Sustainable Cities and Society最新文献_第8页

Heat exposure and cooling efficiency of trees in a tropical hot-humid neighborhood with a park 带公园的热带湿热社区树木的热暴露和冷却效率

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107122

Clément Nevers , Jan Carmeliet , Aytaç Kubilay , Dominique Derome

As cities increasingly endure hotter conditions, there is a critical need for reliable metrics that capture the cumulative and perceptual nature of pedestrian heat exposure. This study develops an integrated approach combining high-resolution urban Computational Fluid Dynmics (CFD) simulations with two complementary indices: a cumulative Heat Exposure Index and a Cooling Efficiency Index that quantify the magnitude, duration, and spatial variability of human heat stress. The analysis is applied to a tropical hot-humid neighborhood that includes a park, street trees, and lift-up buildings. Heat exposure is defined as the cumulative thermal load exceeding a specified UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) threshold over time, weighted by the Dynamic Thermal Sensation (DTS) to better represent human perception. Cooling efficiency is calculated as the ratio of heat exposure between a test configuration and a reference scenario. This framework enables evaluation of both local and non-local effects on pedestrian comfort. Results show that unshaded areas can reach daily exposures of 700 °C.h, while shaded zones under trees achieve up to 40% reduction, though localized heating up to 25% may occur downwind of dense canopies. Among individual heat mitigation strategies, larger, densely positioned trees, as in parks, are shown to be the most effective, while trees should be avoided in ventilation corridors. The heat exposure index is also used to assess walkability by calculating cumulative thermal stress along pedestrian routes. The proposed approach establishes a reproducible methodology for quantifying cooling efficiency of heat mitigation strategies and translating thermal data into design-relevant indicators.

随着城市越来越多地忍受更热的条件，迫切需要可靠的指标来捕捉行人热暴露的累积和感知性质。本研究开发了一种综合方法，将高分辨率城市计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟与两个互补指数相结合：累积热暴露指数和冷却效率指数，用于量化人类热应激的强度、持续时间和空间变异性。该分析应用于一个热带湿热社区，该社区包括一个公园、行道树和电梯建筑。热暴露被定义为随时间超过特定UTCI（通用热气候指数）阈值的累积热负荷，并通过动态热感觉（DTS）加权，以更好地代表人类感知。冷却效率计算为测试配置和参考场景之间的热暴露比。这个框架可以评估本地和非本地对行人舒适度的影响。结果表明，未遮荫的地区可以达到700°C.h的日暴露，而树木下的遮荫区可以减少高达40%的暴露，尽管密集树冠的下风可能发生高达25%的局部加热。在个别的减热策略中，较大的、密集的树木，如在公园中，被证明是最有效的，而在通风走廊中应避免树木。热暴露指数也被用来通过计算沿行人路线的累积热应力来评估步行性。拟议的方法建立了一种可重复的方法，用于量化减热策略的冷却效率，并将热数据转化为与设计相关的指标。

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引用次数: 0

Rooftop PV layout generation and optimization model for large-scale building cluster 大型建筑集群屋顶光伏布局生成及优化模型

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107129

Rui Miao , Haoqing Zhu , Yi Zhang , Kanghua Li , Yuan Yuan , Pengyuan Shen , He Qi

Rooftop photovoltaic (PV) deployment at the cluster scale is critical for advancing urban decarbonization, yet existing methods often oversimplify available area estimation, neglect engineering constraints, and struggle to balance energy, economic, and environmental objectives. To address these gaps, this study proposes an integrated model comprising three modules: (1) high-fidelity identification of available rooftop area by explicitly excluding shadow area, obstacles with buffer zones, and maintenance pathways; (2) automated generation of 3D engineering-feasible PV layouts; and (3) a hybrid single- and multi-objective optimization with TOPSIS-based decision-making. Applied to a 245-building cluster in Shenzhen, the model identified 23,982 m² of available area (46.51 % ratio), more conservative than typical utilization-factor assumptions. It generated detailed 3D, module-level PV layouts for 198 buildings, enabling high-fidelity PV output simulation accounting for site-specific orientation, tilt, and shading. Across all budget levels, the optimized solutions outperformed 30,000 random alternatives, with internal rates of return ranging from 16.1 % to 19.2 %. Under the high-budget scenario, the CEB-optimal solution, which utilizes all technically feasible rooftops, achieves a 10-year cumulative energy yield of 61.61 GWh and carbon emission reductions of 27,725.59 t CO₂. By decoupling layout generation from optimization, the framework reduces computational complexity and enables efficient generation of optimized deployment solutions. The proposed framework facilitates large-scale rooftop PV deployment and contributes to the decarbonization of urban energy systems.

以集群规模部署屋顶光伏（PV）对于推进城市脱碳至关重要，但现有方法往往过于简化可用面积估算，忽视工程约束，难以平衡能源、经济和环境目标。为了解决这些差距，本研究提出了一个包含三个模块的集成模型：(1)通过明确排除阴影区域、带缓冲区的障碍物和维护路径，高保真地识别可用的屋顶区域；(2)自动化生成三维工程可行的光伏布局；(3)基于topsis的单目标和多目标混合优化决策。将该模型应用于深圳245栋建筑集群，得出可利用面积为23,982平方米（46.51%），比典型的利用因子假设更为保守。它为198座建筑生成了详细的3D、模块级光伏布局，实现了高保真的光伏输出模拟，考虑了场地特定的方向、倾斜和阴影。在所有预算水平上，优化后的解决方案都优于3万个随机选择方案，内部回报率在16.1%至19.2%之间。在高预算情景下，ceb最优方案利用了所有技术上可行的屋顶，10年累计发电量为61.61 GWh，碳排放量减少27,725.59吨二氧化碳。通过将布局生成与优化解耦，该框架降低了计算复杂度，并能够有效地生成优化的部署解决方案。拟议的框架促进了大规模的屋顶光伏部署，并有助于城市能源系统的脱碳。

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引用次数: 0

CFD simulation of mixed convection and pollutant dispersion in street canyons: A comparative assessment of LES, RANS, and SAS 街道峡谷中混合对流和污染物扩散的CFD模拟：LES、RANS和SAS的比较评估

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107126

Weiheng Liang, Xing Zheng

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a crucial technique for investigating urban wind and thermal environments. However, a clear understanding of the performance of different CFD approaches for wind and buoyancy-driven conditions in urban canyons remains lacking. This study systematically evaluates the performance of various CFD approaches for a street canyon with heated walls by comparing them with wind tunnel experimental data. The CFD approaches include three Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models: the standard

k

–

ɛ

(SKE), the realizable

k

–

ɛ

(RKE), and the shear stress transport

k

–

ω

model (SST); scale-adaptive simulations (SAS) with Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers less than 1 (SAS-CFL1) and 20 (SASCFL20); and large eddy simulation (LES). CFD simulation results for velocity, air temperature, and pollutant concentration are validated against WT measurement data. The findings indicate that the LES simulation achieves the highest accuracy across all flow variables evaluated, with normalized mean square error (

N M S E

) values of 0.15 for velocity, 0.12 for temperature, and 0.64 for pollutant concentration. Although the two SAS simulations exhibit slightly lower accuracy than LES, they maintain similar and satisfactory performance, with the SAS-CFL20 yielding

N M S E

values of 0.16 for velocity, 0.26 for air temperature, and 0.90 for pollutant concentration. The three RANS models, however, exhibit significant inaccuracies, with the SKE model yielding

N M S E

values of 0.47 for velocity, 0.41 for temperature, and 2.04 for pollutant concentration. These inaccuracies are primarily due to the overestimation of buoyancy effects near heated walls, which notably enlarges the thermal-induced vortex and subsequently altering flow directions near the pollutant emission source. Among the evaluated CFD approaches, the SAS-CFL20 is approximately 15 times faster than the LES, presenting a favorable balance between accuracy and computational efficiency. These findings highlight the potential of the SAS-CFL20 for practical applications in future urban thermal environment studies.

计算流体力学（CFD）是研究城市风热环境的一项重要技术。然而，对于不同CFD方法在城市峡谷中风和浮力驱动条件下的性能，人们仍然缺乏清晰的认识。本文通过与风洞实验数据的比较，系统地评估了不同CFD方法在带加热壁的街道峡谷中的性能。CFD方法包括三种reynolds -average Navier-Stokes （RANS）模型：标准k - ε (SKE)、可实现k - ε (RKE)和剪切应力输运k - ω模型（SST）；CFL数小于1 （SAS- cfl1）和20 （SASCFL20）的尺度自适应模拟（SAS）；和大涡模拟（LES）。CFD模拟速度、空气温度和污染物浓度的结果与WT测量数据进行了验证。研究结果表明，LES模拟在所有评估的流量变量中都达到了最高的精度，流速的归一化均方误差（NMSE）为0.15，温度为0.12，污染物浓度为0.64。尽管两种SAS模拟的精度略低于LES，但它们保持了相似且令人满意的性能，SAS- cfl20对速度的NMSE值为0.16，对气温的NMSE值为0.26，对污染物浓度的NMSE值为0.90。然而，三个RANS模型表现出明显的不准确性，其中SKE模型的速度NMSE值为0.47，温度NMSE值为0.41，污染物浓度NMSE值为2.04。这些不准确性主要是由于对热壁附近浮力效应的高估，这明显地扩大了热诱导涡，并随后改变了污染物排放源附近的流动方向。在所评估的CFD方法中，SAS-CFL20比LES快约15倍，在精度和计算效率之间取得了良好的平衡。这些发现突出了SAS-CFL20在未来城市热环境研究中的实际应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level of an actual urban morphology: Statistical correlation and space-time evolution 一个实际城市形态中行人层面的极端风事件：统计相关性和时空演化

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107121

Wei Wang, Yezhan Li, Naoki Ikegaya

Extreme wind events at the pedestrian level in urban areas pose significant safety risks. While most previous studies have emphasized the statistical (“static”) aspect, the parameters that best characterize extreme values remain unclear, and few have explored their spatiotemporal (“dynamic”) evolution. To address these gaps, this study investigates both aspects using large-eddy simulation (LES) within a realistic urban morphology. The analysis integrates statistical correlations with spatiotemporal evolution to provide a comprehensive understanding of extreme winds in complex urban environments. Correlation results show that skewness has the strongest relationship with gust and peak factors, underscoring its potential for improving statistical models. Higher-order moments (up to the sixth) are mainly positively correlated with gust and peak factors, but their weak or moderate association with exceedance wind speed suggests that extreme events are mainly governed by the combined effects of mean flow and standard deviation, rather than gust or peak factors alone. Turbulence measures such as integral time scale, and peak frequency exhibit only marginal links to extremes. The spatiotemporal evolution is examined through conditional space–time proper orthogonal decomposition (CST-POD). Although the first CST-POD mode aligns well with conditional averages, over 75% of the energy resides in higher modes. Reconstructing weaker events requires multiple modes, particularly in sheltered regions, whereas dominant low-order modes near tall buildings allow accurate reconstruction with fewer modes. This study advances understanding of extreme winds by integrating statistical and dynamical perspectives, offering insights for improved urban wind risk assessment.

城市地区行人层面的极端大风事件带来了重大的安全风险。虽然大多数先前的研究都强调统计（“静态”）方面，但最能表征极端值的参数仍然不清楚，很少有人探索它们的时空（“动态”）演变。为了解决这些差距，本研究在现实的城市形态中使用大涡模拟（LES）来研究这两个方面。该分析将统计相关性与时空演变相结合，提供了对复杂城市环境中极端风的全面理解。相关结果表明，偏度与阵风和峰值因子的关系最强，强调了其改进统计模型的潜力。高阶矩（至6阶矩）主要与阵风和峰值因子呈正相关，但与超速风速的相关性较弱或中等，表明极端事件主要受平均流量和标准差的综合影响，而不是单独受阵风或峰值因子的影响。湍流测量，如积分时间尺度和峰值频率，只显示出与极端情况的边际联系。通过条件时空固有正交分解（CST-POD）来考察时空演化。尽管第一个CST-POD模态与条件平均模态吻合得很好，但超过75%的能量存在于更高模态。重建较弱的事件需要多种模式，特别是在有遮蔽的地区，而高层建筑附近的主要低阶模式允许用更少的模式进行精确的重建。本研究通过整合统计和动力学的观点，促进了对极端风的理解，为改进城市风风险评估提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Ensuring reliable district heating systems: Identifying critical components under independent and cascading failure scenarios 确保可靠的区域供热系统：在独立和级联故障情况下识别关键部件

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2026.107118

Ding Mao , Sai Xu , Jay Wang , Linhua Shen , Wei He

Urban district heating systems are vital infrastructures of sustainable cities, providing efficient and centralized thermal energy to residential and industrial users. However, these systems consist of numerous interdependent components that are prone to faults, which can disrupt heat supply and compromise service reliability. Identifying critical components to maintain system stability is crucial for enhancing the resilience and sustainability of urban energy infrastructure. Critical components are generally determined by evaluating the consequences of failures, which involves simulating all possible fault scenarios, a process that is computationally expensive and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we propose a comprehensive component importance identification framework. This framework incorporates two methods: the Importance Calculation Method (ICM), which operates under normal system conditions, and the Failure-Simulation-Based Method (FSM), which simulates failure consequences. These methods evaluate component criticality under both independent and cascading failure scenarios, incorporating topological and functional perspectives. To validate the proposed framework, gridded heating system models of varying scales, comprising 4-, 9-, 16-, and 25-node configurations, were developed. Applying the framework to these models revealed a strong correlation between ICM and FSM results: the topological importance index in ICM showed a high correlation with FSM’s functional consequence indices (ρ > 0.75), while the functional importance indices achieved even higher correlations (ρ = 0.94–0.97). Finally, the framework was applied to a real-world district heating system in China, where it successfully identified critical pipes and demonstrated the effectiveness and practical value of the proposed ICM through comparison with traditional fault-simulation-based methods.

城市区域供热系统是可持续城市的重要基础设施，为住宅和工业用户提供高效和集中的热能。然而，这些系统由许多相互依赖的组件组成，这些组件容易发生故障，这可能会中断供热并降低服务可靠性。确定维持系统稳定的关键组成部分对于增强城市能源基础设施的韧性和可持续性至关重要。关键组件通常是通过评估故障的后果来确定的，这涉及到模拟所有可能的故障场景，这是一个计算成本高且耗时的过程。为了应对这一挑战，我们提出了一个全面的组件重要性识别框架。该框架包含两种方法：在正常系统条件下运行的重要性计算方法（ICM）和模拟故障后果的基于故障模拟的方法（FSM）。这些方法在独立故障和级联故障两种情况下评估组件的临界性，并结合拓扑和功能观点。为了验证提出的框架，开发了不同规模的网格加热系统模型，包括4、9、16和25个节点配置。将该框架应用于这些模型，发现ICM与FSM结果之间存在很强的相关性：ICM中的拓扑重要性指数与FSM的功能后果指数高度相关（ρ > 0.75），而功能重要性指数的相关性更高（ρ = 0.94-0.97）。最后，将该框架应用于中国的实际区域供热系统，通过与传统的基于故障模拟的方法进行比较，成功地识别了关键管道，并证明了所提出的ICM的有效性和实用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Achieving sustainable development in coastal cities: Exploring the synergies between urban resilience and high-quality development 实现沿海城市可持续发展：探索城市韧性与高质量发展的协同效应

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107112

Tian Jing , Huihui Wang , Yunsong Yang , Yemin Jin , Weijun Yu , Yuhao Zhong

Coastal cities play a pivotal role in national economic growth and regional development, yet they are increasingly challenged by climate change, rapid urbanization, and environmental degradation. Balancing urban resilience (UR)―the capacity to withstand and adapt to shocks-with high-quality development (HQD)―the pursuit of sustainable, inclusive, and innovation-driven growth-has become a critical issue in achieving long-term coastal sustainability. This study proposes an integrated methodological framework that combines multi-dimensional evaluation, coupling coordination (CCD) modeling, and spatiotemporal regression analysis to quantitatively assess and interpret the dynamic interactions between UR and HQD in 55 Chinese coastal cities from 2010 to 2020, revealing their spatial heterogeneity, temporal evolution, and key driving mechanisms. Furthermore, a complex network analysis is employed on the UR–HQD coordination system to identify structural linkages and evolutionary patterns of their synergistic interaction over time. The results reveal pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the UR-HQD coordination degree, with the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta showing stable and high levels of synergy, while northern and southeastern coastal areas remain relatively weak. The overall coupling level has improved over time but still reflects persistent regional disparities. Green infrastructure investment, urbanization rate, and healthcare coverage emerged as key drivers enhancing synergy, whereas excessive resource dependence and ecological pressure hindered balanced development. The network analysis reveals an optimization of internal linkages toward more adaptive structures, characterized by a trade-off where rising modularity and local transitivity improve cluster robustness while reducing global integration efficiency. These findings offer empirical insights into the dynamic co-evolution of resilience and development and provide a reference for adaptive governance and coordinated policy design in coastal urban transformation.

沿海城市在国家经济增长和区域发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用，但也日益受到气候变化、快速城市化和环境恶化的挑战。平衡城市韧性（UR）——抵御和适应冲击的能力——与高质量发展（HQD）——追求可持续、包容和创新驱动的增长——已经成为实现沿海长期可持续发展的关键问题。本文采用多维评价、耦合协调（CCD）建模和时空回归分析相结合的综合方法框架，定量评价和解释了2010 - 2020年中国55个沿海城市城市开放度与城市开放度的动态相互作用，揭示了城市开放度与城市开放度的空间异质性、时间演化特征及其关键驱动机制。此外，对UR-HQD协调系统进行了复杂网络分析，以确定其协同作用的结构联系及其随时间的演化模式。结果表明：长江三角洲与珠江三角洲协同程度具有明显的空间异质性，长三角和珠三角协同程度稳定且较高，而北部和东南沿海地区协同程度相对较弱；随着时间的推移，整体耦合水平有所提高，但仍反映出持续的地区差异。绿色基础设施投资、城镇化率、医疗覆盖率成为增强协同效应的关键驱动因素，过度的资源依赖和生态压力阻碍了协调发展。网络分析揭示了一种面向更适应性结构的内部联系优化，其特点是在提高模块化和局部传递性的同时提高集群鲁棒性，同时降低全局集成效率。这些研究结果为弹性与发展的动态协同演化提供了实证见解，并为沿海城市转型中的适应性治理和协调政策设计提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

BIKE (Bicycle Integration Key Elements) Index: Benchmarking urban bikeability and cycling readiness. Evidences from European capitals BIKE（自行车集成关键要素）指数：对城市自行车可骑行性和骑行准备进行基准测试。来自欧洲各国首都的证据

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107096

Alejandro Quintero Gómez, Pablo Calvo-Bascones

This study introduces the BIKE Index, a multi-dimensional and reproducible framework for evaluating urban cycling conditions across cities, developed in response to the lack of standardized tools for assessing bikeability in urban areas. The index integrates four key dimensions into a composite score: Cycling Infrastructure, Cyclist Services, Environmental Constraints, and Safety and Street Quality. The dimensions are derived from open data sources, and consistent geospatial methods, including urban perimeters derived from Local Administrative Units and a standardized set of 210 cycling routes per city.

The methodology is applied to thirteen European capital cities using harmonized data from OpenStreetMap, OpenRouteService, Eurostat, Google maps, and E-OBS climate datasets. The results reveal significant disparities in cycling conditions, with scores ranging from Amsterdam (best) to Rome (worst). While infrastructure emerges as the primary differentiator, services, environmental factors, and safety also play critical roles. These findings suggest that creating cycling-friendly cities requires coordinated progress across all four dimensions. The BIKE Index offers a transparent and scalable methodology for benchmarking cycling conditions, enabling consistent comparisons and supporting evidence-based planning and policy making strategies.

本研究引入了BIKE指数，这是一个多维度的、可复制的框架，用于评估各城市的城市自行车状况，是针对缺乏评估城市地区自行车可骑性的标准化工具而开发的。该指数将四个关键维度整合为综合得分：自行车基础设施、骑行者服务、环境约束、安全和街道质量。这些维度来自开放数据源和一致的地理空间方法，包括来自地方行政单位的城市周长和每个城市210条自行车路线的标准化集合。该方法使用来自OpenStreetMap、OpenRouteService、Eurostat、谷歌地图和E-OBS气候数据集的统一数据应用于13个欧洲首都。结果显示了骑车条件的显著差异，得分从阿姆斯特丹（最好）到罗马（最差）不等。虽然基础设施是主要的差异化因素，但服务、环境因素和安全也发挥着关键作用。这些发现表明，创建自行车友好型城市需要在所有四个方面协调进展。自行车指数提供了一种透明和可扩展的方法，用于对骑行条件进行基准测试，实现一致的比较，并支持基于证据的规划和政策制定战略。

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引用次数: 0

A network-based framework for cost-effective Green–Grey retrofitting of urban drainage systems 基于网络的高效绿灰城市排水系统改造框架

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107101

Ge Yang , Bowei Zeng , Wenjie Chen , Guoru Huang

Urban drainage retrofitting is often constrained by limited understanding of where and why subsystems fail. This study presents a network-based framework that links hydraulic diagnosis with cost-effective intervention planning. Using graph-based community detection, the drainage system was partitioned into 123 Urban Hydrological Response Units, enabling subsystem-scale assessment of pressure–capacity imbalance. Results show that only 9% of the network generated 83% of overflow (Gini = 0.65), a pattern stable across 5-, 20-, and 50-year storms. The Pressure–Capacity Index revealed two dominant failure mechanisms—impervious-driven runoff (71%) and upstream accumulation (28%). Evaluation of 45 retrofit scenarios showed that targeting upstream-loaded areas reduced unit costs by 52.5% compared with uniform deployment (0.68 vs. 1.43

\times 1 0^{4}

CNY m⁻³ for 20-year storms). Grey upgrades were the most economical (0.30–0.90

\times 1 0^{4}

CNY m⁻³), outperforming green and hybrid measures by factors of 9–15. Function-oriented strategies maintained higher resilience under intensified storms (9–15% performance loss) than hotspot-based approaches (35–45%). Pareto analysis identified diminishing returns beyond a 44-million-CNY investment for system-wide grey upgrades, whereas targeted interventions required only 20.08 million CNY to achieve comparable benefits. Relying solely on standard municipal datasets, the proposed framework enables cities to diagnose network vulnerabilities and design phased, mechanism-based retrofitting pathways under climate-exacerbated rainfall extremes.

城市排水系统的改造常常受到子系统在哪里失效以及为什么失效的有限理解的制约。本研究提出了一个基于网络的框架，将水力诊断与具有成本效益的干预计划联系起来。利用基于图的社区检测，将排水系统划分为123个城市水文响应单元，实现了子系统尺度的压力-容量不平衡评估。结果表明，只有9%的网络产生了83%的溢出（基尼系数= 0.65），这种模式在5年、20年和50年的风暴中都是稳定的。压力-容量指数揭示了两种主要的破坏机制——不透水驱动的径流（71%）和上游积累（28%）。对45种改造方案的评估表明，与统一部署相比，以上游负荷区域为目标的改造方案可降低52.5%的单位成本（0.68 vs 1.43×104 CNY m- 3）。灰色升级是最经济的（0.30-0.90×104 CNY m−3），以9-15的因子优于绿色和混合措施。功能导向策略比基于热点的策略（35-45%）在强风暴下保持更高的弹性（9-15%的性能损失）。帕累托分析发现，投资4400万元用于全系统灰色升级后，收益会逐渐减少，而有针对性的干预措施只需要2008万元就能实现类似的效益。仅依靠标准的市政数据集，拟议的框架使城市能够诊断网络脆弱性，并在气候加剧的极端降雨下设计分阶段、基于机制的改造途径。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring micro-environmental conditions of urban agrivoltaics: Advancing sustainable green spaces and agriculture in temperate cities 探索城市农电的微环境条件：推进温带城市的可持续绿色空间和农业

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107091

Caroline Merheb , Joshua S. Caplan , Cara Rydzewski , Pralad Phuyal , Jordan Macknick , Nicholas Davatzes , Sujith Ravi

Agrivoltaics, the integrated land use combining renewable energy production and agriculture, can potentially address key challenges faced by urban communities, including limited access to vacant land, fresh produce, and electricity. However, urban agrivoltaics has rarely been considered a viable solution, primarily due to a lack of experimental systems demonstrating the functionality of urban food production or green spaces alongside solar energy production. To evaluate the potential of solar photovoltaics to help mitigate heat stress on urban agriculture and green spaces in a temperate climate, we examined the microclimatic changes introduced by an urban agrivoltaics system (UrAV) when combined with vegetable crops and turfgrass, respectively. Accordingly, we installed an experimental setup instrumented with environmental sensors to compare full-sun conditions with those of an agrivoltaics system designed for urban environments. We found minimal differences for both land cover types between the control and agrivoltaics sites in air and soil temperature. However, during periods of intensified summer heat, temperatures beneath the panels cooled due to reductions in wind speed and relative humidity, which impeded the movement of hot, moist air and reduced reference evapotranspiration. Further, soil moisture in UrAV was highly spatially heterogeneous, influenced by the layout of the photovoltaic panels and their support structure, which redistributed rainfall and controlled where solar radiation could penetrate and drive evapotranspiration. Overall, our results suggest that PV-induced environmental changes in temperate climates are compatible with cultivating turfgrass or appropriate crops. These findings can help planners and designers integrate agrivoltaics into community gardens, farms, and green spaces in temperate cities.

农业发电是将可再生能源生产与农业相结合的综合土地利用，可以潜在地解决城市社区面临的关键挑战，包括获得空地、新鲜农产品和电力的机会有限。然而，城市农业发电很少被认为是一个可行的解决方案，主要是因为缺乏实验系统来证明城市食品生产或绿色空间与太阳能生产的功能。为了评估太阳能光伏发电在温带气候下帮助缓解城市农业和绿色空间热应激的潜力，我们分别研究了城市农业光伏系统（UrAV）与蔬菜作物和草坪草相结合时带来的小气候变化。因此，我们安装了一个装有环境传感器的实验装置，以比较全日照条件和为城市环境设计的农业发电系统的条件。我们发现，两种土地覆盖类型在控制区和农业发电区之间的空气和土壤温度差异很小。然而，在夏季高温加剧期间，由于风速和相对湿度的降低，面板下的温度下降，这阻碍了湿热空气的流动，减少了参考蒸散量。此外，受光伏板布局及其支撑结构的影响，UrAV的土壤湿度具有高度的空间异质性，从而重新分配降雨，控制太阳辐射穿透和驱动蒸散发的位置。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，在温带气候下，pv引起的环境变化与种植草坪草或适当的作物是相容的。这些发现可以帮助规划者和设计师在温带城市将农业发电整合到社区花园、农场和绿色空间中。

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引用次数: 0

Heat-resilient neighborhoods: Design tool for arid cities 耐热社区：干旱城市的设计工具

IF 12 1区工程技术 Q1 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

Sustainable Cities and Society

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2025.107093

María Belén Sosa , Erica Correa

This work explores the critical role of urban planning and design in creating heat-resilient neighborhoods in arid cities. As global warming intensifies, cities in hot and arid regions face increasingly extreme temperatures that pose significant challenges to public health, infrastructure, and overall quality of life. The study examines a range of design strategies that urban planners can use to mitigate heat stress and increase resilience in these environments. Focusing on the development of a user-friendly design tool, the study offers practical solutions to help neighborhoods adapt to arid climates while improving thermal livability. The tool emphasizes heat-reducing urban planning strategies by quantifying the impact of feasible interventions to achieve efficient and sustainable neighborhood designs. The study was conducted in Mendoza - Argentina, an arid city in South America. The methodology included: (i) in-situ microclimate monitoring campaigns, (ii) simulation of 128 scenarios using Envi-MET software, (iii) development of statistical models, and (iv) development of the FORMA3T tool. The application of urban cooling design tools provides a responsible approach to planning that ensures the resilience of neighborhoods in arid cities. By providing data-driven and context solutions, this tool enables urban designers to make informed decisions that mitigate heat stress, improve quality of life, and promote long-term environmental sustainability.

这项工作探讨了城市规划和设计在干旱城市中创造耐热社区的关键作用。随着全球变暖加剧，炎热和干旱地区的城市面临越来越极端的温度，这对公共卫生、基础设施和整体生活质量构成了重大挑战。该研究考察了城市规划者可以使用的一系列设计策略，以减轻热应激并增加这些环境的恢复能力。该研究的重点是开发一种用户友好的设计工具，提供实用的解决方案，帮助社区适应干旱气候，同时提高热宜居性。该工具通过量化可行干预措施的影响来强调减少热量的城市规划策略，以实现高效和可持续的社区设计。这项研究是在阿根廷门多萨进行的，这是南美洲一个干旱的城市。方法包括：(i)现场小气候监测活动，（ii）使用Envi-MET软件模拟128种情景，（iii）开发统计模型，以及（iv）开发FORMA3T工具。城市冷却设计工具的应用提供了一种负责任的规划方法，确保干旱城市社区的弹性。通过提供数据驱动和环境解决方案，该工具使城市设计师能够做出明智的决策，减轻热压力，提高生活质量，促进长期的环境可持续性。

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引用次数: 0