Agriculture-Basel最新文献

{"title":"A Large Benchmark Dataset for Individual Sheep Face Recognition","authors":"Yue Pang, Wenbo Yu, Chuanzhong Xuan, Yongan Zhang, Pei Wu","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091718","url":null,"abstract":"The mutton sheep breeding industry has transformed significantly in recent years, from traditional grassland free-range farming to a more intelligent approach. As a result, automated sheep face recognition systems have become vital to modern breeding practices and have gradually replaced ear tagging and other manual tracking techniques. Although sheep face datasets have been introduced in previous studies, they have often involved pose or background restrictions (e.g., fixing of the subject’s head, cleaning of the face), which restrict data collection and have limited the size of available sample sets. As a result, a comprehensive benchmark designed exclusively for the evaluation of individual sheep recognition algorithms is lacking. To address this issue, this study developed a large-scale benchmark dataset, Sheepface-107, comprising 5350 images acquired from 107 different subjects. Images were collected from each sheep at multiple angles, including front and back views, in a diverse collection that provides a more comprehensive representation of facial features. In addition to the dataset, an assessment protocol was developed by applying multiple evaluation metrics to the results produced by three different deep learning models: VGG16, GoogLeNet, and ResNet50, which achieved F1-scores of 83.79%, 89.11%, and 93.44%, respectively. A statistical analysis of each algorithm suggested that accuracy and the number of parameters were the most informative metrics for use in evaluating recognition performance.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"173 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76912967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic-Mediated Breeding Strategies for Global Warming in Chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)","authors":"S. K. Jain, E. Wettberg, S. Punia, A. Parihar, A. Lamichaney, J. Kumar, D. S. Gupta, Sarfraz Ahmad, N. Pant, G. P. Dixit, H. Sari, Duygu Sari, Amar Ma’ruf, Pelin Toker, C. Toker","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091721","url":null,"abstract":"Although chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has high yield potential, its seed yield is often low and unstable due to the impact of abiotic stresses, such as drought and heat. As a result of global warming, both drought and heat are estimated to be major yield constraints between one-quarter and one-third per annum. In the present review, genomic-mediated breeding strategies to increase resilience against global warming. Exacerbated drought and heat stresses have been examined to understand the latest advancement happening for better management of these challenges. Resistance mechanisms for drought and heat stresses consist of (i) escape via earliness, (ii) avoidance via morphological traits such as better root traits, compound leaves, or multipinnate leaves and double-/multiple-podded traits, and (iii) tolerance via molecular and physiological traits, such as special tissue and cellular abilities. Both stresses in chickpeas are quantitatively governed by minor genes and are profoundly influenced by edaphic and other environmental conditions. High-yield genotypes have traditionally been screened for resistance to drought and heat stresses in the target selection environment under stress conditions or in the simulacrum mediums under controlled conditions. There are many drought- and heat-tolerant genotypes among domestic and wild Cicer chickpeas, especially in accessions of C. reticulatum Ladiz., C. echinospermum P.H. Davis, and C. turcicum Toker, J. Berger, and Gokturk. The delineation of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and genes allied to drought- and heat-related attributes have paved the way for designing stress-tolerant cultivars in chickpeas. Transgenic and “omics” technologies hold newer avenues for the basic understanding of background metabolic exchanges of QTLs/candidate genes for their further utilization. The overview of the effect of drought and heat stresses, its mechanisms/adaptive strategies, and markers linked to stress-related traits with their genetics and sources are pre-requisites for framing breeding programs of chickpeas with the intent of imparting drought tolerance. Ideotype chickpeas for resistance to drought and heat stresses were, therefore, developed directly using marker-aided selection over multiple locations. The current understanding of molecular breeding supported by functional genomics and omics technologies in developing drought- and heat-tolerant chickpea is discussed in this review.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90962442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land Use Suitability Model for Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) Cultivation Using the Best Worst Method: A Case Study from Ankara/Türkiye","authors":"Mevlut Uyan, J. Janus, E. Ertunç","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091722","url":null,"abstract":"The product of grapes with the highest added value is wine. Wine grapes play an important role in the evaluation of barren lands, where no other plants generally grow. Viticulture in Türkiye is generally conducted on small areas of agricultural land. In order to develop viticulture, it is important to determine suitable areas. This study presents a model for assessing land suitability for cultivation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) in the Ankara region (Türkiye). The aim is to provide a spatial decision support system based on geographic information system multi-criteria assessment, taking into account the perspectives of expert agricultural engineers and local product growers. In this study, 11 criteria were evaluated to determine the most suitable locations for grapevine cultivation. The best worst method was used to calculate the weights of the determined evaluation criteria. When the spatial distribution of the areas suitable for grapevine cultivation was examined from the resulting map produced, it was seen that 1879.29 km2 (7%) of highly suitability areas, 5062.03 km2 (20%) of medium suitability areas, 4706.20 km2 (18%) of low suitability areas, and 8355.36 km2 (33%) of unsuitable areas were detected. According to the results obtained, the southern parts of the study area are more suitable for grapevine cultivation. This study will be an important and useful regional guide for agricultural land use planning and the cultivation of grapevines.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91333213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Analysis Approach to Estimate the Effect of Cover Crops on the Grain Yield of Succeeding Cereal Crops within European Cropping Systems","authors":"M. Allam, E. Radicetti, Mortadha Ben Hassine, A. Jamal, Z. Abideen, R. Mancinelli","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091714","url":null,"abstract":"Farming practices such as cover cropping, crop rotation systems, and soil tillage practices, along with climate conditions and soil type play important roles in determining final crop production. Numerous empirical studies have documented the heterogeneous effects of cover crops on the yield of successive crops, exhibiting variations across diverse regions, climate regimes, soil characteristics, cover crop types, and agricultural management practices. A meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively summarize and evaluate the impact of cover crops (CCs) in the agroecosystem. The main goal of the study is to promote a transition towards more sustainable cereal crop production by exploring the potential of currently unexploited CCs in Europe. The study demonstrated that the incorporation of legume CCs resulted in the most pronounced and statistically significant increase in grain yield among cereal crops. CCs from the Brassicaceae family also demonstrated a positive impact on grain yield under southern European climates. Cover cropping had a positive effect on the subsequent cash crop under conventional tillage practice. A positive, but not significant impact, was detected under both conservation tillage practices, which include reduced tillage (RT) and no-till (NT). The result of the study suggests that NT practices are more suitable for Northern Europe, while RT practices are preferable for Southern Europe zones. This study indicates that the adoption of cover cropping represents a viable and effective agronomic strategy for enhancing grain yield in cereal crops cultivated across European agricultural systems.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78544549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI in Sustainable Pig Farming: IoT Insights into Stress and Gait","authors":"S. Neethirajan","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091706","url":null,"abstract":"This paper pioneers a novel exploration of environmental impacts in livestock farming, focusing on pig farming’s intersection with climate change and sustainability. It emphasizes the transformative potential of data-driven Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies, specifically the Internet of Things (IoT) and multimodal data analysis, in promoting equitable and sustainable food systems. The study observes five pigs aged 86 to 108 days using a tripartite sensor that records heart rate, respiration rate, and accelerometer data. The unique experimental design alternates between periods of isolation during feeding and subsequent pairing, enabling the investigation of stress-induced changes. Key inquiries include discerning patterns in heart rate data during isolation versus paired settings, fluctuations in respiration rates, and behavioral shifts induced by isolation or pairing. The study also explores the potential detection of gait abnormalities, correlations between pigs’ age and their gait or activity patterns, and the evolution of pigs’ walking abilities with age. The paper scrutinizes accelerometer data to detect activity changes when pigs are paired, potentially indicating increased stress or aggression. It also examines the adaptation of pigs to alternating isolation and pairing over time and how their heart rate, respiration rate, and activity data reflect this process. The study considers other significant variables, such as time of day and isolation duration, affecting the pigs’ physiological parameters. Sensor data are further utilized to identify behavioral patterns during periods of feeding, isolation, or pairing. In conclusion, this study harnesses IoT and multimodal data analysis in a groundbreaking approach to pig welfare research. It underscores the compelling potential of technology to inform about overall pig welfare, particularly stress levels and gait quality, and the power of data-driven insights in fostering equitable, healthy, and environmentally conscious livestock production systems.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80405512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Economic and Environmental Sustainability of Livestock Farms in Inland Areas","authors":"Michele Cerrato, A. Iaşi, Federica Di Bennardo, M. Pérgola","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091708","url":null,"abstract":"The present research aimed to evaluate the economic and environmental sustainability of livestock farms in inland areas of the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni National Park (Southern Italy) and the convenience and possibility of activating forms of local economies. The study involved three types of grazing husbandries: one with only sheep and goats; one with only cattle; and one mixed, namely with cattle, sheep and goats. The profitability of the analyzed farms was compared through their gross profit and the net income of the farmer. To evaluate the convenience of the farms under study to activate forms of a short supply chain, the transformation value of the milk was used as the reference parameter. The environmental impact per farm and per adult bovine unit was assessed through the LCA methodology. The economic analysis showed that the survival of the analyzed farms is essentially linked to public subsidies, which in some cases represent more than 75% of the total output. Family enterprise plays a fundamental role in management decisions, in the size of animal breeding, and in investment decisions. Referring to environmental impacts, the analysis showed a lower sustainability of cattle farming, mainly due to the higher methane emissions during enteric fermentation. Despite all this, the ecosystem services provided by these semi-extensive farms in inland areas are significant, and therefore economic and environmental analyses should take them into account to enhance them and encourage farmers to remain in these often marginal areas.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"48 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82368366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of High-Standard Farmland Construction Policy on Grain Quality from the Perspectives of Technology Adoption and Cultivated Land Quality","authors":"Yanling Gong, Yingliang Zhang, Yu Chen","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091702","url":null,"abstract":"The shift from increasing grain production to improving grain quality is a key measure to adapt to the changing structure of residents’ food consumption demand. High-standard farmland construction is an important means to achieve high grain production and excellent quality. To estimate the intervention effect of high-standard farmland construction policy, this paper analyzes it from the perspective of policy evaluation. The continuous DID model, moderating effect model, and the mediating effect model are used to systematically analyze the mechanism of high-standard farmland construction policy and its influence on grain quality. The findings are as follows: (1) The high-standard farmland construction policy has a significant promoting effect on grain quality, and the interaction coefficient of policy implementation is 0.074. is the results are still significant under the robustness test of lagging the explanatory variable by one period, replacing the core explanatory variable, changing the timing of policy implementation, and eliminating the interference of other relevant policies. (2) The adoption of environmentally friendly technology has played a positive moderating role in the process by which high-standard farmland construction policy promotes grain quality, with a moderating effect of 0.044. (3) The high-standard farmland construction policy can improve grain quality by improving cultivated land quality and adoption level of agricultural mechanization. (4) Heterogeneity analysis shows that high-standard farmland construction policy in major grain-producing areas and also non-major grain-producing areas can increase grain quality; the implementation of the policy has a more obvious effect on improving grain quality in areas with low distribution of grain quality. Accordingly, it is suggested to continue to promote high-standard farmland construction and implement special actions for farmland protection, focus on key technologies, encourage farmers to adopt environment-friendly technologies, accelerate the cultivation of diversified agricultural machinery service entities, and enhance the abilities of agricultural mechanization operations. This study provides a new perspective for improving grain quality and proves that a high-standard farmland construction policy is an important strategy for increasing grain quality.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78779030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence Relationship between Online News Articles and the Consumer Selling Price of Agricultural Products—Focusing on Onions","authors":"Jiyoung Ha, Seunghyun Lee, Sangtae Kim","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091707","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to verify the influence relationship between the news articles on onions produced in Korea and the consumer selling price of onions. The analysis methods were the LDA topic modeling technique and the multiple regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, a total of eight topics were found in onion-related news articles. This study analyzed which articles out of the eight topics affected the consumer selling price of onions. As a result, Topic 1 (hypermarket onion sales-related articles), Topic 5 (onion supply and demand stabilization measures), and Topic 6 (inflation) had a statistically significant influence relationship. These results meant that as the number of hypermarket-related articles increased, the consumer selling price increased, and as the macroeconomic articles such as supply and demand stabilization measures and inflation increased, the selling price decreased. The significance of this study was that it revealed that news articles related to onions did not affect the selling price in the consumer market as a whole, and that only the articles directly related to the consumption market (distributors, macroeconomic indicators, etc.) had an effect.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83998021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Material and Interaction Properties of Granular Fertilizer Particles Using DEM Simulation and Bench Testing","authors":"X. Lei, Wencheng Wu, X. Deng, Tao Li, Hongnan Liu, Jinyue Guo, Ju Li, Peixu Zhu, Ke Yang","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091704","url":null,"abstract":"The discrete element method (DEM) is an effective tool for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on particle motion, which aids in the design and optimization of agricultural equipment structures. The accuracy of the DEM simulation parameters significantly impacts the simulation results. This study employed a combination of high-speed camera measurement, DEM simulation, and validation tests to determine the material and interaction property parameters for fertilizer particles. The basic parameters (triaxial size, bulk density, density, and coefficient of static friction) and coefficients of restitution between fertilizer and material were measured for three fertilizer varieties. There was a significant difference in the angle of repose between various material plates and fertilizer particles. The calibration values of coefficients of restitution and coefficients of rolling friction between fertilizer particles were optimized using the Box–Behnken method. The angle of repose was significantly affected by the coefficient of static friction and the coefficient of rolling friction between the fertilizer particles. The determined values for the coefficient of restitution, coefficient of static friction, and coefficient of rolling friction between the fertilizer particles were 0.323, 0.381, and 0.173, respectively. The error in the angle of the repose test was less than 3.0%, and the variation coefficient for each row consistency was less than 1.68 percentage points under the optimal simulation parameters. DEM simulations of the angle of repose and each row consistency variation coefficient test using the measured parameters can accurately predict the experimental results. The findings of this paper provide a theoretical basis for the DEM study of fertilizer particles.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"24 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89563465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Environmental and Economic Analysis of Strawberry Production in Southern Italy","authors":"M. Pérgola, A. Maffia, Giuseppe Carlucci, A. Persiani, A. M. Palese, M. Zaccardelli, Gessica Altieri, G. Celano","doi":"10.3390/agriculture13091705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13091705","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide an evaluation of the environmental and economic aspects of strawberry cultivation in the Campania and Basilicata regions of Southern Italy, and to consider the effects on strawberry productivity following compost tea (CT) application. Eight strawberry-growing systems were tested. To this end, compost tea production and characterization were described; a quantitative analysis of the strawberries’ yield was performed, and environmental impact per ha and per kg of strawberries was estimated using the life cycle assessment methodology. To compare the profitability of the systems analyzed, the gross profit of the farmers was calculated, also considering the social cost of pollution. One of the two organic systems analyzed, using solarization for soil disinfestation, biological fight for pest control, and corrugated boxes as packaging recycled at the end-of-life, was the most sustainable system with carbon credits. At the same time, organic crops are not always the most sustainable and profitable systems if significant irrigation and fertigation interventions are carried out, as in another organic system analyzed. Plastic materials and zinc structures were the most impacting items in almost all analyzed systems. The use of a CT with an elevated number of beneficial microorganisms with a high suppressive action allowed to obtain a good increase of the yield, in both systems that used it, and to have a higher gross profit. On the other hand, the validity of this technique was strongly linked to the finding of high-quality green compost.","PeriodicalId":48587,"journal":{"name":"Agriculture-Basel","volume":"227 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75333672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}