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Metabolic Activity of Invasive Apple Snails Negatively Affects the Survival of Native Benthic Snail in Mangrove.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020141
Jinling Liu, Caiying Zhang, Huixiu Yu, Zixin Fu, Huizhen Xie, Yiming Wang, Benliang Zhao, Qing Li, Kailin Kuang, Huanting Lin

The golden apple snail (GAS, Pomacea canaliculata) has invaded mangrove forests. The effect of water contaminated by metabolic activity of GAS feeding on Acanthus ilicifolius (T1), Sonneratia apetala (T2), and without food (CK) on the native mangrove black helmet snail (BHS, Neritina pulligera) was investigated under salinity conditions. The GAS deteriorated saline water quality (2.5‱). DO contents in T1 and T2 approached zero at 9 d. Compared to CK, the contents of COD, total N, NH4+, NO3-, and total P of the contaminated water in T1 increased by 297%, 205%, 262%, 210%, and 518% after 9 d, while these indicators in T2 increased by 74%, 31%, 57%, 326%, and 154%, respectively. The LC50 of the contaminated water in T1 against the BHS reached 22.72%. The weight of the BHS exposed to the 100% contaminated water in T1 and T2 significantly decreased after exposure. The content of GPT of the BHS exposed to the 100%-contaminated water in T1 and T2 increased by 55% and 26%, while the MDA content increased by 38% and 34%. The 100%-contaminated water in T1 led to cell degeneration and incomplete structure in the hepatopancreas tissue of the BHS. The GAS feeding on holly mangroves can compete against native mangrove snails through water deterioration.

{"title":"Metabolic Activity of Invasive Apple Snails Negatively Affects the Survival of Native Benthic Snail in Mangrove.","authors":"Jinling Liu, Caiying Zhang, Huixiu Yu, Zixin Fu, Huizhen Xie, Yiming Wang, Benliang Zhao, Qing Li, Kailin Kuang, Huanting Lin","doi":"10.3390/biology14020141","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The golden apple snail (GAS, <i>Pomacea canaliculata</i>) has invaded mangrove forests. The effect of water contaminated by metabolic activity of GAS feeding on <i>Acanthus ilicifolius</i> (T1), <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> (T2), and without food (CK) on the native mangrove black helmet snail (BHS, <i>Neritina pulligera</i>) was investigated under salinity conditions. The GAS deteriorated saline water quality (2.5‱). DO contents in T1 and T2 approached zero at 9 d. Compared to CK, the contents of COD, total N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, and total P of the contaminated water in T1 increased by 297%, 205%, 262%, 210%, and 518% after 9 d, while these indicators in T2 increased by 74%, 31%, 57%, 326%, and 154%, respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> of the contaminated water in T1 against the BHS reached 22.72%. The weight of the BHS exposed to the 100% contaminated water in T1 and T2 significantly decreased after exposure. The content of GPT of the BHS exposed to the 100%-contaminated water in T1 and T2 increased by 55% and 26%, while the MDA content increased by 38% and 34%. The 100%-contaminated water in T1 led to cell degeneration and incomplete structure in the hepatopancreas tissue of the BHS. The GAS feeding on holly mangroves can compete against native mangrove snails through water deterioration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851716/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Impact of Ad Libitum Hydration on Muscle and Liver Damage and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Trail Events: A Heatmap Analysis of Biomarkers and Event Characteristics-A Pilot Study.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020136
Alejandro García-Giménez, Francisco Pradas, Miguel Lecina, Nicolae Ochiana, Carlos Castellar-Otín

Ultra-trail events (UTs) pose significant challenges to maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance, with risks of dehydration (DH), overhydration (OH), exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). This study examined the effects of ad libitum (ADL) hydration on hydration status and muscle damage during a nine-stage UT (635 km, 40,586 m elevation gain). Four highly trained male athletes participated. Hydration was assessed via body weight loss (BWL), urine specific gravity (Usg), and serum sodium ([Na+]), while muscle damage markers included creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and calcium (Ca), and liver damage biomarkers included aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Our results showed no cases of EAH or hypernatremia ([Na+] > 145 mmol·L-1), with serum [Na+] maintained above 135 mmol·L-1. BWL exceeded the 2% DH threshold in early stages (p = 0.029), and Usg remained elevated (>1.020 g·mL-1). LDH and CK significantly increased at all stages (p < 0.05), persisting for 48 h post-event. Correlations showed BWL aggravated muscle damage (r = 0.47 with CK) and hypocalcemia (r = -0.68 with Ca). Elevation gain/loss amplified fluid loss and muscle injury. While ADL hydration mitigated EAH, it did not fully address DH or muscle damage. Personalized hydration and recovery protocols are crucial to optimizing performance and health in UT events.

{"title":"Impact of Ad Libitum Hydration on Muscle and Liver Damage and Electrolyte Balance in Ultra-Trail Events: A Heatmap Analysis of Biomarkers and Event Characteristics-A Pilot Study.","authors":"Alejandro García-Giménez, Francisco Pradas, Miguel Lecina, Nicolae Ochiana, Carlos Castellar-Otín","doi":"10.3390/biology14020136","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ultra-trail events (UTs) pose significant challenges to maintaining hydration and electrolyte balance, with risks of dehydration (DH), overhydration (OH), exercise-associated hyponatremia (EAH), and exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER). This study examined the effects of ad libitum (ADL) hydration on hydration status and muscle damage during a nine-stage UT (635 km, 40,586 m elevation gain). Four highly trained male athletes participated. Hydration was assessed via body weight loss (BWL), urine specific gravity (U<sub>sg</sub>), and serum sodium ([Na+]), while muscle damage markers included creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and calcium (Ca), and liver damage biomarkers included aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Our results showed no cases of EAH or hypernatremia ([Na+] > 145 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>), with serum [Na+] maintained above 135 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup>. BWL exceeded the 2% DH threshold in early stages (<i>p</i> = 0.029), and U<sub>sg</sub> remained elevated (>1.020 g·mL<sup>-1</sup>). LDH and CK significantly increased at all stages (<i>p</i> < 0.05), persisting for 48 h post-event. Correlations showed BWL aggravated muscle damage (r = 0.47 with CK) and hypocalcemia (r = -0.68 with Ca). Elevation gain/loss amplified fluid loss and muscle injury. While ADL hydration mitigated EAH, it did not fully address DH or muscle damage. Personalized hydration and recovery protocols are crucial to optimizing performance and health in UT events.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancements in Ocular Neuro-Prosthetics: Bridging Neuroscience and Information and Communication Technology for Vision Restoration.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020134
Daniele Giansanti

Background: Neuroprosthetics for vision restoration have advanced significantly, incorporating technologies like retinal implants, cortical implants, and non-invasive stimulation methods. These advancements hold the potential to tackle major challenges in visual prosthetics, such as enhancing functionality, improving biocompatibility, and enabling real-time object recognition.

Aim: The aim of this review overview is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in ocular neuroprostheses.

Methods: A narrative review was conducted, focusing on the latest developments in visual neuroprosthetics. Comprehensive searches were carried out on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using specific keywords. A specific narrative checklist was applied, alongside a tailored quality assessment methodology, to evaluate the quality of the studies included. A total of sixteen relevant studies from the past three years were included in the review.

Results and discussion: The integration of artificial retinas, cortical implants, high technology-enabled prosthetics, gene therapies, nanotechnology, and bioprinting has shown significant promise in enhancing the quality and functionality of vision restoration systems, offering potential to address complex visual impairments and improve independence and mobility for individuals with blindness. These innovations appear to have the potential to transform healthcare systems in the future by enabling more efficient and personalized therapies and prosthetic devices. However, challenges such as energy efficiency, scalability, and the neural dynamics of vision restoration persist, requiring continued interdisciplinary collaboration to refine these technologies, overcome ethical and regulatory hurdles, and ensure their effectiveness in real-world applications.

Conclusions: While visual neuroprosthetics have made remarkable progress, addressing challenges related to energy consumption and regulatory and ethical concerns will be crucial for ensuring that neuroprosthetic devices can effectively meet the needs of individuals with visual impairments.

{"title":"Advancements in Ocular Neuro-Prosthetics: Bridging Neuroscience and Information and Communication Technology for Vision Restoration.","authors":"Daniele Giansanti","doi":"10.3390/biology14020134","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neuroprosthetics for vision restoration have advanced significantly, incorporating technologies like retinal implants, cortical implants, and non-invasive stimulation methods. These advancements hold the potential to tackle major challenges in visual prosthetics, such as enhancing functionality, improving biocompatibility, and enabling real-time object recognition.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of this review overview is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest advancements in ocular neuroprostheses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A narrative review was conducted, focusing on the latest developments in visual neuroprosthetics. Comprehensive searches were carried out on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus using specific keywords. A specific narrative checklist was applied, alongside a tailored quality assessment methodology, to evaluate the quality of the studies included. A total of sixteen relevant studies from the past three years were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>The integration of artificial retinas, cortical implants, high technology-enabled prosthetics, gene therapies, nanotechnology, and bioprinting has shown significant promise in enhancing the quality and functionality of vision restoration systems, offering potential to address complex visual impairments and improve independence and mobility for individuals with blindness. These innovations appear to have the potential to transform healthcare systems in the future by enabling more efficient and personalized therapies and prosthetic devices. However, challenges such as energy efficiency, scalability, and the neural dynamics of vision restoration persist, requiring continued interdisciplinary collaboration to refine these technologies, overcome ethical and regulatory hurdles, and ensure their effectiveness in real-world applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While visual neuroprosthetics have made remarkable progress, addressing challenges related to energy consumption and regulatory and ethical concerns will be crucial for ensuring that neuroprosthetic devices can effectively meet the needs of individuals with visual impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852115/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Pilot Field Evaluation of Dietary Ginger Zingiber officinale Effects on Immunity, Blood Metabolic Profile, and Disease Resistance in Labeo rohita Under Semi-Intensive Farming.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020135
Priya Rawat, Vaneet Inder Kaur, Anuj Tyagi, Parisa Norouzitallab, Kartik Baruah

A feeding trial was conducted for 120 days in a pilot field condition to evaluate ginger powder (GP; Zingiber officinale) as a feed supplement for Labeo rohita to improve immunity, blood metabolic profile, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial infection. The study was conducted following a complete randomized design in outdoor cemented tanks (20 m2) with a stocking density of 30 fish (average weight: 20.5 g) per tank. L. rohita fingerlings were divided into five groups and fed a diet with no GP supplementation (control diet; C) or a diet supplemented with 5 g (GP5), 10 g (GP10), 15 g (GP15), or 20 g (GP20) of GP per kg of the control diet. The results showed that fish well-being, determined by measuring the condition factor, remained higher than 1.0 for all the experimental groups. The condition factors of all the groups were not significantly different between the groups, suggesting GP had no negative impact on overall fish health. Immune responses significantly improved in the groups fed with diets supplemented with GP at doses of 10 to 15 g per kg of their diet, as seen in respiratory burst activity, total immunoglobulins, and lysozyme activity at 60 and 120 days. Blood metabolic variables, particularly the albumin level, tended to show some level of improvement in the GP15-fed group. However, the effect was not significant. Total protein and globulin levels and the albumin/globulin ratio were not significantly affected by dietary GP. Importantly, fish fed the GP15 diet showed the highest resistance to the A. hydrophila challenge. In conclusion, ginger powder holds promise as a health-promoting nutraceutical for farmed L. rohita, contributing to their sustainable farming.

{"title":"A Pilot Field Evaluation of Dietary Ginger <i>Zingiber officinale</i> Effects on Immunity, Blood Metabolic Profile, and Disease Resistance in <i>Labeo rohita</i> Under Semi-Intensive Farming.","authors":"Priya Rawat, Vaneet Inder Kaur, Anuj Tyagi, Parisa Norouzitallab, Kartik Baruah","doi":"10.3390/biology14020135","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A feeding trial was conducted for 120 days in a pilot field condition to evaluate ginger powder (GP; <i>Zingiber officinale</i>) as a feed supplement for <i>Labeo rohita</i> to improve immunity, blood metabolic profile, and resistance to <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> bacterial infection. The study was conducted following a complete randomized design in outdoor cemented tanks (20 m<sup>2</sup>) with a stocking density of 30 fish (average weight: 20.5 g) per tank. <i>L. rohita</i> fingerlings were divided into five groups and fed a diet with no GP supplementation (control diet; C) or a diet supplemented with 5 g (GP5), 10 g (GP10), 15 g (GP15), or 20 g (GP20) of GP per kg of the control diet. The results showed that fish well-being, determined by measuring the condition factor, remained higher than 1.0 for all the experimental groups. The condition factors of all the groups were not significantly different between the groups, suggesting GP had no negative impact on overall fish health. Immune responses significantly improved in the groups fed with diets supplemented with GP at doses of 10 to 15 g per kg of their diet, as seen in respiratory burst activity, total immunoglobulins, and lysozyme activity at 60 and 120 days. Blood metabolic variables, particularly the albumin level, tended to show some level of improvement in the GP15-fed group. However, the effect was not significant. Total protein and globulin levels and the albumin/globulin ratio were not significantly affected by dietary GP. Importantly, fish fed the GP15 diet showed the highest resistance to the <i>A. hydrophila</i> challenge. In conclusion, ginger powder holds promise as a health-promoting nutraceutical for farmed <i>L. rohita</i>, contributing to their sustainable farming.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PPARγ Expression in Human Spermatozoa and Its Relationship with Seminal F2-Isoprostanes and Resolvin D1 in the Presence of Varicocele and Urogenital Infections. 精索静脉曲张和泌尿系统感染时人类精子中 PPARγ 的表达及其与精液中 F2-异前列腺素和 Resolvin D1 的关系
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-28 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020137
Giulia Collodel, Elena Moretti, Caterina Marcucci, Laura Liguori, Daniela Marchini, Roberta Corsaro, Gabriele Centini, Cinzia Signorini

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) is a regulating agent in antioxidant response also involved in controlling inflammation. The impact of varicocele and urogenital infections on sperm PPARγ expression was studied. The PPARγ gene expression was investigated in spermatozoa of 26 normozoospermic men grouped according to their clinical conditions: normal semen parameters (N), normal semen parameters and varicocele (N + V), and normal semen parameters and urogenital infections (N + UI). Sperm PPARγ expression was correlated with F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), as markers of lipid peroxidation, and Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a pro-resolving mediator in inflammation. Sperm PPARγ expression was evaluated through comparative real-time PCR, and F2-IsoPs and RvD1 were quantified in the seminal plasma via GC/NCI-MS/MS and immunoassay, respectively. PPARγ expression correlates positively with sperm morphology and vitality and negatively with F2-IsoPs and RvD1. Sperm morphology positively correlates with vitality and negatively with F2-IsoP and RvD1 levels. Despite the normozoospermia in the three examined groups, sperm morphology and PPARγ expression were significantly reduced in N + V and N + UI groups compared to the N group. Additionally, F2-IsoP and RvD1 levels were elevated in N + V and N + UI patients. These data suggest that PPARγ expression is compromised by inflammation and lipoperoxidation, providing new insights to further explore new possibilities of targeted treatment of male infertility.

{"title":"PPARγ Expression in Human Spermatozoa and Its Relationship with Seminal F<sub>2</sub>-Isoprostanes and Resolvin D1 in the Presence of Varicocele and Urogenital Infections.","authors":"Giulia Collodel, Elena Moretti, Caterina Marcucci, Laura Liguori, Daniela Marchini, Roberta Corsaro, Gabriele Centini, Cinzia Signorini","doi":"10.3390/biology14020137","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) is a regulating agent in antioxidant response also involved in controlling inflammation. The impact of varicocele and urogenital infections on sperm PPARγ expression was studied. The PPARγ gene expression was investigated in spermatozoa of 26 normozoospermic men grouped according to their clinical conditions: normal semen parameters (N), normal semen parameters and varicocele (N + V), and normal semen parameters and urogenital infections (N + UI). Sperm PPARγ expression was correlated with F<sub>2</sub>-isoprostanes (F<sub>2</sub>-IsoPs), as markers of lipid peroxidation, and Resolvin D1 (RvD1), a pro-resolving mediator in inflammation. Sperm PPARγ expression was evaluated through comparative real-time PCR, and F<sub>2</sub>-IsoPs and RvD1 were quantified in the seminal plasma via GC/NCI-MS/MS and immunoassay, respectively. PPARγ expression correlates positively with sperm morphology and vitality and negatively with F<sub>2</sub>-IsoPs and RvD1. Sperm morphology positively correlates with vitality and negatively with F<sub>2</sub>-IsoP and RvD1 levels. Despite the normozoospermia in the three examined groups, sperm morphology and PPARγ expression were significantly reduced in N + V and N + UI groups compared to the N group. Additionally, F<sub>2</sub>-IsoP and RvD1 levels were elevated in N + V and N + UI patients. These data suggest that PPARγ expression is compromised by inflammation and lipoperoxidation, providing new insights to further explore new possibilities of targeted treatment of male infertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glutathione Depletion Exacerbates Hepatic Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020131
Kayvan Sasaninia, Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan, Ali Badaoui, Ira Glassman, Sonyeol Yoon, Arshavir Karapetyan, Afsal Kolloli, Ranjeet Kumar, Santhamani Ramasamy, Selvakumar Subbian, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for approximately 17% of all Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections globally. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are at an increased risk for EPTB. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with HIV and T2DM exhibit diminished synthesis of glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. In a murine model, we showed that the diethyl maleate (DEM)-induced depletion of GSH in the lungs led to increased M.tb burden and an impaired pulmonary granulomatous response to M.tb infection. However, the effects of GSH depletion during active EPTB in the liver and spleen have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated hepatic GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as cytokine profiles, in untreated and DEM-treated M.tb-infected wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we assessed hepatic and splenic M.tb burdens and tissue pathologies. DEM treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of the reduced form of GSH and an increase in MDA, oxidized GSH, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Furthermore, DEM-induced GSH decrease was associated with decreased production of IL-12 and IL-17 and elevated production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. A significant increase in M.tb growth was detected in the liver and spleen in DEM-treated M.tb-infected mice. Large, disorganized lymphocyte infiltrates were detected in the hepatic tissues of DEM-treated mice. Overall, GSH diminishment impaired the granulomatous response to M.tb in the liver and exacerbated M.tb growth in both the liver and spleen. These findings provide critical insights into the immunomodulatory role of GSH in TB pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of extrapulmonary M.tb infections.

{"title":"Glutathione Depletion Exacerbates Hepatic <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Infection.","authors":"Kayvan Sasaninia, Aishvaryaa Shree Mohan, Ali Badaoui, Ira Glassman, Sonyeol Yoon, Arshavir Karapetyan, Afsal Kolloli, Ranjeet Kumar, Santhamani Ramasamy, Selvakumar Subbian, Vishwanath Venketaraman","doi":"10.3390/biology14020131","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) accounts for approximately 17% of all <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>) infections globally. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV infection or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), are at an increased risk for EPTB. Previous studies have demonstrated that patients with HIV and T2DM exhibit diminished synthesis of glutathione (GSH) synthesizing enzymes. In a murine model, we showed that the diethyl maleate (DEM)-induced depletion of GSH in the lungs led to increased <i>M.tb</i> burden and an impaired pulmonary granulomatous response to <i>M.tb</i> infection. However, the effects of GSH depletion during active EPTB in the liver and spleen have yet to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated hepatic GSH and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, as well as cytokine profiles, in untreated and DEM-treated <i>M.tb</i>-infected wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, we assessed hepatic and splenic <i>M.tb</i> burdens and tissue pathologies. DEM treatment resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of the reduced form of GSH and an increase in MDA, oxidized GSH, and interleukin (IL)-6 levels. Furthermore, DEM-induced GSH decrease was associated with decreased production of IL-12 and IL-17 and elevated production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. A significant increase in <i>M.tb</i> growth was detected in the liver and spleen in DEM-treated <i>M.tb</i>-infected mice. Large, disorganized lymphocyte infiltrates were detected in the hepatic tissues of DEM-treated mice. Overall, GSH diminishment impaired the granulomatous response to <i>M.tb</i> in the liver and exacerbated <i>M.tb</i> growth in both the liver and spleen. These findings provide critical insights into the immunomodulatory role of GSH in TB pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of extrapulmonary <i>M.tb</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11852144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Enigmatic Spread and Spatial Dynamics of Bursatella leachii in the Mediterranean Sea.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020133
Luca Castriota, Manuela Falautano, Teresa Maggio, Patrizia Perzia

The invasion history of the gastropod mollusk Bursatella leachii in the Mediterranean Sea demonstrates a dynamic progression through distinct phases, comprising arrival, establishment, and expansion phases. Initial records in the 1930s trace its entry through the Suez Canal, likely followed by larval transport to the Aegean Sea facilitated by natural currents. The subsequent spread to Maltese and Italian waters suggests secondary dispersion favored by maritime traffic or aquaculture activities. The establishment phase shows a significant increase in occurrences and spatial dispersion, with aggregated nuclei in the central Mediterranean. The expansion phase was characterized by rapid dispersal and intensified densities, particularly in the Aegean, Adriatic, and Spanish coasts. These findings underscore the species' capability to invade from multiple fronts, driven by both natural and human-mediated processes. A new location in the Strait of Sicily, i.e., the island of Lampedusa, is reported in the present paper for the species. Given the low number of observations, its establishment with a viable population on the island is not confirmed, although its detection validates the Straits of Sicily as a key area of intense settlement of the species.

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引用次数: 0
Investigation of the Influence of Hypercapnia on the Physiology of Ovigerous West Coast Rock Lobsters, Jasus lalandii, and Their Embryonic Development.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020132
Annika Ritter, Christopher R Bridges, Lutz Auerswald

The West Coast rock lobster, Jasus lalandii, is a key ecological species and provides an important fishery resource in South Africa and Namibia. It is found along the west coast of southern Africa in the dynamic Benguela Current upwelling system. The low seawater pH of this system is expected to decline further due to ocean acidification and increase in upwelling in terms of frequency and severity. The lobster has therefore to respond to frequent and rapid changes in pH and other environmental impacts that are predicted to become more adverse in future. Although responses to such conditions are known for mature male and juvenile lobsters, there is a lack of information on mature females and later embryonic development. We addressed this by analysing the sensitivity of ovigerous ("berried") female WCRLs and their eggs/embryos to hypercapnia (high pCO2, low pH) and formulated the following research questions: (1) Can berried female WCRLs respond swiftly to large changes in pH? (2) What physiological mechanisms facilitate a potential response to a rapidly declining pH, i.e., acute hypercapnia? (3) Does a potential response persist during prolonged hypercapnia? (4) Are eggs/embryos impacted by hypercapnia? To investigate this, we exposed berried WCRLs to acute (pH 7.5) and chronic (up to 60 days at pH 7.5 and 7.8) hypercapnia. We applied extracellular acid-base analysis, microscopic examination of egg growth and development, and SEM of female exoskeleton structure and egg membranes. The results revealed that berried females efficiently respond to acute and chronic hypercapnia by means of increasing bicarbonate concentrations in the haemolymph. Moreover, embryo growth and development are not impacted by chronic hypercapnia, but growth shows geographical area-specific differences. We conclude that females and embryos of J. lalandii are as resilient to hypercapnia as previously shown for males and juveniles.

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引用次数: 0
Superior Live Birth Rates, Reducing Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF), and Lowering Miscarriage Rates by Using Testicular Sperm Versus Ejaculates in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycles from Couples with High SDF: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020130
Marina Cano-Extremera, Irene Hervas, Alma Gisbert Iranzo, Mar Falquet Guillem, María Gil Juliá, Ana Navarro-Gomezlechon, Rosa Pacheco-Rendón, Nicolás Garrido Puchalt

This study aimed to compare sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) levels between ejaculate and testicular sperm and evaluate clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using testicular sperm (T-ICSI) versus ejaculate sperm (E-ICSI) in males with high ejaculate SDF, prior ICSI failures, or severe male infertility. A systematic review of major databases and a subsequent meta-analysis were performed to compare clinical outcomes in men with high SDF, oligozoospermia, or prior ICSI failures undergoing T-ICSI or E-ICSI. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes analyzed included SDF levels, fertilization rate (FR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer (ET), and miscarriage rate (MR) per pregnancy. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each outcome. Paired assessments of SDF showed significantly lower levels in testicular sperm compared to ejaculated sperm (MD = -25.42 [-31.47, -17.30], p < 0.00001). While no significant difference in FR was observed in T-ICSI cycles overall (OR = 0.94 [0.74, 1.20]), a subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher FR with E-ICSI in men with oligozoospermia and no prior ICSI failures (OR = 0.61 [0.52, 0.71], p < 0.00001). CPR was significantly higher in T-ICSI cycles (OR = 2.13 [1.35, 3.36], p < 0.001; n = 540 ET), along with a significantly lower MR (OR = 0.31 [0.14, 0.70], p = 0.004; n = 35) and increased LBR (OR = 2.40 [1.32, 4.36], p = 0.004; n = 446 ET). In conclusion, using testicular sperm in cases of elevated ejaculate SDF, oligozoospermia, or prior failed ICSI cycles enhances the selection of sperm with lower DNA damage, leading to improved pregnancy rates, reduced miscarriage rates, and higher live birth rates. However, the studies included were rated as having a moderate to serious risk of bias. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings with stronger evidence.

本研究旨在比较射精精子和睾丸精子的精子DNA碎片(SDF)水平,并评估使用睾丸精子(T-ICSI)和射精精子(E-ICSI)进行卵胞浆内单精子显微注射(ICSI)周期对射精SDF高、ICSI失败或严重男性不育男性的临床效果。我们对主要数据库进行了系统性回顾,随后又进行了荟萃分析,以比较高SDF、少精子症或既往ICSI失败的男性接受T-ICSI或E-ICSI的临床结果。13项研究符合纳入标准。分析的结果包括 SDF 水平、受精率 (FR)、临床妊娠率 (CPR)、每次胚胎移植 (ET) 的活产率 (LBR) 以及每次妊娠的流产率 (MR)。计算了每种结果的平均差(MD)和几率比(OR)。SDF的配对评估显示,睾丸精子中的SDF水平明显低于射出精子(MD = -25.42 [-31.47, -17.30],P < 0.00001)。虽然T-ICSI周期的FR总体上无明显差异(OR = 0.94 [0.74, 1.20]),但亚组分析显示,在少精子症且之前没有ICSI失败的男性中,E-ICSI的FR明显更高(OR = 0.61 [0.52, 0.71],P < 0.00001)。T-ICSI周期的CPR明显更高(OR = 2.13 [1.35, 3.36],p < 0.001;n = 540 ET),MR明显降低(OR = 0.31 [0.14, 0.70],p = 0.004;n = 35),LBR增加(OR = 2.40 [1.32, 4.36],p = 0.004;n = 446 ET)。总之,在射精SDF升高、少精子症或ICSI周期失败的情况下使用睾丸精子可提高对DNA损伤较小的精子的选择率,从而提高妊娠率、降低流产率和提高活产率。然而,纳入的研究被评为存在中度至严重偏倚风险。有必要进一步开展设计良好的随机对照试验,以更有力的证据证实这些研究结果。
{"title":"Superior Live Birth Rates, Reducing Sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF), and Lowering Miscarriage Rates by Using Testicular Sperm Versus Ejaculates in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) Cycles from Couples with High SDF: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Marina Cano-Extremera, Irene Hervas, Alma Gisbert Iranzo, Mar Falquet Guillem, María Gil Juliá, Ana Navarro-Gomezlechon, Rosa Pacheco-Rendón, Nicolás Garrido Puchalt","doi":"10.3390/biology14020130","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) levels between ejaculate and testicular sperm and evaluate clinical outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using testicular sperm (T-ICSI) versus ejaculate sperm (E-ICSI) in males with high ejaculate SDF, prior ICSI failures, or severe male infertility. A systematic review of major databases and a subsequent meta-analysis were performed to compare clinical outcomes in men with high SDF, oligozoospermia, or prior ICSI failures undergoing T-ICSI or E-ICSI. Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Outcomes analyzed included SDF levels, fertilization rate (FR), clinical pregnancy rate (CPR), live birth rate (LBR) per embryo transfer (ET), and miscarriage rate (MR) per pregnancy. The mean difference (MD) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated for each outcome. Paired assessments of SDF showed significantly lower levels in testicular sperm compared to ejaculated sperm (MD = -25.42 [-31.47, -17.30], <i>p</i> < 0.00001). While no significant difference in FR was observed in T-ICSI cycles overall (OR = 0.94 [0.74, 1.20]), a subgroup analysis revealed significantly higher FR with E-ICSI in men with oligozoospermia and no prior ICSI failures (OR = 0.61 [0.52, 0.71], <i>p</i> < 0.00001). CPR was significantly higher in T-ICSI cycles (OR = 2.13 [1.35, 3.36], <i>p</i> < 0.001; n = 540 ET), along with a significantly lower MR (OR = 0.31 [0.14, 0.70], <i>p</i> = 0.004; n = 35) and increased LBR (OR = 2.40 [1.32, 4.36], <i>p</i> = 0.004; n = 446 ET). In conclusion, using testicular sperm in cases of elevated ejaculate SDF, oligozoospermia, or prior failed ICSI cycles enhances the selection of sperm with lower DNA damage, leading to improved pregnancy rates, reduced miscarriage rates, and higher live birth rates. However, the studies included were rated as having a moderate to serious risk of bias. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to confirm these findings with stronger evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Murine Models in Oral Research: A Narrative Review of Experimental Approaches and Cardiovascular Implications.
IF 3.6 3区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Pub Date : 2025-01-26 DOI: 10.3390/biology14020127
Asmaa Elhaieg, Ahmed Farag, Ahmed S Mandour, Miki Hirose, Ahmed Elfadadny, Ryou Tanaka

Oral research using murine models spans a broad spectrum of studies, including investigations into oral infections such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis, wound healing, periodontal responses to orthodontic treatment, and occlusal overload. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of murine models employed in oral research, with a particular focus on their relevance in studying systemic implications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objectives of this review are twofold: first, to highlight the diversity of experimental methods utilized in murine oral research, such as ligature placement, bacterial inoculation, surgical interventions, and mechanical manipulations; second, to explore how these models enhance our understanding of oral-systemic interactions. The findings demonstrate that murine models have significantly contributed to uncovering how oral conditions influence systemic health. Models of oral infections reveal pathways linking systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis, while studies on wound healing and mechanical stress offer valuable insights into periodontal tissue responses and regeneration under various conditions. These diverse findings underscore the versatility of murine models in addressing key questions across oral health research. By replicating human disease mechanisms, murine models serve as powerful tools for investigating the interplay between oral health and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. The insights gained from these models guide the development of integrated therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating systemic inflammation and promoting periodontal regeneration.

{"title":"Murine Models in Oral Research: A Narrative Review of Experimental Approaches and Cardiovascular Implications.","authors":"Asmaa Elhaieg, Ahmed Farag, Ahmed S Mandour, Miki Hirose, Ahmed Elfadadny, Ryou Tanaka","doi":"10.3390/biology14020127","DOIUrl":"10.3390/biology14020127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral research using murine models spans a broad spectrum of studies, including investigations into oral infections such as periodontitis and peri-implantitis, wound healing, periodontal responses to orthodontic treatment, and occlusal overload. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of murine models employed in oral research, with a particular focus on their relevance in studying systemic implications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The objectives of this review are twofold: first, to highlight the diversity of experimental methods utilized in murine oral research, such as ligature placement, bacterial inoculation, surgical interventions, and mechanical manipulations; second, to explore how these models enhance our understanding of oral-systemic interactions. The findings demonstrate that murine models have significantly contributed to uncovering how oral conditions influence systemic health. Models of oral infections reveal pathways linking systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis, while studies on wound healing and mechanical stress offer valuable insights into periodontal tissue responses and regeneration under various conditions. These diverse findings underscore the versatility of murine models in addressing key questions across oral health research. By replicating human disease mechanisms, murine models serve as powerful tools for investigating the interplay between oral health and systemic diseases, including cardiovascular dysfunction. The insights gained from these models guide the development of integrated therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating systemic inflammation and promoting periodontal regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":48624,"journal":{"name":"Biology-Basel","volume":"14 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11851954/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143505090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Biology-Basel
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