Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第10页

Assessing urban thermal inequity for the elderly in relation to 2D/3D urban built environment 基于二维/三维城市建筑环境的老年人城市热不平等评估

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107116

Xukun Yan, Yupeng Wang, Xilian Luo, Dian Zhou

Urban thermal comfort has emerged as a critical factor affecting environmental sustainability and social equity, particularly in aging societies undergoing compact urbanization. This study employs machine learning algorithms to investigate how multidimensional urban morphology shapes spatial disparities in thermal environment. Taking Xi'an, China, as a case study, this research integrates multi-source data—including remote sensing imagery, elderly population distribution and 2D/3D urban morphology models—and employs Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model to capture the complex, nonlinear relationships between urban form and thermal conditions. Results indicate that over 70 % of urban blocks experience thermal discomfort, with high-density historic districts facing 4.7–7.4 times higher thermal exposure than peripheral new towns. Moreover, thermal discomfort is highly associated with social vulnerability, as evidenced by an 88 % spatial overlap between thermal discomfort blocks and areas with above-average elderly population densities, where the thermal discomfort index is over ten times the citywide average. The AI-driven model indicates that vegetation and water bodies account for over 60 % of the total cooling contribution. However, when NDVI falls below 0.2 or building density exceeds 0.2, thermal discomfort tends to intensify significantly. A “double-edged sword” effect of 3D urban morphology is observed: moderate building height enhances shading and ventilation, yet excessive height (above 32.5 m) worsens heat stress. This research supports climate-responsive urban design and underscores the need to address thermal inequity in aging, high-density cities.

城市热舒适已成为影响环境可持续性和社会公平的关键因素，特别是在经历紧凑型城市化的老龄化社会。本研究采用机器学习算法来研究多维城市形态如何影响热环境的空间差异。本研究以中国西安市为例，整合遥感影像、老年人口分布和二维/三维城市形态模型等多源数据，采用极端梯度增强（XGBoost）模型捕捉城市形态与热条件之间复杂的非线性关系。结果表明，超过70%的城市街区存在热不适，高密度历史街区的热暴露是周边新城的4.7-7.4倍。此外，热不适与社会脆弱性高度相关，热不适街区与老年人口密度高于平均水平的地区之间有88%的空间重叠，其中热不适指数超过全市平均水平的十倍。人工智能驱动的模型表明，植被和水体占总冷却贡献的60%以上。而当NDVI低于0.2或建筑密度超过0.2时，热不适倾向明显加剧。观察到三维城市形态的“双刃剑”效应：适度的建筑高度增强了遮阳和通风，但过高的高度（超过32.5米）加剧了热应力。这项研究支持气候响应型城市设计，并强调了解决老龄化、高密度城市中热不平等问题的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Design of an innovative hydrogen ecosystem integrating renewable energy options with wastewater management for a sustainable city 设计一个创新的氢生态系统，将可再生能源选择与废水管理相结合，实现可持续发展的城市

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107055

Ahmet Faruk Kilicaslan, Ibrahim Dincer

This study introduces a newly designed hybrid multigeneration system that integrates anaerobic digestion, solar photovoltaic panels, and bioelectrochemical cells to convert wastewater into electricity, hydrogen and domestic hot water in order to achieve sustainable cities. The system is designed to potentially consider the Ashbridges Bay Wastewater Treatment Plant in Toronto, using both solar and biogas resources for energy production. Key system components include a steam Rankine cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, and a microbial fuel cell-microbial electrolysis cell unit, which together support simultaneous waste treatment and clean energy generation. The designed system has an overall energy efficiency of 38.88 % and exergy efficiency of 31.36 %. The system achieves a net electrical output of 13.66 MW, while producing 0.07 kg/s of hydrogen and two streams of thermal energy at different temperatures to meet residential and industrial demands. The generated hydrogen is then liquefied and stored at a nearby refueling station located at the Toronto port, where it is utilized to fuel marine vessels such as boats and ships. The parametric studies demonstrate that boiler efficiency, biogas yield, and reference temperature significantly affect system performance. The proposed configuration offers a scalable solution for integrating renewable energy with wastewater treatment and hydrogen infrastructure for sustainable urban applications.

本研究介绍了一种新设计的混合多发电系统，该系统集成了厌氧消化、太阳能光伏板和生物电化学电池，将废水转化为电能、氢气和生活热水，以实现可持续城市。该系统的设计潜在地考虑了多伦多阿什布里奇湾污水处理厂，利用太阳能和沼气资源进行能源生产。关键系统组件包括蒸汽朗肯循环、有机朗肯循环和微生物燃料电池-微生物电解电池单元，它们共同支持同时处理废物和产生清洁能源。设计的系统总能源效率为38.88%，火用效率为31.36%。该系统实现了13.66兆瓦的净电力输出，同时在不同温度下产生0.07千克/秒的氢气和两种热能流，以满足住宅和工业需求。然后，产生的氢气被液化并储存在多伦多港口附近的一个加气站，在那里它被用来为船只等海洋船只提供燃料。参数化研究表明，锅炉效率、沼气产量和参考温度对系统性能有显著影响。提议的配置提供了一个可扩展的解决方案，将可再生能源与废水处理和氢基础设施相结合，实现可持续的城市应用。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Contrasting frequency of global canopy and surface urban heat island” [Sustainable Cities and Society, Volume 133, 1 October 2025, 106857] “全球冠层和地表城市热岛的对比频率”的勘误表[可持续城市与社会，133卷，2025年10月1日，106857]

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107075

Huyan Fu , Jianghai Wen , Zihan Liu , Jiufeng Li , Jiaxi Li , Zhiru Chen

引用次数: 0

A methodological proposal to design climate shelter systems: The role of social infrastructure in climate adaptation strategies 设计气候庇护系统的方法论建议：社会基础设施在气候适应战略中的作用

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107108

Sara Cruz , Maria Luísa Scharlau , Luísa Batista

As climate change increasingly exposes urban populations to extreme weather events, adaptation strategies go beyond physical interventions to address social vulnerabilities. This paper proposes a methodological framework for designing climate shelter systems that integrate social infrastructure into climate-responsive planning. Grounded in the concept of community resilience, the approach combines top-down and bottom-up strategies to identify, evaluate, and adapt existing public and social spaces for use as climate shelters. The methodology is applied to a case study in the Bonfim parish of Porto, Portugal; an area characterised by socio-economic deprivation, aging infrastructure, and climate vulnerability. The framework consists of two phases: criteria-based site selection (combining indicators and spatial analysis using GIS software) and participatory engagement (interviews with residents and stakeholders) to assess suitability, perceptions, and behavioural responses to climate events. Specifically, 32 interviews were conducted as part of the case study. The outcome is a multi-layered shelter network encompassing outdoor, indoor, emergency, and vulnerable-group-specific spaces, tailored to the local context. The findings underscore the dual role of climate shelters as protective infrastructure and as catalysts for social cohesion, climate literacy and public engagement. The study emphasises the need to integrate climate adaptation into everyday urban practices and highlights the role of efficient governance, communication, and monitoring. By leveraging social infrastructure, climate shelters can evolve from emergency responses into long-term assets that strengthen adaptive capacity and promote climate justice. The proposed methodology is transferable across diverse urban contexts, with the necessary adjustments, offering practical guidance for cities aiming to operationalise equitable and inclusive climate adaptation strategies.

随着气候变化日益使城市人口暴露于极端天气事件，应对气候变化的策略需要超越物质干预来解决社会脆弱性问题。本文提出了一个设计气候庇护系统的方法框架，将社会基础设施整合到气候响应性规划中。该方法以社区恢复力的概念为基础，结合了自上而下和自下而上的策略，以识别、评估和调整现有的公共和社会空间，使其成为气候庇护所。该方法应用于葡萄牙波尔图邦菲姆教区的案例研究；一个以社会经济匮乏、基础设施老化和气候脆弱性为特征的地区。该框架包括两个阶段：基于标准的选址（结合使用GIS软件的指标和空间分析）和参与性参与（与居民和利益相关者的访谈），以评估对气候事件的适用性、认知和行为反应。具体来说，作为案例研究的一部分，进行了32次访谈。其结果是一个多层的庇护所网络，包括室外、室内、紧急情况和弱势群体特定的空间，根据当地的情况量身定制。研究结果强调了气候庇护所作为保护性基础设施和促进社会凝聚力、气候素养和公众参与的双重作用。该研究强调了将气候适应纳入日常城市实践的必要性，并强调了有效治理、沟通和监测的作用。通过利用社会基础设施，气候庇护所可以从应急反应演变为加强适应能力和促进气候正义的长期资产。所提出的方法可在不同的城市背景下进行必要的调整，为旨在实施公平和包容的气候适应战略的城市提供实用指导。

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引用次数: 0

Spatiotemporal correlation of wind-thermal environments and optimization of wind-thermal dual disadvantage zones 风热环境时空关联及风热双不利区优化

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107098

Hongfei Li , Jun Yang , Wenbo Yu , Jiayi Ren , Jiaxing Xin , Xiangming Xiao , Jianhong (Cecilia) Xia

Global climate change has pushed cities to the forefront of climate mitigation efforts. However, the relationship between urban wind and thermal conditions has rarely been simulated at the city scale. In this study, we applied the local climate zone (LCZ) framework and circuit theory to the Shenyang central urban area, Liaoning Province, China, to analyze correlations between the urban ventilation effect (UVE), wind speed, and land surface temperature (LST) in 2020. Finally, we identified zones with a poor combined wind–thermal environment using bivariate local spatial autocorrelation. We present the following major findings. (1) The UVE in the study area was better under gentle-breeze conditions than light-breeze conditions. Spatially, the UVE was best in the east and west, worst in the north and south, and relatively poor in the central area. (2) In summer, the LST was significantly higher in the central area than in peripheral areas, and high-temperature zones were extensive, continuous, and concentrated. LCZ8 and LCZG showed the highest and lowest average LST, respectively. (3) A significant negative correlation was observed between LST and the UVE (−0.44); LCZ4 and LCZ8 showed the highest and lowest wind–thermal correlations (−0.45 and −0.25), respectively. (4) Improving the UVE effectively reduced LST; the maximum LST reduction among built-up-types and land-cover-types LCZ types reached 2.62 °C (LCZ10) and 6.54 °C (LCZE), respectively. (5) LST and UVE showed significant negative spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I = −0.391), with zones of poor combined wind–thermal conditions predominantly located in LCZ2 and LCZ8 (>50 % of all zones).

全球气候变化将城市推向了减缓气候变化努力的前沿。然而，很少在城市尺度上模拟城市风和热条件之间的关系。本文应用局地气候带（LCZ）框架和环流理论，分析了2020年沈阳市中心城区城市通风效应（UVE）、风速和地表温度（LST）的相关性。最后，我们利用二元局部空间自相关识别出风-热联合环境较差的区域。我们提出以下主要发现。(1)研究区的UVE在微风条件下优于微风条件。从空间上看，东部和西部最好，北部和南部最差，中部相对较差。(2)夏季中心地区地表温度显著高于外围地区，高温区分布广泛、连续、集中；LCZ8和LCZG的平均地表温度最高、最低。(3)地表温度与UVE呈显著负相关（- 0.44）；LCZ4和LCZ8的风热相关性最高，分别为- 0.45和- 0.25。(4)提高UVE有效降低了LST；建筑类型和土地覆盖类型LCZ类型的最大地表温度降幅分别达到2.62°C （LCZ10）和6.54°C （LCZE）。(5) LST与UVE呈显著的负空间自相关（Moran’s I = - 0.391），风热联合条件较差的区域主要分布在LCZ2和LCZ8（占所有区域的50%）。

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引用次数: 0

Spatial and diurnal dynamics of heat mitigation strategies: a comparative analysis using an open-source CFD–thermal comfort workflow coupling vegetation heat and moisture 热缓解策略的空间和日动态：使用开源cfd -热舒适工作流耦合植被热量和湿度的比较分析

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107080

Sijie Zhu , Hui Wang , Meifang Su , Xing Shi , Weiting Xiong

Extreme urban heat and heatwaves are increasingly threatening public health. Although numerous design strategies have been proposed to mitigate outdoor thermal stress, most studies evaluate individual strategies in isolation and often focus on a single time of day, resulting in a lack of quantitative, diurnally dynamic analyses across multiple approaches. This gap limits planners’ and policymakers’ ability to make evidence-based, context-specific decisions for effective urban heat mitigation. Here, we develop and apply an open-source CFD–thermal comfort workflow that explicitly couples vegetation heat, moisture, and radiation effects at every modeling stage. Using high-resolution urban morphology data for Nanjing, China, we generate 30 representative block-scale scenarios to systematically compare five common urban design strategies. Across these scenarios, vegetation-based interventions lower mean air temperature by 0.3–1.3 °C and mean radiant temperature (MRT) by up to 7.2 °C, and reduce physiological equivalent temperature (PET) by as much as 1.9 °C at peak heat (14:00), while building-based strategies have negligible effects on air temperature and deliver relatively smaller PET reductions (up to 1.3 °C). Green-coverage strategies provide the broadest and most persistent relief, maintaining PET reductions above 1.8 °C from 13:00 to 17:00, whereas high tree ratios produce stronger local shading but benefits decay rapidly after 14:00. Building-density and building-height strategies also suppress extreme MRT, with reductions of 3.4–4.4 °C and a strong dependence on solar angle. For density, however, part of the MRT-driven PET benefit is offset by reduced ventilation, whereas increased building height preserves airflow and yields more efficient PET reductions. Marginal PET gains show clear thresholds, with the largest improvements occurring between 27 and 32 % green coverage and between 60–70 % tree ratio, followed by saturation at higher levels. By linking these quantitative cooling patterns to strategy-specific mechanisms and mapping strategies to objectives and site constraints, our framework delivers actionable guidance for urban heat mitigation.

城市极端高温和热浪正日益威胁着公众健康。虽然已经提出了许多设计策略来减轻室外热应力，但大多数研究都是孤立地评估单个策略，并且通常只关注一天中的单个时间，从而缺乏跨多种方法的定量、每日动态分析。这一差距限制了规划者和决策者为有效的城市热缓解做出基于证据的、具体情况的决策的能力。在这里，我们开发并应用了一个开源的cfd -热舒适工作流，该工作流在每个建模阶段明确地耦合了植被的热量、湿度和辐射效应。利用中国南京的高分辨率城市形态数据，我们生成了30个具有代表性的街区尺度场景，系统地比较了五种常见的城市设计策略。在这些情景中，基于植被的干预措施使平均气温降低0.3-1.3°C，平均辐射温度（MRT）降低高达7.2°C，峰值温度（14:00）时生理等效温度（PET）降低高达1.9°C，而基于建筑物的策略对空气温度的影响可以忽略不计，PET降低幅度相对较小（高达1.3°C）。绿色覆盖策略提供了最广泛和最持久的缓解，从13:00到17:00保持PET减少超过1.8°C，而高树木比例产生更强的局部遮阳，但14:00后效益迅速衰减。建筑密度和建筑高度策略也抑制了极端的MRT，降低了3.4-4.4°C，并且强烈依赖于太阳角度。然而，对于密度来说，mrt驱动的PET的部分好处被减少的通风所抵消，而增加的建筑高度保持了气流，产生了更有效的PET减少。PET边际收益显示出明确的阈值，最大的改善发生在27%至32%的绿色覆盖率和60 - 70%的树木比例之间，其次是更高水平的饱和。通过将这些定量冷却模式与特定策略机制联系起来，并将策略映射到目标和场地限制，我们的框架为城市热缓解提供了可操作的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of temporal changes in human population exposure to cold and heat stress in Iran based on UTCI 基于UTCI的伊朗人口暴露于冷热应激的时间变化评估

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107115

Ali Zarei

Climate change and global warming, coupled with population growth, have increased human exposure to heat stress, particularly during the warm months. While elevated thermal stress in unpopulated areas poses minimal risk, in densely inhabited regions it has significant implications for public health. Despite numerous studies on climate change in Iran, this study is particularly important as it directly addresses human populations and their exposure to thermal stress, with an emphasis on densely populated areas. The aim of this research is to analyze patterns of human exposure to cold and heat stress in Iran over a forty-year period (1985–2024) and to characterize the spatiotemporal variations of the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). For this purpose, the ERA5-HEAT reanalysis dataset was used to derive the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), while population exposure to thermal stress was assessed using GPWv4 population data. The results indicate that over the 40-year study period, UTCI increased significantly in all months, with stronger rises observed during the warm months compared to the cold months. Population assessments show that approximately 70 million people were exposed to cold stress during winter months, whereas over 30 million individuals experienced heat stress during summer months. The 40-year population trend highlights an increasing exposure to heat stress in summer and a decreasing exposure to cold stress in winter. Moreover, the findings indicate an intensification of heat stress since the early 2000s, with associated public health risks. These results underscore the necessity of national preventive strategies and planning to reduce heat-related morbidity and mortality during warm months and to enhance the country’s resilience and infrastructure.

气候变化和全球变暖，加上人口增长，增加了人类对热应激的暴露，特别是在温暖的月份。虽然在无人居住地区热应力升高的风险很小，但在人口稠密地区，它对公共卫生产生重大影响。尽管有许多关于伊朗气候变化的研究，但这项研究尤其重要，因为它直接研究了人口及其对热应激的暴露，重点是人口稠密地区。本研究的目的是分析伊朗40年来（1985-2024）人类暴露于冷热应激的模式，并表征通用热气候指数（UTCI）的时空变化特征。为此，使用ERA5-HEAT再分析数据集来推导通用热气候指数（UTCI），而使用GPWv4人口数据来评估人口对热应激的暴露。结果表明，在40年的研究期内，UTCI在所有月份均显著增加，且暖月份的上升幅度大于冷月份。人口评估显示，约有7000万人在冬季遭受冷应激，而超过3000万人在夏季遭受热应激。40年的人口趋势表明，夏季热应激增加，冬季冷应激减少。此外，研究结果表明，自21世纪初以来，热应激加剧，带来了相关的公共健康风险。这些结果强调了国家预防战略和规划的必要性，以减少在温暖月份与热有关的发病率和死亡率，并加强国家的抵御能力和基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Carbon sink potential and planning and governance strategies of ecological space in megacities: A case study of Beijing” [Sustainable Cities and Society 136 (2026) 12/107036] “特大城市生态空间碳汇潜力与规划治理策略：以北京为例”的更正[可持续城市与社会136 (2026)12/107036]

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107060

Qiwen Cao , Aman Zhang , Rong Cong , Dan Zhao , Xiaochun Huang , Shanshan Ning , Xiaoran Xie

引用次数: 0

Urban ecological risk and social vulnerability assessment for equitable climate resilience planning in Siliguri, India 印度西里古里公平气候韧性规划的城市生态风险和社会脆弱性评估

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107113

Alok Das , Sayanti Poddar , Javed Mallick , Hoang Thi Hang , Swapan Talukdar

Urban ecological risks are intensifying due to climate change, land-use transitions, and socio-institutional disparities. In South Asia, Himalayan foothill cities such as Siliguri face compounded vulnerability from blue-green infrastructure loss, rising land surface temperature, and pollutant accumulation, particularly in socially marginalized wards. This study develops a spatially integrated urban ecological risk model for Siliguri by combining biophysical hazards, social vulnerability, and adaptive capacity at the ward level. A multi-step approach was applied: Random Forest classification and mono-window algorithms derived land use and land surface temperature (2003–2023); hazards included land surface temperature, built-up density, aerosol optical depth, road proximity, and gaseous pollutants; exposure was quantified using caste- and gender-disaggregated indicators; and adaptive capacity was assessed using access to key services and blue–green infrastructure, integrated through a Gamma overlay. Results show a 27.5 % decline in green space and a 78.5 % loss of blue space since 2013. >91 % of wards now experience high to very-high land surface temperature, and 26 wards (55.3 %) fall within very-high hazard zones concentrated along a northeast–southwest corridor. In contrast, a large share of wards including Ward 28, representing the city’s typical mid-risk profile remain in the moderate category, reflecting comparatively lower combined hazard-exposure pressures. Six wards, in total, fall under very-high total population risk, while Scheduled Tribe risk is very high in two wards and high in three; Scheduled Caste women experience high or very high risk in more than ten wards. Rather than implying a direct “high contribution” to SDG 11.7, the proposed model functions as a decision-support tool that can support monitoring and targeted action toward SDG 11.7 by identifying ward-level deficits in inclusive access to safer, healthier, and climate-resilient blue-green and public spaces, thereby enabling transferable, equity-oriented resilience planning in rapidly urbanizing secondary cities.

由于气候变化、土地利用转型和社会制度差异，城市生态风险正在加剧。在南亚，喜马拉雅山麓城市，如西里古里，面临着蓝绿色基础设施损失、地表温度上升和污染物积累的综合脆弱性，特别是在社会边缘化地区。本研究结合生物物理灾害、社会脆弱性和区级适应能力，构建了空间一体化的西里古里城市生态风险模型。采用多步骤方法：随机森林分类和单窗口算法推导土地利用和地表温度（2003-2023）；危害包括地表温度、建筑密度、气溶胶光学深度、道路接近度和气体污染物；使用按种姓和性别分类的指标对暴露进行量化；利用关键服务和蓝绿色基础设施的可及性对适应能力进行了评估，并通过Gamma覆盖进行了整合。结果显示，自2013年以来，绿色空间减少了27.5%，蓝色空间减少了78.5%。91%的病区现在经历了高到极高的地表温度，26个病区（55.3%）处于沿东北-西南走廊集中的极高危险区。相比之下，包括28号病房在内的大部分病房，代表了该市典型的中等风险状况，仍然处于中等类别，反映了相对较低的综合风险暴露压力。总共有六个病区的人口风险非常高，而计划部落的风险在两个病区非常高，在三个病区很高；在册种姓妇女在十多个病房面临着很高或非常高的风险。拟议的模型并不意味着对可持续发展目标11.7的直接“高贡献”，而是作为一种决策支持工具，通过确定在包容性获得更安全、更健康、具有气候适应性的蓝绿和公共空间方面的缺口，支持对可持续发展目标11.7的监测和有针对性的行动，从而在快速城市化的二级城市中实现可转让的、以公平为导向的韧性规划。

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引用次数: 0

Public support for urban heat resilience: Preferences and willingness to pay for mitigation strategies in Singapore 公众对城市热恢复能力的支持：新加坡的偏好和意愿

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107110

Natalia Borzino , Samuel Chng , Renate Schubert

As cities across the globe grapple with rising temperatures, understanding public preferences for urban heat mitigation strategies is vital for building climate-resilient, citizen-centred urban environments. This study investigates Singaporean citizens’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for five urban heat mitigation measures—covered sidewalks, urban parks, electric vehicles, shaded plazas, and district cooling—across two contrasting districts: the residential neighbourhood of Punggol and the Central Business District (CBD). Based on a survey of 1870 residents (940 CBD and 930 Punggol), findings reveal a strong public preference for vegetative solutions, particularly covered sidewalks and urban parks, highlighting the perceived value of green infrastructure in mitigating urban heat stress. District-level differences emerged, with Punggol residents favouring shaded plazas and CBD respondents prioritizing district cooling, reflecting diverse urban needs and demographic profiles. WTP analysis demonstrated broad financial support across all five strategies, with the highest WTP observed for electric vehicles in Punggol and shaded plazas in the CBD. An extrapolated estimate suggests a potential annual societal WTP of SGD$102.8 million, underscoring the population’s readiness to invest in urban heat adaptation and sustainable futures. Socio-demographic, psychological, and behavioural predictors—such as age, education, health, presence of children, awareness of urban heat risks, attitudes towards heat mitigation, and outdoor preferences—were significantly associated with higher WTP, reinforcing the importance of targeted communication and socially inclusive engagement strategies. The findings also show that public preferences align closely with neighbourhood characteristics, underscoring the importance of integrating social and spatial dimensions into climate adaptation planning. The study provides critical insights for policymakers, advocating for a blended, place-based approach that combines nature-based and technological solutions, while emphasizing the role of participatory planning. By centring public preferences, this research contributes to the operationalization of urban resilience strategies in the face of escalating climate risks, and supports the development of equitable, adaptive, and sustainable cities.

随着全球各地的城市都在努力应对气温上升，了解公众对城市减热战略的偏好对于建设气候适应型、以市民为中心的城市环境至关重要。本研究调查了新加坡公民对五种城市热缓解措施的偏好和支付意愿(WTP) -覆盖人行道，城市公园，电动汽车，阴凉广场和区域冷却-跨越两个截然不同的地区：Punggol居民区和中央商务区（CBD）。根据对1870名居民（CBD 940和Punggol 930）的调查，结果显示公众对植物解决方案的强烈偏好，特别是有盖人行道和城市公园，突出了绿色基础设施在缓解城市热压力方面的感知价值。地区层面的差异出现了，榜鹅的居民喜欢阴凉的广场，而CBD的受访者优先考虑区域制冷，反映了不同的城市需求和人口特征。WTP分析显示，所有五种策略都得到了广泛的财政支持，榜鹅和CBD荫蔽广场的电动汽车WTP最高。外推的估计表明，潜在的年度社会WTP为1.028亿新元，强调了人们愿意投资于城市热适应和可持续未来。社会人口统计学、心理和行为预测指标——如年龄、教育程度、健康状况、是否有儿童、对城市热风险的认识、对减热的态度和户外偏好——与较高的WTP显著相关，这加强了有针对性的沟通和社会包容性参与战略的重要性。研究结果还表明，公众偏好与社区特征密切相关，强调了将社会和空间维度纳入气候适应规划的重要性。该研究为政策制定者提供了重要的见解，倡导一种混合的、基于地点的方法，将基于自然和技术的解决方案结合起来，同时强调参与式规划的作用。通过集中公众偏好，本研究有助于在气候风险不断升级的情况下实施城市韧性战略，并支持公平、适应性和可持续城市的发展。

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