The red king crab, Paralithodes camtscaticus, is a commercially significant crustacean that supports lucrative fisheries in Russia, the USA, and Norway. The western Kamchatka shelf, located in the Sea of Okhotsk, is home to one of the most important populations of the red king crab. In this study, we have conducted a review of the symbionts associated with P. camtscaticus in the waters off the Kamchatka Peninsula. A total of 42 symbiotic species belonging to 14 different phyla were identified in association with the red king crab. Out of these, 14 species were found to be parasitic to the red king crab, while the remaining 28 were either commensal or epibiont in nature. The taxa with the highest number of associated species included ciliates (11), crustaceans (8), and acanthocephalans (4). Our study found that red king crabs suffering from shell disease exhibited a more diverse symbiotic fauna and higher infestation indices as compared to healthy crabs, which were found to be free from parasites. Dangerous symbionts, such as dinoflagellates Hematodinium sp. and rhizocephalan barnacles Briarosaccus callosus, had low incidence rates, indicating that the red king crab population in the Sea of Okhotsk is in good condition with respect to population abundance, health, and recruitment and is not being adversely impacted by symbiotic organisms.
{"title":"Symbionts of Red King Crab from the Sea of Okhotsk: A Review of Russian Studies.","authors":"Alexander G Dvoretsky, Vladimir G Dvoretsky","doi":"10.3390/biology14020148","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020148","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The red king crab, <i>Paralithodes camtscaticus</i>, is a commercially significant crustacean that supports lucrative fisheries in Russia, the USA, and Norway. The western Kamchatka shelf, located in the Sea of Okhotsk, is home to one of the most important populations of the red king crab. In this study, we have conducted a review of the symbionts associated with <i>P. camtscaticus</i> in the waters off the Kamchatka Peninsula. A total of 42 symbiotic species belonging to 14 different phyla were identified in association with the red king crab. Out of these, 14 species were found to be parasitic to the red king crab, while the remaining 28 were either commensal or epibiont in nature. The taxa with the highest number of associated species included ciliates (11), crustaceans (8), and acanthocephalans (4). Our study found that red king crabs suffering from shell disease exhibited a more diverse symbiotic fauna and higher infestation indices as compared to healthy crabs, which were found to be free from parasites. Dangerous symbionts, such as dinoflagellates <i>Hematodinium</i> sp. and rhizocephalan barnacles <i>Briarosaccus callosus</i>, had low incidence rates, indicating that the red king crab population in the Sea of Okhotsk is in good condition with respect to population abundance, health, and recruitment and is not being adversely impacted by symbiotic organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel Andreas Staggl, Carlos De Gracia, Faviel A López-Romero, Sebastian Stumpf, Eduardo Villalobos-Segura, Michael J Benton, Jürgen Kriwet
The modern diversity of sharks, skates, and rays (Neoselachii) is the result of various diversification and extinction events during the Mesozoic (252-66 Ma). However, the key drivers of their diversity patterns remain poorly understood despite all the progress that has been accomplished in recent years. Here, we show that the interplay of climatic- and tectonic-linked trajectories, resulting in a high shallow marine habitat availability and lower atmospheric CO2 concentration, were significant drivers and sustainers of Mesozoic neoselachian diversity. We show, for the first time, that higher atmospheric CO2 content negatively affected neoselachian diversity in the past. The recognized gradual faunal changes throughout the Mesozoic and the two major diversification events during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, respectively, ultimately cumulated in an all-time diversity high in the Palaeogene despite the events during the end-Cretaceous extinction event, highlighting their remarkable resilience and adaptability despite severe environmental challenges. We thus provide novel perspectives on the processes underlying neoselachian diversification since the Mesozoic that contribute importantly to a better understanding of the selective forces that have shaped the long-term evolution and diversification of neoselachians. Given their vital role in modern ecosystems, our results provide information about possible future trends in the face of the current climate crisis.
{"title":"The Drivers of Mesozoic Neoselachian Success and Resilience.","authors":"Manuel Andreas Staggl, Carlos De Gracia, Faviel A López-Romero, Sebastian Stumpf, Eduardo Villalobos-Segura, Michael J Benton, Jürgen Kriwet","doi":"10.3390/biology14020142","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The modern diversity of sharks, skates, and rays (Neoselachii) is the result of various diversification and extinction events during the Mesozoic (252-66 Ma). However, the key drivers of their diversity patterns remain poorly understood despite all the progress that has been accomplished in recent years. Here, we show that the interplay of climatic- and tectonic-linked trajectories, resulting in a high shallow marine habitat availability and lower atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, were significant drivers and sustainers of Mesozoic neoselachian diversity. We show, for the first time, that higher atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> content negatively affected neoselachian diversity in the past. The recognized gradual faunal changes throughout the Mesozoic and the two major diversification events during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, respectively, ultimately cumulated in an all-time diversity high in the Palaeogene despite the events during the end-Cretaceous extinction event, highlighting their remarkable resilience and adaptability despite severe environmental challenges. We thus provide novel perspectives on the processes underlying neoselachian diversification since the Mesozoic that contribute importantly to a better understanding of the selective forces that have shaped the long-term evolution and diversification of neoselachians. Given their vital role in modern ecosystems, our results provide information about possible future trends in the face of the current climate crisis.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamedazim I B Abuagla, Javaid Iqbal, Hael S A Raweh, Abdelsalam S A Abdelaziz, Abdulaziz S Alqarni
The impact of agrochemicals on pollinators, especially honey bees, has drawn significant attention due to its critical implications for worldwide food stability and ecosystems. Given the potential threat of insecticides to honey bees, bees may encounter multiple insecticides simultaneously during foraging. This study investigated the toxic effect of an insecticide mixture (IM) containing acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) on the survival and cognitive appetitive performance of Apis mellifera jemenitica, a vital native pollinator in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The lethal concentration (LC50) was determined by assessing bees' mortality rates following exposure to IM through topical and oral routes. Significant bee mortality occurred at 4-48 h post treatment with IM through both exposure routes, showing a trend of increased mortality with higher IM concentrations compared to the control bees. Throughout all tested times, topical exposure proved relatively more effective, resulting in significantly greater bee mortality compared to oral exposure to IM. Food intake declined progressively with rising IM concentrations during oral exposure. The LC50 values of IM at 24 h after treatment were 12.24 ppm for topical and 10.45 ppm for oral exposure. The corresponding LC10, LC20, and LC30 values were 3.75 ppm, 5.63 ppm, and 7.54 ppm for topical exposure and 2.45 ppm, 4.04 ppm, and 5.78 ppm for oral exposure, respectively. The combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic effect (0.43) for topical exposure and antagonistic effects (1.43) for oral exposure, highlighting differential toxicity dynamics. IM exposure significantly impaired cognitive acquisition and memory reinforcement in honey bees, as demonstrated through behavioral assays, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. Learning and memory formation significantly declined at 2, 12, and 24 h after exposure to sublethal concentrations of IM through both topical and oral routes. Thus, evaluating the interactive impact of multiple pesticides on bees' health and cognitive function is essential, particularly in regions where diverse agrochemicals are routinely utilized.
{"title":"Binary Mixture of Neonicotinoid-Pyrethroid Insecticide: Impact on Survival, Cognitive Learning, and Memory in <i>Apis mellifera jemenitica</i>.","authors":"Mohamedazim I B Abuagla, Javaid Iqbal, Hael S A Raweh, Abdelsalam S A Abdelaziz, Abdulaziz S Alqarni","doi":"10.3390/biology14020147","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The impact of agrochemicals on pollinators, especially honey bees, has drawn significant attention due to its critical implications for worldwide food stability and ecosystems. Given the potential threat of insecticides to honey bees, bees may encounter multiple insecticides simultaneously during foraging. This study investigated the toxic effect of an insecticide mixture (IM) containing acetamiprid (neonicotinoid) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) on the survival and cognitive appetitive performance of <i>Apis mellifera jemenitica,</i> a vital native pollinator in arid regions of Saudi Arabia. The lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) was determined by assessing bees' mortality rates following exposure to IM through topical and oral routes. Significant bee mortality occurred at 4-48 h post treatment with IM through both exposure routes, showing a trend of increased mortality with higher IM concentrations compared to the control bees. Throughout all tested times, topical exposure proved relatively more effective, resulting in significantly greater bee mortality compared to oral exposure to IM. Food intake declined progressively with rising IM concentrations during oral exposure. The LC<sub>50</sub> values of IM at 24 h after treatment were 12.24 ppm for topical and 10.45 ppm for oral exposure. The corresponding LC<sub>10</sub>, LC<sub>20</sub>, and LC<sub>30</sub> values were 3.75 ppm, 5.63 ppm, and 7.54 ppm for topical exposure and 2.45 ppm, 4.04 ppm, and 5.78 ppm for oral exposure, respectively. The combination index (CI) revealed a synergistic effect (0.43) for topical exposure and antagonistic effects (1.43) for oral exposure, highlighting differential toxicity dynamics. IM exposure significantly impaired cognitive acquisition and memory reinforcement in honey bees, as demonstrated through behavioral assays, indicating potential neurotoxic effects. Learning and memory formation significantly declined at 2, 12, and 24 h after exposure to sublethal concentrations of IM through both topical and oral routes. Thus, evaluating the interactive impact of multiple pesticides on bees' health and cognitive function is essential, particularly in regions where diverse agrochemicals are routinely utilized.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaobo Du, Huichun Xie, Gaosen Zhang, Feng Qiao, Guigong Geng, Chongyi E
Desertification severely impacts soil environments, necessitating effective control measures to improve sandy soil. On the alpine sandy land of Gonghe Basin, taking bare land containing mobile sand dunes (LD) as a reference, surface soil undergoing four afforestation measures, namely Salix cheilophila + Populus simonii (WLYY), Salix psammophila + Salix cheilophila (SLWL), Artemisia ordosica + Caragana korshinskii (SHNT), and Caragana korshinskii (NT80), was studied, with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity measured and the bacterial community structure analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Compared to LD, all four afforestation measures significantly reduced the sand content, while increasing soil total carbon, total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium. WLYY, SLWL, and SHNT significantly increased the surface soil total phosphorus and total potassium. Catalase, sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly increased under all four measures. Among them, the highest improvements were observed under SLWL, followed by WLYY. All treatments increased soil bacterial community richness, exhibiting significantly different bacterial community compositions to those in LD. Total phosphorus was the key physicochemical factor affecting the soil bacterial community structure, while enzyme activity was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of most major bacterial phyla. All measures improved the surface soil environment, with SLWL demonstrating the best improvement. The results provide valuable reference for sand prevention and control strategies in alpine sandy areas and offer a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of sandy soil microenvironments.
{"title":"Improvement Effects of Different Afforestation Measures on the Surface Soil of Alpine Sandy Land.","authors":"Shaobo Du, Huichun Xie, Gaosen Zhang, Feng Qiao, Guigong Geng, Chongyi E","doi":"10.3390/biology14020144","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020144","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Desertification severely impacts soil environments, necessitating effective control measures to improve sandy soil. On the alpine sandy land of Gonghe Basin, taking bare land containing mobile sand dunes (LD) as a reference, surface soil undergoing four afforestation measures, namely <i>Salix cheilophil</i>a + <i>Populus simonii</i> (WLYY), <i>Salix psammophila</i> + <i>Salix cheilophila</i> (SLWL), <i>Artemisia ordosica</i> + <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> (SHNT), and <i>Caragana korshinskii</i> (NT80), was studied, with soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity measured and the bacterial community structure analyzed using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. Compared to LD, all four afforestation measures significantly reduced the sand content, while increasing soil total carbon, total nitrogen, organic matter, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, and available potassium. WLYY, SLWL, and SHNT significantly increased the surface soil total phosphorus and total potassium. Catalase, sucrase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase activities significantly increased under all four measures. Among them, the highest improvements were observed under SLWL, followed by WLYY. All treatments increased soil bacterial community richness, exhibiting significantly different bacterial community compositions to those in LD. Total phosphorus was the key physicochemical factor affecting the soil bacterial community structure, while enzyme activity was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of most major bacterial phyla. All measures improved the surface soil environment, with SLWL demonstrating the best improvement. The results provide valuable reference for sand prevention and control strategies in alpine sandy areas and offer a theoretical basis for the ecological restoration of sandy soil microenvironments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Camila Godoy-Diaz, Katalina Llanos-Azócar, Gonzalo J Ruiz-Tagle, Jorge E Toro, Pablo A Oyarzún, Juan A Valdés
The Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis) is a flat oyster native to Chile and New Zealand. Over-exploitation has led to local extinctions in some areas. Two phenotypes, distinguished by dark or white mantle edge pigmentation, have been identified, with the dark-edged mantle oysters being more commercially valuable due to perceived quality. In this study, transcriptomic data were obtained from the mantles of both phenotypes. Total RNA was extracted of adult Chilean Oyster mantle, and samples were sequenced using HiSeq X Illumina technology. A total of 935,620,583 paired-end reads were de novo assembled, 50,908 transcripts produced, and a reference transcriptome created with 37.92% GC content and an N50 of 1929 bp. Functional annotation showed a total of 51,315 GO terms, with 21,322 annotations on Biological Process, 14,578 annotations on Molecular Functions, and 15,415 annotations on Cellular Component. The RNA-seq analysis revealed 746 differentially expressed transcripts, 573 up-regulated and 173 transcripts down-regulated, between dark- and white-mantle edge Chilean Oyster. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed notable differences in the expression profiles allowing the detection of differential expressed transcripts associated with specific pathways such as Ribosome, Citrate cycle, and Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Other interesting differentially represented pathways include Tyrosine metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, ABC transporters, Notch signaling pathway, Endocytosis, and Calcium signaling pathway. This dataset provides a valuable molecular resource for O. chilensis and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mantle edge pigmentation.
{"title":"Understanding Mantle Edge Pigmentation Through Comprehensive Transcriptomic Profiling of the Chilean Oyster (<i>Ostrea chilensis</i>).","authors":"Camila Godoy-Diaz, Katalina Llanos-Azócar, Gonzalo J Ruiz-Tagle, Jorge E Toro, Pablo A Oyarzún, Juan A Valdés","doi":"10.3390/biology14020145","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Chilean oyster (<i>Ostrea chilensis</i>) is a flat oyster native to Chile and New Zealand. Over-exploitation has led to local extinctions in some areas. Two phenotypes, distinguished by dark or white mantle edge pigmentation, have been identified, with the dark-edged mantle oysters being more commercially valuable due to perceived quality. In this study, transcriptomic data were obtained from the mantles of both phenotypes. Total RNA was extracted of adult Chilean Oyster mantle, and samples were sequenced using HiSeq X Illumina technology. A total of 935,620,583 paired-end reads were de novo assembled, 50,908 transcripts produced, and a reference transcriptome created with 37.92% GC content and an N50 of 1929 bp. Functional annotation showed a total of 51,315 GO terms, with 21,322 annotations on Biological Process, 14,578 annotations on Molecular Functions, and 15,415 annotations on Cellular Component. The RNA-seq analysis revealed 746 differentially expressed transcripts, 573 up-regulated and 173 transcripts down-regulated, between dark- and white-mantle edge Chilean Oyster. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed notable differences in the expression profiles allowing the detection of differential expressed transcripts associated with specific pathways such as Ribosome, Citrate cycle, and Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. Other interesting differentially represented pathways include Tyrosine metabolism, Tryptophan metabolism, cAMP signaling pathway, ABC transporters, Notch signaling pathway, Endocytosis, and Calcium signaling pathway. This dataset provides a valuable molecular resource for <i>O. chilensis</i> and the understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in mantle edge pigmentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Otávio Augusto Garcia Simili, Adriano Cressoni Araújo, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Rosa Direito, Vitor Engrácia Valenti, Vitor de Oliveira, Juliana Santos de Oliveira, José Luiz Yanaguizawa Junior, Jefferson Aparecido Dias, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Rose Eli Grassi Rici, Manuela Dos Santos Bueno, Kátia Portero Sloan, Lance Alan Sloan, Sandra Maria Barbalho
Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment for several diseases mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet is linked to several health benefits, such as regulation of circadian rhythm, regulation of the immunological system, epilepsy control, delaying the aging process, and diminishing hormones related to cancer. This review aimed to show the effects of melatonin in diseases beyond its traditional use. The results showed it can present scavenging of free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the immune system. Moreover, it can improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, and plaque formation. These effects result in neuro- and cardioprotection, improvement of liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, and sepsis. We conclude that plant melatonin can benefit patients with many diseases besides sleep problems and neurodegeneration. Plant melatonin may be more cost-effective and present fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, more clinical trials should be performed to show adequate doses, formulation, and treatment time.
{"title":"Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting-A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits.","authors":"Lucas Fornari Laurindo, Otávio Augusto Garcia Simili, Adriano Cressoni Araújo, Elen Landgraf Guiguer, Rosa Direito, Vitor Engrácia Valenti, Vitor de Oliveira, Juliana Santos de Oliveira, José Luiz Yanaguizawa Junior, Jefferson Aparecido Dias, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Rose Eli Grassi Rici, Manuela Dos Santos Bueno, Kátia Portero Sloan, Lance Alan Sloan, Sandra Maria Barbalho","doi":"10.3390/biology14020143","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment for several diseases mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet is linked to several health benefits, such as regulation of circadian rhythm, regulation of the immunological system, epilepsy control, delaying the aging process, and diminishing hormones related to cancer. This review aimed to show the effects of melatonin in diseases beyond its traditional use. The results showed it can present scavenging of free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the immune system. Moreover, it can improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, and plaque formation. These effects result in neuro- and cardioprotection, improvement of liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, and sepsis. We conclude that plant melatonin can benefit patients with many diseases besides sleep problems and neurodegeneration. Plant melatonin may be more cost-effective and present fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, more clinical trials should be performed to show adequate doses, formulation, and treatment time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143504989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
(1) Background: Although all severe calcific aortic stenosis (SCAS) patients have decreased sympathetic compensation to active standing, it has not been studied in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). The objective was to assess the association of the heart rate variability (HRV) response to an active orthostatic challenge before AVR with the risk of complications or death during the AVR postoperative period in patients with SCAS. (2) Methods: This observational study included 49 patients. The cardiac autonomic activity was assessed by HRV analysis during supine position and active standing (five minutes each). (3) Results: Twenty-four patients (48.9%) who presented outcomes (complication or death) had a greater left ventricular (LV) mass and a smaller magnitude of change during active standing in both the mean cardiac period and sympathetic predominance. Poor sympathetic compensation to active standing and LV mass were independently associated with the outcome odds ratio (OR) = 4.8 [(1.06, 21.8), p < 0.041] and 1.03 [(1.007, 1.062), p < 0.013], respectively. (4) Conclusions: In SCAS patients, poor sympathetic compensation in the face of orthostatic challenge and greater LV mass are associated with complications or death after AVR surgery. This approach offers an opportunity to find new criteria to reduce the surgical risk of these patients.
{"title":"Poor Sympathetic Compensation During Active Standing Increases the Risk of Morbidity-Mortality in the Post-Surgery of Patients with Severe Calcific Aortic Stenosis.","authors":"Nydia Avila-Vanzzini, Anayanci Santana-Ortiz, Daniela Sánchez-Estrada, Rashidi Springall, Abel Lerma, Héctor Herrera-Bello, Martín Calderón-Juárez, Claudia Lerma","doi":"10.3390/biology14020146","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background: Although all severe calcific aortic stenosis (SCAS) patients have decreased sympathetic compensation to active standing, it has not been studied in patients who underwent aortic valve replacement (AVR). The objective was to assess the association of the heart rate variability (HRV) response to an active orthostatic challenge before AVR with the risk of complications or death during the AVR postoperative period in patients with SCAS. (2) Methods: This observational study included 49 patients. The cardiac autonomic activity was assessed by HRV analysis during supine position and active standing (five minutes each). (3) Results: Twenty-four patients (48.9%) who presented outcomes (complication or death) had a greater left ventricular (LV) mass and a smaller magnitude of change during active standing in both the mean cardiac period and sympathetic predominance. Poor sympathetic compensation to active standing and LV mass were independently associated with the outcome odds ratio (OR) = 4.8 [(1.06, 21.8), <i>p</i> < 0.041] and 1.03 [(1.007, 1.062), <i>p</i> < 0.013], respectively. (4) Conclusions: In SCAS patients, poor sympathetic compensation in the face of orthostatic challenge and greater LV mass are associated with complications or death after AVR surgery. This approach offers an opportunity to find new criteria to reduce the surgical risk of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseba Aguilo-Arce, Maria Scrascia, Roberta Trani, Carlo Pazzani, Pere Ferriol, Caterina Longo
With more than 9600 valid species worldwide [...].
{"title":"Two Demosponges as Promising Bioremediators of a Potential Pathogenic <i>Vibrio</i>.","authors":"Joseba Aguilo-Arce, Maria Scrascia, Roberta Trani, Carlo Pazzani, Pere Ferriol, Caterina Longo","doi":"10.3390/biology14020140","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With more than 9600 valid species worldwide [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852045/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Odir Nunes de Oliveira-Filho, Maria Isabela Lopes Gandolfo, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, Letícia Pitol-Palin, Paulo Roberto Botacin, Gabriel Mulinari-Santos, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista, Roberta Okamoto
Estrogen deficiency contributes to osteoporosis and can therefore compromise the peri-implant bone. Hence, this study evaluated peri-implant bone healing when Rubus coreanus (RC) was administered orally in ovariectomized and healthy rats. Forty 4-month-old female rats were divided into four groups: SHAM (healthy rats), SHAM/RC (healthy rats treated with RC), OVX (ovariectomized rats), and OVX/RC (ovariectomized rats treated with RC). The oral administration of RC started thirty days after ovariectomy, and implant placement into the rat tibia occurred ninety days after the ovariectomy. Euthanasia occurred sixty days after implantation. The analyses performed included removal torque, RT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and immunolabeling. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered for all tests. The highest reverse torque values were observed in the SHAM/RC group, followed by the OVX/RC group. Confocal microscopy showed the greatest bone biomineralization in the SHAM/RC group, followed by the OVX/RC group. RT-PCR data indicated that RC decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio in both conditions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a balance between bone formation and resorption in all groups, especially stimulating osteoblastogenesis in both treated groups. In conclusion, RC enhanced peri-implant bone healing and biomineralization in both healthy and ovariectomized rats, with stronger effects in healthy rats, suggesting that estrogen may enhance its efficacy. These findings support RC's potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent.
{"title":"<i>Rubus coreanus</i> Enhances Peri-Implant Bone Healing and Biomineralization in Ovariectomized and Healthy Rats.","authors":"Naara Gabriela Monteiro, Odir Nunes de Oliveira-Filho, Maria Isabela Lopes Gandolfo, Ana Cláudia Ervolino da Silva, Letícia Pitol-Palin, Paulo Roberto Botacin, Gabriel Mulinari-Santos, Fábio Roberto de Souza Batista, Roberta Okamoto","doi":"10.3390/biology14020139","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Estrogen deficiency contributes to osteoporosis and can therefore compromise the peri-implant bone. Hence, this study evaluated peri-implant bone healing when <i>Rubus coreanus</i> (RC) was administered orally in ovariectomized and healthy rats. Forty 4-month-old female rats were divided into four groups: SHAM (healthy rats), SHAM/RC (healthy rats treated with RC), OVX (ovariectomized rats), and OVX/RC (ovariectomized rats treated with RC). The oral administration of RC started thirty days after ovariectomy, and implant placement into the rat tibia occurred ninety days after the ovariectomy. Euthanasia occurred sixty days after implantation. The analyses performed included removal torque, RT-PCR, confocal microscopy, and immunolabeling. A significance level of <i>p</i> < 0.05 was considered for all tests. The highest reverse torque values were observed in the SHAM/RC group, followed by the OVX/RC group. Confocal microscopy showed the greatest bone biomineralization in the SHAM/RC group, followed by the OVX/RC group. RT-PCR data indicated that RC decreased the RANKL/OPG ratio in both conditions. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a balance between bone formation and resorption in all groups, especially stimulating osteoblastogenesis in both treated groups. In conclusion, RC enhanced peri-implant bone healing and biomineralization in both healthy and ovariectomized rats, with stronger effects in healthy rats, suggesting that estrogen may enhance its efficacy. These findings support RC's potential as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ekaterina Polkhovskaya, Evgeniy Moskalev, Pavel Merkulov, Ksenia Dudnikova, Maxim Dudnikov, Ivan Gruzdev, Yakov Demurin, Alexander Soloviev, Ilya Kirov
The rapid identification of allele variants in target genes is crucial for accelerating marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. Although current high-throughput genotyping methods are efficient in detecting known polymorphisms, they are limited when multiple variant sites are scattered along the gene. This study presents a target amplicon sequencing approach using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT-TAS) to rapidly sequence full-length genes and identify allele variants in sunflower and wheat collections. This procedure combines multiplex PCR and a rapid sequencing kit, significantly reducing the time and cost compared to previous methods. The efficiency of the approach was demonstrated by sequencing four genes (Ahasl1, Ahasl2, Ahasl3, and FAD2) in 40 sunflower genotypes and three genes (Ppo, Wx, and Lox) in 30 wheat genotypes. The ONT-TAS revealed a complete picture of SNPs and InDels distributed over the individual alleles, enabling rapid (4.5 h for PCR and sequencing) characterization of the genetic diversity of the target genes in the germplasm collections. The results showed a significant diversity of the Ahasl1/Ahasl3 and Wx-A/Lox-B genes in the sunflower and wheat collections, respectively. This method offers a high-throughput, cost-effective (USD 3.4 per gene) solution for genotyping and identifying novel allele variants in plant breeding programs.
{"title":"Cost-Effective Detection of SNPs and Structural Variations in Full-Length Genes of Wheat and Sunflower Using Multiplex PCR and Rapid Nanopore Kit.","authors":"Ekaterina Polkhovskaya, Evgeniy Moskalev, Pavel Merkulov, Ksenia Dudnikova, Maxim Dudnikov, Ivan Gruzdev, Yakov Demurin, Alexander Soloviev, Ilya Kirov","doi":"10.3390/biology14020138","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid identification of allele variants in target genes is crucial for accelerating marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. Although current high-throughput genotyping methods are efficient in detecting known polymorphisms, they are limited when multiple variant sites are scattered along the gene. This study presents a target amplicon sequencing approach using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT-TAS) to rapidly sequence full-length genes and identify allele variants in sunflower and wheat collections. This procedure combines multiplex PCR and a rapid sequencing kit, significantly reducing the time and cost compared to previous methods. The efficiency of the approach was demonstrated by sequencing four genes (<i>Ahasl1</i>, <i>Ahasl2</i>, <i>Ahasl3</i>, and <i>FAD2</i>) in 40 sunflower genotypes and three genes (<i>Ppo</i>, <i>Wx</i>, and <i>Lox</i>) in 30 wheat genotypes. The ONT-TAS revealed a complete picture of SNPs and InDels distributed over the individual alleles, enabling rapid (4.5 h for PCR and sequencing) characterization of the genetic diversity of the target genes in the germplasm collections. The results showed a significant diversity of the <i>Ahasl1</i>/<i>Ahasl3</i> and <i>Wx-A</i>/<i>Lox-B</i> genes in the sunflower and wheat collections, respectively. This method offers a high-throughput, cost-effective (USD 3.4 per gene) solution for genotyping and identifying novel allele variants in plant breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851361/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}