Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第7页

Multi-Hazard assessment methods for planning: A review and potential future directions 规划中的多灾害评估方法：综述和潜在的未来方向

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107136

Joungwon Kwon , Siyu Yu , Matthew Malecha , Philip Berke

Communities increasingly face multiple hazards simultaneously. However, connections between multiple hazards and urban planning processes remain underexplored. To address this gap, we reviewed the existing literature on multi-hazard assessment in urban planning. We began with 1473 articles and used topic modeling, a technique within Natural Language Processing, to refine the selection to 414 articles that were most aligned with our research focus. After manually reviewing these abstracts, we conducted a systematic review of 64 articles on multi-hazard research. Our findings reveal the predominant types of hazards assessed (e.g., flooding, wildfire), common research methods, the focus on policy—acknowledged in 67% of the articles but rarely accompanied by detailed policy analysis—and various social dimensions, including social vulnerability. We highlight the importance of considering social dimensions in multi-hazard assessments and the need for effective policy translation. To bridge the research-policy gap and improve community resilience, the study proposes a Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™ (PIRS™) for Multi-hazards methodology to identify conflicts and gaps and guide coordinated actions to strengthen resilience against multiple hazards. Connecting multi-hazard assessment and modeling with urban planning and policy is necessary to more effectively translate knowledge into practice and strengthen community resilience.

社区越来越多地同时面临多种灾害。然而，多种灾害与城市规划过程之间的联系仍未得到充分探讨。为了解决这一差距，我们回顾了城市规划中多灾害评估的现有文献。我们从1473篇文章开始，使用主题建模（自然语言处理中的一种技术）将选择细化到414篇最符合我们研究重点的文章。在人工审查这些摘要后，我们对64篇关于多危害研究的文章进行了系统的综述。我们的研究结果揭示了评估的主要危害类型（例如，洪水、野火）、常见的研究方法、对政策的关注（67%的文章承认这一点，但很少伴随详细的政策分析）以及各种社会维度，包括社会脆弱性。我们强调在多灾害评估中考虑社会层面的重要性以及有效政策转化的必要性。为了弥合研究与政策之间的差距，提高社区的复原力，本研究提出了一种针对多种灾害的复原力计分卡计划整合（PIRS™）方法，以识别冲突和差距，并指导采取协调一致的行动，加强对多种灾害的复原力。将多灾种评估和建模与城市规划和政策相结合是必要的，这样才能更有效地将知识转化为实践，增强社区抵御能力。

{"title":"Multi-Hazard assessment methods for planning: A review and potential future directions","authors":"Joungwon Kwon , Siyu Yu , Matthew Malecha , Philip Berke","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Communities increasingly face multiple hazards simultaneously. However, connections between multiple hazards and urban planning processes remain underexplored. To address this gap, we reviewed the existing literature on multi-hazard assessment in urban planning. We began with 1473 articles and used topic modeling, a technique within Natural Language Processing, to refine the selection to 414 articles that were most aligned with our research focus. After manually reviewing these abstracts, we conducted a systematic review of 64 articles on multi-hazard research. Our findings reveal the predominant types of hazards assessed (e.g., flooding, wildfire), common research methods, the focus on policy—acknowledged in 67% of the articles but rarely accompanied by detailed policy analysis—and various social dimensions, including social vulnerability. We highlight the importance of considering social dimensions in multi-hazard assessments and the need for effective policy translation. To bridge the research-policy gap and improve community resilience, the study proposes a <em>Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard™ (PIRS™) for Multi-hazards</em> methodology to identify conflicts and gaps and guide coordinated actions to strengthen resilience against multiple hazards. Connecting multi-hazard assessment and modeling with urban planning and policy is necessary to more effectively translate knowledge into practice and strengthen community resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107136"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Residential-ECG: AI-driven one-step generation of low-energy residential floor plans 住宅- ecg：人工智能驱动的低能耗住宅平面图一步生成

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107134

Pengyu Zeng, Yujian Huang, Jun Yin, Yi Zhang, Shuai Lu

Energy-efficient residential design plays a critical role in mitigating urban energy consumption and carbon emissions, aligning with global sustainability goals. However, existing AI-driven generative models for residential floor plans primarily focus on geometric and spatial layout while overlooking energy performance, whereas conventional building performance optimization, though effective, requires extensive computational resources, limiting their applicability in large-scale urban planning. To address this gap, we propose Residential-ECG, an AI-driven framework for one-step generation of low-energy residential floor plans, integrating energy efficiency directly into the early-stage design. Our approach consists of three components: 1) Energy Consumption Prediction Model (R-EPM), trained on 71,125 residential plans and achieving an R² value above 0.99; 2) Low-Energy Residential Floor Plan Dataset (LE-RD), the first dataset exclusively comprising 300,000 low-energy floor plans, generated via FloorplanDiffusion and screened by R-EPM, demonstrating an average energy reduction of 15.1% compared to real-world layouts; and 3) Low-Energy Residential Floor Plan Generation Model (Residential-ECG), trained on LE-RD and allowing one-step generation of high-quality, energy-efficient residential plans using outer contour and room number as inputs. Experiments show that under identical input conditions, Residential-ECG reduces energy consumption by 15.5% for 2-bedroom layouts and 15.3% for 3-bedroom layouts compared to state-of-the-art generative models. This demonstrates that AI-assisted energy-conscious design can effectively support urban sustainability and facilitate the development of affordable, low-carbon housing without imposing additional costs for advanced materials or equipment. Our approach provides a scalable, computationally accessible solution for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to accelerate the transition toward sustainable cities and societies.

节能住宅设计在减少城市能源消耗和碳排放方面发挥着关键作用，与全球可持续发展目标保持一致。然而，现有的人工智能驱动的住宅平面图生成模型主要关注几何和空间布局，而忽略了能源性能，而传统的建筑性能优化虽然有效，但需要大量的计算资源，限制了其在大规模城市规划中的适用性。为了解决这一差距，我们提出了住宅ecg，这是一个人工智能驱动的框架，用于一步生成低能耗住宅平面图，将能源效率直接集成到早期设计中。我们的方法由三个部分组成：1)能源消耗预测模型（R- epm），对71,125个住宅规划进行了训练，R²值大于0.99；2)低能耗住宅平面图数据集（LE-RD），第一个专门包含300,000个低能耗平面图的数据集，通过FloorplanDiffusion生成并由R-EPM筛选，与实际布局相比，平均节能15.1%；3)低能耗住宅平面图生成模型（Residential- ecg），该模型经过LE-RD培训，可以使用外部轮廓和房间编号作为输入，一步生成高质量、节能的住宅平面图。实验表明，在相同的输入条件下，住宅ecg与最先进的生成模型相比，两居室布局的能耗降低了15.5%，三居室布局的能耗降低了15.3%。这表明，人工智能辅助的节能设计可以有效地支持城市可持续发展，促进经济适用的低碳住房的发展，而不会增加先进材料或设备的额外成本。我们的方法为建筑师、城市规划者和政策制定者提供了一个可扩展的、可计算的解决方案，以加速向可持续城市和社会的过渡。

{"title":"Residential-ECG: AI-driven one-step generation of low-energy residential floor plans","authors":"Pengyu Zeng, Yujian Huang, Jun Yin, Yi Zhang, Shuai Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Energy-efficient residential design plays a critical role in mitigating urban energy consumption and carbon emissions, aligning with global sustainability goals. However, existing AI-driven generative models for residential floor plans primarily focus on geometric and spatial layout while overlooking energy performance, whereas conventional building performance optimization, though effective, requires extensive computational resources, limiting their applicability in large-scale urban planning. To address this gap, we propose Residential-ECG, an AI-driven framework for one-step generation of low-energy residential floor plans, integrating energy efficiency directly into the early-stage design. Our approach consists of three components: 1) Energy Consumption Prediction Model (R-EPM), trained on 71,125 residential plans and achieving an R² value above 0.99; 2) Low-Energy Residential Floor Plan Dataset (LE-RD), the first dataset exclusively comprising 300,000 low-energy floor plans, generated via FloorplanDiffusion and screened by R-EPM, demonstrating an average energy reduction of 15.1% compared to real-world layouts; and 3) Low-Energy Residential Floor Plan Generation Model (Residential-ECG), trained on LE-RD and allowing one-step generation of high-quality, energy-efficient residential plans using outer contour and room number as inputs. Experiments show that under identical input conditions, Residential-ECG reduces energy consumption by 15.5% for 2-bedroom layouts and 15.3% for 3-bedroom layouts compared to state-of-the-art generative models. This demonstrates that AI-assisted energy-conscious design can effectively support urban sustainability and facilitate the development of affordable, low-carbon housing without imposing additional costs for advanced materials or equipment. Our approach provides a scalable, computationally accessible solution for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to accelerate the transition toward sustainable cities and societies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107134"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to identify urban heat inequity? A systematic literature review of scales, indicators, pathways, and future directions 如何识别城市热不平等？对量表、指标、途径和未来方向进行系统的文献综述

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107130

Yue Lin, Hui Zeng

Urban extreme heat adversely affects human health, well-being, and sustainable urban development, with disproportionately severe impacts on underdeveloped regions and vulnerable groups. Consequently, urban heat inequity has become a central issue in climate justice research. This study systematically reviews the indicators and methodological approaches used in 114 global empirical studies, maps their development through bibliometric analysis, and breaks down the methodology frameworks into three components for in-depth review: heat indicators, socioeconomic indicators, and analytical pathways. The study synthesizes and compares the commonalities and differences across these works, yielding the following key findings: 1) Geographically and scale-wise, studies on tropical low-income regions are severely lacking, as are micro-scale studies. 2) Heat indicators are diverse and fragmented, falling into five categories: heat environment, heat effect, heat adaptation, heat exposure indicator, and integrated heat index. 3) Socioeconomic indicators, shaped by data availability and local context, amount to ten types. Among these, income, age, and ethnicity are the most prevalent and occupy a central position in the co-occurrence network of socioeconomic indicators. 4) Four core analytical pathways are identified—intuitive comparison, regression, equity indices, and indicator ranking—each with a distinct focus in detecting heat inequity. Overall, as the first review focusing on methodologies and indicator systems in heat inequity research, this study clarifies current methodological approaches and indicator characteristics, highlights limitations such as geographical and scale imbalances, indicator fragmentation, and overreliance on single analytical pathways, and offers guidance for future studies in terms of case selection, indicator system construction, and methodological design.

城市极端高温对人类健康、福祉和城市可持续发展产生不利影响，对不发达地区和弱势群体的影响尤为严重。因此，城市热不平等已成为气候正义研究的核心问题。本研究系统回顾了114项全球实证研究中使用的指标和方法，通过文献计量分析绘制了它们的发展图，并将方法框架分解为三个组成部分：热指标、社会经济指标和分析途径。该研究综合并比较了这些研究的共性和差异，得出以下主要发现：1)在地理和尺度方面，热带低收入地区的研究严重缺乏，微观尺度的研究也是如此。2)热指标多样化、碎片化，主要分为热环境指标、热效应指标、热适应指标、热暴露指标和综合热指标5类。3)受数据可用性和当地环境影响的社会经济指标共有十种。其中，收入、年龄和种族是最普遍的，在社会经济指标共现网络中占据中心位置。4)确定了直观比较、回归、公平指数和指标排序四种核心分析途径，每一种分析途径在检测热不平等方面都有不同的重点。总体而言，本研究首次对热不平等研究的方法和指标体系进行综述，明确了当前热不平等研究的方法方法和指标特征，突出了地域和尺度不平衡、指标碎片化、过度依赖单一分析途径等局限性，并在案例选择、指标体系构建和方法设计等方面为今后的研究提供了指导。

{"title":"How to identify urban heat inequity? A systematic literature review of scales, indicators, pathways, and future directions","authors":"Yue Lin, Hui Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban extreme heat adversely affects human health, well-being, and sustainable urban development, with disproportionately severe impacts on underdeveloped regions and vulnerable groups. Consequently, urban heat inequity has become a central issue in climate justice research. This study systematically reviews the indicators and methodological approaches used in 114 global empirical studies, maps their development through bibliometric analysis, and breaks down the methodology frameworks into three components for in-depth review: heat indicators, socioeconomic indicators, and analytical pathways. The study synthesizes and compares the commonalities and differences across these works, yielding the following key findings: 1) Geographically and scale-wise, studies on tropical low-income regions are severely lacking, as are micro-scale studies. 2) Heat indicators are diverse and fragmented, falling into five categories: heat environment, heat effect, heat adaptation, heat exposure indicator, and integrated heat index. 3) Socioeconomic indicators, shaped by data availability and local context, amount to ten types. Among these, income, age, and ethnicity are the most prevalent and occupy a central position in the co-occurrence network of socioeconomic indicators. 4) Four core analytical pathways are identified—intuitive comparison, regression, equity indices, and indicator ranking—each with a distinct focus in detecting heat inequity. Overall, as the first review focusing on methodologies and indicator systems in heat inequity research, this study clarifies current methodological approaches and indicator characteristics, highlights limitations such as geographical and scale imbalances, indicator fragmentation, and overreliance on single analytical pathways, and offers guidance for future studies in terms of case selection, indicator system construction, and methodological design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107130"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing urban flood resilience through agent-based modeling of evacuation behaviors 通过基于agent的疏散行为建模增强城市洪水抵御能力

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107133

Zeqian Jin , Yicheng Xiong , Chengcheng Yu , Chen Li , Zexin Jin , Xin Ye

Flood disasters cause substantial casualties and economic losses, particularly in densely populated urban areas worldwide. Understanding public flood evacuation behavior is crucial for enhancing urban resilience and environmental sustainability. This study develops an agent-based modeling (ABM) to simulate evacuation behaviors of self-evacuees during predictable flood events. This model incorporates five submodules: population response, road network, shelter, flood propagation, and visualization. Based on protection motivation theory, we construct a structural equation model to examine the causal relationships among psychological attributes, which are then integrated into agents' characteristics within the ABM. Evacuees are classified as decision-makers and non-decision-makers, with the latter modeled using a Flocking behavior rule to capture their herd behavior. Four scenarios are designed to explore the impacts of different proportions of decision-makers and departure times (pre-disaster and post disaster) on fatality rates and evacuation efficiency. Conducted in Zhengzhou City, China, the model incorporates three evacuation modes (walking, bicycling, and vehicles) and three shelters (residential, commercial, and hotels). The results reveal that pre-disaster vehicle evacuation proves most effective, estimated to save 71,400 lives and extend the evacuation time by approximately 5 h. During post-disaster evacuation, walking evacuees exhibit the lowest fatality rates, indicating that walking should be the immediate emergency option when evacuation is forced after a disaster. A multi-intervention strategy combining pre-disaster evacuation and increasing the number of decision-makers achieves optimal performance, reducing the fatality rate by 20% compared to the baseline. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in improving urban flood disaster management and reducing human casualties in similar contexts.

洪水灾害造成大量人员伤亡和经济损失，特别是在世界范围内人口稠密的城市地区。了解公众洪水疏散行为对于增强城市韧性和环境可持续性至关重要。本研究开发了一种基于智能体的模型（ABM）来模拟可预测洪水事件中自我疏散者的疏散行为。该模型包含五个子模块：人口响应、道路网络、庇护所、洪水传播和可视化。基于保护动机理论，我们构建了一个结构方程模型来考察心理属性之间的因果关系，并将其整合到行为主体的行为特征中。撤离者被分为决策者和非决策者，后者使用群集行为规则建模来捕捉他们的群体行为。设计了四种情景，以探讨不同比例的决策者和出发时间（灾前和灾后）对死亡率和疏散效率的影响。该模型在中国郑州市进行，包含三种疏散模式（步行、骑自行车和车辆）和三种避难所（住宅、商业和酒店）。结果显示，灾前车辆疏散被证明是最有效的，估计可以挽救71,400人的生命，并将疏散时间延长约5小时。在灾后疏散期间，步行疏散的死亡率最低，这表明在灾后被迫疏散时，步行应该是立即的紧急选择。将灾前疏散和增加决策者数量相结合的多干预策略实现了最佳绩效，与基线相比将死亡率降低了20%。这些发现为决策者在类似情况下改善城市洪涝灾害管理和减少人员伤亡提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Enhancing urban flood resilience through agent-based modeling of evacuation behaviors","authors":"Zeqian Jin , Yicheng Xiong , Chengcheng Yu , Chen Li , Zexin Jin , Xin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood disasters cause substantial casualties and economic losses, particularly in densely populated urban areas worldwide. Understanding public flood evacuation behavior is crucial for enhancing urban resilience and environmental sustainability. This study develops an agent-based modeling (ABM) to simulate evacuation behaviors of self-evacuees during predictable flood events. This model incorporates five submodules: population response, road network, shelter, flood propagation, and visualization. Based on protection motivation theory, we construct a structural equation model to examine the causal relationships among psychological attributes, which are then integrated into agents' characteristics within the ABM. Evacuees are classified as decision-makers and non-decision-makers, with the latter modeled using a Flocking behavior rule to capture their herd behavior. Four scenarios are designed to explore the impacts of different proportions of decision-makers and departure times (pre-disaster and post disaster) on fatality rates and evacuation efficiency. Conducted in Zhengzhou City, China, the model incorporates three evacuation modes (walking, bicycling, and vehicles) and three shelters (residential, commercial, and hotels). The results reveal that pre-disaster vehicle evacuation proves most effective, estimated to save 71,400 lives and extend the evacuation time by approximately 5 h. During post-disaster evacuation, walking evacuees exhibit the lowest fatality rates, indicating that walking should be the immediate emergency option when evacuation is forced after a disaster. A multi-intervention strategy combining pre-disaster evacuation and increasing the number of decision-makers achieves optimal performance, reducing the fatality rate by 20% compared to the baseline. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers in improving urban flood disaster management and reducing human casualties in similar contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107133"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cold stress mitigation by urban trees: Computational fluid dynamics analysis of deciduous and evergreen effects in winter environments 城市树木缓解冷应力：冬季环境中落叶和常绿树木效应的计算流体动力学分析

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107131

Geon Kang , Wonsik Choi , Jeong-Hee Eum , Jae-Jin Kim

Extreme cold surges, increasingly observed in mid-latitude and subtropical cities, pose serious health and safety risks for pedestrians. While nature-based solutions such as urban trees are widely recognized for mitigating summer heat, their wintertime effects remain underexplored and inconsistent. Trees can simultaneously reduce convective heat loss by lowering wind speeds and diminish solar radiation, decreasing the mean radiant temperature (MRT) and potentially aggravating cold stress. This study employs a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, with one-way, offline coupling to a radiation model, to investigate how deciduous and evergreen trees influence pedestrian cold stress, evaluated using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), in a high-density urban district of Daegu, South Korea, during a winter cold-surge event. Scenarios varied tree type and height to assess aerodynamic drag, shading, and cooling effects. Results show that wind speed was the dominant driver of UTCI (Pearson correlation coefficient, R ≈ –0.97), while air temperature (R ≈ 0.3) and MRT (R ≈ 0.15) acted as secondary modifiers. Evergreen trees reduced strong wind probabilities and alleviated severe cold stress (UTCI ≤ –13 °C) in exposed zones, with tall evergreens most effective during morning and nighttime. In contrast, in sheltered low-rise areas where winds were already weak, added shading lowered MRT and air temperature, leading to worsened thermal comfort in the afternoon. Deciduous trees had limited effects owing to low winter leaf area. These results emphasize that winter planting strategies must consider tree type, canopy height, and local morphology, with evergreens suited to wind-exposed corridors and deciduous or shorter trees more appropriate for sheltered zones.

在中纬度和亚热带城市，越来越多地观察到极端寒潮，给行人带来了严重的健康和安全风险。虽然基于自然的解决方案，如城市树木，被广泛认为可以缓解夏季炎热，但它们在冬季的效果仍未得到充分探索和一致。树木可以同时通过降低风速和减少太阳辐射来减少对流热损失，降低平均辐射温度（MRT），并可能加剧冷胁迫。本研究采用计算流体动力学（CFD）模型，与辐射模型进行单向离线耦合，研究落叶和常绿树木对行人冷应激的影响，并使用通用热气候指数（UTCI）对韩国大邱高密度城区冬季寒潮事件进行评估。不同的树木类型和高度来评估空气动力阻力、遮阳和冷却效果。结果表明：风速是UTCI的主要影响因子（Pearson相关系数R≈-0.97），气温（R≈0.3）和MRT （R≈0.15）是次要影响因子。常绿树木降低了露天区的强风发生概率，缓解了严寒胁迫（UTCI≤-13°C），其中高大的常绿树木在早晨和夜间效果最好。相比之下，在风已经很弱的有遮蔽的低层区域，增加遮阳会降低MRT和空气温度，导致下午的热舒适恶化。由于落叶乔木冬季叶面积小，影响有限。这些结果强调冬季种植策略必须考虑树木类型、冠层高度和当地形态，常绿树木适合风暴露的走廊，落叶或矮乔木更适合遮荫区。

{"title":"Cold stress mitigation by urban trees: Computational fluid dynamics analysis of deciduous and evergreen effects in winter environments","authors":"Geon Kang , Wonsik Choi , Jeong-Hee Eum , Jae-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme cold surges, increasingly observed in mid-latitude and subtropical cities, pose serious health and safety risks for pedestrians. While nature-based solutions such as urban trees are widely recognized for mitigating summer heat, their wintertime effects remain underexplored and inconsistent. Trees can simultaneously reduce convective heat loss by lowering wind speeds and diminish solar radiation, decreasing the mean radiant temperature (MRT) and potentially aggravating cold stress. This study employs a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, with one-way, offline coupling to a radiation model, to investigate how deciduous and evergreen trees influence pedestrian cold stress, evaluated using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI), in a high-density urban district of Daegu, South Korea, during a winter cold-surge event. Scenarios varied tree type and height to assess aerodynamic drag, shading, and cooling effects. Results show that wind speed was the dominant driver of UTCI (Pearson correlation coefficient, <em>R</em> ≈ –0.97), while air temperature (<em>R</em> ≈ 0.3) and MRT (<em>R</em> ≈ 0.15) acted as secondary modifiers. Evergreen trees reduced strong wind probabilities and alleviated severe cold stress (UTCI ≤ –13 °C) in exposed zones, with tall evergreens most effective during morning and nighttime. In contrast, in sheltered low-rise areas where winds were already weak, added shading lowered MRT and air temperature, leading to worsened thermal comfort in the afternoon. Deciduous trees had limited effects owing to low winter leaf area. These results emphasize that winter planting strategies must consider tree type, canopy height, and local morphology, with evergreens suited to wind-exposed corridors and deciduous or shorter trees more appropriate for sheltered zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107131"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic emissions and synergistic efficiency: Great efforts in decreasing carbon and pollution of China’s five major urban agglomerations 协同排放与协同效率：中国五大城市群碳减排与污染减排努力

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107132

Kewen Wang , Chuanglin Fang

Reducing synergistic emissions (SEM) between carbon and pollution and enhancing their synergistic efficiency (SEF) are crucial approaches to facilitate human-nature harmony. However, there are few existing studies that measure SEF incorporating the goals of “minimizing costs” and “maximizing benefits” and reveal the relationship between SEM and SEF. Based on panel data of China’s five major urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2022, we utilized the cross multiplier method and super-efficiency SBM model to evaluate SEM and SEF. The decoupling relationship and dynamic interaction between the two were analyzed using the Tapio decoupling model and panel vector autoregression model. The results demonstrated that SEM rapidly decreased from 0.97 to 0.11, while SEF steadily increased from 0.58 to 0.72. SEM and SEF exhibited a significant spatial heterogeneity, with Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta performing better than others. 70.7% of cities realized the strong decoupling between SEM and SEF, but there were 29.3% of cities in the state of recessive decoupling due to a decrease in SEF. Furthermore, there was an overall mutually restrictive relationship between SEM and SEF. Compared to the obstacle of SEM to SEF, SEF had a stronger inhibitory effect on SEM, especially in the urban agglomerations of mid-west region. These findings can provide important values for optimizing human-nature relation from the perspective of the collaborative control of carbon and pollution.

减少碳与污染之间的协同排放（SEM），提高其协同效率（SEF）是促进人与自然和谐的重要途径。然而，现有的研究很少将“成本最小化”和“收益最大化”作为衡量SEF的目标，并揭示SEM与SEF之间的关系。基于2006 - 2022年中国五大城市群面板数据，运用交叉乘数法和超效率SBM模型对SEM和SEF进行了评价。采用Tapio解耦模型和面板向量自回归模型分析了两者之间的解耦关系和动态交互作用。结果表明，SEM从0.97迅速下降到0.11，而SEF从0.58稳步上升到0.72。SEM和SEF表现出显著的空间异质性，其中珠三角和长三角表现较好。70.7%的城市实现了SEM与SEF的强脱钩，29.3%的城市由于SEF的下降而处于隐性脱钩状态。此外，SEM和SEF之间存在总体的相互制约关系。与SEM对SEF的阻碍作用相比，SEF对SEM的抑制作用更强，尤其是在中西部城市群。这些发现可以从碳与污染协同控制的角度为优化人与自然关系提供重要价值。

{"title":"Synergistic emissions and synergistic efficiency: Great efforts in decreasing carbon and pollution of China’s five major urban agglomerations","authors":"Kewen Wang , Chuanglin Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reducing synergistic emissions (SEM) between carbon and pollution and enhancing their synergistic efficiency (SEF) are crucial approaches to facilitate human-nature harmony. However, there are few existing studies that measure SEF incorporating the goals of “minimizing costs” and “maximizing benefits” and reveal the relationship between SEM and SEF. Based on panel data of China’s five major urban agglomerations from 2006 to 2022, we utilized the cross multiplier method and super-efficiency SBM model to evaluate SEM and SEF. The decoupling relationship and dynamic interaction between the two were analyzed using the Tapio decoupling model and panel vector autoregression model. The results demonstrated that SEM rapidly decreased from 0.97 to 0.11, while SEF steadily increased from 0.58 to 0.72. SEM and SEF exhibited a significant spatial heterogeneity, with Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta performing better than others. 70.7% of cities realized the strong decoupling between SEM and SEF, but there were 29.3% of cities in the state of recessive decoupling due to a decrease in SEF. Furthermore, there was an overall mutually restrictive relationship between SEM and SEF. Compared to the obstacle of SEM to SEF, SEF had a stronger inhibitory effect on SEM, especially in the urban agglomerations of mid-west region. These findings can provide important values for optimizing human-nature relation from the perspective of the collaborative control of carbon and pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107132"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Household investment behavior and environmental impact: How family financial decisions influence carbon emissions in China 家庭投资行为与环境影响：中国家庭财务决策对碳排放的影响

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107128

Tianzuo Wen , Will W. Qiang , Haowen Luo , Harry F. Lee , Shenjing He

The relationship between household financial behavior and carbon emissions is a critical yet underexplored component of sustainable urban development. This study investigates the impact of household investment behaviors on direct carbon emissions, leveraging panel data from 152 Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2015 and 2019. Using a robust two-way fixed effects model, the analysis reveals a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between household investment volume and carbon emissions. While initial investment accumulation correlates with rising emissions, further growth facilitates a transition toward emission reduction. Crucially, Household Investment Intensity (HII), defined as the ratio of investment to household income, serves as a key negative moderator; households with higher investment intensity exhibit a stronger capacity to decouple financial growth from carbon emissions. Mechanism analysis indicates that this reduction is not driven by the suppression of consumption volume, but rather by a decrease in the carbon intensity of consumption. This suggests a "Green Quality Effect" where investment returns enable a structural shift toward low-carbon services and energy-efficient goods. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity analysis highlights a development threshold, as the emission-reducing effect of investment is significantly more pronounced in economically developed eastern regions compared to central and western areas. These findings underscore the role of financial decisions in shaping low-carbon lifestyles. Policy implications suggest that financial institutions and policymakers should prioritize optimizing household asset structures and designing green financial products to foster sustainable consumption patterns.

家庭金融行为与碳排放之间的关系是可持续城市发展中一个关键但尚未得到充分探索的组成部分。本研究利用2015年至2019年中国152个地级市的面板数据，研究了家庭投资行为对直接碳排放的影响。利用稳健的双向固定效应模型，分析发现家庭投资量与碳排放之间存在显著的倒u型关系。虽然最初的投资积累与排放量上升有关，但进一步的增长有助于向减排过渡。至关重要的是，家庭投资强度（HII），即投资与家庭收入的比率，是一个关键的负向调节因子；投资强度越高的家庭将经济增长与碳排放脱钩的能力越强。机制分析表明，这种减少不是由消费量的抑制驱动的，而是由消费碳强度的降低驱动的。这表明了一种“绿色质量效应”，即投资回报使向低碳服务和节能产品的结构性转变成为可能。此外，经济发达的东部地区投资减排效应明显强于中西部地区，存在发展阈值。这些发现强调了财务决策在塑造低碳生活方式中的作用。政策启示表明，金融机构和政策制定者应优先优化家庭资产结构，设计绿色金融产品，以促进可持续消费模式。

{"title":"Household investment behavior and environmental impact: How family financial decisions influence carbon emissions in China","authors":"Tianzuo Wen , Will W. Qiang , Haowen Luo , Harry F. Lee , Shenjing He","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between household financial behavior and carbon emissions is a critical yet underexplored component of sustainable urban development. This study investigates the impact of household investment behaviors on direct carbon emissions, leveraging panel data from 152 Chinese prefecture-level cities between 2015 and 2019. Using a robust two-way fixed effects model, the analysis reveals a significant inverted U-shaped relationship between household investment volume and carbon emissions. While initial investment accumulation correlates with rising emissions, further growth facilitates a transition toward emission reduction. Crucially, Household Investment Intensity (HII), defined as the ratio of investment to household income, serves as a key negative moderator; households with higher investment intensity exhibit a stronger capacity to decouple financial growth from carbon emissions. Mechanism analysis indicates that this reduction is not driven by the suppression of consumption volume, but rather by a decrease in the carbon intensity of consumption. This suggests a \"Green Quality Effect\" where investment returns enable a structural shift toward low-carbon services and energy-efficient goods. Furthermore, spatial heterogeneity analysis highlights a development threshold, as the emission-reducing effect of investment is significantly more pronounced in economically developed eastern regions compared to central and western areas. These findings underscore the role of financial decisions in shaping low-carbon lifestyles. Policy implications suggest that financial institutions and policymakers should prioritize optimizing household asset structures and designing green financial products to foster sustainable consumption patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107128"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Heat exposure and cooling efficiency of trees in a tropical hot-humid neighborhood with a park 带公园的热带湿热社区树木的热暴露和冷却效率

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107122

Clément Nevers , Jan Carmeliet , Aytaç Kubilay , Dominique Derome

As cities increasingly endure hotter conditions, there is a critical need for reliable metrics that capture the cumulative and perceptual nature of pedestrian heat exposure. This study develops an integrated approach combining high-resolution urban Computational Fluid Dynmics (CFD) simulations with two complementary indices: a cumulative Heat Exposure Index and a Cooling Efficiency Index that quantify the magnitude, duration, and spatial variability of human heat stress. The analysis is applied to a tropical hot-humid neighborhood that includes a park, street trees, and lift-up buildings. Heat exposure is defined as the cumulative thermal load exceeding a specified UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) threshold over time, weighted by the Dynamic Thermal Sensation (DTS) to better represent human perception. Cooling efficiency is calculated as the ratio of heat exposure between a test configuration and a reference scenario. This framework enables evaluation of both local and non-local effects on pedestrian comfort. Results show that unshaded areas can reach daily exposures of 700 °C.h, while shaded zones under trees achieve up to 40% reduction, though localized heating up to 25% may occur downwind of dense canopies. Among individual heat mitigation strategies, larger, densely positioned trees, as in parks, are shown to be the most effective, while trees should be avoided in ventilation corridors. The heat exposure index is also used to assess walkability by calculating cumulative thermal stress along pedestrian routes. The proposed approach establishes a reproducible methodology for quantifying cooling efficiency of heat mitigation strategies and translating thermal data into design-relevant indicators.

随着城市越来越多地忍受更热的条件，迫切需要可靠的指标来捕捉行人热暴露的累积和感知性质。本研究开发了一种综合方法，将高分辨率城市计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟与两个互补指数相结合：累积热暴露指数和冷却效率指数，用于量化人类热应激的强度、持续时间和空间变异性。该分析应用于一个热带湿热社区，该社区包括一个公园、行道树和电梯建筑。热暴露被定义为随时间超过特定UTCI（通用热气候指数）阈值的累积热负荷，并通过动态热感觉（DTS）加权，以更好地代表人类感知。冷却效率计算为测试配置和参考场景之间的热暴露比。这个框架可以评估本地和非本地对行人舒适度的影响。结果表明，未遮荫的地区可以达到700°C.h的日暴露，而树木下的遮荫区可以减少高达40%的暴露，尽管密集树冠的下风可能发生高达25%的局部加热。在个别的减热策略中，较大的、密集的树木，如在公园中，被证明是最有效的，而在通风走廊中应避免树木。热暴露指数也被用来通过计算沿行人路线的累积热应力来评估步行性。拟议的方法建立了一种可重复的方法，用于量化减热策略的冷却效率，并将热数据转化为与设计相关的指标。

{"title":"Heat exposure and cooling efficiency of trees in a tropical hot-humid neighborhood with a park","authors":"Clément Nevers , Jan Carmeliet , Aytaç Kubilay , Dominique Derome","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As cities increasingly endure hotter conditions, there is a critical need for reliable metrics that capture the cumulative and perceptual nature of pedestrian heat exposure. This study develops an integrated approach combining high-resolution urban Computational Fluid Dynmics (CFD) simulations with two complementary indices: a cumulative Heat Exposure Index and a Cooling Efficiency Index that quantify the magnitude, duration, and spatial variability of human heat stress. The analysis is applied to a tropical hot-humid neighborhood that includes a park, street trees, and lift-up buildings. Heat exposure is defined as the cumulative thermal load exceeding a specified UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) threshold over time, weighted by the Dynamic Thermal Sensation (DTS) to better represent human perception. Cooling efficiency is calculated as the ratio of heat exposure between a test configuration and a reference scenario. This framework enables evaluation of both local and non-local effects on pedestrian comfort. Results show that unshaded areas can reach daily exposures of 700 °C.h, while shaded zones under trees achieve up to 40% reduction, though localized heating up to 25% may occur downwind of dense canopies. Among individual heat mitigation strategies, larger, densely positioned trees, as in parks, are shown to be the most effective, while trees should be avoided in ventilation corridors. The heat exposure index is also used to assess walkability by calculating cumulative thermal stress along pedestrian routes. The proposed approach establishes a reproducible methodology for quantifying cooling efficiency of heat mitigation strategies and translating thermal data into design-relevant indicators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107122"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145915140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synergistic dynamics of the thermal-energy-carbon nexus in the Yangtze River Delta: Spatiotemporal measurement, mechanisms, and spatial econometric analysis 长江三角洲热能-碳联系的协同动力：时空测度、机制与空间计量分析

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107125

Zhonglin Tang , Yaxin Rao , Min Fu

Urban agglomerations are increasingly facing the compounded challenges of escalating thermal stress, rising energy consumption, and intensifying carbon emissions under climate change and the green transition. This study develops an integrated Thermal-Energy-Carbon (TEC) framework to evaluate the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) of cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2000 to 2022, addressing the pressing issues of urban sustainability and green transformation. By combining spatial econometrics, threshold models, and GeoShapley decomposition, this study introduces a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex dynamics of urban systems in the context of climate change. The results reveal that: (1) although CCD has steadily improved, it remains at a moderate level with significant interprovincial disparities, highlighting uneven spatial progress in addressing environmental challenges. (2) Key drivers of coordination, including land urbanization (lnland), R&D investment (lnrd), and patch density (lnPD), significantly enhance CCD, whereas foreign direct investment (lnopen) suppresses coordination and financial development (lnfin) shows a negative local effect. (3) Spillover effects are asymmetric, with lnrd, lnfin, and lnPD generating positive spillovers, while industrial structure (lnind), lnopen, and green patents (lngreen) impose negative externalities. (4) A double-threshold effect of economic development (lngdp) illustrates the stage-dependent influence of R&D investment, following a “strengthening–weakening–restrengthening” dynamic. Additionally, XGBoost + GeoShapley-based contribution decomposition highlights the significant positive impact of lnland and lnrd on CCD in the non-spatial dimension, while unveiling the nonlinear and heterogeneous effects of these factors. This study offers novel methodological insights, integrating thermal, energy, and carbon, and provides guidance for low-carbon urban transformations in response to environmental challenges.

在气候变化和绿色转型背景下，城市群正日益面临热应力加剧、能源消耗增加和碳排放加剧的复合挑战。本研究构建了2000 - 2022年长三角地区城市耦合协调度（CCD）的综合热-能-碳（TEC）框架，以解决城市可持续发展和绿色转型的紧迫问题。本研究结合空间计量经济学、阈值模型和GeoShapley分解，引入了一种理解气候变化背景下城市系统复杂动态的综合方法。结果表明：(1)中国区域CCD总体水平虽稳步提高，但仍处于中等水平，且省际差异显著，表明应对环境挑战的空间进展不均衡。②土地城市化（inland）、研发投资（r&d investment）和斑块密度（patch density）显著增强了协同效应，外商直接投资（lopen）抑制了协同效应，金融发展（lnfin）则表现出负向的局部效应。(3)外溢效应是不对称的，lnrd、lnfin和lnPD产生正外溢效应，而产业结构（lnind）、开放专利和绿色专利（lngreen）产生负外溢效应。(4)经济发展（gdp）的双门槛效应说明研发投资的阶段性影响遵循“增强-减弱-再增强”的动态规律。此外，基于XGBoost + geoshapled的贡献分解在非空间维度上突出了内陆和内陆对CCD的显著正影响，同时揭示了这些因素的非线性和异质性效应。本研究提供了新的方法见解，整合了热、能源和碳，并为应对环境挑战的低碳城市转型提供了指导。

{"title":"Synergistic dynamics of the thermal-energy-carbon nexus in the Yangtze River Delta: Spatiotemporal measurement, mechanisms, and spatial econometric analysis","authors":"Zhonglin Tang , Yaxin Rao , Min Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban agglomerations are increasingly facing the compounded challenges of escalating thermal stress, rising energy consumption, and intensifying carbon emissions under climate change and the green transition. This study develops an integrated Thermal-Energy-Carbon (TEC) framework to evaluate the Coupling Coordination Degree (CCD) of cities in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) from 2000 to 2022, addressing the pressing issues of urban sustainability and green transformation. By combining spatial econometrics, threshold models, and GeoShapley decomposition, this study introduces a comprehensive approach to understanding the complex dynamics of urban systems in the context of climate change. The results reveal that: (1) although CCD has steadily improved, it remains at a moderate level with significant interprovincial disparities, highlighting uneven spatial progress in addressing environmental challenges. (2) Key drivers of coordination, including land urbanization (lnland), R&D investment (lnrd), and patch density (lnPD), significantly enhance CCD, whereas foreign direct investment (lnopen) suppresses coordination and financial development (lnfin) shows a negative local effect. (3) Spillover effects are asymmetric, with lnrd, lnfin, and lnPD generating positive spillovers, while industrial structure (lnind), lnopen, and green patents (lngreen) impose negative externalities. (4) A double-threshold effect of economic development (lngdp) illustrates the stage-dependent influence of R&D investment, following a “strengthening–weakening–restrengthening” dynamic. Additionally, XGBoost + GeoShapley-based contribution decomposition highlights the significant positive impact of lnland and lnrd on CCD in the non-spatial dimension, while unveiling the nonlinear and heterogeneous effects of these factors. This study offers novel methodological insights, integrating thermal, energy, and carbon, and provides guidance for low-carbon urban transformations in response to environmental challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107125"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated impacts of cool coatings, street orientations, and height variability on urban cooling in 3D high-rise building arrays: CFD simulation 三维高层建筑阵列中冷却涂层、街道朝向和高度变化对城市冷却的综合影响：CFD模拟

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107127

Tianyi Guan , Jian Hang , Qingman Li , Lan Chen , Guanwen Chen , Hanying Dong , Zhiwen Luo

Using cool coatings on building envelopes and modifying urban morphologies, such as street orientations and building height variability, are recognized as effective urban cooling strategies. However, few studies evaluate the integrated cooling performance of these strategies in three-dimensional (3D) high-rise building arrays. Moreover, most existing performance evaluations of cool coatings focus on temperature drop, while rarely considering coating costs. As a novel contribution, this study systematically investigates the combined impacts of cool coatings (cool roofs (CR), cool roofs & walls (CR&W), cool roofs & east-west walls (CR&EWW), and cool roofs & high-rise walls (CR&HW)), street orientations (north-south vs. east-west), and building height layouts (uniform-height vs. varied-height) on building surface temperature and pedestrian-level microclimate under three summer solar heating conditions (8 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm) using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Uniquely, cooling intensity (°C/m²) is proposed to quantify the average surface temperature drop per unit of cool-coated surface area by incorporating coating costs into cooling performance evaluation. Results indicate that cool coatings reduce direct sunlit surface temperatures by up to 7.5 °C, with ensemble-average building envelope drops of 0.36–1.63 °C, while their impacts on pedestrian-level air temperature (drop < 0.3 °C) and wind velocity ratio (variation < 0.06) are minimal. CR&W, CR&EWW, and CR&HW cause significantly greater ensemble-average temperature drops than CR; however, when coating costs are considered, CR&W is less cost-effective than other configurations. CR&EWW and CR&HW offer a good trade-off between cooling effect and coating costs. Moreover, north-south orientation generally shows superior cooling performance with cool coatings over east-west orientation. Height variability differentially influences the cool coating performance for high-rise and low-rise buildings. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing the spatial deployment of cool coatings in compact subtropical cities.

在建筑围护结构上使用冷却涂层和改变城市形态，如街道朝向和建筑高度变化，被认为是有效的城市冷却策略。然而，很少有研究评估这些策略在三维（3D）高层建筑阵列中的综合冷却性能。此外，现有的冷涂层性能评估大多侧重于温度下降，而很少考虑涂层成本。作为小说的贡献,本研究系统地调查的结合影响降温涂料(降温屋顶(CR)、降温屋顶和墙壁(CR& W),降温屋顶,东西方墙(CR&恶),和降温屋顶,高层墙(CR& HW)),街道方向(南北和东西),和建筑高度布局(uniform-height比varied-height)在建筑表面温度和pedestrian-level小气候三个夏天太阳能加热条件下(8点,12点,和下午4点)使用计算流体动力学模拟。独特的是，通过将涂层成本纳入冷却性能评估，提出了冷却强度（°C/m2）来量化每单位冷涂层表面积的平均表面温度下降。结果表明，冷涂层可使阳光直射下的表面温度降低7.5°C，建筑围护结构整体平均温度下降0.36-1.63°C，而对行人水平空气温度（下降0.3°C）和风速比（变化0.06）的影响最小。CR&W、CR&；EWW和CR&；HW引起的总体平均温度下降明显大于CR；然而，当考虑涂层成本时，CR&；W比其他配置的成本效益更低。creww和crhw在冷却效果和涂层成本之间提供了很好的平衡。此外，南北取向的冷却涂层通常比东西取向的冷却涂层表现出更好的冷却性能。高度变化对高层和低层建筑冷涂层性能的影响是不同的。该研究为优化亚热带紧凑型城市冷涂料的空间部署提供了有价值的见解。

{"title":"Integrated impacts of cool coatings, street orientations, and height variability on urban cooling in 3D high-rise building arrays: CFD simulation","authors":"Tianyi Guan , Jian Hang , Qingman Li , Lan Chen , Guanwen Chen , Hanying Dong , Zhiwen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107127","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scs.2026.107127","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using cool coatings on building envelopes and modifying urban morphologies, such as street orientations and building height variability, are recognized as effective urban cooling strategies. However, few studies evaluate the integrated cooling performance of these strategies in three-dimensional (3D) high-rise building arrays. Moreover, most existing performance evaluations of cool coatings focus on temperature drop, while rarely considering coating costs. As a novel contribution, this study systematically investigates the combined impacts of cool coatings (cool roofs (CR), cool roofs & walls (CR&W), cool roofs & east-west walls (CR&EWW), and cool roofs & high-rise walls (CR&HW)), street orientations (north-south vs. east-west), and building height layouts (uniform-height vs. varied-height) on building surface temperature and pedestrian-level microclimate under three summer solar heating conditions (8 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm) using computational fluid dynamics simulations. Uniquely, cooling intensity (°C/m<sup>2</sup>) is proposed to quantify the average surface temperature drop per unit of cool-coated surface area by incorporating coating costs into cooling performance evaluation. Results indicate that cool coatings reduce direct sunlit surface temperatures by up to 7.5 °C, with ensemble-average building envelope drops of 0.36–1.63 °C, while their impacts on pedestrian-level air temperature (drop < 0.3 °C) and wind velocity ratio (variation < 0.06) are minimal. CR&W, CR&EWW, and CR&HW cause significantly greater ensemble-average temperature drops than CR; however, when coating costs are considered, CR&W is less cost-effective than other configurations. CR&EWW and CR&HW offer a good trade-off between cooling effect and coating costs. Moreover, north-south orientation generally shows superior cooling performance with cool coatings over east-west orientation. Height variability differentially influences the cool coating performance for high-rise and low-rise buildings. This study offers valuable insights for optimizing the spatial deployment of cool coatings in compact subtropical cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48659,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Cities and Society","volume":"137 ","pages":"Article 107127"},"PeriodicalIF":12.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145980945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0