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Obesity as a Risk Factor for the Severity of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: Possible Mechanisms-A Narrative Review. 肥胖是导致小儿 COVID-19 严重程度的风险因素:可能的机制--叙述性综述。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/children11101203
Dana Elena Mîndru, Elena Țarcă, Heidrun Adumitrăchioaiei, Dana Teodora Anton-Păduraru, Violeta Ștreangă, Otilia Elena Frăsinariu, Alexandra Sidoreac, Cristina Stoica, Valentin Bernic, Alina-Costina Luca

Obesity, the current pandemic, is associated with alarming rises among children and adolescents, and the forecasts for the near future are worrying. The present paper aims to draw attention to the short-term effects of the excess adipose tissue in the presence of a viral infection, which can be life-threatening for pediatric patients, given that the course of viral infections is often severe, if not critical. The COVID-19 pandemic has been the basis of these statements, which opened the door to the study of the repercussions of obesity in the presence of a viral infection. Since 2003, with the discovery of SARS-CoV-1, interest in the study of coronaviruses has steadily increased, with a peak during the pandemic. Thus, obesity has been identified as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 infection and is correlated with a heightened risk of severe outcomes in pediatric patients. We sought to determine the main mechanisms through which obesity is responsible for the unfavorable evolution in the presence of a viral infection, with emphasis on the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, in the hope that future studies will further elucidate this aspect, enabling prompt and effective intervention in obese patients with viral infections, whose clinical progression is likely to be favorable.

肥胖症是当前的流行病,在儿童和青少年中的发病率上升令人担忧,对不久将来的预测也令人担忧。本文旨在提请人们注意,在病毒感染的情况下,过多的脂肪组织会在短期内对儿科患者造成影响,因为病毒感染的病程通常很严重,甚至危及生命。COVID-19 大流行就是这些声明的基础,它为研究肥胖在病毒感染时的反响打开了大门。自 2003 年发现 SARS-CoV-1 以来,人们对冠状病毒的研究兴趣稳步上升,并在大流行期间达到顶峰。因此,肥胖已被确定为 COVID-19 感染的一个独立风险因素,并与儿科患者出现严重后果的风险增加有关。我们试图确定肥胖在病毒感染时导致不利演变的主要机制,重点是由 SARS-CoV-2 引起的疾病,希望未来的研究能进一步阐明这一方面,从而能够对肥胖的病毒感染患者进行及时有效的干预,因为他们的临床进展可能是有利的。
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引用次数: 0
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Neonatal Sepsis Cases in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a Tertiary Hospital in Türkiye. 土耳其一家三甲医院新生儿重症监护室新生儿败血症病例的细菌学特征和抗生素敏感性。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/children11101208
Bayram Ali Dorum, Şefika Elmas Bozdemir, Bensu Zadeoğlu Kral, Ayten Erdoğan, Salih Çağrı Çakır

Objective: We aimed to determine the demographic data, mortality, and morbidity of early- and late-neonatal sepsis cases, the etiologic agents in these cases, and the antibiotic susceptibility of these agents.

Methods: This study was conducted retrospectively in a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of newborns diagnosed with culture-proven sepsis within 24 months were evaluated.

Results: Two hundred and eleven culture data points belonging to 197 infants were evaluated. Forty percent of the infants had a history of premature birth. The most common clinical findings were respiratory distress and feeding intolerance. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were detected most frequently as early- and late-sepsis agents. The most common Gram-negative bacteria detected as late-sepsis agents were Klebsiella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The overall mortality rate was 10%.

Conclusions: Neonatal sepsis continues to have high mortality rates in tertiary NICUs. CoNS was the most common agent, highlighting the importance of developing and maintaining personnel training and handwashing practices. It will be important to consider the resistance rates of Klebsiella spp., the most common Gram-negative agent in late-onset sepsis (LOS) cases, to commonly used antibiotics in empirical treatments.

目的我们旨在确定早期和晚期新生儿败血症病例的人口统计学数据、死亡率和发病率、这些病例的病原体以及这些病原体对抗生素的敏感性:本研究在一家三级医院的新生儿重症监护室(NICU)中以回顾性方式进行。评估了 24 个月内经培养证实患有败血症的新生儿的人口统计学、临床和实验室数据:对 197 名婴儿的 211 个培养数据点进行了评估。40%的婴儿有早产史。最常见的临床表现是呼吸困难和喂养不耐受。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CoNS)作为早期和晚期败血症病原体最常被检测到。最常见的晚期败血症革兰氏阴性菌是克雷伯氏菌属和大肠埃希氏菌(大肠杆菌)。总死亡率为 10%:结论:新生儿败血症在三级新生儿重症监护病房的死亡率仍然很高。CoNS是最常见的病原体,这凸显了开展和保持人员培训和洗手规范的重要性。克雷伯氏菌是晚发性败血症(LOS)病例中最常见的革兰氏阴性菌,考虑其对经验性治疗中常用抗生素的耐药率非常重要。
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引用次数: 0
Gender Differences in Adolescents' Body Complaints in Eight Countries: What Do Culture and Parents Have to Do with It? 八个国家青少年身体抱怨的性别差异:文化和父母有什么关系?
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.3390/children11101200
Katharina Weitkamp, Inge Seiffge-Krenke

Objective: Although medically unexplained body complaints occur relatively frequently in adolescents, the causes are little-researched. This study examines the influence of cultural and family-related factors on somatic complaints.

Methods and measures: In a cross-cultural and cross-sectional study of 2415 adolescents from eight countries (Argentina, France, Germany, Greece, Pakistan, Peru, Poland, and Turkey), the associations of family variables with body complaints were tested and the cultural impact analyzed. Body complaints were assessed via self-reporting with a translated version of the body complaints scale of the Youth Self Report (YSR). In addition, Perceived Maternal/Paternal Behavior was assessed, as well as cultural dimensions of the eight counties.

Results: Overall, females reported higher rates of body complaints than boys did. An additional negative impact of parental psychological control and anxious rearing was found that generalized across cultures, with a particularly strong impact on girls. Girls in stepparent families and boys in single-parent families reported more body complaints. Finally, body complaints were associated with Hofstede's cultural factors in both genders, like individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity vs. femininity.

Conclusion: These findings are particularly important for primary care providers, as they stress the relevance of taking into account family and cultural factors in body complaints which affect boys and girls differently, to provide adequate care.

目的:虽然医学上无法解释的躯体不适在青少年中比较常见,但对其原因的研究却很少。本研究探讨了文化和家庭相关因素对躯体不适的影响:在一项针对八个国家(阿根廷、法国、德国、希腊、巴基斯坦、秘鲁、波兰和土耳其)2415 名青少年的跨文化横断面研究中,测试了家庭变量与躯体不适的关联,并分析了文化影响。身体不适通过自我报告的方式进行评估,采用的是青年自我报告(YSR)身体不适量表的翻译版本。此外,还对感知到的母亲/父亲行为以及八个县的文化因素进行了评估:总体而言,女性报告的身体抱怨率高于男性。研究还发现,父母的心理控制和焦虑抚养会产生额外的负面影响,这种影响在不同文化中普遍存在,对女孩的影响尤为明显。继父母家庭中的女孩和单亲家庭中的男孩对身体的抱怨更多。最后,身体抱怨与霍夫斯泰德的文化因素有关,如个人主义与集体主义、权力距离、不确定性规避以及男性气质与女性气质:这些研究结果对初级保健提供者尤为重要,因为它们强调了在身体不适方面考虑家庭和文化因素的重要性,因为这些因素对男孩和女孩的影响是不同的,以便提供适当的护理。
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引用次数: 0
Oxytocin Receptor Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Are Related to Maternal-Infant Co-Occupation and Infant Sensory Processing. 催产素受体单核苷酸多态性与母婴同室及婴儿感觉处理有关
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101196
Nicki L Aubuchon-Endsley, Madeline Hudson, Brittany Banh, Emma Opoku, Jason Gibbs, Bryan M Gee

Background: Caregiver-infant reciprocity is related to infant/toddler development and health. However, there is a dearth of research on reciprocity variables like co-occupation and developmental variables such as infant/toddler sensory processing/preferences, and it is important to understand the biopsychosocial mediators of these relations. These include novel genetic markers like maternal oxytocin receptor single-nucleotide polymorphisms (OXTR SNPs). Therefore, this study examined whether mothers carrying risk alleles for three OXTR SNPs displayed different co-occupational behaviors with their infants and whether their infants/toddlers showed different sensory processing/preferences.

Methods: Data from the Infant Development and Healthy Outcomes in Mothers Study included prenatal saliva samples assayed for OXTR SNPs, 6-month postnatal behavioral observations coded for maternal-infant co-occupations (reciprocal emotionality, physicality, and intentionality), and 10-, 14-, and 18-month postnatal, maternal-reported Infant/Toddler Sensory Profiles (classified as within or outside the majority range for low registration, sensory seeking, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoiding).

Results: Mothers with rs53576 risk allele A engaged in more frequent reciprocal emotionality, while those with rs2254298 risk allele A engaged in less frequent reciprocal emotionality but more frequent reciprocal intentionality. Mothers with rs53576 risk allele A had infants with 11 times greater odds of being outside of the majority range for sensation avoiding at 10 months old.

Conclusions: The results converge with the literature supporting links between OXTR SNPs, caregiver reciprocity, and infant/toddler development but extend the findings to relatively novel constructs (caregiver-infant co-occupations and infant/toddler sensory processing/preferences).

背景:照顾者与婴儿之间的互惠关系与婴幼儿的发展和健康有关。然而,有关互惠性变量(如共同占有)和发育变量(如婴幼儿感官加工/偏好)的研究还很缺乏,了解这些关系的生物心理社会中介因素非常重要。这些因素包括新的遗传标记,如母体催产素受体单核苷酸多态性(OXTR SNPs)。因此,本研究考察了携带三种 OXTR SNPs 风险等位基因的母亲是否会与她们的婴儿表现出不同的共同职业行为,以及她们的婴儿/学步儿童是否会表现出不同的感官处理/偏好:母亲婴儿发育和健康结果研究》的数据包括产前唾液样本的 OXTR SNPs 检测结果、产后 6 个月的行为观察结果、母婴共同占据行为(互惠情感、身体性和意向性)编码结果、10 个月的行为观察结果、10 个月的行为观察结果和 10 个月的行为观察结果、和意向性),以及产后 10 个月、14 个月和 18 个月由母亲报告的婴儿/学步儿童感官特征(在低登记、感官寻求、感官敏感性和感官回避方面被划分为在多数范围之内或之外)。结果具有 rs53576 风险等位基因 A 的母亲更频繁地参与互惠情感,而具有 rs2254298 风险等位基因 A 的母亲参与互惠情感的频率较低,但参与互惠意向性的频率较高。具有 rs53576 风险等位基因 A 的母亲所生的婴儿在 10 个月大时超出感觉回避多数范围的几率要高出 11 倍:这些结果与支持 OXTR SNPs、照顾者互惠性和婴幼儿发育之间联系的文献一致,但将研究结果扩展到了相对新颖的结构(照顾者-婴儿共同关注和婴幼儿感觉处理/偏好)。
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引用次数: 0
Scientific Integrity and Transparency in Academic Writing: The Foundation of Credible Science. 学术写作中的科学诚信与透明度:可信科学的基础。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101191
Niels Wedderkopp, Erich Rutz

In the academic community, discussions and debates are a natural and vital part of the research process [...].

在学术界,讨论和辩论是研究过程中自然而然的重要组成部分[......]。
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引用次数: 0
Interlimb Coordination and Auditory-Motor Synchronization in Children with Developmental Coordination Disorder: Examining Antiphase Knee Movements with Auditory Metronomes While Seated. 发育协调障碍儿童的肢体间协调和听觉运动同步:用听觉节拍器检查坐姿时膝关节的反相运动
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101195
Mieke Goetschalckx, Lousin Moumdjian, Eugene Rameckers, Peter Feys

Background: Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) exhibit reduced interlimb coordination compared to typically developing children (TDC) during complex tasks like running, which requires dynamic postural control. However, the extent of interlimb coordination difficulties in DCD during tasks that demand minimal dynamic balance, such as self-paced and externally auditory-paced tasks, remains unclear. This study aimed to compare interlimb coordination and auditory-motor synchronization between children with DCD and TDC during a seated antiphase coordination task of the lower limbs, which has minimal postural control requirements. Methods: Twenty-one children with DCD and 22 TDC performed an antiphase knee flexion and extension task while seated, in three conditions (baseline silence, metronome discrete, and metronome continuous), for three minutes. The interlimb coordination, synchronization, and spatiotemporal movement parameters were analyzed using a mixed model analysis; Results: Children with DCD displayed less coordinated interlimb movements compared to TDC (p = 0.0140), which was the result of the greater variability in coordinating antiphase knee flexion-extension movements (p < 0.0001). No group differences in spatiotemporal movement parameters were observed. Children with DCD, compared to TDC, had a lower synchronization consistency to metronomes (p = 0.0155). Discrete metronomes enhanced interlimb coordination compared to the baseline silence condition (p = 0.0046); Conclusions: The study highlights an inferior interlimb coordination and auditory-motor synchronization in children with DCD compared to TDC. Implementing metronomes with a discrete temporal structure improved the interlimb coordination of both groups during the used fundamental seated interlimb coordination task, supporting theorical frameworks of event-based timing.

背景:发育协调障碍(DCD)儿童在完成跑步等需要动态姿势控制的复杂任务时,肢体间的协调能力比发育正常儿童(TDC)要差。然而,发育协调障碍儿童在完成要求最小动态平衡的任务(如自定节奏和外部听觉节奏任务)时,肢体间协调困难的程度仍不清楚。本研究旨在比较 DCD 儿童和 TDC 儿童在完成对姿势控制要求最低的下肢坐姿反相协调任务时的肢体间协调性和听觉运动同步性。研究方法:21 名患有 DCD 的儿童和 22 名患有 TDC 的儿童在三种条件下(基线安静、节拍器不连续和节拍器连续),坐着进行了三分钟的反相位膝关节屈伸任务。采用混合模型分析法对肢体间的协调性、同步性和时空运动参数进行了分析:与 TDC 相比,DCD 儿童的肢体间动作协调性较差(p = 0.0140),这是协调反相膝关节屈伸动作的变异性较大的结果(p < 0.0001)。在时空运动参数方面没有观察到组间差异。与 TDC 儿童相比,DCD 儿童对节拍器的同步一致性较低(p = 0.0155)。与基线静默状态相比,离散节拍器增强了肢体间的协调性(p = 0.0046);结论:本研究强调,与 TDC 相比,DCD 儿童的肢体间协调性和听觉-运动同步性较差。在使用节拍器的基本坐姿肢体协调任务中,使用具有离散时间结构的节拍器可改善两组儿童的肢体协调能力,从而支持基于事件计时的理论框架。
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引用次数: 0
Analysis of Prevalence and Related Factors of Cyberbullying-Victimization among Adolescents. 网络欺凌--青少年受害的普遍性及相关因素分析。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101193
Jun Ma, Liyan Su, Minhui Li, Jiating Sheng, Fangdu Liu, Xujun Zhang, Yaming Yang, Yue Xiao

Background/objectives: Cyberbullying is an increasingly serious issue that negatively impacts the mental and physical health of adolescents. This study aims to report the prevalence rates of adolescent cyberbullying-victimization and its associated related factors, providing a scientific basis for targeted efforts to protect the mental and physical well-being of adolescents; Methods: From March to May 2019, there were 13 high schools and 33 middle schools in Yixing, with a student ratio of 2:1 between middle and high school. Using a random cluster sampling method, we selected four high schools and three middle schools based on this ratio, resulting in a total of 13,258 students. We conducted a survey using a self-designed questionnaire to investigate the experiences of adolescents with cyberbullying and victimization, comparing the differences in cyberbullying-victimization based on various demographic characteristics. Additionally, we employed a multifactorial logistic regression model to analyze the associated factors; Results: The rate of adolescents who declared themselves as cyberbully-victims is 2.9%. The results of the logistic regression analysis indicate that being male, having both parents working outside the home, experiencing occasional or large conflicts among family members, being subjected to punishment-and-abuse child discipline, always or often using social software (websites), enjoying playing single or multiplayer games, self-smoking, and self-drinking were associated with a higher likelihood of being a cyberbully-victim (p < 0.05); Conclusions: Adolescent cyberbullying-victimization is affected by personal, family, and social factors. Therefore, comprehensive strategies and measures are needed to intervene in this problem.

背景/目标:网络欺凌是一个日益严重的问题,对青少年的身心健康造成了负面影响。本研究旨在报告青少年网络欺凌-受害的发生率及其相关因素,为有针对性地保护青少年身心健康提供科学依据;方法:2019年3月至5月,宜兴市共有高中13所,初中33所,初高中学生比例为2:1。根据这一比例,我们采用随机整群抽样的方法,选取了 4 所高中和 3 所初中,共 13258 名学生。我们使用自行设计的问卷进行了调查,以了解青少年遭受网络欺凌和受害的经历,并比较了基于不同人口特征的网络欺凌-受害差异。此外,我们还采用了多因素逻辑回归模型来分析相关因素:宣称自己是网络欺凌受害者的青少年比例为 2.9%。逻辑回归分析结果表明,男性、父母双方均外出工作、家庭成员之间偶尔或经常发生冲突、受到惩罚和虐待式的儿童管教、经常或经常使用社交软件(网站)、喜欢玩单人或多人游戏、自我吸烟和自我酗酒与成为网络欺凌受害者的可能性较高有关(P < 0.05);结论:青少年网络欺凌--受害受个人、家庭和社会因素的影响。因此,需要采取综合策略和措施来干预这一问题。
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引用次数: 0
Postnatal Development of the Circadian Rhythmicity of Human Pineal Melatonin Synthesis and Secretion (Systematic Review). 人类松果体褪黑激素合成和分泌的昼夜节律在出生后的发展(系统综述)。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101197
Ekkehart Paditz

Introduction: According to current knowledge, at birth, the pineal gland and melatonin receptors are already present and the suprachiasmatic nucleus is largely functional, and noradrenaline, the key pineal transmitter, can be detected in the early foetal period. It is still unclear why the pineal gland is not able to start its own pulsatile synthesis and secretion of melatonin in the first months of life, and as a result, infants during this time are dependent on an external supply of melatonin. Method: The causes and consequences of this physiological melatonin deficiency in human infancy are examined in a systematic review of the literature, in which 40 of 115 initially selected publications were evaluated in detail. The references of these studies were checked for relevant studies on this topic. References from previous reviews by the author were taken into account. Results: The development and differentiation of the pineal gland, the pinealocytes, as the site of melatonin synthesis, and the development and synaptic coupling of the associated predominantly noradrenergic neural pathways and vessels and the associated Lhx4 homebox only occurs during the first year of life. Discussion: The resulting physiological melatonin deficiency is associated with sleep disorders, infant colic, and increased crying in babies. Intervention studies indicate that this deficiency should be compensated for through breastfeeding, the administration of nonpooled donor milk, or through industrially produced chrononutrition made from nonpooled cow's milk with melatonin-poor day milk and melatonin-rich night milk.

导言:根据目前的知识,婴儿出生时,松果体和褪黑激素受体已经存在,丘脑上核也已基本发挥功能,在胎儿早期就能检测到松果体的主要递质--去甲肾上腺素。目前还不清楚为什么松果体在婴儿出生后的头几个月无法开始自身搏动性合成和分泌褪黑激素,因此,婴儿在此期间需要依赖外部供应的褪黑激素。方法:通过系统性的文献综述研究了人类婴儿期褪黑激素生理性缺乏的原因和后果,其中详细评估了 115 篇初步选定的出版物中的 40 篇。对这些研究的参考文献进行了核对,以查找与该主题相关的研究。作者以前的综述参考文献也被考虑在内。研究结果作为褪黑激素合成场所的松果体、松果体细胞的发育和分化,以及相关的主要去肾上腺素能神经通路和血管以及相关的 Lhx4 同源框的发育和突触耦合,仅发生在婴儿出生后的第一年。讨论:由此导致的生理性褪黑激素缺乏与睡眠障碍、婴儿肠绞痛和婴儿哭闹增多有关。干预研究表明,应通过母乳喂养、服用非母乳喂养的供体奶,或通过用非母乳喂养的牛乳与褪黑激素贫乏的日用奶和褪黑激素丰富的夜用奶制成的工业化生产的 "chrononutrition "来弥补这种不足。
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引用次数: 0
Teaching Parents via Online Asynchronous Training to Use Speech-Generating Devices with Their Autistic Children: A Pilot Study. 通过在线异步培训教父母与自闭症儿童一起使用语音生成设备:试点研究。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101194
Lauren Fischbacher, Robin L Dodds, Ingrid Shiyin Tien

Background/Objectives: Telepractice interventions have been found to alleviate barriers families face when seeking communication interventions. This study is a multiple-baseline single-subject design that measures parent communication opportunities and parent responsiveness to determine if parent training through online modules created for parents of children with communication support needs can be effective for training parents of autistic children with communication support needs. Methods: This study replicates work by utilizing online training used as well as the same variables and definitions. This study expands the original study by providing the children with speech-generating devices (SGDs). SGDs are an assistive technology tool to increase language production and give access to language to minimally verbal autistic people. A central difference between this study and study is that the only training parents received was the online modules and written instructions to set up the SGD. Results: Overall, the POWR modules appear to positively impact the communication opportunities provided by the parent during play and activities, increase child communication, and improve parent proficiency in implementing the POWR strategy. Conclusions: There is a need for a larger single-case study or a randomized control trial to replicate these findings. Additional instruction may be needed for parents of children with autism around responsive interactions. This study adds to innovative ways of providing family-centered training and access to AAC for those with barriers to service.

背景/目标:研究发现,远程实践干预可以减轻家庭在寻求沟通干预时所面临的障碍。本研究采用多基线单受试者设计,测量家长的沟通机会和家长的反应能力,以确定通过为有沟通支持需求儿童的家长创建的在线模块进行的家长培训是否能有效培训有沟通支持需求的自闭症儿童的家长。方法:本研究通过使用在线培训以及相同的变量和定义来复制研究成果。本研究通过为儿童提供语言生成设备(SGDs)对原始研究进行了扩展。SGD 是一种辅助技术工具,可提高语言能力,让语言能力极弱的自闭症患者有机会使用语言。本研究与其他研究的主要区别在于,家长接受的唯一培训是在线模块和设置 SGD 的书面说明。研究结果总体而言,POWR 模块似乎对家长在游戏和活动中提供的交流机会产生了积极影响,增加了儿童的交流,并提高了家长实施 POWR 策略的熟练程度。结论:有必要进行更大规模的单一案例研究或随机对照试验,以复制这些研究结果。自闭症儿童的家长可能还需要接受更多有关反应性互动的指导。本研究为以家庭为中心的培训提供了新的方法,并为那些在服务方面存在障碍的人提供了获得人工辅助器具的机会。
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引用次数: 0
Updating Clinical Practice: Improving Perioperative Pain Management for Adeno-Tonsillectomy in Children. 更新临床实践:改善儿童腺扁桃体切除术围手术期疼痛管理。
IF 2 4区 医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-09-29 DOI: 10.3390/children11101190
Juan Manuel Redondo-Enríquez, María Rivas-Medina, Manuel María Galán-Mateos

Background/objective: Perioperative acute pain management in pediatric patients is essential to reduce complications. Adenoidectomy-Tonsillectomy are surgical procedures requiring pain control, and risk minimization for postoperative bleeding, nausea, and vomiting. Despite their known secondary effects, the use of opioid analgesics is still preponderant in pediatric perioperative management. We performed a comprehensive review on adeno-tonsillectomy perioperative pain management in children. We developed and implemented a multimodal analgesia protocol aimed to improve patients' pain management while consistently reducing opioids use.

Methods/results: relevant Information was summarized, then compared to our clinical needs. Learnings were used to create and implement a multimodal analgesia protocol that we use in patients 3-9 years-old undergoing adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy. The full protocol is presented. Analgesic strategies have emerged to reduce or avoid the use of opioids. Among these strategies, combining different non-opioid analgesics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Metamizole) has been shown to be an effective and safe pharmacological strategy when implemented as part of perioperative multimodal analgesia protocols. Considerable evidence associating the use of NSAIDs with a bigger risk of postoperative bleeding does not exist.

Conclusions: Perioperative management of adenotonsillectomy pain should include preventive and multimodal analgesia, which have shown to provide significantly more effective analgesia than some opioid regimens. Ibuprofen offers highly effective analgesia for postoperative pain, particularly when combined with acetaminophen.

背景/目的:儿科患者围手术期的急性疼痛控制对减少并发症至关重要。腺样体切除术和扁桃体切除术都是需要控制疼痛的外科手术,并将术后出血、恶心和呕吐的风险降至最低。尽管阿片类镇痛药的副作用众所周知,但在儿科围手术期的治疗中,阿片类镇痛药的使用仍占主导地位。我们对儿童腺样体扁桃体切除术围手术期疼痛管理进行了全面回顾。我们制定并实施了多模式镇痛方案,旨在改善患者的疼痛管理,同时持续减少阿片类药物的使用。方法/结果:我们总结了相关信息,然后与我们的临床需求进行比较。我们利用所学知识制定并实施了多模式镇痛方案,用于 3-9 岁接受腺样体切除术/扁桃体切除术的患者。现介绍完整的方案。为了减少或避免使用阿片类药物,镇痛策略应运而生。在这些策略中,结合使用不同的非阿片类镇痛药(布洛芬、扑热息痛、甲氰咪唑)作为围手术期多模式镇痛方案的一部分,已被证明是一种有效而安全的药物治疗策略。没有大量证据表明使用非甾体抗炎药会增加术后出血的风险:腺扁桃体切除术疼痛的围手术期管理应包括预防性镇痛和多模式镇痛,这两种镇痛方法的镇痛效果明显优于某些阿片类药物。布洛芬可为术后疼痛提供高效镇痛,尤其是与对乙酰氨基酚联合使用时。
{"title":"Updating Clinical Practice: Improving Perioperative Pain Management for Adeno-Tonsillectomy in Children.","authors":"Juan Manuel Redondo-Enríquez, María Rivas-Medina, Manuel María Galán-Mateos","doi":"10.3390/children11101190","DOIUrl":"10.3390/children11101190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Perioperative acute pain management in pediatric patients is essential to reduce complications. Adenoidectomy-Tonsillectomy are surgical procedures requiring pain control, and risk minimization for postoperative bleeding, nausea, and vomiting. Despite their known secondary effects, the use of opioid analgesics is still preponderant in pediatric perioperative management. We performed a comprehensive review on adeno-tonsillectomy perioperative pain management in children. We developed and implemented a multimodal analgesia protocol aimed to improve patients' pain management while consistently reducing opioids use.</p><p><strong>Methods/results: </strong>relevant Information was summarized, then compared to our clinical needs. Learnings were used to create and implement a multimodal analgesia protocol that we use in patients 3-9 years-old undergoing adenoidectomy/tonsillectomy. The full protocol is presented. Analgesic strategies have emerged to reduce or avoid the use of opioids. Among these strategies, combining different non-opioid analgesics (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Metamizole) has been shown to be an effective and safe pharmacological strategy when implemented as part of perioperative multimodal analgesia protocols. Considerable evidence associating the use of NSAIDs with a bigger risk of postoperative bleeding does not exist.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Perioperative management of adenotonsillectomy pain should include preventive and multimodal analgesia, which have shown to provide significantly more effective analgesia than some opioid regimens. Ibuprofen offers highly effective analgesia for postoperative pain, particularly when combined with acetaminophen.</p>","PeriodicalId":48588,"journal":{"name":"Children-Basel","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11505956/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142510813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Children-Basel
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