Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第7页

CFD simulation of mixed convection and pollutant dispersion in street canyons: A comparative assessment of LES, RANS, and SAS 街道峡谷中混合对流和污染物扩散的CFD模拟：LES、RANS和SAS的比较评估

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107126

Weiheng Liang, Xing Zheng

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a crucial technique for investigating urban wind and thermal environments. However, a clear understanding of the performance of different CFD approaches for wind and buoyancy-driven conditions in urban canyons remains lacking. This study systematically evaluates the performance of various CFD approaches for a street canyon with heated walls by comparing them with wind tunnel experimental data. The CFD approaches include three Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models: the standard

k

–

ɛ

(SKE), the realizable

k

–

ɛ

(RKE), and the shear stress transport

k

–

ω

model (SST); scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) with Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers less than 1 (SAS-CFL1) and 20 (SASCFL20); and large eddy simulation (LES). CFD simulation results for velocity, air temperature, and pollutant concentration are validated against WT measurement data. The findings indicate that the LES simulation achieves the highest accuracy across all flow variables evaluated, with normalized mean square error (

N M S E

) values of 0.15 for velocity, 0.12 for temperature, and 0.64 for pollutant concentration. Although the two SAS simulations exhibit slightly lower accuracy than LES, they maintain similar and satisfactory performance, with the SAS-CFL20 yielding

N M S E

values of 0.16 for velocity, 0.26 for air temperature, and 0.90 for pollutant concentration. The three RANS models, however, exhibit significant inaccuracies, with the SKE model yielding

N M S E

values of 0.47 for velocity, 0.41 for temperature, and 2.04 for pollutant concentration. These inaccuracies are primarily due to the overestimation of buoyancy effects near heated walls, which notably enlarges the thermal-induced vortex and subsequently altering flow directions near the pollutant emission source. Among the evaluated CFD approaches, the SAS-CFL20 is approximately 15 times faster than the LES, presenting a favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of the SAS-CFL20 for practical applications in future urban thermal environment studies.

计算流体力学（CFD）是研究城市风热环境的一项重要技术。然而，对于不同CFD方法在城市峡谷中风和浮力驱动条件下的性能，人们仍然缺乏清晰的认识。本文通过与风洞实验数据的比较，系统地评估了不同CFD方法在带加热壁的街道峡谷中的性能。CFD方法包括三种reynolds -average Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型：标准k - ε (SKE)、可实现k - ε (RKE)和剪切应力输运k - ω模型（SST）；CFL数小于1 （SAS- cfl1）和20 （SASCFL20）的尺度自适应模拟（SAS）；和大涡模拟（LES）。CFD模拟速度、空气温度和污染物浓度的结果与WT测量数据进行了验证。研究结果表明，LES模拟在所有评估的流量变量中都达到了最高的精度，流速的归一化均方误差（NMSE）为0.15，温度为0.12，污染物浓度为0.64。尽管两种SAS模拟的精度略低于LES，但它们保持了相似且令人满意的性能，SAS- cfl20对速度的NMSE值为0.16，对气温的NMSE值为0.26，对污染物浓度的NMSE值为0.90。然而，三个RANS模型表现出明显的不准确性，其中SKE模型的速度NMSE值为0.47，温度NMSE值为0.41，污染物浓度NMSE值为2.04。这些不准确性主要是由于对热壁附近浮力效应的高估，这明显地扩大了热诱导涡，并随后改变了污染物排放源附近的流动方向。在所评估的CFD方法中，SAS-CFL20比LES快约15倍，在精度和计算效率之间取得了良好的平衡。这些发现突出了SAS-CFL20在未来城市热环境研究中的实际应用潜力。

{"title":"CFD simulation of mixed convection and pollutant dispersion in street canyons: A comparative assessment of LES, RANS, and SAS","authors":"Weiheng Liang, Xing Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a crucial technique for investigating urban wind and thermal environments. However, a clear understanding of the performance of different CFD approaches for wind and buoyancy-driven conditions in urban canyons remains lacking. This study systematically evaluates the performance of various CFD approaches for a street canyon with heated walls by comparing them with wind tunnel experimental data. The CFD approaches include three Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models: the standard <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>ɛ</mi></math></span> (SKE), the realizable <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>ɛ</mi></math></span> (RKE), and the shear stress transport <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>–<span><math><mi>ω</mi></math></span> model (SST); scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) with Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers less than 1 (SAS-CFL1) and 20 (SASCFL20); and large eddy simulation (LES). CFD simulation results for velocity, air temperature, and pollutant concentration are validated against WT measurement data. The findings indicate that the LES simulation achieves the highest accuracy across all flow variables evaluated, with normalized mean square error (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span>) values of 0.15 for velocity, 0.12 for temperature, and 0.64 for pollutant concentration. Although the two SAS simulations exhibit slightly lower accuracy than LES, they maintain similar and satisfactory performance, with the SAS-CFL20 yielding <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span> values of 0.16 for velocity, 0.26 for air temperature, and 0.90 for pollutant concentration. The three RANS models, however, exhibit significant inaccuracies, with the SKE model yielding <span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>M</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></math></span> values of 0.47 for velocity, 0.41 for temperature, and 2.04 for pollutant concentration. These inaccuracies are primarily due to the overestimation of buoyancy effects near heated walls, which notably enlarges the thermal-induced vortex and subsequently altering flow directions near the pollutant emission source. Among the evaluated CFD approaches, the SAS-CFL20 is approximately 15 times faster than the LES, presenting a favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of the SAS-CFL20 for practical applications in future urban thermal environment studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 107126"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level of an actual urban morphology: Statistical correlation and space-time evolution 一个实际城市形态中行人层面的极端风事件：统计相关性和时空演化

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107121

Wei Wang, Yezhan Li, Naoki Ikegaya

Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level in urban areas pose significant safety risks. While most previous studies have emphasized the statistical (“static”) aspect, the parameters that best characterize extreme values remain unclear, and few have explored their spatiotemporal (“dynamic”) evolution. To address these gaps, this study investigates both aspects using large-eddy simulation (LES) within a realistic urban morphology. The analysis integrates statistical correlations with spatiotemporal evolution to provide a comprehensive understanding of extreme winds in complex urban environments. Correlation results show that skewness has the strongest relationship with gust and peak factors, underscoring its potential for improving statistical models. Higher-order moments (up to the sixth) are mainly positively correlated with gust and peak factors, but their weak or moderate association with exceedance wind speed suggests that extreme events are mainly governed by the combined effects of mean flow and standard deviation, rather than gust or peak factors alone. Turbulence measures such as integral time scale, and peak frequency exhibit only marginal links to extremes. The spatiotemporal evolution is examined through conditional space–time proper orthogonal decomposition (CST-POD). Although the first CST-POD mode aligns well with conditional averages, over 75% of the energy resides in higher modes. Reconstructing weaker events requires multiple modes, particularly in sheltered regions, whereas dominant low-order modes near tall buildings allow accurate reconstruction with fewer modes. This study advances understanding of extreme winds by integrating statistical and dynamical perspectives, offering insights for improved urban wind risk assessment.

城市地区行人层面的极端大风事件带来了重大的安全风险。虽然大多数先前的研究都强调统计（“静态”）方面，但最能表征极端值的参数仍然不清楚，很少有人探索它们的时空（“动态”）演变。为了解决这些差距，本研究在现实的城市形态中使用大涡模拟（LES）来研究这两个方面。该分析将统计相关性与时空演变相结合，提供了对复杂城市环境中极端风的全面理解。相关结果表明，偏度与阵风和峰值因子的关系最强，强调了其改进统计模型的潜力。高阶矩（至6阶矩）主要与阵风和峰值因子呈正相关，但与超速风速的相关性较弱或中等，表明极端事件主要受平均流量和标准差的综合影响，而不是单独受阵风或峰值因子的影响。湍流测量，如积分时间尺度和峰值频率，只显示出与极端情况的边际联系。通过条件时空固有正交分解（CST-POD）来考察时空演化。尽管第一个CST-POD模态与条件平均模态吻合得很好，但超过75%的能量存在于更高模态。重建较弱的事件需要多种模式，特别是在有遮蔽的地区，而高层建筑附近的主要低阶模式允许用更少的模式进行精确的重建。本研究通过整合统计和动力学的观点，促进了对极端风的理解，为改进城市风风险评估提供了见解。

{"title":"Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level of an actual urban morphology: Statistical correlation and space-time evolution","authors":"Wei Wang, Yezhan Li, Naoki Ikegaya","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level in urban areas pose significant safety risks. While most previous studies have emphasized the statistical (“static”) aspect, the parameters that best characterize extreme values remain unclear, and few have explored their spatiotemporal (“dynamic”) evolution. To address these gaps, this study investigates both aspects using large-eddy simulation (LES) within a realistic urban morphology. The analysis integrates statistical correlations with spatiotemporal evolution to provide a comprehensive understanding of extreme winds in complex urban environments. Correlation results show that skewness has the strongest relationship with gust and peak factors, underscoring its potential for improving statistical models. Higher-order moments (up to the sixth) are mainly positively correlated with gust and peak factors, but their weak or moderate association with exceedance wind speed suggests that extreme events are mainly governed by the combined effects of mean flow and standard deviation, rather than gust or peak factors alone. Turbulence measures such as integral time scale, and peak frequency exhibit only marginal links to extremes. The spatiotemporal evolution is examined through conditional space–time proper orthogonal decomposition (CST-POD). Although the first CST-POD mode aligns well with conditional averages, over 75% of the energy resides in higher modes. Reconstructing weaker events requires multiple modes, particularly in sheltered regions, whereas dominant low-order modes near tall buildings allow accurate reconstruction with fewer modes. This study advances understanding of extreme winds by integrating statistical and dynamical perspectives, offering insights for improved urban wind risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107121"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ensuring reliable district heating systems: Identifying critical components under independent and cascading failure scenarios 确保可靠的区域供热系统：在独立和级联故障情况下识别关键部件

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107118

Ding Mao , Sai Xu , Jay Wang , Linhua Shen , Wei He

Urban district heating systems are vital infrastructures of sustainable cities, providing efficient and centralized thermal energy to residential and industrial users. However, these systems consist of numerous interdependent components that are prone to faults, which can disrupt heat supply and compromise service reliability. Identifying critical components to maintain system stability is crucial for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of urban energy infrastructure. Critical components are generally determined by evaluating the consequences of failures, which involves simulating all possible fault scenarios, a process that is computationally expensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a comprehensive component importance identification framework. This framework incorporates two methods: the Importance Calculation Method (ICM), which operates under normal system conditions, and the Failure-Simulation-Based Method (FSM), which simulates failure consequences. These methods evaluate component criticality under both independent and cascading failure scenarios, incorporating topological and functional perspectives. To validate the proposed framework, gridded heating system models of varying scales, comprising 4-, 9-, 16-, and 25-node configurations, were developed. Applying the framework to these models revealed a strong correlation between ICM and FSM results: the topological importance index in ICM showed a high correlation with FSM’s functional consequence indices (ρ > 0.75), while the functional importance indices achieved even higher correlations (ρ = 0.94–0.97). Finally, the framework was applied to a real-world district heating system in China, where it successfully identified critical pipes and demonstrated the effectiveness and practical value of the proposed ICM through comparison with traditional fault-simulation-based methods.

城市区域供热系统是可持续城市的重要基础设施，为住宅和工业用户提供高效和集中的热能。然而，这些系统由许多相互依赖的组件组成，这些组件容易发生故障，这可能会中断供热并降低服务可靠性。确定维持系统稳定的关键组成部分对于增强城市能源基础设施的韧性和可持续性至关重要。关键组件通常是通过评估故障的后果来确定的，这涉及到模拟所有可能的故障场景，这是一个计算成本高且耗时的过程。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一个全面的组件重要性识别框架。该框架包含两种方法：在正常系统条件下运行的重要性计算方法（ICM）和模拟故障后果的基于故障模拟的方法（FSM）。这些方法在独立故障和级联故障两种情况下评估组件的临界性，并结合拓扑和功能观点。为了验证提出的框架，开发了不同规模的网格加热系统模型，包括4、9、16和25个节点配置。将该框架应用于这些模型，发现ICM与FSM结果之间存在很强的相关性：ICM中的拓扑重要性指数与FSM的功能后果指数高度相关（ρ > 0.75），而功能重要性指数的相关性更高（ρ = 0.94-0.97）。最后，将该框架应用于中国的实际区域供热系统，通过与传统的基于故障模拟的方法进行比较，成功地识别了关键管道，并证明了所提出的ICM的有效性和实用价值。

{"title":"Ensuring reliable district heating systems: Identifying critical components under independent and cascading failure scenarios","authors":"Ding Mao , Sai Xu , Jay Wang , Linhua Shen , Wei He","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban district heating systems are vital infrastructures of sustainable cities, providing efficient and centralized thermal energy to residential and industrial users. However, these systems consist of numerous interdependent components that are prone to faults, which can disrupt heat supply and compromise service reliability. Identifying critical components to maintain system stability is crucial for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of urban energy infrastructure. Critical components are generally determined by evaluating the consequences of failures, which involves simulating all possible fault scenarios, a process that is computationally expensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a comprehensive component importance identification framework. This framework incorporates two methods: the Importance Calculation Method (ICM), which operates under normal system conditions, and the Failure-Simulation-Based Method (FSM), which simulates failure consequences. These methods evaluate component criticality under both independent and cascading failure scenarios, incorporating topological and functional perspectives. To validate the proposed framework, gridded heating system models of varying scales, comprising 4-, 9-, 16-, and 25-node configurations, were developed. Applying the framework to these models revealed a strong correlation between ICM and FSM results: the topological importance index in ICM showed a high correlation with FSM’s functional consequence indices (<em>ρ</em> > 0.75), while the functional importance indices achieved even higher correlations (<em>ρ</em> = 0.94–0.97). Finally, the framework was applied to a real-world district heating system in China, where it successfully identified critical pipes and demonstrated the effectiveness and practical value of the proposed ICM through comparison with traditional fault-simulation-based methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107118"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achieving sustainable development in coastal cities: Exploring the synergies between urban resilience and high-quality development 实现沿海城市可持续发展：探索城市韧性与高质量发展的协同效应

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107112

Tian Jing , Huihui Wang , Yunsong Yang , Yemin Jin , Weijun Yu , Yuhao Zhong

Coastal cities play a pivotal role in national economic growth and regional development, yet they are increasingly challenged by climate change, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation. Balancing urban resilience (UR)―the capacity to withstand and adapt to shocks-with high-quality development (HQD)―the pursuit of sustainable, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth-has become a critical issue in achieving long-term coastal sustainability. This study proposes an integrated methodological framework that combines multi-dimensional evaluation, coupling coordination (CCD) modeling, and spatiotemporal regression analysis to quantitatively assess and interpret the dynamic interactions between UR and HQD in 55 Chinese coastal cities from 2010 to 2020, revealing their spatial heterogeneity, temporal evolution, and key driving mechanisms. Furthermore, a complex network analysis is employed on the UR–HQD coordination system to identify structural linkages and evolutionary patterns of their synergistic interaction over time. The results reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the UR-HQD coordination degree, with the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta showing stable and high levels of synergy, while northern and southeastern coastal areas remain relatively weak. The overall coupling level has improved over time but still reflects persistent regional disparities. Green infrastructure investment, urbanization rate, and healthcare coverage emerged as key drivers enhancing synergy, whereas excessive resource dependence and ecological pressure hindered balanced development. The network analysis reveals an optimization of internal linkages toward more adaptive structures, characterized by a trade-off where rising modularity and local transitivity improve cluster robustness while reducing global integration efficiency. These findings offer empirical insights into the dynamic co-evolution of resilience and development and provide a reference for adaptive governance and coordinated policy design in coastal urban transformation.

沿海城市在国家经济增长和区域发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但也日益受到气候变化、快速城市化和环境恶化的挑战。平衡城市韧性（UR）——抵御和适应冲击的能力——与高质量发展（HQD）——追求可持续、包容和创新驱动的增长——已经成为实现沿海长期可持续发展的关键问题。本文采用多维评价、耦合协调（CCD）建模和时空回归分析相结合的综合方法框架，定量评价和解释了2010 - 2020年中国55个沿海城市城市开放度与城市开放度的动态相互作用，揭示了城市开放度与城市开放度的空间异质性、时间演化特征及其关键驱动机制。此外，对UR-HQD协调系统进行了复杂网络分析，以确定其协同作用的结构联系及其随时间的演化模式。结果表明：长江三角洲与珠江三角洲协同程度具有明显的空间异质性，长三角和珠三角协同程度稳定且较高，而北部和东南沿海地区协同程度相对较弱；随着时间的推移，整体耦合水平有所提高，但仍反映出持续的地区差异。绿色基础设施投资、城镇化率、医疗覆盖率成为增强协同效应的关键驱动因素，过度的资源依赖和生态压力阻碍了协调发展。网络分析揭示了一种面向更适应性结构的内部联系优化，其特点是在提高模块化和局部传递性的同时提高集群鲁棒性，同时降低全局集成效率。这些研究结果为弹性与发展的动态协同演化提供了实证见解，并为沿海城市转型中的适应性治理和协调政策设计提供了参考。

{"title":"Achieving sustainable development in coastal cities: Exploring the synergies between urban resilience and high-quality development","authors":"Tian Jing , Huihui Wang , Yunsong Yang , Yemin Jin , Weijun Yu , Yuhao Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coastal cities play a pivotal role in national economic growth and regional development, yet they are increasingly challenged by climate change, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation. Balancing urban resilience (UR)―the capacity to withstand and adapt to shocks-with high-quality development (HQD)―the pursuit of sustainable, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth-has become a critical issue in achieving long-term coastal sustainability. This study proposes an integrated methodological framework that combines multi-dimensional evaluation, coupling coordination (CCD) modeling, and spatiotemporal regression analysis to quantitatively assess and interpret the dynamic interactions between UR and HQD in 55 Chinese coastal cities from 2010 to 2020, revealing their spatial heterogeneity, temporal evolution, and key driving mechanisms. Furthermore, a complex network analysis is employed on the UR–HQD coordination system to identify structural linkages and evolutionary patterns of their synergistic interaction over time. The results reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the UR-HQD coordination degree, with the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta showing stable and high levels of synergy, while northern and southeastern coastal areas remain relatively weak. The overall coupling level has improved over time but still reflects persistent regional disparities. Green infrastructure investment, urbanization rate, and healthcare coverage emerged as key drivers enhancing synergy, whereas excessive resource dependence and ecological pressure hindered balanced development. The network analysis reveals an optimization of internal linkages toward more adaptive structures, characterized by a trade-off where rising modularity and local transitivity improve cluster robustness while reducing global integration efficiency. These findings offer empirical insights into the dynamic co-evolution of resilience and development and provide a reference for adaptive governance and coordinated policy design in coastal urban transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107112"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

BIKE (Bicycle Integration Key Elements) Index: Benchmarking urban bikeability and cycling readiness. Evidences from European capitals BIKE（自行车集成关键要素）指数：对城市自行车可骑行性和骑行准备进行基准测试。来自欧洲各国首都的证据

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107096

Alejandro Quintero Gómez, Pablo Calvo-Bascones

This study introduces the BIKE Index, a multi-dimensional and reproducible framework for evaluating urban cycling conditions across cities, developed in response to the lack of standardized tools for assessing bikeability in urban areas. The index integrates four key dimensions into a composite score: Cycling Infrastructure, Cyclist Services, Environmental Constraints, and Safety and Street Quality. The dimensions are derived from open data sources, and consistent geospatial methods, including urban perimeters derived from Local Administrative Units and a standardized set of 210 cycling routes per city.

The methodology is applied to thirteen European capital cities using harmonized data from OpenStreetMap, OpenRouteService, Eurostat, Google maps, and E-OBS climate datasets. The results reveal significant disparities in cycling conditions, with scores ranging from Amsterdam (best) to Rome (worst). While infrastructure emerges as the primary differentiator, services, environmental factors, and safety also play critical roles. These findings suggest that creating cycling-friendly cities requires coordinated progress across all four dimensions. The BIKE Index offers a transparent and scalable methodology for benchmarking cycling conditions, enabling consistent comparisons and supporting evidence-based planning and policy making strategies.

本研究引入了BIKE指数，这是一个多维度的、可复制的框架，用于评估各城市的城市自行车状况，是针对缺乏评估城市地区自行车可骑性的标准化工具而开发的。该指数将四个关键维度整合为综合得分：自行车基础设施、骑行者服务、环境约束、安全和街道质量。这些维度来自开放数据源和一致的地理空间方法，包括来自地方行政单位的城市周长和每个城市210条自行车路线的标准化集合。该方法使用来自OpenStreetMap、OpenRouteService、Eurostat、谷歌地图和E-OBS气候数据集的统一数据应用于13个欧洲首都。结果显示了骑车条件的显著差异，得分从阿姆斯特丹（最好）到罗马（最差）不等。虽然基础设施是主要的差异化因素，但服务、环境因素和安全也发挥着关键作用。这些发现表明，创建自行车友好型城市需要在所有四个方面协调进展。自行车指数提供了一种透明和可扩展的方法，用于对骑行条件进行基准测试，实现一致的比较，并支持基于证据的规划和政策制定战略。

{"title":"BIKE (Bicycle Integration Key Elements) Index: Benchmarking urban bikeability and cycling readiness. Evidences from European capitals","authors":"Alejandro Quintero Gómez, Pablo Calvo-Bascones","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the BIKE Index, a multi-dimensional and reproducible framework for evaluating urban cycling conditions across cities, developed in response to the lack of standardized tools for assessing bikeability in urban areas. The index integrates four key dimensions into a composite score: Cycling Infrastructure, Cyclist Services, Environmental Constraints, and Safety and Street Quality. The dimensions are derived from open data sources, and consistent geospatial methods, including urban perimeters derived from Local Administrative Units and a standardized set of 210 cycling routes per city.</div><div>The methodology is applied to thirteen European capital cities using harmonized data from OpenStreetMap, OpenRouteService, Eurostat, Google maps, and E-OBS climate datasets. The results reveal significant disparities in cycling conditions, with scores ranging from Amsterdam (best) to Rome (worst). While infrastructure emerges as the primary differentiator, services, environmental factors, and safety also play critical roles. These findings suggest that creating cycling-friendly cities requires coordinated progress across all four dimensions. The BIKE Index offers a transparent and scalable methodology for benchmarking cycling conditions, enabling consistent comparisons and supporting evidence-based planning and policy making strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107096"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A network-based framework for cost-effective Green–Grey retrofitting of urban drainage systems 基于网络的高效绿灰城市排水系统改造框架

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107101

Ge Yang , Bowei Zeng , Wenjie Chen , Guoru Huang

Urban drainage retrofitting is often constrained by limited understanding of where and why subsystems fail. This study presents a network-based framework that links hydraulic diagnosis with cost-effective intervention planning. Using graph-based community detection, the drainage system was partitioned into 123 Urban Hydrological Response Units, enabling subsystem-scale assessment of pressure–capacity imbalance. Results show that only 9% of the network generated 83% of overflow (Gini = 0.65), a pattern stable across 5-, 20-, and 50-year storms. The Pressure–Capacity Index revealed two dominant failure mechanisms—impervious-driven runoff (71%) and upstream accumulation (28%). Evaluation of 45 retrofit scenarios showed that targeting upstream-loaded areas reduced unit costs by 52.5% compared with uniform deployment (0.68 vs. 1.43

\times 1 0^{4}

CNY m⁻³ for 20-year storms). Grey upgrades were the most economical (0.30–0.90

\times 1 0^{4}

CNY m⁻³), outperforming green and hybrid measures by factors of 9–15. Function-oriented strategies maintained higher resilience under intensified storms (9–15% performance loss) than hotspot-based approaches (35–45%). Pareto analysis identified diminishing returns beyond a 44-million-CNY investment for system-wide grey upgrades, whereas targeted interventions required only 20.08 million CNY to achieve comparable benefits. Relying solely on standard municipal datasets, the proposed framework enables cities to diagnose network vulnerabilities and design phased, mechanism-based retrofitting pathways under climate-exacerbated rainfall extremes.

城市排水系统的改造常常受到子系统在哪里失效以及为什么失效的有限理解的制约。本研究提出了一个基于网络的框架，将水力诊断与具有成本效益的干预计划联系起来。利用基于图的社区检测，将排水系统划分为123个城市水文响应单元，实现了子系统尺度的压力-容量不平衡评估。结果表明，只有9%的网络产生了83%的溢出（基尼系数= 0.65），这种模式在5年、20年和50年的风暴中都是稳定的。压力-容量指数揭示了两种主要的破坏机制——不透水驱动的径流（71%）和上游积累（28%）。对45种改造方案的评估表明，与统一部署相比，以上游负荷区域为目标的改造方案可降低52.5%的单位成本（0.68 vs 1.43×104 CNY m- 3）。灰色升级是最经济的（0.30-0.90×104 CNY m−3），以9-15的因子优于绿色和混合措施。功能导向策略比基于热点的策略（35-45%）在强风暴下保持更高的弹性（9-15%的性能损失）。帕累托分析发现，投资4400万元用于全系统灰色升级后，收益会逐渐减少，而有针对性的干预措施只需要2008万元就能实现类似的效益。仅依靠标准的市政数据集，拟议的框架使城市能够诊断网络脆弱性，并在气候加剧的极端降雨下设计分阶段、基于机制的改造途径。

{"title":"A network-based framework for cost-effective Green–Grey retrofitting of urban drainage systems","authors":"Ge Yang , Bowei Zeng , Wenjie Chen , Guoru Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban drainage retrofitting is often constrained by limited understanding of where and why subsystems fail. This study presents a network-based framework that links hydraulic diagnosis with cost-effective intervention planning. Using graph-based community detection, the drainage system was partitioned into 123 Urban Hydrological Response Units, enabling subsystem-scale assessment of pressure–capacity imbalance. Results show that only 9% of the network generated 83% of overflow (Gini = 0.65), a pattern stable across 5-, 20-, and 50-year storms. The Pressure–Capacity Index revealed two dominant failure mechanisms—impervious-driven runoff (71%) and upstream accumulation (28%). Evaluation of 45 retrofit scenarios showed that targeting upstream-loaded areas reduced unit costs by 52.5% compared with uniform deployment (0.68 vs. 1.43<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> CNYm<sup>−3</sup> for 20-year storms). Grey upgrades were the most economical (0.30–0.90<span><math><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> CNYm<sup>−3</sup>), outperforming green and hybrid measures by factors of 9–15. Function-oriented strategies maintained higher resilience under intensified storms (9–15% performance loss) than hotspot-based approaches (35–45%). Pareto analysis identified diminishing returns beyond a 44-million-CNY investment for system-wide grey upgrades, whereas targeted interventions required only 20.08 million CNY to achieve comparable benefits. Relying solely on standard municipal datasets, the proposed framework enables cities to diagnose network vulnerabilities and design phased, mechanism-based retrofitting pathways under climate-exacerbated rainfall extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107101"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring micro-environmental conditions of urban agrivoltaics: Advancing sustainable green spaces and agriculture in temperate cities 探索城市农电的微环境条件：推进温带城市的可持续绿色空间和农业

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107091

Caroline Merheb , Joshua S. Caplan , Cara Rydzewski , Pralad Phuyal , Jordan Macknick , Nicholas Davatzes , Sujith Ravi

Agrivoltaics, the integrated land use combining renewable energy production and agriculture, can potentially address key challenges faced by urban communities, including limited access to vacant land, fresh produce, and electricity. However, urban agrivoltaics has rarely been considered a viable solution, primarily due to a lack of experimental systems demonstrating the functionality of urban food production or green spaces alongside solar energy production. To evaluate the potential of solar photovoltaics to help mitigate heat stress on urban agriculture and green spaces in a temperate climate, we examined the microclimatic changes introduced by an urban agrivoltaics system (UrAV) when combined with vegetable crops and turfgrass, respectively. Accordingly, we installed an experimental setup instrumented with environmental sensors to compare full-sun conditions with those of an agrivoltaics system designed for urban environments. We found minimal differences for both land cover types between the control and agrivoltaics sites in air and soil temperature. However, during periods of intensified summer heat, temperatures beneath the panels cooled due to reductions in wind speed and relative humidity, which impeded the movement of hot, moist air and reduced reference evapotranspiration. Further, soil moisture in UrAV was highly spatially heterogeneous, influenced by the layout of the photovoltaic panels and their support structure, which redistributed rainfall and controlled where solar radiation could penetrate and drive evapotranspiration. Overall, our results suggest that PV-induced environmental changes in temperate climates are compatible with cultivating turfgrass or appropriate crops. These findings can help planners and designers integrate agrivoltaics into community gardens, farms, and green spaces in temperate cities.

农业发电是将可再生能源生产与农业相结合的综合土地利用，可以潜在地解决城市社区面临的关键挑战，包括获得空地、新鲜农产品和电力的机会有限。然而，城市农业发电很少被认为是一个可行的解决方案，主要是因为缺乏实验系统来证明城市食品生产或绿色空间与太阳能生产的功能。为了评估太阳能光伏发电在温带气候下帮助缓解城市农业和绿色空间热应激的潜力，我们分别研究了城市农业光伏系统（UrAV）与蔬菜作物和草坪草相结合时带来的小气候变化。因此，我们安装了一个装有环境传感器的实验装置，以比较全日照条件和为城市环境设计的农业发电系统的条件。我们发现，两种土地覆盖类型在控制区和农业发电区之间的空气和土壤温度差异很小。然而，在夏季高温加剧期间，由于风速和相对湿度的降低，面板下的温度下降，这阻碍了湿热空气的流动，减少了参考蒸散量。此外，受光伏板布局及其支撑结构的影响，UrAV的土壤湿度具有高度的空间异质性，从而重新分配降雨，控制太阳辐射穿透和驱动蒸散发的位置。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，在温带气候下，pv引起的环境变化与种植草坪草或适当的作物是相容的。这些发现可以帮助规划者和设计师在温带城市将农业发电整合到社区花园、农场和绿色空间中。

{"title":"Exploring micro-environmental conditions of urban agrivoltaics: Advancing sustainable green spaces and agriculture in temperate cities","authors":"Caroline Merheb , Joshua S. Caplan , Cara Rydzewski , Pralad Phuyal , Jordan Macknick , Nicholas Davatzes , Sujith Ravi","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agrivoltaics, the integrated land use combining renewable energy production and agriculture, can potentially address key challenges faced by urban communities, including limited access to vacant land, fresh produce, and electricity. However, urban agrivoltaics has rarely been considered a viable solution, primarily due to a lack of experimental systems demonstrating the functionality of urban food production or green spaces alongside solar energy production. To evaluate the potential of solar photovoltaics to help mitigate heat stress on urban agriculture and green spaces in a temperate climate, we examined the microclimatic changes introduced by an urban agrivoltaics system (UrAV) when combined with vegetable crops and turfgrass, respectively. Accordingly, we installed an experimental setup instrumented with environmental sensors to compare full-sun conditions with those of an agrivoltaics system designed for urban environments. We found minimal differences for both land cover types between the control and agrivoltaics sites in air and soil temperature. However, during periods of intensified summer heat, temperatures beneath the panels cooled due to reductions in wind speed and relative humidity, which impeded the movement of hot, moist air and reduced reference evapotranspiration. Further, soil moisture in UrAV was highly spatially heterogeneous, influenced by the layout of the photovoltaic panels and their support structure, which redistributed rainfall and controlled where solar radiation could penetrate and drive evapotranspiration. Overall, our results suggest that PV-induced environmental changes in temperate climates are compatible with cultivating turfgrass or appropriate crops. These findings can help planners and designers integrate agrivoltaics into community gardens, farms, and green spaces in temperate cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107091"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat-resilient neighborhoods: Design tool for arid cities 耐热社区：干旱城市的设计工具

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107093

María Belén Sosa , Erica Correa

This work explores the critical role of urban planning and design in creating heat-resilient neighborhoods in arid cities. As global warming intensifies, cities in hot and arid regions face increasingly extreme temperatures that pose significant challenges to public health, infrastructure, and overall quality of life. The study examines a range of design strategies that urban planners can use to mitigate heat stress and increase resilience in these environments. Focusing on the development of a user-friendly design tool, the study offers practical solutions to help neighborhoods adapt to arid climates while improving thermal livability. The tool emphasizes heat-reducing urban planning strategies by quantifying the impact of feasible interventions to achieve efficient and sustainable neighborhood designs. The study was conducted in Mendoza - Argentina, an arid city in South America. The methodology included: (i) in-situ microclimate monitoring campaigns, (ii) simulation of 128 scenarios using Envi-MET software, (iii) development of statistical models, and (iv) development of the FORMA3T tool. The application of urban cooling design tools provides a responsible approach to planning that ensures the resilience of neighborhoods in arid cities. By providing data-driven and context solutions, this tool enables urban designers to make informed decisions that mitigate heat stress, improve quality of life, and promote long-term environmental sustainability.

这项工作探讨了城市规划和设计在干旱城市中创造耐热社区的关键作用。随着全球变暖加剧，炎热和干旱地区的城市面临越来越极端的温度，这对公共卫生、基础设施和整体生活质量构成了重大挑战。该研究考察了城市规划者可以使用的一系列设计策略，以减轻热应激并增加这些环境的恢复能力。该研究的重点是开发一种用户友好的设计工具，提供实用的解决方案，帮助社区适应干旱气候，同时提高热宜居性。该工具通过量化可行干预措施的影响来强调减少热量的城市规划策略，以实现高效和可持续的社区设计。这项研究是在阿根廷门多萨进行的，这是南美洲一个干旱的城市。方法包括：(i)现场小气候监测活动，（ii）使用Envi-MET软件模拟128种情景，（iii）开发统计模型，以及（iv）开发FORMA3T工具。城市冷却设计工具的应用提供了一种负责任的规划方法，确保干旱城市社区的弹性。通过提供数据驱动和环境解决方案，该工具使城市设计师能够做出明智的决策，减轻热压力，提高生活质量，促进长期的环境可持续性。

{"title":"Heat-resilient neighborhoods: Design tool for arid cities","authors":"María Belén Sosa , Erica Correa","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work explores the critical role of urban planning and design in creating heat-resilient neighborhoods in arid cities. As global warming intensifies, cities in hot and arid regions face increasingly extreme temperatures that pose significant challenges to public health, infrastructure, and overall quality of life. The study examines a range of design strategies that urban planners can use to mitigate heat stress and increase resilience in these environments. Focusing on the development of a user-friendly design tool, the study offers practical solutions to help neighborhoods adapt to arid climates while improving thermal livability. The tool emphasizes heat-reducing urban planning strategies by quantifying the impact of feasible interventions to achieve efficient and sustainable neighborhood designs. The study was conducted in Mendoza - Argentina, an arid city in South America. The methodology included: (i) <em>in-situ</em> microclimate monitoring campaigns, (ii) simulation of 128 scenarios using Envi-MET software, (iii) development of statistical models, and (iv) development of the FORMA3T tool. The application of urban cooling design tools provides a responsible approach to planning that ensures the resilience of neighborhoods in arid cities. By providing data-driven and context solutions, this tool enables urban designers to make informed decisions that mitigate heat stress, improve quality of life, and promote long-term environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107093"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urban environmental efficiency and optimization pathways in Chinese enterprises: A cross-industry analysis 中国企业城市环境效率与优化路径：一个跨行业分析

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107102

Lu Chen , Chenyang Shuai , Xi Chen , Jingran Sun , Bu Zhao

With rapid urbanization expansion, China faces urgent challenges of environmental resource overconsumption and severe pollution. While some studies have evaluated environmental efficiency at national or regional scales, few have systematically examined this efficiency across a large, diverse set of enterprises in urban areas. Addressing this gap, this study uses the Super Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model to analyze environmental efficiency across 85,327 enterprises, covering 341 cities and 18 industries in China. We comprehensively assess enterprise-level environmental efficiency and quantitatively explore industry-specific pathways for improvement. Findings indicate that overall environmental efficiency is relatively low, with significant variation across industries and cities. Benchmark enterprises are largely concentrated in eastern and northeastern China. Improving environmental efficiency for low-performing enterprises hinges on reducing resource inputs and minimizing undesirable outputs. The study highlights substantial differences in the optimization of labor, capital, environmental resources, economic output, and undesirable outputs across industries. These insights offer quantitative guidance for government and industry in formulating environmental management policies and optimizing resource allocation, supporting China’s green transition and sustainable development goals.

随着城市化的快速发展，中国面临着环境资源过度消耗和严重污染的紧迫挑战。虽然有些研究评估了国家或区域尺度上的环境效率，但很少有研究系统地审查了城市地区大量不同企业的环境效率。为了弥补这一差距，本研究采用了基于超懒测度（Super Slacks-Based Measure， SBM）模型，对中国341个城市和18个行业的85,327家企业的环境效率进行了分析。我们全面评估企业层面的环境效率，并定量探索特定行业的改进途径。研究结果表明，中国的整体环境效率相对较低，且不同行业和城市之间存在显著差异。基准企业主要集中在中国东部和东北地区。提高低绩效企业的环境效率，关键在于减少资源投入，最大限度地减少不良产出。该研究强调了不同行业在劳动力、资本、环境资源、经济产出和不良产出优化方面的巨大差异。这些见解为政府和行业制定环境管理政策和优化资源配置提供了定量指导，支持中国的绿色转型和可持续发展目标。

{"title":"Urban environmental efficiency and optimization pathways in Chinese enterprises: A cross-industry analysis","authors":"Lu Chen , Chenyang Shuai , Xi Chen , Jingran Sun , Bu Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid urbanization expansion, China faces urgent challenges of environmental resource overconsumption and severe pollution. While some studies have evaluated environmental efficiency at national or regional scales, few have systematically examined this efficiency across a large, diverse set of enterprises in urban areas. Addressing this gap, this study uses the Super Slacks-Based Measure (SBM) model to analyze environmental efficiency across 85,327 enterprises, covering 341 cities and 18 industries in China. We comprehensively assess enterprise-level environmental efficiency and quantitatively explore industry-specific pathways for improvement. Findings indicate that overall environmental efficiency is relatively low, with significant variation across industries and cities. Benchmark enterprises are largely concentrated in eastern and northeastern China. Improving environmental efficiency for low-performing enterprises hinges on reducing resource inputs and minimizing undesirable outputs. The study highlights substantial differences in the optimization of labor, capital, environmental resources, economic output, and undesirable outputs across industries. These insights offer quantitative guidance for government and industry in formulating environmental management policies and optimizing resource allocation, supporting China’s green transition and sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107102"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145885079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of building density and sky view factor on pedestrian-level wind environment in Seoul's urban street canyons 首尔城市街道峡谷中建筑密度和天空景观因素对行人风环境的影响

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107088

Seungjae Lee , Youngsang Kwon

This study quantifies how urban morphology conditions pedestrian level ventilation in Seoul’s Gangnam Business District using CFD simulated wind fields and a normalized ventilation index. Pedestrian level wind speed at 1.5 m is simulated with OpenFOAM using a steady incompressible RANS solver with the standard k epsilon closure, and ventilation performance is evaluated by the Effectiveness of Urban Ventilation(EUV), defined as the ratio of pedestrian level velocity to inflow speed. Morphological descriptors including building density within 50 m and 100 m radii, mean building height, terrain slope, and sky view factor are computed on a 2.5 m grid. To isolate context dependence, grid cells are stratified into empirical density quintiles at each spatial scale, and the SVF effect is tested within density tiers using one way ANOVA with effect size reporting and complementary robustness checks. Results show that higher density and greater mean height consistently suppress ventilation, whereas higher SVF improves ventilation across all density tiers. The SVF benefit is strongest in medium density conditions and remains meaningful even in the highest density tier, indicating that securing sky openness can improve ventilation where density reduction is infeasible. In contrast, the medium high density tier shows the weakest response to SVF alone, suggesting the need for additional form controls. The findings support density conditioned SVF guidance for ventilation oriented design and planning in compact urban corridors.

本研究利用CFD模拟风场和标准化通风指数，量化了首尔江南商业区的城市形态对行人通风的影响。使用OpenFOAM模拟1.5 m处的行人水平风速，使用标准k epsilon闭包的稳定不可压缩RANS求解器，并通过城市通风有效性（EUV）评估通风性能，EUV定义为行人水平速度与流入速度的比值。形态学描述符包括50米和100米半径内的建筑密度、平均建筑高度、地形坡度和天空景观因子在2.5米网格上计算。为了分离上下文依赖性，网格单元在每个空间尺度上被分层为经验密度五分位数，并使用具有效应大小报告和互补鲁棒性检查的单向方差分析在密度层内测试SVF效应。结果表明，较高的密度和较高的平均高度会持续抑制通风，而较高的SVF会改善所有密度层的通风。SVF的好处在中密度条件下是最强的，即使在密度最高的层也有意义，这表明在密度降低不可行的情况下，确保天空开放可以改善通风。相反，中等高密度层单独对SVF的响应最弱，这表明需要额外的表单控件。研究结果支持密度条件SVF对紧凑城市走廊通风导向设计和规划的指导。

{"title":"Impact of building density and sky view factor on pedestrian-level wind environment in Seoul's urban street canyons","authors":"Seungjae Lee , Youngsang Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2025.107088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies how urban morphology conditions pedestrian level ventilation in Seoul’s Gangnam Business District using CFD simulated wind fields and a normalized ventilation index. Pedestrian level wind speed at 1.5 m is simulated with OpenFOAM using a steady incompressible RANS solver with the standard k epsilon closure, and ventilation performance is evaluated by the Effectiveness of Urban Ventilation(EUV), defined as the ratio of pedestrian level velocity to inflow speed. Morphological descriptors including building density within 50 m and 100 m radii, mean building height, terrain slope, and sky view factor are computed on a 2.5 m grid. To isolate context dependence, grid cells are stratified into empirical density quintiles at each spatial scale, and the SVF effect is tested within density tiers using one way ANOVA with effect size reporting and complementary robustness checks. Results show that higher density and greater mean height consistently suppress ventilation, whereas higher SVF improves ventilation across all density tiers. The SVF benefit is strongest in medium density conditions and remains meaningful even in the highest density tier, indicating that securing sky openness can improve ventilation where density reduction is infeasible. In contrast, the medium high density tier shows the weakest response to SVF alone, suggesting the need for additional form controls. The findings support density conditioned SVF guidance for ventilation oriented design and planning in compact urban corridors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"136 ","pages":"Article 107088"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0