BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation最新文献

Background: Insightful motion analysis provides valuable information for athlete health, a crucial aspect of sports medicine. This systematic review presents an analytical overview of the use of various sensors in motion analysis for sports injury assessment.

Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted in February 2024 using search terms related to "sport", "athlete", "sensor-based technology", "motion analysis", and "injury." Studies were included based on PCC (Participants, Concept, Context) criteria. Key data, including sensor types, motion data processing methods, injury and sport types, and application areas, were extracted and analyzed.

Results: Forty-two studies met the inclusion criteria. Inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors were the most commonly used for motion data collection. Sensor fusion techniques have gained traction, particularly for rehabilitation assessment. Knee injuries and joint sprains were the most frequently studied injuries, with statistical methods being the predominant approach to data analysis.

Conclusions: This review comprehensively explains sensor-based techniques in sports injury motion analysis. Significant research gaps, including the integration of advanced processing techniques, real-world applicability, and the inclusion of underrepresented domains such as adaptive sports, highlight opportunities for innovation. Bridging these gaps can drive the development of more effective, accessible, and personalized solutions in sports health.

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is characterized by recurrent sprains and persistent symptoms, which impair postural control. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of various linear and nonlinear postural stability measures in distinguishing individuals with CAI from healthy controls.

Methods: Postural stability was assessed in 24 participants (12 with CAI and 12 healthy controls) using a force platform under four conditions: hard surface with eyes open, hard surface with eyes closed, soft surface with eyes open, and soft surface with eyes closed. Linear measures of center of pressure (COP) included range in the anteroposterior (Rfa) and mediolateral (Rsw) directions, mean velocity (MV), and sway area. Nonlinear measures included approximate entropy (ApEn), the largest Lyapunov exponent, and correlation dimension (CD) with its standard deviation. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine cutoff scores, allowing effective differentiation between CAI and healthy participants.

Result: AI individuals exhibited increased mediolateral COP sway and higher mean velocity on hard surfaces with both eyes open and closed. On soft surfaces with eyes closed, they showed significant deficits in sway area and mean velocity, reflecting challenges in postural control. ROC analysis revealed that certain linear and nonlinear measures showed strong diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing individuals with CAI from healthy controls. Nonlinear analysis revealed elevated ApEn and reduced CD in CAI participants, indicating greater postural irregularity and reduced dynamic stability. On a hard surface with eyes open both Rsw (cutoff: 1.18 cm, OR: 4.55) and ApEn (cutoff: 0.07, OR: 4.0) were particularly strong diagnostic indicators.

Conclusion: Linear and nonlinear postural stability measures effectively differentiate individuals with CAI from healthy controls. Key metrics, including Rsw, MV, ApEn, and CD, offer strong diagnostic value for early detection and personalized rehabilitation. Incorporating these measures into clinical practice may improve CAI management and patient outcomes.

Ethical code: IR.TUMS.FNM.REC.1400.236. March 14, 2022.

Background: Isokinetic dynamometry is a common tool for evaluating muscle function and is used across various disciplines. Technical advancements have shifted focus towards multi-joint exercises such as the leg press, offering insights into practical human movement dynamics. However, previous reproducibility studies have focused predominantly on single-joint exercises, warranting investigations into the reliability of multi-joint exercises. This study aimed to assess the reproducibility of peak force (PF) during multi-joint leg press exercises using the IsoMed 2000 dynamometer.

Methods: Thirty physically active subjects (mean: stature 179.4 cm; body mass 76.0 kg; age 30.6 years) participated in three testing sessions. Each session consisted of isometric and isokinetic leg press exercises. Knee angles for isometric exercises included 100° and 140°; velocities for isokinetic exercise included 30 mm/s and 600 mm/s. The first session served as the familiarization session. Statistical analysis included paired sample t-tests, Cohen's d effect sizes, intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), standard errors of measurement (SEM), and Bland-Altman calculations, including corresponding plots.

Results: Descriptive data revealed consistent PF across sessions, with a significant between-sessions difference observed only for isometric (100°) leg extension in the right leg (p < 0.001; d = 0.13). ICC calculations showed high relative reproducibility (ICC > 0.911), with SEM ranging from 37.6 to 294.7 N (SEM% 2.3-6.3%, respectively). Bland-Altman plots depicted minimal intersession disparities (-141.8-68.3 N, respectively - 3.02-1.26%), supporting high reliability.

Conclusions: This study highlights the reliability of assessing peak force during isometric and isokinetic leg press exercises using the IsoMed 2000 after a single familiarization session. These findings support its utility in muscular performance evaluation, urging practitioners to incorporate familiarization trials for accurate assessments.

Background: Fatigue and inactivity are linked to decreased health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in chronic conditions. A multidimensional approach to activity pacing may improve HRQoL by promoting physical activity (PA) and alleviating fatigue. Addressing fatigue across chronic conditions is crucial, especially when underlying causes are unknown. This study aimed to (1) examine associations between HRQoL, fatigue, pacing, risk of overactivity, PA, and self-regulation of PA in adults with chronic conditions and (2) examine if these associations differ across HRQoL domains: physical, social, emotional, and functional well-being.

Methods: Sixty-six adults with chronic conditions were recruited from UK fatigue clinics and the community. HRQoL, pacing, risk of overactivity, PA, and self-regulation of PA were assessed with standardised questionnaires and Actigraph monitor. Associations were analysed with linear mixed models, correcting for confounders.

Results: HRQoL was significantly associated with fatigue (B=-7.82), pacing (B=-0.23), and self-regulation of PA (B = 0.11). Interaction effects revealed fatigue's impact on HRQoL varied significantly in physical (β=-13.49), social (β=-6.81), and emotional (β=-4.10) domains. Pacing showed significant differences in physical (β=-0.49), social (β=-7.12), and emotional (β=-7.45) domains. Perceived overactivity differed in social domain (β=-6.27), while device-based PA differed in physical (β = 0.35) and social (β = 5.73).

Conclusion: The negative association between fatigue and HRQoL underscores the importance of effective fatigue management. Higher pacing engagement and lower HRQoL may indicate higher fatigue. Positive associations between self-regulation and PA with HRQoL emphasise benefits of appropriate PA behaviours. The stronger impact of decreased fatigue, increased pacing, and PA on physical well-being suggests a multidimensional fatigue management approach.

Objective: To summarize the existing literature and evaluate the efficacy of combined resistance and aerobic training in alleviating depressive symptoms among individuals with depression. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on study region, age, depression severity, intervention duration, intervention frequency, and whether the intervention was supervised or unsupervised.

Methods: Five databases were thoroughly examined from database establishment until August 20, 2024, to find randomized controlled trials that investigated resistance combined aerobic training impact on depression.

Results: Finally, 27 eligible studies were included, involving a total of 2,342 patients with depression. The outcomes indicated that resistance combined aerobic training notably improved signs of depression in these patients (SMD=-1.39, 95%CI=-1.80 to -0.96, p = 0.000). Subgroup analysis based on study area, age, severity of depressive symptoms, and exercise prescription revealed that resistance combined aerobic training had a particularly significant effect on middle-aged and elderly patients with depression, as well as on those with moderate depression. Additionally, moderate period (9-24 weeks), moderate frequency (3-4 times per week), a total weekly duration of more than 180 min and supervised training displayed the best results.

Conclusion: Resistance combined aerobic training serves as an efficient approach to relieve depression-related symptoms, particularly in middle-aged and elderly patients with depression and those with moderate depression. Moderate training intensity, duration, frequency, and total weekly duration offer the greatest benefit.

Background: Plyometric training (PT) was explored as an effective intervention for enhancing muscle strength and power. However, its specific impact on these attributes in martial arts athletes had not been systematically evaluated. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative assessment of the impact of PT on muscle strength and power in martial arts athletes. Additionally, it aimed to investigate potential moderators that could influence this relationship.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across several databases, including SPORTDiscus, PubMed, CNKI, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies were included if they were controlled trials that examined the effects of PT on measures of muscle strength and/or muscle power in martial arts athletes. Effect sizes (ESs) were calculated using a random-effects model based on weighted and averaged standardized mean differences. Moderator analyses were performed for variables related to age and training. The ROB2 and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and the extended Egger's test.

Results: The analysis included fifteen studies with a total of 499 participants aged 12 to 24 years. The findings indicated that PT had a small-to-moderate effect on muscle strength (ES = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.38 to 0.87, p < 0.001) and power (ES = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.20 to 0.71, p = 0.001). Furthermore, neither age nor training parameters significantly moderated the effect of PT on muscle strength and power.

Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that PT effectively enhanced muscle strength and power in martial arts athletes. However, additional trials are recommended to determine the optimal training doses and further explore the interactions among training variables to improve muscle strength and power in these athletes.

Trial registration: https//www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php? Record ID = 579,901, identifier CRD42024579901.

Physical fitness is a critical marker of overall health across all age groups, influencing longevity and quality of life. This systematic review assessed the use of remote physical fitness assessments, a crucial adaptation during the COVID-19 pandemic that broadened access to health monitoring outside traditional settings. The review included 35 studies, covering various age groups and health conditions, and evaluated 48 physical fitness tests across eight physical fitness components. Balance, muscular strength, and endurance were the most frequently assessed, with tests like the 30-second sit-to-stand (30s-STS) showing strong validity, reliability, and feasibility for remote use. However, the study population was mainly adults and older adults, with nearly no focus on children, revealing a significant gap in research for younger populations. Additionally, the review identified gaps in assessing components such as body composition, reaction time, and agility, which are crucial for a comprehensive assessment of physical fitness. These gaps underscore the need for further research and development of reliable and valid remote assessment tools. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of standardizing remote physical fitness assessments to ensure their validity, reliability, and feasibility making them effective tools for health monitoring across diverse populations and settings.

Background: Aquatic training is known for its effective and gentle rehabilitation benefits, but its impact on athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) remains underexplored. This study compares the effects of water-based and land-based balance training on functional performance, dynamic balance, fear of reinjury, and quality of life in athletes with CAI.

Methods: Forty-one athletes with chronic ankle instability (CAI) were randomly assigned to water-based (WBBE, n = 21) or land-based (LBBE, n = 20) balance exercise groups, completing 24 sessions of 30-45 min over 8 weeks. Assessments before and after the interventions included functional ankle instability (CAIT), kinesiophobia (TSK-17), quality of life (SF-36), dynamic postural control (Y Balance Test), and functional performance (Figure-8 hop and single-limb side-hop tests). Perceived treatment effects were measured using the Global Rating of Change (GROC) post-intervention. Data were analyzed using mixed-design ANOVA (P ≤ 0.05).

Results: The statistical analysis of the study revealed no significant time × group interaction effects for CAIT scores, kinesiophobia scores, the Psychological Quality of Life (QoL) Component, or SEBT scores (p > 0.05). The LBBE group showed significant improvements in functional tasks, specifically in F8H and SLSH scores, compared to the WBBE group (p < 0.05), while the WBBE group had better outcomes in overall Quality of Life and the Physical QoL Component than the LBBE group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: Both land-based and water-based balance exercises benefit athletes with CAI, with land-based exercises improving functional performance and water-based exercises enhancing physical and overall Quality of Life. A flexible rehabilitation program combining both approaches can optimize recovery, addressing specific needs, even though no significant differences were found in ankle stability, kinesiophobia, psychological Quality of Life, and dynamic balance between the two methods.

Trial registration: This study was prospectively registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry under Clinical Trials UMIN000051746 on July 29, 2023.

Background: Heat stroke, a severe heat illness with organ damage, is a major cause of cause irreparable organ damage and higher death rates among military persons and athletes.

Objectives: To study the changes in blood lactate (Lac) levels and lactate clearance rate (LCR) in athletes with heat illness of varying degrees after high-intensity exercise and to evaluate their prognostic value.

Material and methods: In present study, acute care unit admitted 36 heat sickness patients following high-intensity exercise from December 2019 to July 2024, with comprehensive medical records, for retrospective study. The study population consisted of two groups of high level athletes: the favourable Prognosis Group (< 7 days, 22 cases), comprising 21 males and 1 female with a mean age of 21.8 ± 2.7 years, and the bad Prognosis Group (≥ 7 days, 14cases), consisting of 14 males with a mean age of 22.6 ± 3.2 years. Lac levels were assessed at admission (0 h) and early in therapy (2 h, 6 h), and the LCR was computed. Lac and LCR values at each time point were compared between the two groups to see how they affected patient prognosis.

Results: After 2 and 6 h of therapy, lactate levels decreased significantly in the good prognosis group (1.2 ± 0.5 mmol/L at 2 h and 0.8 ± 0.3 mmol/L at 6 h), but remained elevated in the poor prognosis group (4.2 ± 1.2 mmol/L at 2 h and 3.5 ± 1.5 mmol/L at 6 h). Core body temperature normalized in both groups, but the good prognosis group showed a more rapid decline, with temperatures of 37.4 ± 0.6 °C at 2 h and 36.8 ± 0.4 °C at 6 h in the good prognosis group, and 38.8 ± 0.8 °C at 2 h and 38.2 ± 0.9 °C at 6 h in the poor prognosis group. Notably, a significant positive correlation existed between lactate levels and APACHE II scores at admission (P < 0.01). Furthermore, logistic regression analysis revealed that the 2-hour lactate clearance rate (LCR) (R² = 0.83) was an independent predictor of outcomes.

Conclusions: The study suggests that athletes with elevated lactate levels after heat illness may be at higher risk of adverse outcomes. The 2-hour lactate clearance rate (LCR) appears to be a valuable prognostic indicator, with potential applications in evaluating the severity of heat illness and guiding treatment decisions. Furthermore, dynamic monitoring of lactate levels in conjunction with LCR may provide valuable insights into the clinical management and prognosis of athletes with heat-related illnesses.

Background: Both maximal muscle strength and muscle power are independently important for karatekas. However, the relationship between strength and power in elite male kumite karatekas is under researched. This study aimed to determine the relationship between back-leg-chest (BLC) isometric muscle strength with sprint and jump variables in elite male karatekas.

Methods: Male elite/international level (tier 4) kumite karatekas (n = 14; age, 20.79 ± 1.67 year; height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; weight, 72.21 ± 5.20 kg) were recruited. BLC strength, sprint and jump values were measured with a dynamometer, a photocell, and an application, respectively. Pearson correlation (trivial r < 0.1; small r < 0.3; moderate r < 0.5; large r < 0.7; very large r < 0.9; nearly perfect/perfect r ≥ 0.9) and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship and shared variance between BLC strength, sprint, and jump performance.

Results: There were large to very large correlations between BLC strength and sprint time (r = - 0.930, p < 0.01), velocity (r = 0.918; p < 0.01), acceleration (r = 0.913; p < 0.01) and running momentum (r = 0.721; p < 0.01). Additionally, BLC strength correlated with jump height (moderate, r = 0.550, p < 0.05), peak anaerobic power (moderate, r = 0.672, p < 0.01) and power to body mass ratio (moderate, r = 0.545, p < 0.05). BLC strength and sprint variables showed an r² = 0.52-0.86 (p < 0.01), while BLC strength and jump variables showed an r² = 0.29-0.45 (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: BLC strength is related to jump and sprint performance in male elite karate athletes. This relationship underscores the importance of including strength training that targets BLC muscle strength in training programs for coaches and athletes.