定养殖系统中的损失和支出,给出了所有原因导致的农场级疾病的直接经济成本。该模型的一般规格衡量了农场层面的生产率变化,并提供了无疾病情况下生产率变化的上限。AHLE 是 GBADs 计划的重要组成部分,因为它将养殖系统中动物在不同环境和管理条件下的体能表现以及不同的健康状况与农场经济学联系起来。展望未来,作为 GBADs 计划的一部分,AHLE 结果将成为计算动物健康变化的更广泛货币后果的重要步骤。
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引用次数: 0
Placental DNA methylation signatures of prenatal air pollution exposure and potential effects on birth outcomes: an analysis of three prospective cohorts 产前空气污染暴露的胎盘 DNA 甲基化特征及对出生结果的潜在影响:对三个前瞻性队列的分析
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00045-7
Lucile Broséus PhD , Ariane Guilbert MsC , Ian Hough PhD , Itai Kloog PhD , Anath Chauvaud MSc , Emie Seyve MSc , Daniel Vaiman PhD , Barbara Heude PhD , Cécile Chevrier PhD , Jörg Tost PhD , Rémy Slama PhD , Johanna Lepeule PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pregnancy air pollution exposure (PAPE) has been linked to a wide range of adverse birth and childhood outcomes, but there is a paucity of data on its influence on the placental epigenome, which can regulate the programming of physiological functions and affect child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal air pollutant exposure concentrations and changes in placental DNA methylation patterns, and to explore the potential windows of susceptibility and sex-specific alterations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This multi-site study used three prospective population-based mother–child cohorts: EDEN, PELAGIE, and SEPAGES, originating from four French geographical regions (Nancy, Poitiers, Brittany, and Grenoble). Pregnant women were included between 2003 and 2006 for EDEN and PELAGIE, and between 2014 and 2017 for SEPAGES. The main eligibility criteria were: being older than 18 years, having a singleton pregnancy, and living and planning to deliver in one of the maternity clinics in one of the study areas. A total of 1539 mother–child pairs were analysed, measuring placental DNA methylation using Illumina BeadChips. We used validated spatiotemporally resolved models to estimate PM<sub>2·5</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, and NO<sub>2</sub> exposure over each trimester of pregnancy at the maternal residential address. We conducted a pooled adjusted epigenome-wide association study to identify differentially methylated 5‘–C–phosphate–G–3‘ (CpG) sites and regions (assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip array, n=871), including sex-specific and sex-linked alterations, and independently validated our results (assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, n=668).</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>We identified four CpGs and 28 regions associated with PAPE in the total population, 469 CpGs and 87 regions in male infants, and 150 CpGs and 66 regions in female infants. We validated 35% of the CpGs available. More than 30% of the identified CpGs were related to one (or more) birth outcome and most significant alterations were enriched for neural development, immunity, and metabolism related genes. The 28 regions identified for both sexes overlapped with imprinted genes (four genes), and were associated with neurodevelopment (nine genes), immune system (seven genes), and metabolism (five genes). Most associations were observed for the third trimester for female infants (134 of 150 CpGs), and throughout pregnancy (281 of 469 CpGs) and the first trimester (237 of 469 CpGs) for male infants.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>These findings highlight the molecular pathways through which PAPE might affect child health in a widespread and sex-specific manner, identifying the genes involved in the major physiological functions of a developing child. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether these epigenetic changes persist and affect health later in life.</p></div
背景妊娠期空气污染暴露(PAPE)与多种不良出生和儿童结局有关,但有关其对胎盘表观基因组的影响的数据却很少,而胎盘表观基因组可调节生理功能的编程并影响儿童的发育。本研究旨在调查产前空气污染物暴露浓度与胎盘 DNA 甲基化模式变化之间的关联,并探索易感性和性别特异性改变的潜在窗口:这项多站点研究使用了三个前瞻性基于人口的母婴队列:EDEN、PELAGIE 和 SEPAGES,它们分别来自法国的四个地理区域(南锡、普瓦捷、布列塔尼和格勒诺布尔)。EDEN和PELAGIE在2003年至2006年期间纳入了孕妇,SEPAGES在2014年至2017年期间纳入了孕妇。主要的资格标准是:18 岁以上、单胎妊娠、在研究地区的产科诊所居住并计划分娩。共对 1539 对母婴进行了分析,使用 Illumina BeadChips 对胎盘 DNA 甲基化进行了测量。我们使用经过验证的时空分辨模型来估算孕妇住址在孕期每个三个月的 PM2-5、PM10 和 NO2 暴露量。我们进行了一项汇集调整的全表观基因组关联研究,以确定不同甲基化的5'-C-磷酸-G-3'(CpG)位点和区域(使用Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip阵列进行评估,样本数=871),包括性别特异性和性别连锁改变,并独立验证了我们的结果(使用Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip阵列进行评估,样本数=668)。研究结果我们在全部人群中发现了与 PAPE 相关的 4 个 CpGs 和 28 个区域,在男婴中发现了 469 个 CpGs 和 87 个区域,在女婴中发现了 150 个 CpGs 和 66 个区域。我们验证了 35% 的 CpGs。在已鉴定的 CpGs 中,有 30% 以上与一种(或多种)出生结果有关,而最显著的改变富集于神经发育、免疫和代谢相关基因。在男女两性中发现的 28 个区域与印迹基因(4 个基因)重叠,并与神经发育(9 个基因)、免疫系统(7 个基因)和新陈代谢(5 个基因)相关。在女婴的第三个孕期(150 个 CpGs 中的 134 个),以及男婴的整个孕期(469 个 CpGs 中的 281 个)和第一个孕期(469 个 CpGs 中的 237 个),观察到的关联最多。还需要进一步的研究来阐明这些表观遗传学变化是否会持续存在并影响以后的健康。
{"title":"Placental DNA methylation signatures of prenatal air pollution exposure and potential effects on birth outcomes: an analysis of three prospective cohorts","authors":"Lucile Broséus PhD ,&nbsp;Ariane Guilbert MsC ,&nbsp;Ian Hough PhD ,&nbsp;Itai Kloog PhD ,&nbsp;Anath Chauvaud MSc ,&nbsp;Emie Seyve MSc ,&nbsp;Daniel Vaiman PhD ,&nbsp;Barbara Heude PhD ,&nbsp;Cécile Chevrier PhD ,&nbsp;Jörg Tost PhD ,&nbsp;Rémy Slama PhD ,&nbsp;Johanna Lepeule PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00045-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00045-7","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Background&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pregnancy air pollution exposure (PAPE) has been linked to a wide range of adverse birth and childhood outcomes, but there is a paucity of data on its influence on the placental epigenome, which can regulate the programming of physiological functions and affect child development. This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal air pollutant exposure concentrations and changes in placental DNA methylation patterns, and to explore the potential windows of susceptibility and sex-specific alterations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This multi-site study used three prospective population-based mother–child cohorts: EDEN, PELAGIE, and SEPAGES, originating from four French geographical regions (Nancy, Poitiers, Brittany, and Grenoble). Pregnant women were included between 2003 and 2006 for EDEN and PELAGIE, and between 2014 and 2017 for SEPAGES. The main eligibility criteria were: being older than 18 years, having a singleton pregnancy, and living and planning to deliver in one of the maternity clinics in one of the study areas. A total of 1539 mother–child pairs were analysed, measuring placental DNA methylation using Illumina BeadChips. We used validated spatiotemporally resolved models to estimate PM&lt;sub&gt;2·5&lt;/sub&gt;, PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, and NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; exposure over each trimester of pregnancy at the maternal residential address. We conducted a pooled adjusted epigenome-wide association study to identify differentially methylated 5‘–C–phosphate–G–3‘ (CpG) sites and regions (assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylationEPIC BeadChip array, n=871), including sex-specific and sex-linked alterations, and independently validated our results (assessed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array, n=668).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Findings&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;We identified four CpGs and 28 regions associated with PAPE in the total population, 469 CpGs and 87 regions in male infants, and 150 CpGs and 66 regions in female infants. We validated 35% of the CpGs available. More than 30% of the identified CpGs were related to one (or more) birth outcome and most significant alterations were enriched for neural development, immunity, and metabolism related genes. The 28 regions identified for both sexes overlapped with imprinted genes (four genes), and were associated with neurodevelopment (nine genes), immune system (seven genes), and metabolism (five genes). Most associations were observed for the third trimester for female infants (134 of 150 CpGs), and throughout pregnancy (281 of 469 CpGs) and the first trimester (237 of 469 CpGs) for male infants.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Interpretation&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;These findings highlight the molecular pathways through which PAPE might affect child health in a widespread and sex-specific manner, identifying the genes involved in the major physiological functions of a developing child. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether these epigenetic changes persist and affect health later in life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"8 5","pages":"Pages e297-e308"},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2542519624000457/pdfft?md5=cc5ae087e945591d992264eb795355ea&pid=1-s2.0-S2542519624000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140893442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Community-serving research addressing climate change impacts on vector-borne diseases 针对气候变化对病媒传染疾病影响的社区服务研究
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00049-4
Luis Fernando Chaves PhD , Mariel D Friberg PhD , Prof Mercedes Pascual PhD , Prof Jose E Calzada DVM PhD , Prof Shirley Luckhart PhD , Luke R Bergmann PhD

The impacts of climate change on vector-borne diseases are uneven across human populations. This pattern reflects the effect of changing environments on the biology of transmission, which is also modulated by social and other inequities. These disparities are also linked to research outcomes that could be translated into tools for transmission reduction, but are not necessarily actionable in the communities where transmission occurs. The transmission of vector-borne diseases could be averted by developing research that is both hypothesis-driven and community-serving for populations affected by climate change, where local communities interact as equal partners with scientists, developing and implementing research projects with the aim of improving community health. In this Personal View, we share five principles that have guided our research practice to serve the needs of communities affected by vector-borne diseases.

气候变化对病媒传播疾病的影响在不同人群中并不均衡。这种模式反映了不断变化的环境对传播生物学的影响,这种影响也受到社会和其他不平等因素的制约。这些差异还与研究成果有关,这些成果可以转化为减少传播的工具,但在发生传播的社区却不一定可以付诸行动。通过开展以假设为导向、为受气候变化影响的人群服务的研究,当地社区作为与科学家平等的合作伙伴进行互动,开发和实施以改善社区健康为目标的研究项目,可以避免病媒传染病的传播。在这篇 "个人观点 "中,我们将分享指导我们研究实践的五项原则,以满足受病媒传播疾病影响的社区的需求。
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引用次数: 0
Positive relationship between bird diversity and human mental health: an analysis of repeated cross-sectional data 鸟类多样性与人类心理健康之间的积极关系:重复横截面数据分析
IF 25.7 1区 医学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(24)00023-8
Joel Methorst PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><p>An increasing body of research has examined the link between biodiversity of birds and human mental health, but most studies only use cross-sectional data. Few studies have used longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional data to investigate the mental health benefits of bird diversity. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between bird diversity and mental health at the national level using a unique repeated cross-sectional dataset.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>I used repeated cross-sectional health data from the German National Cohort health study, collected between March, 2014, and September, 2019, and annual bird citizen science data to investigate the effects of bird-diversity exposure on mental health. Mental health was measured using the summary score of the Patient Health Questionnaire depression module 9 (SumPHQ) and the Short Form Health Survey-12 Mental Health Component Scale. As a proxy for bird diversity, I created a unique indicator called reporting-rate richness and combined it with the health data. Reporting-rate richness measures the number of bird species within postcode areas across Germany in probabilities while accounting for variation in survey efforts. Alternative indicators of bird diversity, such as bird-species richness or abundance, were also calculated. Associations between bird diversity and mental health were estimated using linear regression with region and time fixed effects, adjusted for a range of sociodemographic and environmental confounders and spatial autocorrelation. Interaction terms between income levels and reporting-rate richness were also analysed to examine the moderating effect of socioeconomic status.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>I did the analyses for an unbalanced (n=176 362) and balanced (n=125 423) dataset, with the balanced dataset comprising only regions (postcode areas) in which health data were available for each year. The linear fixed-effects regression analysis indicated a significant negative association between reporting-rate richness and SumPHQ, as observed in both the unbalanced dataset (β –0·02, p=0·017) and the balanced dataset (β –0·03, p=0·0037). Similarly, regression results with both datasets showed a positive relationship between reporting-rate richness and Mental Health Component Scale (MCS; unbalanced β 0·02, p=0·0086; balanced β 0·03, p=0·0018). The moderator analyses revealed a significant influence of socioeconomic status on the relationship between reporting-rate richness and mental health. The robustness of these findings was confirmed through sensitivity analyses.</p></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><p>The results suggest that a greater likelihood of having many different bird species in a person's area of residence might positively contribute to mental health, especially for people with lower socioeconomic status. These findings could have implications for biodiversity conservation and health policy decisions, as governmen
背景越来越多的研究探讨了鸟类生物多样性与人类心理健康之间的联系,但大多数研究仅使用横断面数据。很少有研究使用纵向或重复横截面数据来调查鸟类多样性对心理健康的益处。本研究的目的是利用独特的重复横断面数据集,在国家层面分析鸟类多样性与心理健康之间的关系。方法我使用了德国国家队列健康研究的重复横断面健康数据(收集时间为 2014 年 3 月至 2019 年 9 月)和年度鸟类公民科学数据,以调查鸟类多样性暴露对心理健康的影响。心理健康采用患者健康问卷抑郁模块9(SumPHQ)的总分和简表健康调查-12心理健康成分量表进行测量。作为鸟类多样性的替代指标,我创建了一个名为 "报告率丰富度 "的独特指标,并将其与健康数据相结合。报告率丰富度以概率的形式衡量德国邮政编码区内的鸟类物种数量,同时考虑到调查工作的差异。此外,还计算了鸟类多样性的其他指标,如鸟类物种丰富度或丰度。鸟类多样性与心理健康之间的关系采用线性回归法进行估算,其中包含地区和时间固定效应,并对一系列社会人口和环境混杂因素以及空间自相关性进行了调整。此外,还分析了收入水平和报告率丰富度之间的交互项,以研究社会经济地位的调节作用。研究结果 我对非平衡数据集(n=176 362)和平衡数据集(n=125 423)进行了分析,平衡数据集只包括每年有健康数据的地区(邮编区)。线性固定效应回归分析表明,非平衡数据集(β -0-02,p=0-017)和平衡数据集(β -0-03,p=0-0037)的报告率丰富度与 SumPHQ 之间存在显著的负相关。同样,两个数据集的回归结果显示,报告率丰富度与心理健康成分量表(MCS;非平衡 β 0-02,p=0-0086;平衡 β 0-03,p=0-0018)之间存在正相关。调节因子分析显示,社会经济地位对报告率丰富度与心理健康之间的关系有显著影响。这些结果的稳健性在敏感性分析中得到了证实。结果表明,在一个人的居住地区拥有多种不同鸟类的可能性越大,可能会对心理健康产生积极的影响,尤其是对社会经济地位较低的人而言。这些发现可能会对生物多样性保护和健康政策决策产生影响,因为各国政府正面临着全球生物多样性丧失和日益严重的公共心理健康问题等挑战。
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Lancet Planetary Health
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