BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

Background: Raw data obtained through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) have been applied in different populations to assess body fluids and cell integrity. Assessing raw BIA parameters in specific muscles is an emerging method for evaluating muscle function. We investigated the associations of the BIA-derived variables of resistance (R), reactance (Xc) and phase angle (PhA) measured through whole-body (WB) and muscle-localized (ML) methods with performance in the countermovement jump (CMJ) and 50-meter (m) sprint.

Methods: Thirty-one male track and field athletes (16.5 ± 1.6 years) were assessed. Fat-free mass (FFM) and Fat mass percentage (%FM) were determined by skinfold thickness. BIA at 50 kHz was employed to obtain the WB and ML (right thigh) parameters. The WB and ML-BIA parameters were adjusted by height (R/H, Xc/H) and segment length (R/L, Xc/L). The CMJ assessment was conducted via a contact mat; the software recorded the jump height. The 50-m sprint time was measured via two sets of photocells. Pearson's correlation and linear multiple regression were performed.

Results: ML-PhA was inversely related to the 50-m sprint (β=-0.56) and by itself explained 29% of the sprint time variation. It remained a significant predictor even after adjusting for age, height, FFM and peak height velocity (PHV). ML-R/L was directly related to 50-m sprint (β = 0.48) and inversely related to CMJ performance (β=-0.54), explaining 20% and 27% of the variation in 50-m sprint and CMJ performance, respectively. Similarly, it remained a significant predictor in the adjusted models. Correlations between WB-BIA (PhA, R/H) and performance tests were found to be dependent on covariates.

Conclusions: In this sample, the ML-BIA parameters of R/L and PhA were significantly associated with performance independent of age, height, FFM and PHV. Higher ML-PhA values were associated with better sprint times, whereas higher ML-R/L values were associated with worse sprint times and CMJ performance.

Background: Recent research has found that strengthening hip joint stability can considerably affect foot mechanics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of short foot exercises (SFEs), combined exercises (CEs), and SFEs with isometric hip abduction (IHA) on navicular drop (ND), static parameters (SP), and postural sway in women with flat foot (FF).

Methods: This study recruited 45 women with flexible FF. The participants were divided into three groups: the CEs group, who performed a series of strengthening, stretching, and balancing exercises, the SFEs group, and the SFEs with IHA group. The groups carried out their assigned regimens daily for six weeks. ND, SP, and postural sway (center of pressure (CoP) parameters) were measured using the ND test and pedoscan device. The data was analysed using a repeated-measures ANOVA statistical test (p≤0.05).

Results: The results showed that all three groups decreased in ND, surface, and foot rotation in the post-test compared to the pre-test (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in the maximum pressure (P = 0.616) and anteroposterior fluctuations (P = 0.065) of the CEs group. Both SFEs and SFEs with IHA groups showed a reduction in all CoP parameters. When comparing the ND (P = 0.22) and mediolateral sway (P = 0.035) of the SFEs with IHA group, a significant difference was observed compared to the CEs group. Additionally, the SFEs with IHA group had a higher percentage of changes in all variables compared to the other two groups.

Conclusions: SFEs with IHA appear more effective than other training methods in reducing ND and decreasing CoP oscillations and stance parameters. Future studies should investigate the long-term effect of this exercise protocol.

Trial registration: Name of the registry: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials.

Trial registration number: IRCT20220409054456N.

Date of registration: 28/09/2022. URL OF TRIAL REGISTRY RECORD: https://fa.irct.ir/trial/63065 .

Background: Increasing body mass index (BMI) has many negative effects on the physical and mental health of university students and has become a common public health problem in all countries. However, there are few studies on the association between BMI and physical fitness indicators among Chinese university students in developing countries, and the findings are inconsistent. The present study aims to analyze the association between BMI and physical fitness indicators among Chinese university students, to assist in university students' health development and intervention.

Methods: In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional assessment of BMI of 29,371 university students and a cross-sectional assessment of physical fitness indicators of vital capacity, sit and reach, pull-up(boys), sit-up(girls), standing long jump, 50 m dash, 1000 m run(boys ), 800 m run(girls). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation analysis, and nonlinear regression modeling were used to analyze the associations that existed between BMI and various physical fitness indicators.

Results: The percentages of Chinese university students in emaciated, normal, overweight, and obese were 17.8%, 65.3%, 14.9%, and 2.0%, respectively. Comparing between different BMI groups (emaciated, normal, overweight, and obesity), for boys, the effect values ranged from 1.0 to 2.0% for the items of vital capacity, sit and reach, pull-up/situp, standing long jump, 50 m dash, and 1000/800 m-run. For run events, the range of effect sizes ranged from 0.2 to 0.9; the range of effect sizes for girls also ranged from 0.2 to 0.9.

Conclusions: The physical fitness level of emaciated and obese Chinese university students is generally lower than that of normal-weight students, and the relationship between BMI and physical fitness indicators shows a "U-shape" or "inverted U-shape" curve. The effect of BMI on physical fitness is more significant in boys than in university girls. In the future, targeted physical exercise and health education should be provided to emaciated and obese university students to maintain a reasonable body weight and promote the healthy development of physical fitness.

Background: Physical function constitutes a key component of outcome assessment for almost all osteoarthritis interventions. The aim was to compare physical function measured using a self-assessed performance-based test versus self-reported function using questionnaires among individuals with knee or hip osteoarthritis (OA) participating in a digital exercise and education therapy.

Methods: We analysed data from individuals aged 40 + years participating in the digital program. We extracted data on the self-assessed 30-second chair stand test (30s CST) and the function subscales of Knee injury/Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score 12 (KOOS-12/HOOS-12) at enrolment and 3- (n = 10884) and 12-month (n = 3554) follow-ups. Participants completed Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) pain, EQ-5D-5L, and an external anchor: global rating of change scale. Correlations were assessed using the Spearman correlation coefficient, responsiveness using standardized response mean (SRM) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and agreement using weighted percent of agreement and weighted Gwet's agreement coefficient.

Results: Correlations were weak between the 30s CST and KOOS-12/HOOS-12 function (r < 0.35 for raw and r < 0.20 for change scores). Correlations with NRS pain and EQ-5D-5L were stronger for the KOOS-12/HOOS-12 function subscale than for 30s CST. Greater internal (SRM > 1 vs. SRM < 0.5) and lower external responsiveness were observed for the 30s CST versus the KOOS-12/HOOS-12 function, even though external responsiveness was generally inadequate for both (the area under the ROC curves < 0.7). The direction of change was similar for the two function measures for about 70% of subjects with moderate agreement between them (weighted Gwet's agreement coefficient range 0.45 to 0.50).

Conclusion: Weak correlations and moderate agreements between function measured using performance-based test and self-reported using KOOS-12/HOOS-12 in people with knee or hip OA suggest that they may capture different aspects of functional abilities in this population.

Background: In Italy, Legislative Decree No. 36/2021 and Ministerial Decree (MD) No. 1649/2023 have redefined the professional landscape of the physical activity and health sectors, emphasizing interdisciplinary and wellness-oriented education. The current disparity in the weighting of formative elements among the biomedical, psycho-pedagogical, and Exercise and Sport Sciences (ESS) fields in the configuration of degree courses in ESS has led to a need for reform. MD No. 1649/2023 offers an opportunity to reform these courses to emphasize interdisciplinary and wellness-oriented objectives, including at least 20 ECTS credits of practical activities in ESS disciplines. However, the impact of practical and laboratory activities on future kinesiologists has never been studied. This study aims to evaluate the impact of physical activity habits on the performance and self-assessment of ESS students.

Method: A sample of 56 students enrolled in the Master of Science in Sport Science and Techniques at the University of Salerno was divided into "active" and "inactive" groups based on their physical activity levels, according to WHO guidelines. Both groups underwent anthropometric and functional tests, including the Squat Jump (SJ) and Countermovement Jump (CMJ). Descriptive statistics and t-tests assessed the differences between and within groups.

Results: The "active" group exhibited significantly higher performance in SJ (15.7% higher) and CMJ (18.5% higher) compared to the "inactive" group. Both groups showed significant improvements in jump height from SJ to CMJ, with the "active" group improving by 11.04% and the 'non-active' group by 7.38%.

Conclusion: Continuous physical activity enhances functional efficiency, with significant gains in explosive and reactive strength. Practical, evidence-based training is crucial for future kinesiologists to provide specialized services and promote health, underscoring the importance of integrating substantial practical activities in ESS degree courses.

Objectives: To evaluate the acute effect of exposure to a potentiation warm-up protocol compared to a usual warm-up program.

Design: Randomized parallel control trial.

Setting: Synthetic grass in the club's facilities (Portugal).

Participants: Seventeen female football players (age: 23.9 ± 3.9 years), were randomly allocated to a control (n = 8) and an experimental group (n = 9). To allocate the players, a table was computer-generated by a research team member with no involvement in the trial.

Intervention: The control group performed their usual warm-up program, while the experimental group performed a potentiation warm-up protocol with jumps combined with sprints with change of direction.

Main outcomes measures: The players were tested pre- and post-intervention for a 40-m linear sprint and pre-planned change of direction using the T-test.

Statistical analysis: An intention-to-treat analysis was performed, with all the participants originally randomized being involved. The normal distribution was verified by the Shapiro-Wilk test. The assumption of sphericity was analyzed. Effect sizes were calculated using partial eta squared.

Results: No significant pre-post differences in the T-test and in the 40-m sprint were detected for any group. However, in the T-test, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.27 s; p > 0.05, η_p² = 0.176) and control groups (0.06 s; p > 0.05, η_p² = 0.176). Also, in the 40-m sprint, large effect sizes in time increments were observed within the experimental (0.05 s; p > 0.05, η_p² = 0.251) and control groups (0.09 s; p > 0.05, η_p² = 0.251).

Conclusions: The performance-enhancing ability of the potentiation method performed at warm-up was not verified when applied to female football players. Thus, the potentiation methods may not improve sprint and COD ability for this population. However, the lack of statistical significance may have been due to reduced statistical power, as three of four effects suggest acute performance impairment after a supposed potentiation-oriented warm-up. Nevertheless, the presence of a statistical type 2 error cannot be ruled out.

Registration number (retrospectively registered): NCT06555185; Project URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06555185 .

Introduction: Data on the resumption of sporting activity (return-to-sport, RTS) after traumatic spine injuries are mainly available for elite athletes. This study aimed to determine the RTS rate in amateurs after spine injury and to identify factors possibly influencing RTS.

Methods: First, a retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with traumatic spine injuries receiving inpatient treatment at a national trauma center from 2016 to 2020 was performed. Patients up to the age of 60 who were active in sports before the injury were included. Patients with the following relevant concomitant injuries were excluded: spinal cord injury, pelvic injury, extremity injuries, as well as craniocerebral trauma grade 2 or higher. A telephone interview on participants' RTS within the first year after the injury was conducted. Participants with early and those with late or no RTS were compared in univariate analysis regarding potential influencing factors. The level of significance was set to p < .05.

Results: Thirty-seven women (39%) and 57 men (61%) were included. The mean age was 44 years (16-60). The numbers of patients per injured segment of the spine were: cervical 15 (16%), thoracic 28 (30%), lumbar 33 (35%), multiple spine segments 18 (19%). Thirty patients (32%) were treated conservatively and 64 (68%) surgically. The RTS rate after six months was 62%, corresponding to 57 patients. Compared to patients with late or no RTS, patients with RTS within six months had a significantly lower BMI (24.6 vs. 27.4 kg/qm, p = .004), had isolated cervical spine injuries significantly more often (24% vs. 6%, p = .020), and had undergone outpatient or inpatient rehabilitation significantly less often (35% vs. 72%, p < .001). There were non-significant trends regarding mean age (42 vs. 46 years, p = .175), surgical therapy (66% vs. 75%, p = .333), and the proportion of patients who, before the injury, had been physically active for at least five hours per week (50% vs. 33%, p = .113). Patients with RTS within six months had sustained their spinal injury in a sports accident twice as often (28% vs. 14%, p = .121). Gender, preexisting medical or spinal conditions, severe injuries (types A4, B or C according to AO Spine), and surgical therapy were not significantly associated with RTS. The RTS rate within twelve months was 81% (76 patients).

Conclusion: The RTS rate in amateur athletes after an isolated spinal injury without spinal cord injury was high, with 62% after six and 81% after twelve months. This reflects the effectiveness of the existing treatment and posttreatment concepts. Normal-weight patients and isolated cervical injury are favorable factors for RTS. The use of inpatient rehabilitation as a marker of protracted healing is associated with delayed or no RTS.

Background: This study aimed to study the effect of low-intensity muscle strength training on postoperative rehabilitation of patients with knee osteoarthritis over 55 years of age and the incidence of adverse events by a meta-analysis.

Methods: We searched China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), PubMed, Web of science, and Embase databases for articles on the effect of low-intensity muscle strength training on the recovery of patients with knee arthritis. And meta-analysis combined effect was performed in R 4.2.2 software. Quantitative analysis and risk of bias were assessed by Begg's and Eegger's test.

Results: Meta-analysis showed that the effect of low-intensity muscle strength training on postoperative knee range of motion in patients with knee arthritis was mean difference (MD) = 5.20, 95% CI=[4.00, 6.40], τ² = 0.43, P = 0.34; the effect on postoperative muscle strength was standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.24, 95% CI=[0.86, 1.61], τ² = 0.07, P < 0.01; the effect on postoperative knee joint score was MD = 5.88, 95%CI=[2.09, 9.67], τ² = 16.60, P < 0.01; the effect on postoperative knee visual analogue scale (VAS) score was MD=-1.12, 95%CI =[-1.43, -0.81], τ² = 0.09, P < 0.001; the effect on the incidence of adverse events was RR = 0.85, 95%CI= [0.52 1.39], τ² = 0.79, P = 0.04.

Conclusion: Low-intensity muscle strength training can improve the muscle strength of the affected limb and knee joint score, reduce the VAS score and the incidence of adverse events in patients with knee osteoarthritis over 55 years of age after surgery, but it has no effect on the postoperative knee range of motion, so it can be considered as appropriate in clinical selection.

Background: People living with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) often experience symptoms such as irregular heartbeat, shortness of breath, and fatigue, which can significantly limit their physical activity and overall quality of life. The existing approach to managing AF predominantly revolves around medication and medical procedures, and no prescription of tailored rehabilitation program (RP) is currently offered for this population.

Aims: This study aims to gauge the perspectives of healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of a personalised RP for individuals living with AF and to identify the barriers hindering the referral process.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among healthcare professionals in the UK responsible for caring for adults with AF. The survey consisted of twelve questions designed to uncover healthcare professionals' views on RP for individuals with AF.

Results: A total of 209 respondents participated in the survey, with 57% being female and 43% identifying as specialist arrhythmia nurses. A significant majority (61%) of the participants expressed agreement that an RP could help individuals with AF regain their ability to carry out daily activities, and 58% believed that RP could effectively alleviate symptoms such as breathlessness and palpitations (52%). Virtually all respondents (99%) recommended that a tailored program should encompass education about AF, weight management, and symptom control (94%). Notably, the primary factor influencing their decision to make a referral was the low physical activity levels (80%). Transportation emerged as the chief obstacle to referring patients to the program (62%). A substantial majority (79%) favoured a home-based rehabilitation program as the optimal mean of delivery.

Conclusions: The responses from healthcare professionals reflect a keen interest in implementing a program tailored to individuals with AF, with patients' low physical activity levels being the primary motivator for referrals. Home-based rehabilitation was the preferred mode of delivery, followed by digital interventions.

Background: Considering the low rate of qualitative studies on athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), aiming to access in-depth data, we thought that the utilization of the qualitative method would allow us to collect the appropriate and sufficient data to yield novel findings and achieve sound conclusions. The study's aim was to investigate anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury experience processes in athletes who had undergone isolated ACLR, reveal the clinically related milestones, and highlight the necessary gaps.

Methods: Semi-structured interview techniques, in-depth follow-up questions, and thematic analysis were used to explore the experiences of participants with isolated ACL injuries 1-3 years after surgical treatment. The study was conducted in the Orthopaedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic of the Adana City Training and Research Hospital and included 14 male athletes who had undergone isolated primary ACLR. The study group's demographic and qualitative data were collected in the first week of September 2023. The member checking process was completed in the third following week. A thematic analysis checklist was used to ensure the reliability of the thematic analysis. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting of Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines were followed.

Results: The experiences of 14 patients (22.78 ± 3.76 years, all males) were summarized into four themes that emerged from the data analysis process: 'The Distinctions in the Participants' Experiences Regarding the Moment of Injury,' 'Gathering Information about the ACL Injury,' 'Factors That Facilitate The Treatment Process and Reinforce Positive Experiences,' and 'Desperate Plight: Main Points of Patients' Negative Experiences.' Based on the main themes, there were 14 subthemes.

Conclusions: Our study revealed that varying perceptions of ACL injury presented by the participants, which were caused by all stakeholders, including themselves, the professional environment, family members, social network, and the healthcare staff, showed that the physical and psychological impacts of the injury were observed in different severity levels at each stage of the process. We believe that an extensive guide for athletes with ACL injuries that includes all components of well-being and displays the required details for the sports club/coach, family/companion, and physician.