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Recent Advances in Bio-Based Adhesives and Formaldehyde-Free Technologies for Wood-Based Panel Manufacturing 用于人造板生产的生物基粘合剂和无甲醛技术的最新进展
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-30 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00227-3
Ingrid Calvez, Rosilei Garcia, Ahmed Koubaa, Véronic Landry, Alain Cloutier

Purpose of Review

Conventional formaldehyde-based adhesives for wood-based composite panels are subject to significant concerns due to their formaldehyde emissions. Over the past decade, the wood adhesive industry has undergone a considerable transformation that is characterized by a major push in bio-adhesive development. Various bio-based materials have been explored to create alternatives to conventional formaldehyde-based adhesives. Moreover, growing interest in circularity has led to increasingly exploiting industrial coproducts and by-products to find innovative solutions.

Recent Findings

Industrial production generates many coproducts that can serve as renewable resources to produce eco-friendly materials. These coproducts offer alternative supply sources for material production without encroaching on food production. Many bio-based compounds or coproducts, such as saccharides, proteins, tannins, and lignocellulosic biomass, can also be used to develop bio-based adhesives. As part of ongoing efforts to reduce formaldehyde emissions, new hardeners and crosslinkers are being developed to replace formaldehyde and bio-scavengers. Other alternatives, such as binderless panels, are also emerging.

Summary

This review focuses on sources of bio-based material derived from by-products of various industries, which have many advantages and disadvantages when incorporated into adhesives. Modification methods to enhance their properties and performance in wood-based panels are also discussed. Additionally, alternatives for developing low-emission or formaldehyde-free adhesives are addressed, including hardeners, bio-scavengers, and binderless options. Finally, the environmental impact of bio-based adhesives compared to that of synthetic alternatives is detailed.

审查目的用于人造复合板的传统甲醛基粘合剂因其甲醛释放量而备受关注。在过去的十年中,木材粘合剂行业经历了一场巨大的变革,其特点是大力推动生物粘合剂的发展。人们探索了各种生物基材料,以创造传统甲醛基粘合剂的替代品。此外,人们对循环性的兴趣与日俱增,因此越来越多地利用工业副产品和副产品来寻找创新解决方案。这些副产品为材料生产提供了替代供应来源,同时又不会侵占粮食生产。许多生物基化合物或副产品,如糖类、蛋白质、单宁和木质纤维素生物质,也可用于开发生物基粘合剂。作为减少甲醛排放的持续努力的一部分,正在开发新的固化剂和交联剂来替代甲醛和生物清除剂。本综述重点介绍了从各种工业副产品中提取的生物基材料的来源,这些材料在加入粘合剂后具有许多优点和缺点。还讨论了在人造板中增强其特性和性能的改性方法。此外,还讨论了开发低排放或无甲醛粘合剂的替代品,包括固化剂、生物清除剂和无粘合剂选项。最后,详细介绍了生物基粘合剂与合成替代品相比对环境的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Tree Branch Characterisation from Point Clouds: a Comprehensive Review 从点云描述树枝特征:全面回顾
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00225-5
Robin J. L. Hartley, Sadeepa Jayathunga, Justin Morgenroth, Grant D. Pearse

Purpose of Review

Since the late 1990s, researchers have been increasingly utilising digital methodologies to assess the branch structure of trees. The emergence of commercial terrestrial laser scanners during this period catalysed an entirely new domain focused on point cloud-based research. Over the years, this field has transformed from a complex computational discipline into a practical tool that effectively supports research endeavours. Through the combined use of non-destructive remote sensing techniques and advanced analytical methods, branch characterisation can now be carried out at an unprecedented level.

Recent Findings

While terrestrial laser scanning has traditionally been the dominant methodology for this research domain, the increased use of mobile laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicles indicates a transition towards more mobile platforms. Quantitative structural modelling (QSM) has been pivotal in advancing this field, enhancing branch characterisation capabilities across diverse fields. The past five years have seen increased uptake of 2D and 3D deep learning techniques as alternatives.

Summary

This article presents a comprehensive synthesis of approximately 25 years of research in the field of digital branch characterisation, reviewing the data capture technologies and analytical methods, along with the forest types and tree species to which these technologies have been applied. It explores the current trends in this dynamic field of research, research gaps and some of the key challenges that remain within this field. In this review, we placed particular emphasis on the potential resolution of the significant challenge associated with occlusion through the utilisation of mobile technologies, such as mobile laser scanners and unmanned aerial vehicles. We highlight the need for a more cohesive method for assessing point cloud quality and derived structural model accuracy, and benchmarking data sets that can be used to test new and existing algorithms.

综述目的自 20 世纪 90 年代末以来,研究人员越来越多地利用数字化方法来评估树木的枝干结构。在此期间,商用地面激光扫描仪的出现催生了一个以点云研究为重点的全新领域。多年来,该领域已从一门复杂的计算学科转变为一种有效支持研究工作的实用工具。虽然地面激光扫描一直是该研究领域的主流方法,但移动激光扫描仪和无人机的使用日益增多,表明该领域正在向移动平台过渡。定量结构建模(QSM)在推动这一领域的发展方面发挥了关键作用,增强了不同领域的分支表征能力。在过去的五年中,二维和三维深度学习技术作为替代技术的应用日益广泛。 摘要 本文全面综述了数字树枝特征描述领域约 25 年的研究成果,回顾了数据采集技术和分析方法,以及这些技术所应用的森林类型和树种。报告探讨了这一充满活力的研究领域的当前趋势、研究差距以及该领域仍然存在的一些关键挑战。在本综述中,我们特别强调了通过利用移动技术(如移动激光扫描仪和无人驾驶飞行器)解决与遮挡相关的重大挑战的可能性。我们强调需要一种更具凝聚力的方法来评估点云质量和衍生结构模型的准确性,以及可用于测试新算法和现有算法的基准数据集。
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引用次数: 0
The Value of Forests to Pollinating Insects Varies with Forest Structure, Composition, and Age 森林对授粉昆虫的价值随森林结构、组成和树龄而变化
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-09 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00224-6
Michael D. Ulyshen, Kimberly M. Ballare, Christopher J. Fettig, James W. Rivers, Justin B. Runyon

Purpose of Review

Forests play an essential role in conserving pollinating insects and supporting pollination services in mixed-use landscapes and are particularly important to species that require resources restricted to forests. However, some forests provide higher quality habitat for these organisms than others. The primary objectives of this article are to 1) review how pollinator communities are influenced by changes in forest structure, composition, and age, 2) explore how these patterns differ between conifer and broadleaf forests, and 3) provide recommendations for managers interested in optimizing forest conditions for pollinating insects.

Recent Findings

Although biodiversity generally increases as forests mature and become more structurally and compositionally complex, patterns exhibited by pollinating insects vary depending on forest type and prevailing disturbance regimes. For example, conifer forests can either sustain pollinator diversity comparable to open habitats or experience reduced pollinator diversity depending on the openness of the canopy. In broadleaf forests, pollinator diversity often increases with age (following the stem exclusion stage) and increasing tree diversity, and diversity in these areas can exceed what is observed in open habitats even under closed-canopy conditions. Such patterns likely reflect the importance of flowering broadleaf trees to pollinators, including many forest-dependent species, and suggest that optimal management practices for conserving pollinators differ between conifer and broadleaf forests.

Summary

We conclude that: 1) the quality of forests to pollinating insects is a function of forest structure and composition as mediated by forest age and disturbance history and 2) best management practices need to be developed separately for conserving pollinators in conifer and broadleaf forests. Research aimed at better understanding the value of different broadleaf tree taxa to pollinators, especially forest-dependent species, is needed.

综述目的森林在保护授粉昆虫和支持混合用途景观中的授粉服务方面发挥着至关重要的作用,对于需要仅限于森林的资源的物种来说尤其重要。然而,有些森林为这些生物提供的栖息地质量高于其他森林。本文的主要目的是:1)回顾传粉昆虫群落如何受到森林结构、组成和年龄变化的影响;2)探讨针叶林和阔叶林之间的这些模式有何不同;3)为有意优化森林条件以利于传粉昆虫的管理者提供建议。最新研究结果虽然生物多样性通常会随着森林的成熟以及结构和组成的复杂化而增加,但传粉昆虫表现出的模式却因森林类型和主要干扰机制而异。例如,针叶林可以维持与开阔栖息地相当的授粉昆虫多样性,也可以根据树冠的开阔程度减少授粉昆虫的多样性。在阔叶林中,传粉昆虫的多样性通常会随着树龄的增加(在茎干排除阶段之后)和树木多样性的增加而增加,即使在树冠郁闭的条件下,这些地区的多样性也会超过在开阔生境中观察到的多样性。这种模式可能反映了开花阔叶树对传粉昆虫(包括许多依赖森林的物种)的重要性,并表明针叶林和阔叶林中保护传粉昆虫的最佳管理方法是不同的:1) 森林对传粉昆虫的质量是森林结构和组成的函数,而森林结构和组成又受森林年龄和干扰历史的影响;2) 需要分别制定最佳管理方法,以保护针叶林和阔叶林中的传粉昆虫。需要开展研究,以便更好地了解不同阔叶树类群对传粉昆虫(尤其是依赖森林的物种)的价值。
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引用次数: 0
LiDAR Data Fusion to Improve Forest Attribute Estimates: A Review 利用激光雷达数据融合改进森林属性估算:综述
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-21 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00223-7
Mattia Balestra, Suzanne Marselis, Temuulen Tsagaan Sankey, Carlos Cabo, Xinlian Liang, Martin Mokroš, Xi Peng, Arunima Singh, Krzysztof Stereńczak, Cedric Vega, Gregoire Vincent, Markus Hollaus

Purpose of the Review

Many LiDAR remote sensing studies over the past decade promised data fusion as a potential avenue to increase accuracy, spatial-temporal resolution, and information extraction in the final data products. Here, we performed a structured literature review to analyze relevant studies on these topics published in the last decade and the main motivations and applications for fusion, and the methods used. We discuss the findings with a panel of experts and report important lessons, main challenges, and future directions.

Recent Findings

LiDAR fusion with other datasets, including multispectral, hyperspectral, and radar, is found to be useful for a variety of applications in the literature, both at individual tree level and at area level, for tree/crown segmentation, aboveground biomass assessments, canopy height, tree species identification, structural parameters, and fuel load assessments etc. In most cases, gains are achieved in improving the accuracy (e.g. better tree species classifications), and spatial-temporal resolution (e.g. for canopy height). However, questions remain regarding whether the marginal improvements reported in a range of studies are worth the extra investment, specifically from an operational point of view. We also provide a clear definition of “data fusion” to inform the scientific community on data fusion, combination, and integration.

Summary

This review provides a positive outlook for LiDAR fusion applications in the decade to come, while raising questions about the trade-off between benefits versus the time and effort needed for collecting and combining multiple datasets.

综述目的过去十年中,许多激光雷达遥感研究都承诺将数据融合作为提高最终数据产品的精度、时空分辨率和信息提取的潜在途径。在此,我们进行了一次结构化的文献综述,分析了过去十年中发表的有关这些主题的相关研究、融合的主要动机和应用以及所使用的方法。我们与专家小组讨论了研究结果,并报告了重要经验、主要挑战和未来发展方向。最新研究结果在文献中发现,激光雷达与其他数据集(包括多光谱、高光谱和雷达)的融合在各种应用中都很有用,无论是在单棵树木层面还是在区域层面,都可用于树木/树冠分割、地上生物量评估、树冠高度、树种识别、结构参数和燃料负荷评估等。在大多数情况下,都能提高准确性(如更好的树种分类)和时空分辨率(如树冠高度)。然而,一系列研究中报告的边际改进是否值得额外投资,特别是从操作角度来看,仍然存在疑问。我们还提供了 "数据融合 "的明确定义,以便为科学界提供有关数据融合、组合和集成的信息。 摘要 本综述为未来十年的激光雷达融合应用提供了一个积极的前景,同时也提出了有关收集和组合多个数据集所需的时间和精力与效益之间的权衡问题。
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引用次数: 0
An Updated Review of Spatial Forest Planning: Approaches, Techniques, Challenges, and Future Directions 空间森林规划最新回顾:方法、技术、挑战和未来方向
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-08 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00222-8
Emin Zeki Baskent, José Guilherme Borges, Jan Kašpar

Purpose of Review

The spatial forest planning concept has evolved as an essential component of the forest management planning process. The development of both exact and heuristic modeling techniques as analytical solution techniques have seen significant progress in application to spatial forest planning over the last two decades. This paper aims at providing a comprehensive review of the current state of spatial forest planning in both scope and depth, focusing on different approaches and techniques used, the challenges faced, and the potential future developments. For that purpose, we conduct a world-wide literature review and an extensive analysis of the status and trends over the past two decades in spatial forest planning.

Recent Findings

The literature review indicates that recent advancements have led to the development of new algorithms/formulations for addressing spatial constraints in forest planning with exact solution techniques. Nevertheless, it highlights further that heuristic techniques are still widely used, especially in large real-world problems that encompass multiple ecosystem services and constraints. Besides the provisioning services, there has been a noticeable increase in the proportion of regulating, supporting and cultural services addressed in objective functions of forest management planning models. Adjacency/green-up relationships, opening size, core area, wildlife habitat and the spatial arrangement of fuel treatments have been considered as indicators to address the provision of these services and spatial forest problem.

Summary

We pinpoint persistent challenges to using exact modeling techniques to address large real problems with multiple ecosystems services. We highlight further that determining the optimal combination and values of heuristic parameters and assessing the quality of heuristic solutions remains a central challenge. Finally, we highlight the potential of artificial intelligence to overcome computational obstacles to the application of both exact and heuristic techniques to spatially explicit forest management planning.

审查目的空间森林规划概念已发展成为森林管理规划过程的重要组成部分。在过去二十年里,精确建模技术和启发式建模技术作为分析求解技术在空间森林规划应用方面取得了重大进展。本文旨在从广度和深度两方面全面回顾空间森林规划的现状,重点关注所使用的不同方法和技术、面临的挑战以及未来的潜在发展。为此,我们对世界范围内的文献进行了回顾,并对过去二十年来空间森林规划的现状和趋势进行了广泛分析。然而,它进一步强调了启发式技术仍在广泛使用,尤其是在包含多种生态系统服务和限制因素的大型实际问题中。除提供服务外,森林管理规划模型的目标函数中涉及调节、支持和文化服务的比例也明显增加。相邻关系/绿化关系、开放面积、核心区、野生动物栖息地和燃料处理的空间安排已被视为解决这些服务的提供和空间森林问题的指标。我们进一步强调,确定启发式参数的最佳组合和数值以及评估启发式解决方案的质量仍然是一项核心挑战。最后,我们强调了人工智能在克服将精确和启发式技术应用于空间明确的森林管理规划的计算障碍方面所具有的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Complex Forest Tree Diseases – Diagnostics Beyond Koch’s Postulates 复杂的林木疾病--超越科赫定理的诊断方法
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00220-w
Pierluigi (Enrico) Bonello

Purpose of Review

Forest tree diseases are a major contributor to forest degradation and loss of productivity. They are often quite complex in their causation (etiology), especially in the case of forest syndromes, i.e. diseases with multiple causes and concurrent symptoms. Traditionally, to prove pathogenicity of a microbial agent, and thus correctly diagnose the etiology of a disease, plant pathologists must satisfy all of the so-called Koch’s postulates, as mandated by their deontological code. This review examines whether this approach is still current.

Recent Findings

Koch’s postulates state that a pathogen is a microorganism that, after being isolated in pure culture, can reproduce the disease when it is inoculated into a healthy plant. Over the decades, plant pathologists as well as medical scientists have discovered that these postulates are not always applicable in their entirety and that, furthermore, novel approaches based on molecular biology can be very helpful in uncovering relationships between microbes and diseases that are not easily proven using Koch’s postulates.

Summary

I conclude that Koch’s postulates are not a viable approach for many forest tree diseases and propose a set of new guidelines, based on the preponderance of the evidence principle, to integrate this proven approach and bring it into the twenty-first century.

综述目的林木疾病是造成森林退化和生产力损失的主要因素。林木病害的成因(病因学)往往相当复杂,尤其是森林综合症,即具有多种病因和并发症状的病害。传统上,要证明微生物病原体的致病性,从而正确诊断疾病的病因,植物病理学家必须满足所谓的 "科赫假设"(Koch's postulates),这也是他们的道德准则所规定的。最新研究结果科赫假说指出,病原体是一种微生物,在纯培养物中分离出来后,接种到健康植物中就能繁殖病害。几十年来,植物病理学家和医学家发现,这些假设并不总是完全适用的,此外,基于分子生物学的新方法可以很好地帮助揭示微生物与疾病之间的关系,而这些关系使用科赫假设并不容易证明。摘要我的结论是,科赫假设对于许多林木疾病来说并不是一种可行的方法,并根据证据优势原则提出了一套新的指导原则,以整合这种行之有效的方法并将其带入 21 世纪。
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引用次数: 0
Seeing the Trees Without the Forest: What and How can Agroforestry and Urban Forestry Learn from Each Other? 只见树木,不见森林:农林业和城市林业如何相互学习?
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00221-9
Rita Sousa-Silva, Mélanie Feurer, Christopher Morhart, Jonathan P. Sheppard, Stefanie Albrecht, Markus Anys, Friderike Beyer, Kathrin Blumenstein, Sabine Reinecke, Thomas Seifert, Ian Whitehead, Stephan Pauleit, Jürgen Bauhus

Purpose of Review

Agroforestry and urban forestry have evolved mainly as separate disciplines, although they share a long history of tree cultivation in man-made environments. Here, we review their common threads, exploring how trees in both systems interact with and shape their environments. We examine common themes and methodologies – ranging from tree growth dynamics to environmental stressors, ecosystem services provision, and questions of governance – and identify opportunities for synergies between these fields.

Recent Findings

We emphasize the potential of agroforestry and urban forestry for enhancing multifunctional landscapes. Geographical divides in research are evident, with agroforestry predominantly studied in the Global South and urban forestry receiving more attention in the Global North. However, significant research gaps provide avenues for collaboration, for instance, addressing challenges in capturing the monetary and socio-cultural value of ecosystem services and environmental justice considerations.

Summary

In light of the growing need for integrated approaches in addressing contemporary challenges, from climate change mitigation and adaptation to community well-being, our review explores what these research fields can learn from each other and provides recommendations for fostering greater interdisciplinary dialogue and new avenues for collaborations in a meaningful and synergistic manner, aiming to advance policy, research, and practice in agroforestry and urban forestry.

综述目的 虽然农林业和城市林业在人造环境中栽培树木方面有着悠久的历史,但它们主要是作为独立的学科发展起来的。在此,我们回顾了它们的共同点,探讨了这两个系统中的树木是如何与环境相互作用并塑造环境的。我们研究了共同的主题和方法--从树木生长动力学到环境压力、生态系统服务的提供以及治理问题--并确定了这些领域之间协同作用的机会。研究的地域差异非常明显,农林业的研究主要集中在全球南部,而城市林业则在全球北部受到更多关注。综述 鉴于越来越需要综合方法来应对从减缓和适应气候变化到社区福祉等当代挑战,我们的综述探讨了这些研究领域可以相互学习的内容,并为促进更多跨学科对话和以有意义和协同的方式开展合作的新途径提供了建议,旨在推动农林业和城市林业的政策、研究和实践。
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引用次数: 0
Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Fully Mechanized Cut-to-Length (CTL) Harvesting Operations of Industrial Roundwood: A Review 工业圆材全机械化定尺剪切 (CTL) 采伐作业的燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放:综述
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00219-3
Kalle Kärhä, Lars Eliasson, Martin Kühmaier, Raffaele Spinelli

Purpose of Review

The aim of this literature review was to bring together the most relevant and recent research information on the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions caused by the fully mechanized cut-to-length (CTL) harvesting machinery when applied to industrial roundwood. A specific aim of this review was to describe the effect of different independent variables on fuel consumption in fully mechanized CTL wood-harvesting operations.

Recent Findings

The review showed that the engine power of CTL forest machines accounts for most of the variance in the hourly fuel consumption of both harvesters and forwarders. We underline that the cubic-metre-based fuel consumption of CTL forest machines is correlated to the same factors that affect work productivity. Among all influencing factors, the average stem size, removal intensity and silvicultural treatment have the strongest effect on the fuel consumption per m3 incurred with felling-processing, whereas forwarding distance, removal intensity and payload size are the main drivers of fuel consumption per m3 as incurred with extraction. Further influencing factors are soil type (mineral soil or peatland), use of tracks, assortment type and machine size. Together with those factors, the role of the machine operator remains crucial and is dependent on two separate skills: the capacity to achieve high productivity, and that to apply fuel-saving driving techniques.

Summary

The easiest way to reduce the carbon footprint of CTL harvesting machines is to increase the productivity of the harvesting work, for example by giving machine operator-specific training to utilize more efficient work methods and economic energy-efficient driving techniques. Furthermore, several other measures to reduce the carbon footprint of CTL harvesting operations were discussed in this review. Finally, we recommend that all essential variables that have a significant impact on the productivity of harvesting work, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions are reported in study papers in the future.

综述目的本文献综述旨在汇集有关全机械化定尺剪切(CTL)采伐机械用于工业圆材时造成的燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放的最新研究信息。本综述的一个具体目的是描述不同自变量对全机械化 CTL 木材采伐作业燃料消耗的影响。综述显示,CTL 林木机械的发动机功率占采伐机和转运机每小时燃料消耗差异的大部分。我们强调,以立方米为单位的 CTL 林业机械燃料消耗量与影响工作效率的相同因素相关。在所有影响因素中,平均茎干尺寸、移除强度和造林处理对伐木加工产生的每立方米燃料消耗影响最大,而转运距离、移除强度和有效载荷大小则是采伐产生的每立方米燃料消耗的主要驱动因素。其他影响因素包括土壤类型(矿质土壤或泥炭地)、履带的使用、分类类型和机器尺寸。小结 减少 CTL 收割机碳足迹的最简单方法是提高收割工作的生产率,例如对机器操作员进行专门培训,使其掌握更高效的工作方法和经济节能的驾驶技术。此外,本综述还讨论了其他一些减少 CTL 收割作业碳足迹的措施。最后,我们建议在今后的研究论文中报告对收割工作的生产率、燃料消耗和二氧化碳排放有重大影响的所有基本变量。
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引用次数: 0
Forest Supply Chains During Digitalization: Current Implementations and Prospects in Near Future 数字化过程中的森林供应链:当前的实施情况和未来展望
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00218-4

Abstract

Purpose of Review

The forest industry has deployed systems of information and communication technology to improve the productivity of forest supply chains. In this sense, the digitalization of data flows significantly impacts wood supply chains, from forest to mills, which must react flexibly to market fluctuations of forest products. The goal of this study was to conduct a literature review on data flow implementations in management systems of wood supply chains and to evaluate their applicability in supply chains to analyze the opportunities for improving them in practice.

Recent Findings

We utilized the ScienceDirect database, Scopus, and Web of Science in order to document data flows in systems and actual applications. Due to ongoing outsourcing, the wood procurement chains and the wood supply chains were identified in the forest industry. In addition to industrial wood data, several different data collection technologies can be implemented in wood supply chains to digitalize the forest data depending on the specific needs of organizations. In this regard, the digitalization of big data causes significant changes in available data elements of practical operations that are integrated and standardized in the optimization and simulation systems.

Summary

A modeling guide is suggested for accurate dynamic solution of problems of forest logistics. Then, the opportunities in digitalization for connecting different data flows, technologies, and stakeholders are discussed thoroughly. We conclude that data-driven dynamic optimization and locally implemented digitalization contribute to wood supply modeling in the ongoing establishment of standards for cloud-based platforms because modeling time-related and sequential measures will ensure successful forest logistics through planning and monitoring wood supply chains.

摘要 审查目的 林业已经部署了信息和通信技术系统,以提高森林供应链的生产力。从这个意义上说,数据流的数字化对从森林到工厂的木材供应链产生了重大影响,因为木材供应链必须对林产品的市场波动做出灵活反应。本研究的目的是对木材供应链管理系统中的数据流实施情况进行文献综述,并评估其在供应链中的适用性,从而分析在实践中改进它们的机会。 最新发现 我们利用 ScienceDirect 数据库、Scopus 和 Web of Science 来记录系统中的数据流和实际应用。由于正在进行外包,我们确定了林业中的木材采购链和木材供应链。除工业木材数据外,还可根据各组织的具体需求,在木材供应链中采用几种不同的数据收集技术,以实现森林数据的数字化。在这方面,大数据的数字化使实际操作中的可用数据元素发生了重大变化,这些数据元素在优化和模拟系统中得到了整合和标准化。 总结 提出了准确动态解决森林物流问题的建模指南。然后,深入讨论了连接不同数据流、技术和利益相关者的数字化机遇。我们得出的结论是,数据驱动的动态优化和本地实施的数字化有助于木材供应建模,从而不断建立基于云平台的标准,因为与时间相关的建模和顺序措施将通过规划和监控木材供应链确保成功的森林物流。
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引用次数: 0
Trade-offs and Trait Integration in Tree Phenotypes: Consequences for the Sustainable Use of Genetic Resources 树木表型中的权衡与性状整合:遗传资源可持续利用的后果
IF 9.5 1区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1007/s40725-024-00217-5
Jose Climent, Ricardo Alía, Katri Karkkainen, Catherine Bastien, Marta Benito-Garzon, Laurent Bouffier, Giovanbattista De Dato, Sylvain Delzon, Arnaud Dowkiw, Margarita Elvira-Recuenco, Delphine Grivet, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Haleh Hayatgheibi, Sonja Kujala, Jean-Charles Leplé, Ruth C. Martín-Sanz, Marina de Miguel, M. Cristina Monteverdi, Sven Mutke, Christophe Plomion, José Alberto Ramírez-Valiente, Leopoldo Sanchez, Aida Solé-Medina, Jean-Paul Soularue, Arne Steffenrem, Angela Teani, Johan Westin, Richard Whittet, Harry Wu, Rafael Zas, Stephen Cavers

Purpose of Review

In this review, we synthesise current knowledge on trade-offs among traits in key fitness dimensions and identify major research gaps with the intention of laying the groundwork for a rapid advance in tree breeding for multiple objectives as a key contribution to the sustainability of planted forests in the future.

Recent Findings

Trade-offs among growth, reproduction, defence, stress tolerance and product quality predicted theoretically have been reported experimentally in many breeding programmes. Among these trade-offs, the genetic linkage between resistance against biotic threats and growth (or other relevant traits) is particularly critical for the current and future management of forest genetic resources. Maintaining tree growth and wood quality in the novel environments of the future requires the assessment of genetic correlations of target traits with phenology, closely linked to survival to temperature extremes. Improving our current knowledge on the genetic trade-offs of drought tolerance as a breeding objective in forest trees obligates a more precise definition of both the specific traits and the experimental conditions. Published evidence suggests that common target traits in breeding programmes may trade-off with reproductive success and fire-adaptation, and the simultaneous improvement of growth and wood quality traits still remains as a constraint in traditional tree breeding.

Summary

Changing environments combined with pests and diseases are challenging plantation forestry worldwide, which implies an urgent need to develop new improvement strategies to build the resilience of forestry for our future environments. It is essential to have a better understanding of how traits interact, especially those important for production, climate and biotic threat resilience, but much of the information is still missing. Since many key trade-offs are affected by the environment, we need new studies under novel environments to forecast levels of multi-trait integration in breeding populations.

综述目的 在本综述中,我们综合了当前关于关键适应性方面性状权衡的知识,并确定了主要的研究差距,旨在为快速推进树木育种的多重目标奠定基础,为未来人工林的可持续性做出重要贡献。在这些权衡中,抵抗生物威胁与生长(或其他相关性状)之间的遗传联系对于当前和未来的森林遗传资源管理尤为重要。要在未来的新环境中保持树木生长和木材质量,就必须评估目标性状与物候的遗传相关性,因为物候与极端温度下的存活率密切相关。要提高我们目前对作为林木育种目标的耐旱性遗传权衡的认识,就必须更精确地定义具体性状和实验条件。已发表的证据表明,育种计划中的共同目标性状可能会与繁殖成功率和火灾适应性发生权衡,而同时改良生长和木材质量性状仍然是传统林木育种中的一个制约因素。我们必须更好地了解性状之间是如何相互作用的,尤其是那些对生产、气候和生物威胁抵御能力非常重要的性状,但目前仍缺少这方面的大量信息。由于许多关键的权衡受到环境的影响,我们需要在新环境下进行新的研究,以预测育种群体的多性状整合水平。
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Current Forestry Reports
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