BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

Background: Plyometric training (PT) was explored as an effective intervention for enhancing muscle strength and power. However, its specific impact on these attributes in martial arts athletes had not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of PT on muscle strength and power in martial arts athletes. Additionally, it aimed to investigate potential moderators that could influence this relationship.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across several databases, including SPORTDiscus, PubMed, CNKI, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies were included if they were controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on measures of muscle strength and/or muscle power in martial arts athletes. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random-effects model based on weighted and averaged standardized mean differences. Moderator analyses were performed for variables related to age and training. The ROB2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and the extended Egger's test.

Results: The analysis included fifteen studies with a total of 499 participants aged 12 to 24 years. The findings indicated that PT had a small-to-moderate effect on muscle strength (ES = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.87, p < 0.001) and power (ES = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.71, p = 0.001). Furthermore, neither age nor training parameters significantly moderated the effect of PT on muscle strength and power.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that PT effectively enhanced muscle strength and power in martial arts athletes. However, additional trials are recommended to determine the optimal training doses and further explore the interactions among training variables to improve muscle strength and power in these athletes.

Trial registration: https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? Record ID = 579,901, identifier CRD42024579901.

Physical fitness is a critical marker of overall health across all age groups, influencing longevity and quality of life. This systematic review assessed the use of remote physical fitness assessments, a crucial adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic that broadened access to health monitoring outside traditional settings. The review included 35 studies, covering various age groups and health conditions, and evaluated 48 physical fitness tests across eight physical fitness components. Balance, muscular strength, and endurance were the most frequently assessed, with tests like the 30-second sit-to-stand (30s-STS) showing strong validity, reliability, and feasibility for remote use. However, the study population was mainly adults and older adults, with nearly no focus on children, revealing a significant gap in research for younger populations. Additionally, the review identified gaps in assessing components such as body composition, reaction time, and agility, which are crucial for a comprehensive assessment of physical fitness. These gaps underscore the need for further research and development of reliable and valid remote assessment tools. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of standardizing remote physical fitness assessments to ensure their validity, reliability, and feasibility making them effective tools for health monitoring across diverse populations and settings.

Background: Aquatic training is known for its effective and gentle rehabilitation benefits, but its impact on athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) remains underexplored. This study compares the effects of water-based and land-based balance training on functional performance, dynamic balance, fear of reinjury, and quality of life in athletes with CAI.

Methods: Forty-one athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) were randomly assigned to water-based (WBBE, n = 21) or land-based (LBBE, n = 20) balance exercise groups, completing 24 sessions of 30-45 min over 8 weeks. Assessments before and after the interventions included functional ankle instability (CAIT), kinesiophobia (TSK-17), quality of life (SF-36), dynamic postural control (Y Balance Test), and functional performance (Figure-8 hop and single-limb side-hop tests). Perceived treatment effects were measured using the Global Rating of Change (GROC) post-intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).

Results: The statistical analysis of the study revealed no significant time × group interaction effects for CAIT scores, kinesiophobia scores, the Psychological Quality of Life (QoL) Component, or SEBT scores (p > 0.05). The LBBE group showed significant improvements in functional tasks, specifically in F8H and SLSH scores, compared to the WBBE group (p < 0.05), while the WBBE group had better outcomes in overall Quality of Life and the Physical QoL Component than the LBBE group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Both land-based and water-based balance exercises benefit athletes with CAI, with land-based exercises improving functional performance and water-based exercises enhancing physical and overall Quality of Life. A flexible rehabilitation program combining both approaches can optimize recovery, addressing specific needs, even though no significant differences were found in ankle stability, kinesiophobia, psychological Quality of Life, and dynamic balance between the two methods.

Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry under Clinical Trials UMIN000051746 on July 29, 2023.

Background: Heat stroke, a severe heat illness with organ damage, is a major cause of cause irreparable organ damage and higher death rates among military persons and athletes.

Objectives: To study the changes in blood lactate (Lac) levels and lactate clearance rate (LCR) in athletes with heat illness of varying degrees after high-intensity exercise and to evaluate their prognostic value.

Material and methods: In present study, acute care unit admitted 36 heat sickness patients following high-intensity exercise from December 2019 to July 2024, with comprehensive medical records, for retrospective study. The study population consisted of two groups of high level athletes: the favourable Prognosis Group (< 7 days, 22 cases), comprising 21 males and 1 female with a mean age of 21.8 ± 2.7 years, and the bad Prognosis Group (≥ 7 days, 14cases), consisting of 14 males with a mean age of 22.6 ± 3.2 years. Lac levels were assessed at admission (0 h) and early in therapy (2 h, 6 h), and the LCR was computed. Lac and LCR values at each time point were compared between the two groups to see how they affected patient prognosis.

Results: After 2 and 6 h of therapy, lactate levels decreased significantly in the good prognosis group (1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L at 2 h and 0.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L at 6 h), but remained elevated in the poor prognosis group (4.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L at 2 h and 3.5 ± 1.5 mmol/L at 6 h). Core body temperature normalized in both groups, but the good prognosis group showed a more rapid decline, with temperatures of 37.4 ± 0.6 °C at 2 h and 36.8 ± 0.4 °C at 6 h in the good prognosis group, and 38.8 ± 0.8 °C at 2 h and 38.2 ± 0.9 °C at 6 h in the poor prognosis group. Notably, a significant positive correlation existed between lactate levels and APACHE II scores at admission (P < 0.01). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that the 2-hour lactate clearance rate (LCR) (R² = 0.83) was an independent predictor of outcomes.

Conclusions: The study suggests that athletes with elevated lactate levels after heat illness may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes. The 2-hour lactate clearance rate (LCR) appears to be a valuable prognostic indicator, with potential applications in evaluating the severity of heat illness and guiding treatment decisions. Furthermore, dynamic monitoring of lactate levels in conjunction with LCR may provide valuable insights into the clinical management and prognosis of athletes with heat-related illnesses.

Background: Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas.

Methods: Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance.

Results: There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = - 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r² = 0.52-0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r² = 0.29-0.45 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes.

Background: The Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test (CKCUEST) is a physical performance test designed to assess the upper extremity (UE) stability. However, only one outcome measure is provided for both UEs, limiting its application if the UEs are not similarly involved. Moreover, the changes in loads sustained by the support UE throughout the movement may influence the support UE stability. Additional knowledge on the underpinning biomechanical mechanics of the performance is therefore needed to better understand how to use the measure of the CKCUEST to design the athlete's physical ability development or recovery. This study aimed to investigate the influence of phase and dominance on kinetic and support UE muscular demand during a modified-CKCUEST touch.

Methods: Twenty-five male multisport athletes (age: 26.0 ± 11.3 years; mass: 77.8 ± 23.3 kg; height: 179.0 ± 6.5 cm) performed the modified-CKCUEST, i.e. hands at half span apart. The ground reaction forces (GRF) and activity of eight perihumeral and scapulothoracic muscles of support UE were recorded and analyzed according to the UE dominance and phase (takeoff vs. landing). Statistical non-Parametric Mapping analyses were used to assess the effects of dominance and phase on the support UE GRF and the effects of dominance, phase, and muscle on the support UE muscle activity.

Results: The scapulothoracic and perihumeral muscles of the support UE were activated at low-to-very-high levels during the modified-CKCUEST touch. Variations in muscular activity over a touch were required to sustain variations in loads in medial, vertical, and posterior directions. Lower loads were observed during the takeoff phase than those during the landing phase (p < 0.05). Despite similar muscular activities in both UEs, the dominant UE sustained higher medial loads than the non-dominant UE (p < 0.05), while opposite results were observed for posterior loads (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: The modified-CKCUEST involves similar muscle activity of the support UE in response to varying loads sustained in different directions according to dominance. The quantitative assessment provided by the modified-CKCUEST score may be complemented by a qualitative observation of body displacements, allowing coaches and clinicians to identify limitations in the stability of the UEs.

Background: This qualitative analysis aimed to: identify the physical and physiological factors that characterize elite WKF kumite and kata athletes, identify testing protocols that are used to examine the above mentioned profiles of WKF karatekas and indicate the variables that are significant for elite-level performance.

Methods: A search of electronic databases (PubMed, EBSCO, Scopus) was conducted to identify all studies on physical and physiological profile in elite karatekas from 2012 to 2024. A JBI Qualitative Data Extraction Tool for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence was fulfilled in order to determine which variables should be extracted. The quality of the included studies was assessed based on the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist.

Results: 164 full-text articles were evaluated to determine eligibility, while 20 met the inclusion criteria and were subjected to detailed analysis, including risk of bias assessment. Finally, 17 full-text articles were included in the qualitative analysis. The following motor abilities and physiological components were evaluated by researchers: muscular strength (n = 8) muscular power (n = 11), speed (n = 8), agility (n = 6), flexibility (n = 6), aerobic metabolism (n = 9), anaerobic metabolism (n = 5).

Conclusions: The force-velocity characteristics with the dominant effect of the velocity component seem to be crucial in regard to performance outcomes in WKF karatekas. Moreover, elite karatekas are characterized by high flexibility of the hamstring muscles and well developed speed and agility abilities. The efficiency of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism is significant for high-performance in elite WKF kumite athletes, however aerobic capacity may be crucial. It is difficult to confirm the impact of the above mentioned energy systems on kata performance. Athlete's age category and sex-related variables may affect the level of the analyzed motor abilities.

Background: The evidence indicates that functional training is beneficial for athletes' physical and technical performance. However, a systematic review of the effects of functional training on athletes' physical and technical performance is lacking. Therefore, this study uses a literature synthesis approach to evaluate the impact of functional training on the physical and technical performance of the athletic population and to extend and deepen the existing body of knowledge.

Methods: This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the researchers performed a systematic search of five international electronic databases using the predefined terms "functional training" and "athletes" on 15th November 2023: Web of Science, CINAHL PLUS, PubMed, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. A PICOS approach was used to identify the following inclusion criteria: (1) athletes, (2) a functional training program, (3) an active control group, (4) a measure of physical and/or technical performance, and (5) randomized controlled studies. A methodological quality assessment of the original research was conducted using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (Pedro) scale. The review was performed using the PRIMSA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022347943).

Results: Of the 1059 potentially eligible studies identified, 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies included were conducted on 819 athletes from 12 different countries and were published between 2011 and 2023. The assessment was performed on the Pedro scale, and the mean Pedro score for the included studies was 5.57 (moderate quality, ranging from 4 to 10). The eligibility study reported on 14 different types of sports, with 22 studies focusing on physical performance and 11 studies focusing on technical performance. These studies have shown that functional training can significantly improve the physical and technical performance of athlete populations, but in some studies, no significant difference in the data was observed between groups.

Conclusion: Functional training is an effective training method for enhancing the physical and technical performance of athlete populations. However, no significant difference in the data was observed between the functional training groups and the regular training group, which may be due to the duration of the training program, the different training experiences of the athletes, and the different focuses of the training regimens. Therefore, future studies should focus on the physical and technical performance of different sports groups with different types and durations of functional training programs to expand the current evidence base.

Background: For patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery (RCR), it is crucial to prevent falls to minimize the risk of re-tearing the repaired muscles. Shoulder immobilization during the postoperative period may lead to a decline in postural balance. This prospective cohort study aimed to investigate the postural balance of patients in the early postoperative period following arthroscopic RCR.

Methods: Thirty-five patients (17 female/18 male, aged 49.56 ± 13.41 years) were assessed preoperatively, on the postoperative day 2, and at the postoperative week 6. Postural balance was evaluated using the Overall Stability Index (OSI), Antero-Posterior Stability Index (API), Medio-Lateral Stability Index (MLI), and Limits of Stability (LOS) tests conducted with the Biodex Balance System. Additionally, the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain score and Constant-Murley Score were recorded.

Results: The OSI and API values recorded on both postoperative day 2 and postoperative week 6 were statistically significantly worse than preoperative values. (p = 0.02, p = 0.03, respectively). Conversely, no statistically significant differences were observed across all three measurements for the MLI and LOS values (p > 0.05). The VAS score demonstrated a statistically significant decrease, while the Constant-Murley Score exhibited a statistically significant increase at the final measurement (both p < 0.001).

Conclusion: This study highlights that postural stability significantly declines during the early postoperative period following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, with specific impairments in anterior-posterior stability, despite improvements in pain and shoulder function. These findings underscore the need for early, targeted rehabilitation interventions to address balance deficits and reduce the risk of falls, potentially improving overall recovery outcomes.

Background: Motor coordination (MC) is one of the main components of motor competence. Children with Intellectual disabilities (ID) usually have weaknesses in MC and related components. Therefore, the aim of study was to investigate the effect of mini-basketball training (MBT) versus general physical education programs on improving the motor coordination of children with intellectual disabilities ID.

Methods: The current study was a semi-experimental and practical research, with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The Participants of this study consisted of 30 boy children with ID (aged 11.53 ± 1.87 years old). Then they were randomly assigned to two groups: control (n = 15) and experimental or MBT (n = 15). A developmental coordination disorder (DCD) questionnaire was used to identify DCD, and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test was used to evaluate MC. The experimental group performed MBT for 45 min, 3 times/week for 8 weeks. The control group only participated in general physical education programs. The data were analyzed by means of 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA followed by post hoc comparison (Bonferroni) at the significance level of (P < 0.05). The statistical analysis was done using SPSS, 25.

Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between the MBT (experimental) and control groups in variables of the walking backwards (F = 25.36; P = 0.001; ES = 0.47), vertical hopping (F = 7.15; P = 0.01; ES = 0.20), lateral jumping (F = 26.83; P = 0.001; ES = 0.48), lateral movement (F = 9.77; P = 0.004; ES = 0.25) and overall score of KTK (F = 27.37; P = 0.001; ES = 0.49).

Conclusion: The results showed that the use of MBT, which is considered a type of sports game, could improve the global motor coordination of the children with ID and DCD. Based on the results, coaches and therapists are advised to use MBT for improving the MC of this population.

Trial registration: No IRCT20190425043370N2 (date of registration on January 10, 2024). registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.