Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101308
Sumati Bajaj MA , Prof Marco Springmann PhD
Nutrient reference values (NRVs) serve as key benchmarks for assessing nutrient adequacy and informing dietary guidelines. However, their accuracy depends on the quality of the underlying evidence. In this Review, we evaluate the evidence base used by the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to establish NRVs for 21 micronutrients across all life stages. We assessed methodological approaches, sample sizes, publication timelines, and study durations and developed a classification of the quality of evidence based on these factors. Our findings highlight key limitations, including reliance on small and outdated studies, scarce experimental data, and the use of indirect methods such as balance studies and factorial modelling. Although EFSA incorporates more recent evidence than the IOM, gaps in the quality of evidence persist. Strengthening the evidence base through the use of direct, adequacy-related methods, large and long-term studies, and meta-analyses is essential for improving the accuracy of NRVs. Until more robust NRVs are established, our findings suggest that current NRVs are best used cautiously in nutritional assessments, that conclusions should be based on a subset of NRVs with at least a moderate quality of evidence, and that the existing uncertainties should be clearly communicated.
{"title":"A review of the quality of evidence of nutrient reference values","authors":"Sumati Bajaj MA , Prof Marco Springmann PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutrient reference values (NRVs) serve as key benchmarks for assessing nutrient adequacy and informing dietary guidelines. However, their accuracy depends on the quality of the underlying evidence. In this Review, we evaluate the evidence base used by the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to establish NRVs for 21 micronutrients across all life stages. We assessed methodological approaches, sample sizes, publication timelines, and study durations and developed a classification of the quality of evidence based on these factors. Our findings highlight key limitations, including reliance on small and outdated studies, scarce experimental data, and the use of indirect methods such as balance studies and factorial modelling. Although EFSA incorporates more recent evidence than the IOM, gaps in the quality of evidence persist. Strengthening the evidence base through the use of direct, adequacy-related methods, large and long-term studies, and meta-analyses is essential for improving the accuracy of NRVs. Until more robust NRVs are established, our findings suggest that current NRVs are best used cautiously in nutritional assessments, that conclusions should be based on a subset of NRVs with at least a moderate quality of evidence, and that the existing uncertainties should be clearly communicated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 101308"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101337
Prof Hannah H E van Zanten PhD , Vera Bekkers MSc , Felicitas Beier MA , Benjamin L Bodirsky PhD , Thais Diniz Oliveira PhD , Laura Gerwien MSc , Matthew Gibson PhD , Prof Mario Herrero PhD , Renske Hijbeek PhD , Daniel Mason-D’Croz MSc , Prof Alexander Popp PhD , Susanne Rolinski PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , Isabelle Weindl PhD , Wolfram J Simon PhD
Background
The 2025 EAT–Lancet Commission shows that a combination of dietary changes, productivity increases, and reduction of wasted biomass by 2050 can largely reduce agricultural land use and greenhouse gas emissions. However, questions remain about the ability to reduce pressures on planetary nitrogen and phosphorus boundaries, suggesting the need for additional action. We assessed how enhancing circularity and optimising the food system for environmental benefits could complement an EAT–Lancet-aligned food systems transformation.
Methods
We applied the global Circular Food Systems model—a biophysically based food systems model—that employs innovative measures such as circularity to optimise the food system for environmental benefits, ensuring that it operates within planetary boundaries. We used scenarios developed by the 2025 EAT–Lancet Commission multi-model ensemble, comparing a business-as-usual scenario with scenarios that variously optimise food production, reduce wasted biomass, and shift towards a planetary health diet, as well as integrate circularity into the food system to estimate their potential dietary and environmental impacts by 2050.
Findings
Comparing 2020 with 2050, we show that on a global average, total nitrogen use to agricultural land could be reduced by 50%, total phosphorus use could be reduced by 73%, total land use for agriculture could be reduced by 76%; and greenhouse gas emissions from food production could be reduced by 75%, thereby creating a safe operating space for 2050. Most environmental gains are derived from dietary shift, food production optimisation, and reducing wasted biomass, but enhanced circularity is key to bringing both nitrogen and phosphorus use within safe planetary boundaries.
Interpretation
Circularity enhances and extends the benefits of an EAT–Lancet style food systems transformation via recycling waste for feed and fertiliser use, and complements but does not replace the need for dietary changes. An integration of solutions is needed to transition food systems to the safe operating space within planetary boundaries.
Funding
The AVINA Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, and funding related to the 2025 EAT–Lancet Commission.
{"title":"Integrating circularity into the 2025 EAT–Lancet framework: a global modelling analysis","authors":"Prof Hannah H E van Zanten PhD , Vera Bekkers MSc , Felicitas Beier MA , Benjamin L Bodirsky PhD , Thais Diniz Oliveira PhD , Laura Gerwien MSc , Matthew Gibson PhD , Prof Mario Herrero PhD , Renske Hijbeek PhD , Daniel Mason-D’Croz MSc , Prof Alexander Popp PhD , Susanne Rolinski PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , Isabelle Weindl PhD , Wolfram J Simon PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The 2025 EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission shows that a combination of dietary changes, productivity increases, and reduction of wasted biomass by 2050 can largely reduce agricultural land use and greenhouse gas emissions. However, questions remain about the ability to reduce pressures on planetary nitrogen and phosphorus boundaries, suggesting the need for additional action. We assessed how enhancing circularity and optimising the food system for environmental benefits could complement an EAT–<em>Lancet</em>-aligned food systems transformation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We applied the global Circular Food Systems model—a biophysically based food systems model—that employs innovative measures such as circularity to optimise the food system for environmental benefits, ensuring that it operates within planetary boundaries. We used scenarios developed by the 2025 EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission multi-model ensemble, comparing a business-as-usual scenario with scenarios that variously optimise food production, reduce wasted biomass, and shift towards a planetary health diet, as well as integrate circularity into the food system to estimate their potential dietary and environmental impacts by 2050.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Comparing 2020 with 2050, we show that on a global average, total nitrogen use to agricultural land could be reduced by 50%, total phosphorus use could be reduced by 73%, total land use for agriculture could be reduced by 76%; and greenhouse gas emissions from food production could be reduced by 75%, thereby creating a safe operating space for 2050. Most environmental gains are derived from dietary shift, food production optimisation, and reducing wasted biomass, but enhanced circularity is key to bringing both nitrogen and phosphorus use within safe planetary boundaries.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Circularity enhances and extends the benefits of an EAT–<em>Lancet</em> style food systems transformation via recycling waste for feed and fertiliser use, and complements but does not replace the need for dietary changes. An integration of solutions is needed to transition food systems to the safe operating space within planetary boundaries.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>The AVINA Foundation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability, and funding related to the 2025 EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 101337"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101342
Yiorgos Vittis PhD , Prof Michael Obersteiner PhD , Prof H Charles J Godfray PhD , Prof Marco Springmann PhD
Background
Major changes in diets and food systems will be required to limit climate change and meet the Sustainable Development Goals, while providing healthy diets to a growing population. Among others, these changes include what foods are being produced and where, which has implications for the quarter of labourers currently employed in agriculture globally. We estimated the labour requirements for agricultural (primary) production associated with healthy and sustainable diets at global, regional, and national levels.
Methods
We constructed an inventory of agricultural labour requirements per food and region based on farm-level estimates and paired it with a set of diet and food-system scenarios. The scenarios included changes to a set of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns, including flexitarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, and vegan dietary patterns. We combined the inventory of labour requirements with a biophysical input–output model of the global food system to trace how changes in food consumption would affect changes in food production and the associated labour requirements for 20 food groups in 179 countries.
Findings
We found that transitions towards healthy and sustainable food systems could lead to substantial changes in the amount and distribution of agricultural labour. Compared with estimates of food demand in 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario, adopting more plant-based dietary patterns was associated with global reductions in labour requirements ranging from 5% for flexitarian and pescatarian diets to 22–28% for vegetarian and vegan diets. Reductions were strongest in countries currently dominated by livestock production, but a quarter to half of countries showed increased labour requirements to meet increased horticultural demand for fruits and vegetables. The changes in labour requirements were associated with global reductions in labour costs of 0·2–0·6% of gross domestic product annually.
Interpretation
Consistent strategies and political support will be needed to enable just transitions both into and out of agricultural labour.
{"title":"Labour requirements for healthy and sustainable diets at global, regional, and national levels: a modelling study","authors":"Yiorgos Vittis PhD , Prof Michael Obersteiner PhD , Prof H Charles J Godfray PhD , Prof Marco Springmann PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major changes in diets and food systems will be required to limit climate change and meet the Sustainable Development Goals, while providing healthy diets to a growing population. Among others, these changes include what foods are being produced and where, which has implications for the quarter of labourers currently employed in agriculture globally. We estimated the labour requirements for agricultural (primary) production associated with healthy and sustainable diets at global, regional, and national levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We constructed an inventory of agricultural labour requirements per food and region based on farm-level estimates and paired it with a set of diet and food-system scenarios. The scenarios included changes to a set of healthy and sustainable dietary patterns, including flexitarian, pescatarian, vegetarian, and vegan dietary patterns. We combined the inventory of labour requirements with a biophysical input–output model of the global food system to trace how changes in food consumption would affect changes in food production and the associated labour requirements for 20 food groups in 179 countries.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>We found that transitions towards healthy and sustainable food systems could lead to substantial changes in the amount and distribution of agricultural labour. Compared with estimates of food demand in 2030 under a business-as-usual scenario, adopting more plant-based dietary patterns was associated with global reductions in labour requirements ranging from 5% for flexitarian and pescatarian diets to 22–28% for vegetarian and vegan diets. Reductions were strongest in countries currently dominated by livestock production, but a quarter to half of countries showed increased labour requirements to meet increased horticultural demand for fruits and vegetables. The changes in labour requirements were associated with global reductions in labour costs of 0·2–0·6% of gross domestic product annually.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Consistent strategies and political support will be needed to enable just transitions both into and out of agricultural labour.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Wellcome Trust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 101342"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101303
Ferike Thom PhD , Felicitas Beier MA , Matthew Gibson PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , David Chen MSc , Thijs de Lange MSc , Hermen Luchtenbelt MSc , Gianmaria Tassinari PhD , Abhijeet Mishra PhD , Thais Diniz Oliveira PhD
Work on the second EAT-Lancet Commission report on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems began in 2022 and is now nearing completion after 3 years and contributions from more than 100 researchers. The economic modelling undertaken for the Commission was led by the Global Economics Team of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP)—a collaboration that brings together ten global economic models and modelling teams across different institutions. This Viewpoint, authored by ten early-career researchers (ECRs) from AgMIP who worked on the global economic modelling for the 2025 EAT-Lancet Commission, offers the first direct perspectives of ECRs in a large, international collaboration focused on the future of food systems and global economic modelling. The Viewpoint offers a forward-looking perspective on global agroeconomic modelling based on experiences during the project, starting with actionable strategies to enhance the inclusivity and sustainability of international research collaborations. The Viewpoint then identifies key limitations of the models used in the project and offers suggestions for improvement through better integration of demand, policy interventions, biophysical processes, and spatial aspects to increase accuracy and relevance. We build on the reflections on modelling to explain the central role of AgMIP-style research collaboration in the personal and professional development of ECRs. The Viewpoint concludes by reflecting on the broader futures assumed in the models and the implications of a changing political landscape on research from the perspective of ECRs.
{"title":"Between code and conscience: early-career researcher reflections on agroeconomic modelling and international research collaboration","authors":"Ferike Thom PhD , Felicitas Beier MA , Matthew Gibson PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , David Chen MSc , Thijs de Lange MSc , Hermen Luchtenbelt MSc , Gianmaria Tassinari PhD , Abhijeet Mishra PhD , Thais Diniz Oliveira PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Work on the second EAT-<em>Lancet</em> Commission report on healthy, sustainable, and just food systems began in 2022 and is now nearing completion after 3 years and contributions from more than 100 researchers. The economic modelling undertaken for the Commission was led by the Global Economics Team of the Agricultural Model Intercomparison and Improvement Project (AgMIP)—a collaboration that brings together ten global economic models and modelling teams across different institutions. This Viewpoint, authored by ten early-career researchers (ECRs) from AgMIP who worked on the global economic modelling for the 2025 EAT-<em>Lancet</em> Commission, offers the first direct perspectives of ECRs in a large, international collaboration focused on the future of food systems and global economic modelling. The Viewpoint offers a forward-looking perspective on global agroeconomic modelling based on experiences during the project, starting with actionable strategies to enhance the inclusivity and sustainability of international research collaborations. The Viewpoint then identifies key limitations of the models used in the project and offers suggestions for improvement through better integration of demand, policy interventions, biophysical processes, and spatial aspects to increase accuracy and relevance. We build on the reflections on modelling to explain the central role of AgMIP-style research collaboration in the personal and professional development of ECRs. The Viewpoint concludes by reflecting on the broader futures assumed in the models and the implications of a changing political landscape on research from the perspective of ECRs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 101303"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145428831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-01DOI: 10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00087-7
Felicitas D Beier MA , Jan Philipp Dietrich PhD , Jens Heinke PhD , Gabriel Abrahao PhD , Patrick von Jeetze MA , Benjamin Leon Bodirsky PhD , Michael Crawford PhD , Florian Humpenöder PhD , Leon Merfort MA , Isabelle Weindl PhD , Prof Mario Herrero PhD , Daniel Mason-D’Croz MA , Prof Johan Rockström PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , Sofie te Wierik PhD , Anna Norberg PhD , David Klein PhD , Christoph Müller PhD , Prof Hermann Lotze-Campen PhD , Prof Alexander Popp PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ambitious climate change mitigation in all economic sectors is crucial for limiting global warming. Cost-effective mitigation pathways to keep global average temperature increases below 1·5°C by the end of the 21st century often rely on land-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake and biomass supply to other sectors (eg, energy and transport), and demand-side changes in the food system. To evaluate the broader sustainability of land-based climate change mitigation action, we evaluated synergies and trade-offs of individual and combined supply-side mitigation measures across five planetary boundaries. We also examined the role of a food demand transformation aligned with the dietary recommendations of the updated planetary health diet defined in the forthcoming EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission 2.0 report in shaping planetary boundary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this modelling study, we used the dynamic land-system modelling framework MAgPIE to assess the consequences of land-based GHG reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake, increased biomass supply to other sectors, and a food-system transformation towards the planetary health diet including food waste reductions on five planetary boundary domains (climate change, nitrogen, land-system change, freshwater use, and biosphere integrity) relative to a reference scenario without land-system mitigation throughout the century. For each planetary boundary control variable, we calculated the level of planetary boundary transgression (ie, the extent to which scenario outcomes exceeded the defined safe operating space) and assessed the contributions of land-based mitigation strategies to reducing planetary boundary transgressions projected for the reference scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Our projections show that a food-system transformation together with ambitious land-system and energy-system climate change mitigation can limit global warming to below 1·5°C by 2100, while also reducing planetary boundary transgression (particularly for the climate change, land-system change, biosphere integrity, and nitrogen planetary boundaries). However, a safe operating space was not achieved through these mitigation measures, as most planetary boundaries were still projected to remain transgressed by the end of the 21st century. Increased bioenergy supply alone worsened planetary boundary transgression when only looking at land-system impacts, but combining increased bioenergy supply with GHG pricing in the land system alleviated these trade-offs. Food waste reductions and dietary shifts towards the planetary health diet were projected to ease pressures on the land system and reduce planetary boundary transgression of all assessed planetary boundaries.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This research highlights the importance of considering multiple planetary boundaries and the interactions betw
{"title":"Planetary boundaries under a land-based climate change mitigation scenario with a food demand transformation: a modelling study","authors":"Felicitas D Beier MA , Jan Philipp Dietrich PhD , Jens Heinke PhD , Gabriel Abrahao PhD , Patrick von Jeetze MA , Benjamin Leon Bodirsky PhD , Michael Crawford PhD , Florian Humpenöder PhD , Leon Merfort MA , Isabelle Weindl PhD , Prof Mario Herrero PhD , Daniel Mason-D’Croz MA , Prof Johan Rockström PhD , Marina Sundiang PhD , Sofie te Wierik PhD , Anna Norberg PhD , David Klein PhD , Christoph Müller PhD , Prof Hermann Lotze-Campen PhD , Prof Alexander Popp PhD","doi":"10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00087-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2542-5196(25)00087-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ambitious climate change mitigation in all economic sectors is crucial for limiting global warming. Cost-effective mitigation pathways to keep global average temperature increases below 1·5°C by the end of the 21st century often rely on land-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake and biomass supply to other sectors (eg, energy and transport), and demand-side changes in the food system. To evaluate the broader sustainability of land-based climate change mitigation action, we evaluated synergies and trade-offs of individual and combined supply-side mitigation measures across five planetary boundaries. We also examined the role of a food demand transformation aligned with the dietary recommendations of the updated planetary health diet defined in the forthcoming EAT–<em>Lancet</em> Commission 2.0 report in shaping planetary boundary outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this modelling study, we used the dynamic land-system modelling framework MAgPIE to assess the consequences of land-based GHG reductions, increased land-based carbon uptake, increased biomass supply to other sectors, and a food-system transformation towards the planetary health diet including food waste reductions on five planetary boundary domains (climate change, nitrogen, land-system change, freshwater use, and biosphere integrity) relative to a reference scenario without land-system mitigation throughout the century. For each planetary boundary control variable, we calculated the level of planetary boundary transgression (ie, the extent to which scenario outcomes exceeded the defined safe operating space) and assessed the contributions of land-based mitigation strategies to reducing planetary boundary transgressions projected for the reference scenario.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Our projections show that a food-system transformation together with ambitious land-system and energy-system climate change mitigation can limit global warming to below 1·5°C by 2100, while also reducing planetary boundary transgression (particularly for the climate change, land-system change, biosphere integrity, and nitrogen planetary boundaries). However, a safe operating space was not achieved through these mitigation measures, as most planetary boundaries were still projected to remain transgressed by the end of the 21st century. Increased bioenergy supply alone worsened planetary boundary transgression when only looking at land-system impacts, but combining increased bioenergy supply with GHG pricing in the land system alleviated these trade-offs. Food waste reductions and dietary shifts towards the planetary health diet were projected to ease pressures on the land system and reduce planetary boundary transgression of all assessed planetary boundaries.</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>This research highlights the importance of considering multiple planetary boundaries and the interactions betw","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 10","pages":"Article 101249"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144620923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101317
James W Smallcombe PhD , Ruindu N Ranhotty PhD , Aaron J E Bach PhD , Prof Jean P Palutikof PhD , Fahim N Tonmoy PhD , Prof Ashikur R Joarder PhD , Monir Hossain MArch , Nathan B Morris PhD , Prof Anthony Capon MBBS , Yorgi Mavros PhD , Ollie Jay PhD
<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bangladesh frequently experiences extreme heat and humidity, which threatens the health, wellbeing, and productivity of ready-made garment workers. Scalable, sustainable, and low-cost cooling strategies are urgently needed to protect this workforce in low-income and middle-income countries. Therefore, we examined the effects of building-level and personal-level cooling alternatives to air conditioning on worker heat strain in a simulated Bangladesh ready-made garment factory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomised cross over trial (ACTRN12622000457741), healthy participants (aged 18–40 years) recruited from a convenience sample of volunteers from diverse ethnic backgrounds completed six 3-h gender-specific ready-made garment work simulations (males ironed and females sewed) in a climate chamber at the University of Sydney: (1) current factory (control [CON]=40°C, 38% relative humidity); (2) CON with fan (FAN); (3) FAN with drinking water (FAN+HYD); (4) modified rooftop (ROOF=37·5°C, 38% relative humidity); (5) ROOF with fan (ROOF+FAN); and (6) air conditioning (AC=24°C, 40% relative humidity). Primary outcomes were end-trial core temperature, heart rate, and sweat loss fluid deficit. Linear mixed models with fixed effects of intervention and sex and random effects of participant were used for analysis. Pre-planned contrasts compared each intervention to CON, with Dunnett’s correction for multiple testing.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between March 16, 2022, and Nov 25, 2023, 42 participants (20 identifying as females, 22 as males) completed 247 trials. Compared to CON, male core temperature decreased with FAN+HYD (–0·27°C [99% CI –0·44 to –0·09]), ROOF (–0·35°C [–0·53 to –0·17]), ROOF+FAN (–0·28°C [–0·45 to –0·10]), and AC (–0·71°C [–0·89 to –0·53]), but in females, core temperature decreased only with AC (–0·42°C [–0·60 to –0·24]). Male heart rate was lower with FAN (–6 beats per minute [–12 to 0]), FAN+HYD (–13 beats per minute [–19 to –7]), ROOF (–8 beats per minute [–14 to –2]), ROOF+FAN (–11 beats per minute [–17 to –5]), and AC (–34 beats per minute [–41 to –28]), and female heart rate was lower with FAN+HYD (–7 beats per minute [–13 to 0]), ROOF (–8 beats per minute [–15 to –2]), ROOF+FAN (–10 beats per minute [–16 to –4]), and AC (–25 beats per minute [–31 to –18]). Male sweat loss fluid deficit was reduced with FAN+HYD (–704 g [–817 to –591]), ROOF (–205 g [–317 to –93]), and AC (–853 g [–966 to –741]), and in females with FAN+HYD (–439 g [–554 to –324]), ROOF (–131g [–246 to –16]), and AC (–513g [–628 to –398]).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Sustainable cooling interventions can reduce physiological heat strain under peak heat stress conditions in a typical non-airconditioned Bangladeshi ready-made garment factory. Cooling benefits were greater in males, highlighting potential gender-based workplace heat stress inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Wellcome T
{"title":"Sustainable cooling strategies for workers in the ready-made garment factory industry in Bangladesh under simulated extreme heat: a randomised crossover trial","authors":"James W Smallcombe PhD , Ruindu N Ranhotty PhD , Aaron J E Bach PhD , Prof Jean P Palutikof PhD , Fahim N Tonmoy PhD , Prof Ashikur R Joarder PhD , Monir Hossain MArch , Nathan B Morris PhD , Prof Anthony Capon MBBS , Yorgi Mavros PhD , Ollie Jay PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Bangladesh frequently experiences extreme heat and humidity, which threatens the health, wellbeing, and productivity of ready-made garment workers. Scalable, sustainable, and low-cost cooling strategies are urgently needed to protect this workforce in low-income and middle-income countries. Therefore, we examined the effects of building-level and personal-level cooling alternatives to air conditioning on worker heat strain in a simulated Bangladesh ready-made garment factory.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In a randomised cross over trial (ACTRN12622000457741), healthy participants (aged 18–40 years) recruited from a convenience sample of volunteers from diverse ethnic backgrounds completed six 3-h gender-specific ready-made garment work simulations (males ironed and females sewed) in a climate chamber at the University of Sydney: (1) current factory (control [CON]=40°C, 38% relative humidity); (2) CON with fan (FAN); (3) FAN with drinking water (FAN+HYD); (4) modified rooftop (ROOF=37·5°C, 38% relative humidity); (5) ROOF with fan (ROOF+FAN); and (6) air conditioning (AC=24°C, 40% relative humidity). Primary outcomes were end-trial core temperature, heart rate, and sweat loss fluid deficit. Linear mixed models with fixed effects of intervention and sex and random effects of participant were used for analysis. Pre-planned contrasts compared each intervention to CON, with Dunnett’s correction for multiple testing.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Between March 16, 2022, and Nov 25, 2023, 42 participants (20 identifying as females, 22 as males) completed 247 trials. Compared to CON, male core temperature decreased with FAN+HYD (–0·27°C [99% CI –0·44 to –0·09]), ROOF (–0·35°C [–0·53 to –0·17]), ROOF+FAN (–0·28°C [–0·45 to –0·10]), and AC (–0·71°C [–0·89 to –0·53]), but in females, core temperature decreased only with AC (–0·42°C [–0·60 to –0·24]). Male heart rate was lower with FAN (–6 beats per minute [–12 to 0]), FAN+HYD (–13 beats per minute [–19 to –7]), ROOF (–8 beats per minute [–14 to –2]), ROOF+FAN (–11 beats per minute [–17 to –5]), and AC (–34 beats per minute [–41 to –28]), and female heart rate was lower with FAN+HYD (–7 beats per minute [–13 to 0]), ROOF (–8 beats per minute [–15 to –2]), ROOF+FAN (–10 beats per minute [–16 to –4]), and AC (–25 beats per minute [–31 to –18]). Male sweat loss fluid deficit was reduced with FAN+HYD (–704 g [–817 to –591]), ROOF (–205 g [–317 to –93]), and AC (–853 g [–966 to –741]), and in females with FAN+HYD (–439 g [–554 to –324]), ROOF (–131g [–246 to –16]), and AC (–513g [–628 to –398]).</div></div><div><h3>Interpretation</h3><div>Sustainable cooling interventions can reduce physiological heat strain under peak heat stress conditions in a typical non-airconditioned Bangladeshi ready-made garment factory. Cooling benefits were greater in males, highlighting potential gender-based workplace heat stress inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Funding</h3><div>Wellcome T","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 101317"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145334682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101307
Frederic Basso , Torben Trapp
{"title":"On the WEIRDo neoliberal policies that protect free markets over the planet and its people","authors":"Frederic Basso , Torben Trapp","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 101307"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144856802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101320
Ilan Cerna-Turoff , Sayaka Horiuchi , Marzia Lazzerini , Luis Huicho , Sk Masum Billah , Ralf Weigel , Maria Muñiz , Kathleen Strong , Child Health Accountability Tracking Technical Advisory Group to WHO and UNICEF
{"title":"Standardising the measurement of child health indicators within global climate adaptation","authors":"Ilan Cerna-Turoff , Sayaka Horiuchi , Marzia Lazzerini , Luis Huicho , Sk Masum Billah , Ralf Weigel , Maria Muñiz , Kathleen Strong , Child Health Accountability Tracking Technical Advisory Group to WHO and UNICEF","doi":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lanplh.2025.101320","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48548,"journal":{"name":"Lancet Planetary Health","volume":"9 9","pages":"Article 101320"},"PeriodicalIF":21.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号