Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第5页

Quantification of the impact of street design features on restorative quality in urban settings

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106216

Keundeok Park, Semiha Ergan

This paper investigates the impact of design of urban spaces on restorativeness. It aims to identify the urban street design features that are highly effective in shaping human restorativeness and quantify their impact on restorativeness of urban dwellers. The study employs a suite of data acquisition methods, including crowdsourcing, computer vision (CV), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to gather data on people's perceptions of urban environments that feature different configurations of urban street elements. Machine learning was used to identify the influential urban street design elements on human restorativeness and quantify impacts. Our findings reveal that while the amount of greenery generally enhances restorativeness along with sky visibility, an excess beyond a certain threshold diminishes its positive effects- hence indicating a strong non-linear relationship between sky visibility and greenery density in relation to restorativeness impact of such urban spaces. This suggests that a balance of greenery is essential for promoting restorativeness in urban environments. Results also indicate that height-of-buildings, irregular-building-height, building-density, crowdedness, and retail-stores are negatively associated with restorativeness while around urban spaces. Practitioners can benefit from these findings as this study provides one of the comprehensive computational evaluations of urban street design elements towards people's restorativeness in urban settings.

本文研究了城市空间设计对恢复性的影响。其目的是找出在塑造人的恢复性方面非常有效的城市街道设计特征，并量化它们对城市居民恢复性的影响。研究采用了一系列数据采集方法，包括众包、计算机视觉（CV）和地理信息系统（GIS），收集人们对具有不同城市街道元素配置的城市环境的感知数据。机器学习被用来识别对人类恢复能力有影响的城市街道设计元素，并量化其影响。我们的研究结果表明，虽然绿化的数量通常会随着天空能见度的增加而提高人的恢复能力，但超过一定限度后，绿化的积极作用就会减弱--这表明天空能见度和绿化密度对此类城市空间恢复能力的影响之间存在很强的非线性关系。这表明，绿化的平衡对于促进城市环境的恢复性至关重要。研究结果还表明，建筑物高度、不规则建筑物高度、建筑物密度、拥挤程度和零售商店与城市空间周围的恢复性呈负相关。这项研究对城市街道设计元素在城市环境中影响人们恢复力的情况进行了全面的计算评估，实践者可以从这些发现中获益。

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引用次数: 0

Contrasting urban heat disparities across income levels in Seoul and London

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106215

Sarath Raj , Lee Yerim , Geun Young Yun , Mattheos Santamouris

Urban areas face rising heat exposure due to urbanization and climate change, with over half the world's population in cities, projected to reach nearly 70 % by 2050. Marginalized communities often endure higher temperatures, reflecting broader environmental inequalities. Despite this, comprehensive analyses across diverse urban contexts are limited. This study examines Seoul and London using high-resolution satellite data from ECOSTRESS and Landsat (2013–2023) to explore urban heat distribution and socioeconomic status. Our findings show lower-income neighborhoods in London consistently experience higher heat island intensities, while Seoul does not exhibit this pattern. Higher-income areas in London benefit from more green spaces and having more detached houses leading to reduced heat intensities, whereas equitable greenspace distribution and denser housing patterns in rich neighborhoods in Seoul results in less pronounced disparities. Seasonal variations highlight heat exposure disparities in warmer months. This study contributes to strategies for reducing heat exposure and promoting equitable urban environments.

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引用次数: 0

UBEM-SER: Role of sufficiency, efficiency and renewable in the decarbonization of commercial building stock at city scale

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106214

Usama Perwez , Muhammad Haseeb Rasool , Imran Aziz , Usman Zia

The transitional pathway for decarbonization of commercial building stock requires adequately managing the degree of complexity by providing a coordinated effort with the implementation of non-technological mitigation strategies, energy conservation measures and the use of renewable distributed energy resources (DERs). However, there exist significant challenges in facilitating coordination among different methodological characterizations of building stock interventions. These challenges hinder the ability to reveal the quantitative description of sufficiency, efficiency and renewable DERs in achieving a carbon-neutral building stock. To address this challenge, this paper presents a multi-model framework to integrate an urban building energy model (UBEM), that supports the consideration of energy conservation and socio-behavioural effects, with a physical-based approach of BIPV potential estimation to estimate energy demand and supply patterns of commercial building stock at the city scale. A scenario-based simulation procedure is constructed to explore the degree of variability of sufficiency and efficiency dimensions in decarbonization pathways as complementary levers rather than contrasting ones. The analysis of results reveals that: sufficiency provides an additional gain of 15 % to reduce the annual median value of energy use intensity (EUI); 60 % reduction in energy demand is observed with larger energy savings originating from efficiency measures accounting for 46 % reduction potential; and sufficiency supports wider decarbonization with reduction of peak load by 18 % and improvement of self-sufficiency (SS) by 20 % with longer duration of negative net load. Overall, this study provides a context-based perspective of energy conservation and socio-behavioural effects to energy modelers and policymakers for achieving broader decarbonization of commercial building stock at the city scale.

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引用次数: 0

Adapting wind shear coefficients to urban morphology: Unlocking urban wind energy potential

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106217

Shuai Kong , Yuliang Xiao , Junliang Cao , Zhitao Han

The varied roughness of building clusters makes the urban wind rather complex. The current exponential wind profile may not accurately capture the spatial variation of urban wind. This study aims to develop urban morphology-based exponents for the exponential wind profile model to improve the assessment of wind energy in urban areas. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, combined with Local Climate Zones (LCZ), was used to simulate wind fields, validated with field data. The study then analyzed wind field distribution urban morphology, introducing wind shear coefficients adapted for various urban morphologies. The results were compared with the existing wind shear coefficients by assessing the wind power potential. The results indicated that wind shear coefficients increase from urban outskirts to centers, with minimal seasonal variation. The annual average wind shear coefficient peaked at 0.50 in Harbin and 0.49 in Guangzhou. Building density, height, and plot ratio (PR), significantly impacts wind fields. PR showed the strongest correlation with the wind shear coefficient as the determining factor. Wind shear coefficients for low (0.0–1.0), medium (1.0–2.0), and high PR zones (2.0+) were 0.33, 0.38, and 0.41 in Harbin, and 0.30,0.35, and 0.40 in Guangzhou, respectively, providing more accurate estimate of urban wind speed.

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引用次数: 0

The impact of urban spatial forms on marine cooling effects in mainland and island regions: A case study of Xiamen, China

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106210

Yuanping Shen , Qiaqia Zhang , Qunyue Liu , Meng Huang , Xiong Yao , Kunneng Jiang , Meihong Ke , Yongju Ren , Zhipeng Zhu

The marine cooling effect (MCE) plays a crucial role in mitigating urban heat island (UHI) in coastal cities. However, limited research has explored how urban spatial forms (USF) influence MCE, particularly between mainland and island regions, which may exhibit distinct cooling dynamics. This study proposes a marine cooling spatial impact value (SIV) index to quantify the impacts of USF on MCE. Utilizing interpretable machine learning models, we explore the nonlinear impacts of key USF on MCE. The research shows that MCE extends further on Xiamen Island than on the mainland. Specially, water bodies enhance MCE, while both impervious surfaces (Im_p) and building density (BD) weaken it. Moreover, elevation - waters interaction enhances their MCE contribution on the mainland, while waters - canopy height (CHM) interaction boosts CHM's contribution on island. This study emphasizes the significant role of the 3D structure of urban forms in shaping MCE, highlighting notable differences between island and mainland regions. Our findings offer a new framework for quantifying the USF-MCE relationship and provide valuable guidance for coastal urban planners to optimize spatial layouts and effectively mitigate UHI effects by considering regional differences in MCE.

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引用次数: 0

Inter- and intra-LCZ thermal heterogeneity: The dominant role of external environments in shaping local land surface temperature

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106188

Xinlu Lin , Xiaodie Lin , Chao Yan

In light of escalating urbanization and climate change, understanding the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect is crucial to improving urban resilience. The Local Climate Zones (LCZs) classification, introduced in 2012, has become a vital tool in urban climate research. While most studies focus on inter-LCZ heterogeneity (temperature differences between LCZ types), this study highlights the less-explored intra-LCZ heterogeneity (variations within the same LCZ type). Using ECOSTRESS LST data, we examine spatial and diurnal LST variations in Fuzhou, China—a representative “Furnace City”. Random Forest models and Shapley values analysis reveal that external factors, such as distance to the city center and proximity to hotspots (like LCZ 3 or 8) or blue–green infrastructure, play significant roles in both inter- and intra-LCZ LST variability. Water bodies typically lower surrounding daytime temperatures but increase them at night, while greenery consistently mitigates surrounding LST throughout the day. Our findings suggest that applying the LCZ framework requires not only attention to local ( 100 m) surface properties but also consideration of neighborhood and city-scale characteristics to better capture the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of urban thermal environments. These insights emphasize the need for urban planning strategies that integrate blue–green infrastructure and manage thermal hotspots to mitigate UHI effects.

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引用次数: 0

Investigating the relationship between spatial morphology, meteorological factors, and elderly people well-being in a traditional algerian village

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106212

Lilia Mahia , Djihed Berkouk , Tallal Abdel Karim Bouzir , Ilaria Pigliautile , Anna Laura Pisello

In the face of climate change, outdoor spaces have become increasingly unfavorable due to heat conditions and the lack of adequate design strategies. The real consequences of these factors on human beings, both physiologically as well as physically and psychologically, are often overlooked in the short term that can turn into a long term with continuous exposure, particularly among elderly people. This study investigates the relationship between spatial morphology, meteorological factors, and the physiological and psychophysical responses of elderly people during a walk. The results demonstrated the elevation as a key factor influencing various physical environments and, consequently, elderly people's responses. High Sky View Factor (SVF) and low Height to Width ratio (H/W) significantly increased Skin Temperature of the Forehead (STForehead) and stress level, leading to a weakened state (P ≤ 0.001) and heightened thermal sensation (0.01 < P < 0.05), ultimately resulting in a decreased walking speed (P ≤ 0.001). In contrast, a higher Visible Green Index (VGI) and Building View Factor (BVF) under low mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) significantly reduced STForehead and stress level, leading to a relaxed and energetic state (P ≤ 0.001) while improving thermal perception (0.01 < P < 0.05). Thanks to the spatial configurations, including optimal H/W ratio, greenery, and northeast-southwest orientation, Tmrt was reduced approximately 5°C on one route compared to the other two. Additionally, the thermal sensation vote (TSV) could be predicted by the skin temperature of the forehead and the energetic-weak state. Meanwhile, the thermal pleasantness vote (TPV) could be predicted by STForehead, walking speed, and the relaxed-unrelaxed state.

面对气候变化，由于高温条件和缺乏适当的设计策略，室外空间变得越来越不利。这些因素对人类生理以及身体和心理的真正影响往往在短期内被忽视，而随着持续暴露在高温下，这种影响可能会转变为长期影响，尤其是对老年人而言。本研究调查了空间形态、气象因素与老年人在步行过程中的生理和心理物理反应之间的关系。结果表明，海拔高度是影响各种物理环境，进而影响老年人反应的关键因素。高天空视角系数（SVF）和低高宽比（H/W）会显著增加前额皮肤温度（STForehead）和压力水平，导致衰弱状态（P ≤ 0.001）和热感觉增强（0.01 < P < 0.05），最终导致行走速度下降（P ≤ 0.001）。与此相反，在平均辐射温度（Tmrt）较低的情况下，较高的可见绿色指数（VGI）和建筑景观系数（BVF）可明显降低 STForehead 和压力水平，使人处于放松和精力充沛的状态（P ≤ 0.001），同时改善热感（0.01 < P <0.05）。由于采用了最佳高/低比、绿化和东北-西南朝向等空间配置，其中一条路线的热感温度比另外两条路线降低了约 5°C。此外，热感投票（TSV）可以通过前额皮肤温度和能量弱状态进行预测。同时，热舒适度投票（TPV）可由 STForehead、步行速度和放松-不放松状态预测。

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引用次数: 0

Review and prediction: Carbon emissions from the materialization of residential buildings in China

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106211

Xing Xiong , Xiaojun Li , Shaobo Chen , Dian Chen , Jinchen Lin

Previous studies on carbon emissions from the materialization of residential buildings differ significantly in their case sources, methods, and research findings. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the general characteristics and driving factors of carbon emissions in this context. A systematic review was carried out with research papers on carbon emissions of the materialization stage of residential buildings in China. Analysis of the carbon emission results reveals an average carbon emission intensity (CEI) of 409.04 kgCO₂e/m². Through standardized coefficients and significance tests, the effects of 20 driving factors were quantified. Four explanatory models were developed using enter regression to interpret the results of existing multi-family building samples. Additionally, four predictive models were created through backward elimination to assist designers in predicting CEI during the conceptual design phase. The findings indicate that minimizing new construction areas is the most effective strategy for reducing total carbon emissions, and adopting prefabricated construction methods significantly decreases CEI. Conversely, enhancements in building performance may inadvertently increase CEI. Other key impact factors on CEI include building age, climate zone, and calculating object. It is important to recognize that the driving factors for the three sub-stages of production, transportation, and construction vary considerably, and thus should be studied separately whenever feasible. This research contributes to promoting carbon reduction in the building industry by advancing research on the calculation of carbon emissions.

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引用次数: 0

Quantifying contributions of geographical features to urban GDP outputs via interpretable machine learning

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106185

Peiran Zhang , Haonan Guo , Fabiano L. Ribeiro , Pavel L. Kirillov , Alla G. Makhrova , Ziyou Gao , Liang Gao

Urban scaling laws, which assume homogeneous population interactions, traditionally describe the relationship between urban population and GDP. However, this approach often overlooks the complexity of urban environments, particularly geographical features such as land use, road networks, and points of interest, which significantly shape urban economies. To address this gap, we propose an interpretable machine learning framework that quantifies the impact of urban geographical features (UGFs) on economic outputs (GDP) across five countries: the USA, Brazil, Nigeria, China, and India. Our study can be summarized in three parts: (1) Using the CatBoost algorithm for GDP estimation, which achieves an average

R^{2}

of 0.96 across countries, we demonstrate the substantial effects of UGFs (2) The Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) method is employed to quantify feature contributions on GDP, revealing that UGFs account for 45% to 89% variance, with influences differing across and within countries. (3) By classifying cities based on feature contribution vectors, we show that cities with similar GDP levels often exhibit analogous contributions from both population and UGFs, suggesting that shared strategies could be applied to cities with comparable economic profiles. Our findings provide valuable insights into the role of UGFs in shaping GDP, advancing the understanding of how UGFs influence economic development, and offering policymakers more informed suggestions. Furthermore, this framework opens new opportunities to integrate diverse urban features into urban studies through machine learning, enhancing our understanding of the complexity of urban systems.

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引用次数: 0

How to plant trees on an elevated road to improve thermal comfort in a street canyon

IF 10.5 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2025-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.106207

Geon Kang , Jae-Jin Kim

This study investigates the impact of trees planted on an elevated road on airflow and thermal comfort in a street canyon using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model, incorporating parameterization schemes for tree drag, shading, and evapotranspiration. To systematically assess the effects of trees on in-canyon airflows and temperatures, varying tree heights and locations were evaluated for three solar altitudes: morning, noon, and afternoon. The elevated road reduced surrounding wind speeds and increased air temperatures due to surface heating. When trees were planted on the elevated road, their drag and cooling effects further decreased wind speeds and temperatures. Specifically, trees taller than 6 m reduced average temperatures by -1.7 °C on the elevated road and -0.6 °C beneath it in pedestrian areas. Thermal comfort was assessed using the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). Shrubs under 1 meter showed high cooling efficiency but limited shading, whereas trees taller than 4 m improved UTCI by 2–8 °C. Central tree planting on the elevated road provided the most significant UTCI improvement, while planting on both sides resulted in higher UTCI in the center. These findings offer guidance for optimizing vegetation placement to enhance thermal comfort and promote sustainable urban environments.

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引用次数: 0