Advances in Climate Change Research最新文献

Accelerated glacier mass loss in the mid-latitude Eurasia from 2019 to 2022 revealed by ICESat-2 ICESat-2 号卫星揭示的 2019 年至 2022 年欧亚大陆中纬度地区冰川加速消融的情况

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.008

Gen-Yu Wang , Chang-Qing Ke , Yu-Bin Fan , Xiao-Yi Shen , Yu Cai , Vahid Nourani

The dynamics of glaciers serve as one of the most important indicators of climate change. Whilst current research has primarily concentrated on long-term interannual glacier mass balance and its response to climate change, glaciers may respond more rapidly to climate change, highlighting the urgent need for intra-annual mass balance estimations. Investigating seasonal or short-term variations in glacier mass balance not only enhances our understanding of the interactions between glaciers and the climate system but also provides crucial data for water resource management and ecological protection. The ICESat-2 and NASADEM datasets were used to estimate the inter- and intra-annual glacier mass balance changes in the mid-latitude Eurasia from 2019 to 2022. Additionally, the response of glacier mass balance to regional air temperature and precipitation values was analysed using ERA5-Land data and multiple regression analysis, respectively. From 2019 to 2022, glacier mass loss in mid-latitude Eurasia reached −45.02 ± 34.21 Gt per year, contributing to a global sea-level rise of 0.12 ± 0.09 mm per year. The glacier melt rate in the study area from 2019 to 2022 was 2.33 times higher than that from 2000 to 2019. With the exception of the Western Kunlun region, which experienced a weak accumulation rate of 0.04 ± 0.35 m w.e. per year, all other areas experienced ablation states. Seasonal mass balance responds differently to temperature and precipitation variations across seasons: higher temperatures in different seasons lead to more negative mass balances, while increased winter and spring precipitation can slow down glacier melt. Air temperature dominates the glacier mass balance changes in the study area. The intense heat in 2022 raised average glacier temperatures by 1.04 °C compared to 2019–2021, resulting in a more negative mass balance and an increased ice loss of −0.34 ± 1.01 m w.e. per year (−35.07 ± 103.22 Gt per year). This analysis indicates that glacier mass balance is highly sensitive to climate change, even on a seasonal scale. Moreover, the high precision and spatiotemporal resolution ICESat-2 data can facilitate the investigation of large-scale glacier mass balance on short time scales.

冰川动力学是气候变化最重要的指标之一。虽然目前的研究主要集中在长期的年际冰川质量平衡及其对气候变化的反应上，但冰川可能会对气候变化做出更迅速的反应，这就凸显了对年内质量平衡估算的迫切需要。调查冰川质量平衡的季节或短期变化不仅能加深我们对冰川与气候系统之间相互作用的理解，还能为水资源管理和生态保护提供重要数据。利用ICESat-2和NASADEM数据集估算了2019年至2022年欧亚大陆中纬度地区年际和年内的冰川质量平衡变化。此外，利用ERA5-Land数据和多元回归分析分别分析了冰川质量平衡对区域气温和降水值的响应。从2019年到2022年，欧亚大陆中纬度地区的冰川质量损失达到每年-45.02 ± 34.21 Gt，导致全球海平面每年上升0.12 ± 0.09 mm。研究地区 2019 年至 2022 年的冰川融化率是 2000 年至 2019 年的 2.33 倍。除了西昆仑地区的积聚率较弱，为每年 0.04 ± 0.35 米（湿重）外，其他地区都出现了消融状态。季节性质量平衡对不同季节的气温和降水量变化有不同的反应：不同季节较高的气温会导致更多的负质量平衡，而冬季和春季降水量的增加会减缓冰川融化。气温主导着研究区域的冰川质量平衡变化。与 2019-2021 年相比，2022 年的高温使冰川平均温度升高了 1.04 °C，导致冰川质量平衡出现更多负值，冰川损失增加了 -0.34 ± 1.01 m w.e.（-35.07 ± 103.22 Gt/年）。这一分析表明，冰川质量平衡对气候变化高度敏感，即使在季节尺度上也是如此。此外，ICESat-2 数据的高精度和时空分辨率有助于研究短时间尺度上的大尺度冰川质量平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Monitoring ground temperature and deformation of the cast-in-place footings in permafrost regions on the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau 青藏高原冻土区现浇基脚的地温和变形监测

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.08.002

Chao-Wei Wang , Yan-Hui You , Bin Yao , Bin Liu , Pei-Heng Guo , Lei Guo , Xin-Bin Wang , Qi-Hao Yu

The long-term stability of the cast-in-place footings in permafrost regions has received much attention due to its climate sensitivity. The current research lacks long-term data validation, especially in the context of climate change. Based on the 13-year (2011–2023) temperature and deformation monitoring data from the Qinghai‒Tibet Power Transmission Line, this study investigates the characteristics of permafrost variation and its impact on the stability of tower footings under the cooling effect from thermosyphons. The results reveal that the thermosyphons effectively reduce the ground temperature around the footings. After the first freeze‒thaw cycle, the soil around the tower footings completed refreezing and maintained a frozen state. In the following 13 years, the ground temperature continued to decrease due to the cooling effect of thermosyphons. The duration notably exceeded the previously predicted 5 years. The temperature reduction at the base of the footings corresponded well with the frost jacking of the tower footings and could be divided into three distinct phases. In phase 1, the ground temperature around the footings rapidly reduced, approaching that of the natural field, while the footings experienced pronounced deformation. In phase 2, the ground temperature decreased at a faster rate, and the deformation rate of the footings slowed down. In phase 3, the frost jacking of the footings gradually retarded with the decrease in base temperature. Additionally, the ground temperature differences of over 1 °C were observed among different tower footings, which may lead to the differential deformation among the tower footings. The ground temperature differentiation is attributed to the difference in solar radiation intensity, which is shaded by the tower structure from different directions. This study provides theoretical support and empirical accumulation for the construction and maintenance of tower footings in permafrost regions.

永久冻土地区现浇基脚的长期稳定性因其对气候的敏感性而备受关注。目前的研究缺乏长期数据验证，尤其是在气候变化的背景下。本研究基于青藏输电线路 13 年（2011-2023 年）的温度和变形监测数据，研究了在热流降温作用下冻土的变化特征及其对塔基稳定性的影响。研究结果表明，热喷器可有效降低塔基周围的地温。在第一个冻融循环之后，塔基周围的土壤完成了再冻结并保持了冻结状态。在随后的 13 年中，由于热沉的冷却作用，地面温度持续下降。持续时间明显超过了之前预测的 5 年。基脚底部温度的降低与塔基的冻胀非常吻合，可分为三个不同的阶段。在第 1 阶段，基脚周围的地温迅速降低，接近自然地温，同时基脚发生明显变形。在第 2 阶段，地温下降速度加快，基脚变形速度减慢。在第 3 阶段，随着基底温度的降低，基底的冻胀逐渐减弱。此外，不同塔基之间的地温差超过 1 °C，这可能导致塔基之间的变形差异。地温差异归因于太阳辐射强度的不同，塔基结构从不同方向遮挡了太阳辐射强度。这项研究为永冻土地区塔基的施工和维护提供了理论支持和经验积累。

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引用次数: 0

State of polar climate in 2023 2023 年极地气候状况

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.08.004

Ming-Hu Ding , Xin Wang , Lin-Gen Bian , Zhi-Na Jiang , Xiang Lin , Zhi-Feng Qu , Jie Su , Sai Wang , Ting Wei , Xiao-Chun Zhai , Dong-Qi Zhang , Lei Zhang , Wen-Qian Zhang , Shou-Dong Zhao , Kong-Ju Zhu

The year 2023 has become the warmest year on global record. As the Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive regions to global warming, the climate changes in 2023 in these regions have attracted widespread attention. In this study, using observations, reanalysis and remote sensing data, we reported detailed polar climate changes in 2023, including warming, sea ice, atmospheric composition and extreme events. Antarctic exhibited large east‒west regional differences and the coexistence of extreme warm and cold events. In Coats Land, Queen Maud Land and the Antarctic Peninsula, three and seven stations recorded the second and third highest autumn air temperatures in history, respectively. The Amundsen–Scott station experienced extreme warming event in July, with the temperature increasing by 40 °C in one day. Abnormal cooling was evident in the Ross Sea and neighboring regions which were predominantly winter (June–August) cold anomalies, with Marylin Station reaching the lowest winter temperature in history. The Arctic experienced the warmest summer after 1979, with an overall distribution of ‘warm land‒cold sea’ on annual average. Compared with the 1991–2020 average, the annual air temperature anomalies reached more than 2 °C in northern Canada and the Barents Sea–Kara Sea coast. Abnormal high summer temperature caused most severe wildfires in Canada on record and second largest daily cumulative melt area over the Greenland ice Sheet daily post-1979. Polar sea ice continued to decrease rapidly, with minimum sea ice extent in Antarctic and Arctic ranking the first and sixth lowest post-1979. For melt season, Arctic Ocean sea ice began to melt later in 2023 than the 2011–2023 average, and freeze onset was delayed due to high temperatures in summer and autumn. Additionally, the status of polar atmospheric greenhouse gases remains bleak, and major greenhouse gas concentrations continue to increase. The Antarctic ozone hole in 2023 formed approximately 10 d earlier and lasted longer than the 1979–2023 average, with a maximum daily area of 2.6 × 10⁷ km² on 21 September. This summary of polar climate changes in 2023 will help people better understand global climate change and draw attention to polar regions.

2023 年已成为全球有记录以来最温暖的一年。由于南极和北极是全球变暖的敏感地区，这些地区2023年的气候变化受到广泛关注。在这项研究中，我们利用观测、再分析和遥感数据，详细报告了2023年极地气候的变化，包括变暖、海冰、大气成分和极端事件。南极呈现出巨大的东西区域差异，极端冷暖事件并存。在科茨地、毛德皇后地和南极半岛，分别有三个和七个站点录得历史上第二高和第三高的秋季气温。阿蒙森-斯科特站在 7 月经历了极端升温事件，气温在一天内上升了 40 ℃。罗斯海和邻近地区出现了明显的异常降温现象，这些地区主要是冬季（6 月至 8 月）寒冷异常，玛丽林站达到了历史上最低的冬季气温。北极地区经历了 1979 年后最温暖的夏季，年平均气温总体分布为 "陆地温暖-海洋寒冷"。与 1991-2020 年的平均值相比，加拿大北部和巴伦支海-卡拉海沿岸的年气温异常值达到 2 ℃ 以上。异常的夏季高温在加拿大造成了有记录以来最严重的野火，格陵兰冰原的日累计融化面积在 1979 年之后位居第二。极地海冰继续迅速减少，南极和北极的最小海冰面积分别为 1979 年后的第一和第六低。就融化季节而言，2023 年北冰洋海冰开始融化的时间晚于 2011-2023 年的平均值，由于夏秋气温较高，冰冻开始的时间也有所推迟。此外，极地大气温室气体状况依然暗淡，主要温室气体浓度继续增加。2023 年南极臭氧洞的形成时间比 1979-2023 年平均值提前了约 10 天，持续时间也更长，9 月 21 日的日最大面积为 2.6 × 107 平方公里。这份关于 2023 年极地气候变化的摘要将帮助人们更好地了解全球气候变化，并引起人们对极地地区的关注。

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引用次数: 0

Development of low-carbon technologies in China's integrated hydrogen supply and power system 中国氢能供应和电力综合系统中低碳技术的发展

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.07.012

Dai-Wei Li , Jun-Ling Huang , Dan Yu , Da Zhang , Xi-Liang Zhang

Hydrogen and electricity are crucial and interdependent energy carriers in China's pursuit of carbon neutrality, suggesting the necessity of utilizing cost-effective low-carbon technologies that facilitate their integrated development. The cost-optimal, provincial level, deployment of low-carbon technologies under this long-term goal remains to be determined. This study employs the REPO model to identify the cost-optimal, low-carbon hydrogen production mixes and the evolution of the integrated power system of China from 2020 to 2050. The integrated planning and operation of hydrogen supply and power systems are explored at the provincial level. The role of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors in this integrated energy system is also analyzed. The results reveal that electrolytic hydrogen would dominate China's hydrogen supply after 2040, with alkaline, proton exchange membrane, and solid oxide electrolyzers produce over 1 Mt of hydrogen in the short term, by 2035, and in 2050. Leveraging the low-carbon heat production of high-temperature gas-cooled reactors in addition to its electricity generation to meet the thermal requirements of solid oxide electrolyzers could boost the output to 4.2 Mt in 2050 and reducing the total system CO₂ emissions and costs by 2.28% and 0.05%, respectively. By 2050, the integration of hydrogen supply and power systems also generates up to 2194 TW h of flexible electricity demand by electrolyzers, which raised the renewable energy penetration by 4 percentage points while decreasing the need of flexible natural gas power generations and energy storages. This study is valuable for proposing the analytical framework and performing the provincial-level study of decarbonization of China's integrated hydrogen supply and power system.

在中国追求碳中和的过程中，氢能和电力是相互依存的重要能源载体，这表明有必要利用具有成本效益的低碳技术来促进它们的综合发展。在这一长期目标下，省级低碳技术部署的成本最优化仍有待确定。本研究采用 REPO 模型来确定成本最优的低碳氢气生产组合，以及 2020 年至 2050 年中国综合电力系统的演变。在省级层面探讨了氢气供应和电力系统的综合规划和运行。还分析了高温气冷堆在这一综合能源系统中的作用。研究结果表明，2040 年后，电解氢将主导中国的氢气供应，碱性、质子交换膜和固体氧化物电解槽在短期内、2035 年和 2050 年的氢气产量将超过 100 万吨。在发电的同时，利用高温气冷堆的低碳产热来满足固体氧化物电解槽的热需求，可使产量在 2050 年达到 420 万吨，并使系统的二氧化碳总排放量和成本分别降低 2.28% 和 0.05%。到 2050 年，氢气供应与电力系统的整合还可通过电解槽产生高达 2194 太瓦时的灵活电力需求，从而将可再生能源的渗透率提高 4 个百分点，同时减少对灵活天然气发电和能源储存的需求。本研究对提出中国氢能供需一体化系统脱碳的分析框架和开展省级研究具有重要价值。

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引用次数: 0

A multi-objective optimization approach for harnessing rainwater in changing climate 在不断变化的气候中利用雨水的多目标优化方法

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.08.006

Ling-Yu Meng , Zhan Tian , Dong-Li Fan , Frans H.M. van de Ven , Laixiang Sun , Qing-Hua Ye , San-Xiang Sun , Jun-Guo Liu , Laura Nougues , Daan Rooze

As the world grapples with the profound impacts of climate change, water scarcity has become a pressing issue. However, there is a shortage of in-depth research on the trade-offs between water resource dependence and the economic, ecological, and social needs of arid and semi-arid regions like Lanzhou, China. Flower cultivation in Lanzhou relies heavily on the Yellow River, often overlooking the potential of natural rainfall. Here we first calibrated a water balance model through artificial precipitation experiments in a Soil and Water Conservation Demonstration Park in Lanzhou. We then developed a multi-objective optimization model to balance the cost-benefit considerations of various plausible measures across economic, ecological, and social dimensions in the searching for solutions that are more adaptable to climate change and local development needs. Model simulations show that the solutions we designed can effectively manage water-shortage days, significantly reduce Yellow River water extraction, and improve cost-effectiveness, meeting 66%–80% of water needs for flower cultivation in the studied park. The findings highlight the potential of rainwater collection and utilization solutions to mitigate water scarcity in arid and semi-arid cities, thereby enriching water resource management.

随着全球努力应对气候变化的深刻影响，水资源短缺已成为一个紧迫问题。然而，对于像中国兰州这样的干旱和半干旱地区，水资源依赖与经济、生态和社会需求之间的权衡，却缺乏深入的研究。兰州的花卉种植严重依赖黄河水，往往忽视了天然降水的潜力。在这里，我们首先在兰州的一个水土保持示范园区通过人工降水实验校准了一个水平衡模型。然后，我们建立了一个多目标优化模型，在经济、生态和社会等方面平衡各种可行措施的成本效益，以寻求更能适应气候变化和当地发展需求的解决方案。模型模拟结果表明，我们设计的解决方案可以有效管理缺水天数，大幅减少黄河取水量，提高成本效益，满足所研究公园 66%-80% 的花卉种植用水需求。研究结果凸显了雨水收集和利用解决方案在缓解干旱和半干旱城市缺水问题方面的潜力，从而丰富了水资源管理。

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引用次数: 0

Water budgets in an arid and alpine permafrost basin: Observations from the High Mountain Asia 干旱和高寒永久冻土盆地的水预算：来自亚洲高山的观测结果

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.005

Qing-Feng Wang , Hui-Jun Jin , Dong-Liang Luo , Yu Sheng , Jun Wen , Chien-Lu Ping , Mark H. Clark , Qiang Ma , Xiao-Ying Jin , Ji-Chun Wu , Yu-Zhong Yang , Qiang Li , Raul D. Şerban , Daqing Yang , Victor F. Bense , Qing-Bai Wu

Ground freeze‒thaw processes have significant impacts on infiltration, runoff and evapotranspiration. However, there are still critical knowledge gaps in understanding of hydrological processes in permafrost regions, especially of the interactions among permafrost, ecology, and hydrology. In this study, an alpine permafrost basin on the northeastern Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau was selected to conduct hydrological and meteorological observations. We analyzed the annual variations in runoff, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and changes in water storage, as well as the mechanisms for runoff generation in the basin from May 2014 to December 2015. The annual flow curve in the basin exhibited peaks both in spring and autumn floods. The high ratio of evapotranspiration to annual precipitation (>1.0) in the investigated wetland is mainly due to the considerably underestimated ‘observed’ precipitation caused by the wind-induced instrumental error and the neglect of snow sublimation. The stream flow from early May to late October probably came from the lateral discharge of subsurface flow in alpine wetlands. This study can provide data support and validation for hydrological model simulation and prediction, as well as water resource assessment, in the upper Yellow River Basin, especially for the headwater area. The results also provide case support for permafrost hydrology modeling in ungauged or poorly gauged watersheds in the High Mountain Asia.

地面冻融过程对渗透、径流和蒸发有重大影响。然而，人们对永久冻土地区水文过程的了解，尤其是对永久冻土、生态和水文之间相互作用的了解，仍然存在重大的知识差距。本研究选择了青藏高原东北部的一个高寒冻土盆地进行水文和气象观测。我们分析了该流域 2014 年 5 月至 2015 年 12 月的径流量、降水量、蒸散量和蓄水量的年变化以及径流产生机制。流域的年流量曲线在春汛和秋汛时均呈现峰值。调查湿地的蒸散量与年降水量比值较高（1.0），这主要是由于风引起的仪器误差和忽略了雪的升华导致 "观测 "降水量被大大低估。5 月初至 10 月下旬的溪流可能来自高山湿地地下水流的横向排放。本研究可为黄河上游流域，尤其是上游地区的水文模型模拟和预测以及水资源评估提供数据支持和验证。研究结果还为亚洲高山无测站或测站不足流域的冻土水文模型提供了案例支持。

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引用次数: 0

Turbulent heat fluxes in the North Water Polynya and ice estimated based on ASRv2 data and their impact on cloud 根据 ASRv2 数据估算的北水域波利尼亚和冰层的湍流热通量及其对云层的影响

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.004

Hai-Yi Ren , Mohammed Shokr , Tian-Yu Zhang , Zhi-Lun Zhang , Feng-Ming Hui , Xiao Cheng

The presence or absence of sea ice introduces a substantial perturbation to surface‒atmosphere energy exchanges. Comprehending the effect of varying sea ice cover on surface‒atmosphere interactions is an important consideration for understanding the Arctic climate system. The recurring North Water Polynya (NOW) serves as a natural laboratory for isolating cloud responses to a rapid, near-step perturbation in sea ice. In this study, we employed high-resolution Arctic System Reanalysis version 2 (ASRv2) data to estimate turbulent heat fluxes over the NOW and nearby sea ice (NSI) area between 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. The results indicate that the average turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya are about 87% and 86% higher than in the NSI area over the 10 years during the entire duration of the polynya and during polar night, respectively. Enhanced turbulent heat fluxes from the polynya tend to produce more low-level clouds. The relationship between the polynya and low cloud in winter was examined based on Cloud‒Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO). The low-cloud fraction (0–2 km) was about 7%–34% larger over the polynya than the NSI area, and the ice water content below 200 m was about 250%–413% higher over the former than the latter. The correlation between cloud fraction and turbulent heat fluxes in the polynya peaks around the altitude of 200–300 m. These results suggest that the NOW affects the Arctic boundary layer cloudiness and structure in wintertime. Furthermore, higher horizontal resolution reanalysis data can advance our understanding of the cloud-polynya response.

海冰的存在与否会对地表-大气能量交换造成巨大干扰。理解不同海冰覆盖对地表-大气相互作用的影响是了解北极气候系统的一个重要考虑因素。经常出现的北水环带（NOW）是一个天然实验室，可用于分离云层对海冰快速、近乎阶跃式扰动的反应。在这项研究中，我们采用了高分辨率的北极系统再分析版本 2 (ASRv2) 数据来估算 2005/2006 年至 2015/2016 年期间 NOW 和附近海冰 (NSI) 区域的湍流热通量。结果表明，在这 10 年中，在整个多雨带期间和极夜期间，多雨带的平均湍流热通量分别比 NSI 地区高出约 87% 和 86%。来自极夜的湍流热通量的增加往往会产生更多的低层云。根据云-气溶胶激光雷达和红外探路者卫星观测数据（CALIPSO），研究了极夜与冬季低云之间的关系。多云间地区的低云率（0-2 公里）比 NSI 地区高出约 7%-34%，200 米以下的冰水含量前者比后者高出约 250%-413%。这些结果表明，NOW 会影响冬季北极边界层的云量和结构。此外，更高水平分辨率的再分析数据可以加深我们对云-多云层响应的理解。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of fast ice anomalies and their causes in 2023 in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica 2023 年南极洲东部普里兹湾快速冰异常及其原因分析

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.002

Jun-Hao Liu , Xin-Qing Li , Shao-Yin Wang , Zi-Xin Wei , Feng-Ming Hui , Xiao Cheng

In 2023, Antarctica experienced its lowest sea ice extent in the satellite era, with extreme polar events gaining widespread attention. Prydz Bay, where the Chinese Zhongshan Station is located, is the third largest embayment in Antarctica. Changes in sea ice, fast ice and polynyas directly affect local heat and mass exchanges between the ocean and atmosphere, as well as ecosystems and research activities. In 2023, substantial fast ice anomalies were observed in Prydz Bay: the extent of fast ice off Zhongshan Station (ZSFI) was anomalously low, while that within Barrier Bay (BaFI) was anomalously high. This study analysed the seasonal evolution and underlying main causes for the extreme conditions using ice charts, satellites and reanalysis data. From 2014 to 2022, the extent of ZSFI typically increased during the cold season, reaching a maximum of (9.41 ± 2.47) × 10³ km², whilst the Barrier Bay Polynya (BaP) persisted throughout this period. However, in 2023, ZSFI did not increase from June onwards, peaking at a maximum extent of only 5.49 × 10³ km², and the BaP closed in mid-winter, leading to the formation of extensive BaFI. Air temperature and wind speed continuously dropped in July, and these conditions persisted for approximately 1 month, leading to the closure of BaP. However, ZSFI did not expand further under these extreme meteorological conditions, indicating its independence from these factors. The limited expansion of ZSFI could be attributed to high ocean temperatures. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving extreme fast ice conditions.

2023 年，南极洲经历了卫星时代最低的海冰面积，极端极地事件受到广泛关注。中国中山站所在的普里兹湾是南极洲第三大海湾。海冰、快冰和多冰环的变化直接影响到当地海洋与大气之间的热量和质量交换，以及生态系统和研究活动。2023 年，在普里兹湾观测到大量快冰异常现象：中山站（ZSFI）外的快冰范围异常低，而大屏障湾（BaFI）内的快冰范围异常高。本研究利用冰图、卫星和再分析数据分析了极端条件的季节演变和潜在的主要原因。从 2014 年到 2022 年，ZSFI 的范围通常在寒冷季节增加，达到最大值 (9.41 ± 2.47) × 103 平方公里，而整个期间大堡礁湾多冰区（Barrier Bay Polynya，BaP）持续存在。然而，在 2023 年，从 6 月开始，ZSFI 没有增加，最大范围仅为 5.49 × 103 平方公里，而且拦海大坝在隆冬时节关闭，导致形成大面积的 BaFI。7 月份气温和风速持续下降，这种情况持续了约 1 个月，导致 BaP 关闭。然而，在这些极端气象条件下，ZSFI 没有进一步扩大，这表明它不受这些因素的影响。ZSFI 的有限扩展可能归因于海洋温度过高。总之，这项研究为了解极端快冰条件的驱动机制提供了宝贵的见解。

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引用次数: 0

National water use of coal-fired power generation: Hybrid life cycle assessment in China 全国燃煤发电用水量：中国的混合生命周期评估

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.09.001

Jia-Hai Yuan , Ke-Xin Peng , Hui-Ming Xu , Chang-Hong Zhao , Hao-Nan Zhang

Previous studies of water use for coal-fired power generation may have overlooked inter-sectoral impacts in the supply chain. Indeed, to devise effective water conservation strategies during the ongoing energy transition, it is of utmost importance to analyze the sectoral water use structures and flows in the supply chain and identify the sources of water scarcity. Therefore, based on the power sector-split environmentally extended input‒output (EEIO) model and the life cycle assessment (LCA) idea, we comprehensively analyze the nexus between coal-fired power generation and water use from a sectoral perspective. Our findings reveal a complex and diverse water use structure in coal-fired power generation. The technology of production inherently determines the high intensity of water withdrawal, and the close intersectoral linkages, particularly with agriculture, construction, and some industrial sectors, in the production process result in an intricate web of indirect water withdrawal and blue water footprint (WF). Moreover, the grey WF, primarily sourced from coal mining and indirectly tied to tertiary industries, underscores critical areas for attention in water pollution management. Finally, water use in the coal-fired power sector is projected to remain at elevated levels in the short to medium term under various transition strategies. Following an in-depth exploration of the coal-fired power‒water use nexus, the findings can offer new perspectives and specific entry points for sustainable energy development and water resource management.

以往对燃煤发电用水的研究可能忽略了供应链中部门间的影响。事实上，要在能源转型期间制定有效的节水战略，最重要的是分析供应链中各部门的用水结构和流量，并确定水资源短缺的根源。因此，我们基于电力行业拆分的环境扩展投入产出（EEIO）模型和生命周期评估（LCA）思想，从行业角度全面分析了燃煤发电与用水之间的关系。我们的研究结果揭示了燃煤发电用水结构的复杂性和多样性。生产技术本身决定了高强度的取水，而生产过程中部门间的密切联系，特别是与农业、建筑业和一些工业部门的联系，则形成了一个错综复杂的间接取水网和蓝色水足迹（WF）。此外，灰色水足迹主要来源于煤炭开采，并与第三产业间接相关，突出了水污染管理中需要关注的关键领域。最后，在各种转型战略下，预计燃煤发电行业的用水量在中短期内将保持在较高水平。在深入探讨燃煤发电与用水之间的关系之后，研究结果可为可持续能源发展和水资源管理提供新的视角和具体的切入点。

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引用次数: 0

Scientific land greening under climate change: Theory, modeling, and challenges 气候变化下的科学土地绿化：理论、建模与挑战

IF 6.4 1区地球科学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Advances in Climate Change Research

Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.accre.2024.08.003

Jia-Na Chen , Zai-Chun Zhu , Sen Cao , Peng-Jun Zhao , Pei Liu , Da-Jing Li , Wei-Min Wang , Yue Chen

Anthropogenic land greening is a vital strategy to combat the global warming crisis. However, the changing external environment and endowment factors may constrain the effectiveness of land greening. It remains unclear how to quantify and optimize land greening strategies scientifically. This article reviewed the theoretical foundations of land greening, pointing out that climate governance and human settlement quality improvement have gradually become the two core objectives of land greening since the 20th century. Multi-source and multi-scale experimental and observational surveys are important techniques for detecting and evaluating long-term land greening in the context of climate change, especially by forming experimental and observational networks. The theoretical mechanisms of interactions among climate, humans, and vegetation were also explored. For modeling approaches, hybrid modeling based on Earth system coupling theory may be the most promising but challenging approach. Four main challenges of scientific land greening were also discussed, including knowledge gaps related to land greening mechanisms, unclear multifaceted effects of land greening, lack of forward-looking quantitative assessment, and difficulties in evaluating synergies and trade-offs among assessment targets. Based on these, a strategic framework was proposed, including systematic observation, mechanism research, expectation assessment, and scientific planning for scientific greening programs in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. This review underscored the importance of proactively implementing land greening programs and provided guidelines for scientific greening based on cutting-edge theory and methods.

人为土地绿化是应对全球变暖危机的一项重要战略。然而，不断变化的外部环境和禀赋因素可能会制约土地绿化的效果。如何科学地量化和优化土地绿化战略仍是一个未知数。本文综述了国土绿化的理论基础，指出气候治理和人居质量提升逐渐成为20世纪以来国土绿化的两大核心目标。多源、多尺度的实验和观测调查是检测和评估气候变化背景下长期土地绿化的重要技术，特别是通过形成实验和观测网络。此外，还探讨了气候、人类和植被之间相互作用的理论机制。在建模方法方面，基于地球系统耦合理论的混合建模可能是最有前途但最具挑战性的方法。会议还讨论了科学绿化土地面临的四大挑战，包括与土地绿化机制有关的知识差距、土地绿化的多方面影响不明确、缺乏前瞻性定量评估以及评估目标之间的协同作用和权衡困难。在此基础上，提出了粤港澳大湾区科学绿化项目的战略框架，包括系统观测、机制研究、预期评估和科学规划。该综述强调了积极实施国土绿化项目的重要性，并基于前沿理论和方法为科学绿化提供了指导。

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引用次数: 0