Pub Date : 2026-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103958
Ruiping Luo , Jing Tao , Geng Chen , Jingxiong Dai , Jianhua Xiao , Kaishen Wang
The recent advancements in intelligent spot-welding quality diagnosis during automobile production necessitate labeled data with enhanced quality. However, the scarce samples in the target domain under new working conditions often lead to inaccurate diagnoses of body-in-white (BIW) weld nugget quality by the existing models. Thus, this paper presents a cyclic attention semi-supervised domain adaptive network for cross-domain quality diagnosis of BIW resistance spot weld nuggets. The proposed network synthesizes a standard curve metric via wavelet analysis reconstruction to measure welding process stability and integrates it into the domain adaptation process as prior knowledge. In addition, the feature extractor combines long short-term memory and channel attention mechanisms to dynamically adjust feature weights for enhanced representativeness. During semi-supervised domain adaptive learning, the maximum mean discrepancy based on the Gaussian kernel is utilized to measure the feature distribution difference between the source and target domains. Meanwhile, target domain labeling is leveraged to guide the parameter adjustment of the output layer. These two measures in combination facilitate feature alignment and knowledge migration, ensuring the ultimate generalization capability of the model in feedback adjustment. The results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves a correct diagnosis rate exceeding 90% under new working conditions, affirming its robust generalization ability. This cross-domain diagnosis method offers valuable insights for advancing BIW welding quality diagnosis in automotive production lines.
{"title":"A recurrent attention semi-supervised domain adaptive network for cross-domain diagnosis of resistance spot weld nugget quality","authors":"Ruiping Luo , Jing Tao , Geng Chen , Jingxiong Dai , Jianhua Xiao , Kaishen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103958","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103958","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recent advancements in intelligent spot-welding quality diagnosis during automobile production necessitate labeled data with enhanced quality. However, the scarce samples in the target domain under new working conditions often lead to inaccurate diagnoses of body-in-white (BIW) weld nugget quality by the existing models. Thus, this paper presents a cyclic attention semi-supervised domain adaptive network for cross-domain quality diagnosis of BIW resistance spot weld nuggets. The proposed network synthesizes a standard curve metric via wavelet analysis reconstruction to measure welding process stability and integrates it into the domain adaptation process as prior knowledge. In addition, the feature extractor combines long short-term memory and channel attention mechanisms to dynamically adjust feature weights for enhanced representativeness. During semi-supervised domain adaptive learning, the maximum mean discrepancy based on the Gaussian kernel is utilized to measure the feature distribution difference between the source and target domains. Meanwhile, target domain labeling is leveraged to guide the parameter adjustment of the output layer. These two measures in combination facilitate feature alignment and knowledge migration, ensuring the ultimate generalization capability of the model in feedback adjustment. The results demonstrate that the proposed network achieves a correct diagnosis rate exceeding 90% under new working conditions, affirming its robust generalization ability. This cross-domain diagnosis method offers valuable insights for advancing BIW welding quality diagnosis in automotive production lines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103958"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145883455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103890
M Saivineeth, B. Venkateswarlu
The increasing demand for conservatory horticulture highlights the significant difficulty of providing environmentally friendly energy to maintain appropriate indoor conditions. This project seeks to minimize the national cost of powering and fertilizing agricultural conservatories throughout India using excess industrial thermal energy and ammonia (NH3), with the goal of replacing the country’s 0.49 Mt yr−1 horticulture imports. There are four clear goals that drive the research to determine the total amount of surplus heat (≤150 °C) and nitrogen gas that can be found within 2 km of horticulturally suitable land (≥2 ha) across the country. Create a technology-neutral mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) superstructure that chooses the most cost-effective combination of heat retailer, NH3 retailer, land parcel, and optional binary-cycle power plant for each crop-specific conservatory, which leads to determining the marginal expansion cost and land area needed to replace 32 %, 54 %, 77 %, and 100 % of the current imports of fruits, vegetables, and nuts and locate geographic hotspots, cost drivers, and the potential for CO2 mitigation within the resultant network. Utilizing 271 thermal and 52 NH3 retailers, 20-year hourly ERA-5 climate data, and 1 km land-suitability layers, the MILP optimizes 4.8 million factors. The findings reveal that 225 ha of conservatories (83 ha of fruits, 41 ha of vegetables, and 101 ha of nuts) could entirely replace India’s 0.49 million metric tons of annual imports, all located within 2 km of refuse derived fuel, cement-kiln, or anaerobic digestion facilities. This includes 4,783 parcels, or 94 % of the total area. Compared to natural gas, waste-heat energy is 8–12 times less expensive, costing ₹0.17–0.70 kWh−1. Light emitting diode illumination requires 110 GJ m−3 yr−1 of energy, of which 71 % may be recovered by binary-cycle units; peak heat can be supplied by 60–80 % by refused derived fuel plants. NH3 logistics are cost-effective up to 180 ha clusters, but they become prohibitively expensive at 13.7 km haul distance. The southeast and western parts of India are the top areas for deployment because they can reduce yearly carbon emissions by 0.21 million metric tons and save 1.8 billion rupees in foreign currency. Industry and agriculture may work together to build a zero-carbon horticulture system that is self-sufficient, thanks to the open-source MILP framework. This framework is easily transportable to any nation having climate and industrial-stack data.
{"title":"Optimization of thermal energy and ammonia (NH3) provided for an agricultural conservatory system, capitalizing on resource synergy using linear programming","authors":"M Saivineeth, B. Venkateswarlu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for conservatory horticulture highlights the significant difficulty of providing environmentally friendly energy to maintain appropriate indoor conditions. This project seeks to minimize the national cost of powering and fertilizing agricultural conservatories throughout India using excess industrial thermal energy and ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), with the goal of replacing the country’s 0.49 Mt yr<sup>−1</sup> horticulture imports. There are four clear goals that drive the research to determine the total amount of surplus heat (≤150 °C) and nitrogen gas that can be found within 2 km of horticulturally suitable land (≥2 ha) across the country. Create a technology-neutral mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) superstructure that chooses the most cost-effective combination of heat retailer, NH<sub>3</sub> retailer, land parcel, and optional binary-cycle power plant for each crop-specific conservatory, which leads to determining the marginal expansion cost and land area needed to replace 32 %, 54 %, 77 %, and 100 % of the current imports of fruits, vegetables, and nuts and locate geographic hotspots, cost drivers, and the potential for CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation within the resultant network. Utilizing 271 thermal and 52 NH<sub>3</sub> retailers, 20-year hourly ERA-5 climate data, and 1 km land-suitability layers, the MILP optimizes 4.8 million factors. The findings reveal that 225 ha of conservatories (83 ha of fruits, 41 ha of vegetables, and 101 ha of nuts) could entirely replace India’s 0.49 million metric tons of annual imports, all located within 2 km of refuse derived fuel, cement-kiln, or anaerobic digestion facilities. This includes 4,783 parcels, or 94 % of the total area. Compared to natural gas, waste-heat energy is 8–12 times less expensive, costing ₹0.17–0.70 kWh<sup>−1</sup>. Light emitting diode illumination requires 110 GJ m<sup>−3</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup> of energy, of which 71 % may be recovered by binary-cycle units; peak heat can be supplied by 60–80 % by refused derived fuel plants. NH<sub>3</sub> logistics are cost-effective up to 180 ha clusters, but they become prohibitively expensive at 13.7 km haul distance. The southeast and western parts of India are the top areas for deployment because they can reduce yearly carbon emissions by 0.21 million metric tons and save 1.8 billion rupees in foreign currency. Industry and agriculture may work together to build a zero-carbon horticulture system that is self-sufficient, thanks to the open-source MILP framework. This framework is easily transportable to any nation having climate and industrial-stack data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103890"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103917
P. Puvaneswari
A mathematical investigation explored the combined influence of vibration and conjugation on enhancing heat transfer in a laminar oscillatory flow through a heat pipe, also known as the “ ”. Explicit solutions for the momentum and heat equations are provided, considering the use of viscoelastic fluids (/) as heat carriers. While many studies have relied on Fourier’s law to describe heat transport, this approach may overlook thermal inertia, potentially leading to non-physical behaviors. Instead of Fourier’s law, the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation, incorporating thermodynamic inertia in the heat transport process, is employed to model heat transfer through a circular tube with thermally conducting walls. The analysis examines the impact of conjugation and oscillation parameters on heat transfer characteristics. Optimizing wall thickness leads to a 710.4 % increase in effective thermal diffusivity in the present work, using non-Fourier’s law which is 14 times higher than that (50.63 %) obtained using Fourier’s law approach. The maximum heat flux achieved using the non-Fourier heat conduction law is approximately W/m for the fluid with a molar ratio of = 7 and an acrylic wall material. This occurs at a frequency of 8.7 Hz, which is significantly lower than the frequency used in the analysis based on Fourier’s heat conduction law. Hence, the energy needed to induce fluid oscillation may be diminished, representing a beneficial aspect of the current analysis employing the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation. Hence, the non-Fourier’s law approach offers advantages over the Fourier’s law approach. Indeed, the maximum heat flux obtained with viscoelastic fluid is three orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with Newtonian fluid. The sensitivity analysis confirms that viscoelastic relaxation and non-Fourier effects play the most significant roles in controlling the system’s thermal behavior. The reported results align well with the existing literature.
{"title":"Innovative heat flux modeling for enhanced heat transfer efficiency: Conjugate heat transfer analysis with Cattaneo-Vernotte equation incorporating Maxwellian fluid dynamics","authors":"P. Puvaneswari","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A mathematical investigation explored the combined influence of vibration and conjugation on enhancing heat transfer in a laminar oscillatory flow through a heat pipe, also known as the “<span><math><mi>D</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>m</mi></math></span> <span><math><mi>P</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>p</mi><mi>e</mi></math></span>”. Explicit solutions for the momentum and heat equations are provided, considering the use of viscoelastic fluids (<span><math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mi>y</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>l</mi></math></span>/<span><math><mi>N</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>l</mi></math></span>) as heat carriers. While many studies have relied on Fourier’s law to describe heat transport, this approach may overlook thermal inertia, potentially leading to non-physical behaviors. Instead of Fourier’s law, the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation, incorporating thermodynamic inertia in the heat transport process, is employed to model heat transfer through a circular tube with thermally conducting walls. The analysis examines the impact of conjugation and oscillation parameters on heat transfer characteristics. Optimizing wall thickness leads to a 710.4 % increase in effective thermal diffusivity in the present work, using non-Fourier’s law which is 14 times higher than that (50.63 %) obtained using Fourier’s law approach. The maximum heat flux achieved using the non-Fourier heat conduction law is approximately <span><math><mn>7.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>9</mn></msup></math></span> W/m<span><math><msup><mspace></mspace><mn>2</mn></msup></math></span> for the fluid with a molar ratio of <span><math><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>M</mi></msub></math></span> = 7 and an acrylic wall material. This occurs at a frequency of 8.7 Hz, which is significantly lower than the frequency used in the analysis based on Fourier’s heat conduction law. Hence, the energy needed to induce fluid oscillation may be diminished, representing a beneficial aspect of the current analysis employing the Cattaneo-Vernotte equation. Hence, the non-Fourier’s law approach offers advantages over the Fourier’s law approach. Indeed, the maximum heat flux obtained with viscoelastic fluid is three orders of magnitude higher than that obtained with Newtonian fluid. The sensitivity analysis confirms that viscoelastic relaxation and non-Fourier effects play the most significant roles in controlling the system’s thermal behavior. The reported results align well with the existing literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103917"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-20DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103895
Ziheng Zhao, Elmi Bin Abu Bakar, Norizham Bin Abdul Razak, Mohammad Nishat Akhtar
This paper proposes a classification model based on a corrosion and salt damage dataset of civil structures: ViT is used as the teacher model, while MobileNetV2 and MobileNetV3 are used as student models. The second-best model is obtained by improving the classifier and setting different ratios of fine-tuning layers under frozen versus non-frozen classification layers. This model is added with an improved attention mechanism to get the optimal model. The final results show that using ViT with the second weight and MobileNetV2 gives higher Accuracy and Weighted-f1 value, where heat maps generated by applying Grad-CAM reflect that it can generally identify the damage location. The optimal model obtained by choosing a fine-tuning strategy that freezes the classification layers and retrains 15% of the top feature layers can achieve an Accuracy and Weighted-f1 score of above 0.94, better than many advanced deep learning architectures using pre-trained weights.
{"title":"Knowledge distillation and fine-tuning for corrosion and salt damage classification","authors":"Ziheng Zhao, Elmi Bin Abu Bakar, Norizham Bin Abdul Razak, Mohammad Nishat Akhtar","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a classification model based on a corrosion and salt damage dataset of civil structures: ViT is used as the teacher model, while MobileNetV2 and MobileNetV3 are used as student models. The second-best model is obtained by improving the classifier and setting different ratios of fine-tuning layers under frozen versus non-frozen classification layers. This model is added with an improved attention mechanism to get the optimal model. The final results show that using ViT with the second weight and MobileNetV2 gives higher Accuracy and Weighted-f1 value, where heat maps generated by applying Grad-CAM reflect that it can generally identify the damage location. The optimal model obtained by choosing a fine-tuning strategy that freezes the classification layers and retrains 15% of the top feature layers can achieve an Accuracy and Weighted-f1 score of above 0.94, better than many advanced deep learning architectures using pre-trained weights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103895"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examines Thailand’s first hydropower and solar PV-assisted smart microgrid system operating in real time at Royal Project Intanon. The smart microgrid system comprises a dual 90 kW hydropower generation unit, a 20 kW solar PV system, and a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), with a conventional grid connection. During smart microgrid operation, first-order and average filter control methods are employed to prioritise the solar PV system and the BESS, given their faster response to grid load demand. Initially, BESS favours stabilising both frequency and voltage in the closed microgrid within 30 s, thereby coordinating the PV systems to resume operation. Following that, hydropower generation is synchronised with the smart microgrid system. Although most load demand is met by hydropower, the initial stage of islanding relies on the battery energy storage system. The most extended power outage occurred in September 2021, lasting 1661 min. On a selective day in September, BESS peak charging and discharging were −36.06 kW and 35.51 kW, respectively, whereas the average solar PV generation was below 2 kW. Throughout the power outage, hydropower generation consistently met load demand, and the BESS initiated charging and discharging processes as required by the load profile. Following that, a selective day in August shows that the BESS initiated charging and discharging 59 times. A year-round performance analysis indicates that the examined commercial microgrid controller avoided 5232 min of grid power outages without using a diesel generator and met the load demand efficiently.
{"title":"Performance analysis of a smart microgrid controller for under real-time operating conditions at Royal Project Intanon","authors":"Xianwen Zhu , Buntoon Wiengmoon , Tawat Suriwong , Chatchai Sirisamphanwong","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines Thailand’s first hydropower and solar PV-assisted smart microgrid system operating in real time at Royal Project Intanon. The smart microgrid system comprises a dual 90 kW hydropower generation unit, a 20 kW solar PV system, and a 100 kW Battery Energy Storage System (BESS), with a conventional grid connection. During smart microgrid operation, first-order and average filter control methods are employed to prioritise the solar PV system and the BESS, given their faster response to grid load demand. Initially, BESS favours stabilising both frequency and voltage in the closed microgrid within 30 s, thereby coordinating the PV systems to resume operation. Following that, hydropower generation is synchronised with the smart microgrid system. Although most load demand is met by hydropower, the initial stage of islanding relies on the battery energy storage system. The most extended power outage occurred in September 2021, lasting 1661 min. On a selective day in September, BESS peak charging and discharging were −36.06 kW and 35.51 kW, respectively, whereas the average solar PV generation was below 2 kW. Throughout the power outage, hydropower generation consistently met load demand, and the BESS initiated charging and discharging processes as required by the load profile. Following that, a selective day in August shows that the BESS initiated charging and discharging 59 times. A year-round performance analysis indicates that the examined commercial microgrid controller avoided 5232 min of grid power outages without using a diesel generator and met the load demand efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103938"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study proposes a heuristic seamless supervisory control scheme (SECS) for a constrained grid-connected microgrid with green hydrogen production and storage system (GHPS). Beside the photovoltaic generator (PVG) and the wind generator (WG), the microgrid has an alkaline electrolyser (AE) for hydrogen production, a high-pressure storage tank with a compressor, and proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (FC). It supplies both DC and AC loads. The SECS coordinates the individual controllers of the microgrid subsystems to achieve stable and economic operation. It needs only the three-phase main grid current and hydrogen tank level as inputs to make real time decisions specifying energy-sharing status for the microgrid players. Also, it maintains voltage quality and enables smooth state transition under all operating conditions. By employing elaborated mathematical models, the study analyses the operational dynamics and working efficiency of main components for various scenarios. Two proposed configurations of the microgrid are considered. The entire electrical–mechanical dynamic model is simulated in Matlab environment. Obtained results prove the scheme efficacy and verify the seamless performance of the proposed configurations.
{"title":"Seamless supervisory control scheme of a constrained grid-connected microgrid with hybrid resources and hydrogen production unit","authors":"Safwan Edris , Akram Elmitwally , Mohamed Elgohary , Abdelhady Ghanem","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a heuristic seamless supervisory control scheme (SECS) for a constrained grid-connected microgrid with green hydrogen production and storage system (GHPS). Beside the photovoltaic generator (PVG) and the wind generator (WG), the microgrid has an alkaline electrolyser (AE) for hydrogen production, a high-pressure storage tank with a compressor, and proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (FC). It supplies both DC and AC loads. The SECS coordinates the individual controllers of the microgrid subsystems to achieve stable and economic operation. It needs only the three-phase main grid current and hydrogen tank level as inputs to make real time decisions specifying energy-sharing status for the microgrid players. Also, it maintains voltage quality and enables smooth state transition under all operating conditions. By employing elaborated mathematical models, the study analyses the operational dynamics and working efficiency of main components for various scenarios. Two proposed configurations of the microgrid are considered. The entire electrical–mechanical dynamic model is simulated in Matlab environment. Obtained results prove the scheme efficacy and verify the seamless performance of the proposed configurations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103899
Zhenglin Zhang , Muhammad Adil Khan , Jamroz Khan , Shah Faisal , Xuewu Zuo , Mohammed Kbiri Alaoui
Over the past decade, the Hermite-Hadamard inequality has attracted significant attention from mathematicians, leading to the development of various extensions and generalizations involving different fractional operators, stochastic processes, geometrical interpretations, and applications in image processing. This study focuses on addressing problems related to the Hermite-Hadamard-Jensen-Mercer inequality by incorporating weighted arithmetic means instead of unweighted means within the framework of conformable fractional integral operators. A key objective is to estimate the difference between the derived inequalities. To this end, a novel integral identity is established. Utilizing this identity, several bounds for the difference of the inequalities are obtained by applying convexity, the Hölder inequality, and power-mean inequality. The results are further supported by applications to various means. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the derived results are demonstrated through two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical representations.
{"title":"A version of Hermite-Hadamard-Mercer inequality and associated results","authors":"Zhenglin Zhang , Muhammad Adil Khan , Jamroz Khan , Shah Faisal , Xuewu Zuo , Mohammed Kbiri Alaoui","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past decade, the Hermite-Hadamard inequality has attracted significant attention from mathematicians, leading to the development of various extensions and generalizations involving different fractional operators, stochastic processes, geometrical interpretations, and applications in image processing. This study focuses on addressing problems related to the Hermite-Hadamard-Jensen-Mercer inequality by incorporating weighted arithmetic means instead of unweighted means within the framework of conformable fractional integral operators. A key objective is to estimate the difference between the derived inequalities. To this end, a novel integral identity is established. Utilizing this identity, several bounds for the difference of the inequalities are obtained by applying convexity, the Hölder inequality, and power-mean inequality. The results are further supported by applications to various means. Finally, the validity and accuracy of the derived results are demonstrated through two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphical representations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103899"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103915
Dumitru Baleanu , Babak Shiri
This study focuses on fractional differential equations defined by the Neumann series operator. The inverse of the fractional integral operator is associated with a MABC operator. The underlying fractional Neumann equation is proven to be equivalent to weakly singular integral equations. A new collocation method is proposed for the numerical solution. The method separates the solution into regular and non-regular components. Convergence, super-convergence, and stability of the method are obtained. Unlike finite difference methods, the order of convergence is not reduced on uniform meshes. Numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical findings.
本文主要研究由诺伊曼级数算子定义的分数阶微分方程。分数阶积分算子（1−α）I0+α i α的逆与MABC算子相关。证明了分数阶诺伊曼方程等价于弱奇异积分方程。提出了一种新的数值解的配点法。该方法将溶液分为规则组分和非规则组分。得到了该方法的收敛性、超收敛性和稳定性。与有限差分法不同，在均匀网格上，收敛阶不会降低。数值算例验证了理论结果。
{"title":"Numerical solution for fractional Neumann series equations","authors":"Dumitru Baleanu , Babak Shiri","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on fractional differential equations defined by the Neumann series operator. The inverse of the fractional integral operator <span><math><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>)</mo><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><msup><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></math></span> is associated with a MABC operator. The underlying fractional Neumann equation is proven to be equivalent to weakly singular integral equations. A new collocation method is proposed for the numerical solution. The method separates the solution into regular and non-regular components. Convergence, super-convergence, and stability of the method are obtained. Unlike finite difference methods, the order of convergence is not reduced on uniform meshes. Numerical examples are provided to validate the theoretical findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103915"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103928
Teng Ran, Jianxing Wu, Qing Tao
Low-light conditions degrade image information and affect the performance of visual perception tasks. Most low-light image enhancement methods currently rely on costly paired datasets for training. Meanwhile, many unsupervised models often face challenges in effectively recovering details, spatial structure, and color information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-scale spatial structure restoration architecture, which is trained in an unsupervised manner using SSIM loss and Smoothness loss functions. To simultaneously capture global information and preserve details, we use the Haar Wavelet Downsample to extract image features at different scales. We introduce the Global-Contextual Relay Aggregation module that enhances and restores global and local features. Additionally, we designed the Dual Semantic-Spatial Attention Module with a dual-branch structure. It extracts global structural information and enhances the semantic understanding. We introduced High-Low Frequency Decomposition. It uses the Haar wavelet inverse transform to promote effective fusion of features at different scales. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing unsupervised approaches on the LOL-v1 (PSNR: 20.0 dB, MAE: 0.0961, DeltaE: 12.3623). The results surpassed supervised models like PairLIE (PSNR: 18.47 dB, MAE: 0.1153, DeltaE: 14.2984). It also demonstrates superior performance in terms of brightness uniformity, detail restoration, and color accuracy on LOL-v2-Real and LOL-v2-Synthetic.
{"title":"Multi-scale spatial-structure restoration network based on unsupervised learning for low-light image enhancement","authors":"Teng Ran, Jianxing Wu, Qing Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103928","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103928","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-light conditions degrade image information and affect the performance of visual perception tasks. Most low-light image enhancement methods currently rely on costly paired datasets for training. Meanwhile, many unsupervised models often face challenges in effectively recovering details, spatial structure, and color information. To address these issues, this paper proposes a multi-scale spatial structure restoration architecture, which is trained in an unsupervised manner using SSIM loss and Smoothness loss functions. To simultaneously capture global information and preserve details, we use the Haar Wavelet Downsample to extract image features at different scales. We introduce the Global-Contextual Relay Aggregation module that enhances and restores global and local features. Additionally, we designed the Dual Semantic-Spatial Attention Module with a dual-branch structure. It extracts global structural information and enhances the semantic understanding. We introduced High-Low Frequency Decomposition. It uses the Haar wavelet inverse transform to promote effective fusion of features at different scales. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing unsupervised approaches on the LOL-v1 (PSNR: 20.0 dB, MAE: 0.0961, DeltaE: 12.3623). The results surpassed supervised models like PairLIE (PSNR: 18.47 dB, MAE: 0.1153, DeltaE: 14.2984). It also demonstrates superior performance in terms of brightness uniformity, detail restoration, and color accuracy on LOL-v2-Real and LOL-v2-Synthetic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103928"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-15DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2025.103902
Wang Ben , Chen Hongchu
Existing container security policies struggle to adapt to environmental changes and lack an effective evaluation mechanism. This paper proposes a dynamic security policy generation algorithm using artificial intelligence (AI) and integrates an evaluation mechanism to ensure real-time effectiveness. The model employs Deep Q-Network (DQN) to generate policies, using environmental features like resource usage, network traffic patterns, and threat scores as inputs. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to resolve conflicts and optimize execution efficiency and consistency. A multi-objective regression evaluation mechanism is used to assess policy effectiveness based on detection efficiency, resource usage, and protection accuracy. Experimental results show that the dynamic strategy reduces generation time by 70%, boosts response efficiency by 62.7%, achieves 94.2% task completion, and improves threat detection and protection accuracy by 23.5% and 18.9%, respectively. This method enhances the efficiency and reliability of container security policies in dynamic environments.
{"title":"Dynamic security policy generation and evaluation algorithm for trusted containers based on artificial intelligence","authors":"Wang Ben , Chen Hongchu","doi":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103902","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.asej.2025.103902","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing container security policies struggle to adapt to environmental changes and lack an effective evaluation mechanism. This paper proposes a dynamic security policy generation algorithm using artificial intelligence (AI) and integrates an evaluation mechanism to ensure real-time effectiveness. The model employs Deep Q-Network (DQN) to generate policies, using environmental features like resource usage, network traffic patterns, and threat scores as inputs. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is applied to resolve conflicts and optimize execution efficiency and consistency. A multi-objective regression evaluation mechanism is used to assess policy effectiveness based on detection efficiency, resource usage, and protection accuracy. Experimental results show that the dynamic strategy reduces generation time by 70%, boosts response efficiency by 62.7%, achieves 94.2% task completion, and improves threat detection and protection accuracy by 23.5% and 18.9%, respectively. This method enhances the efficiency and reliability of container security policies in dynamic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48648,"journal":{"name":"Ain Shams Engineering Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 103902"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145790127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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