Revista Latino-Americana De Enfermagem最新文献

Objective: to understand nurses' perception about their role in reducing health inequalities in community contexts.

Method: a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach addressed from Heidegger's Interpretive Theory and the health inequality settings. A total of 18 in-depth interviews were conducted with nurses working in health institutions devoted to community interventions. The following five-phase process was adopted for the qualitative data analysis: Accumulation; Disassembling; Reassembling; Interpretation; and Conclusion.

Results: four main topics that nurses mobilize to mitigate health inequalities in community settings were identified, namely: Competences to create, operationalize, monitor and assess health policies; Leadership and management for health and care processes at the individual and collective levels; Professionals that devise care strategies; and Care approach based on characteristics of the territory.

Conclusion: nurses perceive that their role contributes significantly to reducing health inequalities in community settings based on the creation, operationalization, monitoring and assessment of health policies. From the sociocultural, economic and political characteristics of the territory, they prioritize actions in disadvantaged human groups in order to improve access, opportunities, continuity and quality in health.

Objective: to analyze the meaning attributed by parents to the extended and permanent survival of childhood cancer.

Method: qualitative narrative inquiry, developed with parents of adolescents and young adults who survived childhood cancer. Recruitment and data collection involved virtual and in-person approaches. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed according to reflective thematic analysis.

Results: a total of ten parents were included in the study. Two thematic narrative syntheses were constructed: "Times of war"; and "Time of uncertain peace", with their respective sub-themes. The cancer diagnosis marks the beginning of times of war in the parents' lives. They experience cancer treatment as "highs and lows" with potential threats to their children's lives. After that, "Time of uncertain peace" are reached, and the balance of the family unit is reestablished. However, the fear of recurrence makes the family peace uncertain, and its maintenance requires constant vigilance and attention to the signs and symptoms of a possible new battle.

Conclusion: the results highlight the experience of being a parent of a childhood cancer survivor and can be applied to develop models of care centered on the survivors' family.

Objective: to map the scientific literature on the validity of instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided in primary health care for chronic diseases related to systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, leprosy and tuberculosis.

Method: scoping review, following the Joanna Briggs Institute method and described in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. 13 databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was carried out after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. The data was extracted based on an elaborate script and presented in tables and charts.

Results: the analysis of 28 selected studies showed that the majority were from Brazil, followed by China and Malaysia. Almost half of the validated instruments were generic, and the specific ones covered the evaluation of diabetes mellitus and leprosy. The types of validation carried out were content and construct.

Conclusion: there is a need to construct specific instruments due to the scarcity of studies on the process of validating instruments for evaluating the quality of services provided by primary health care for chronic diseases.

Highlights: (1) Validated instruments for evaluating services in chronic diseases.(2) Possibility of carrying out new studies on adaptations of PCAT and PACIC.(3) No evaluation was identified for minors under 18 years of age with chronic diseases.(4) Use of a generic instrument to evaluate specific chronic diseases.

Objective: to describe the feelings expressed by health professionals when caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence from the theoretical perspective of Symbolic Interactionism.

Method: qualitative research carried out with 30 female health professionals. An instrument was used consisting of closed questions for sociodemographic data and a script with open questions for interviews. The data was organized and analyzed using Nvivo software version 12, according to Bardin's proposal, from the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism in the work of Charles Morris. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee.

Results: five thematic categories emerged, revealing feelings of empathy, fear, indignation, suffering, and consternation. These feelings remained in the interviewees' memories, making caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence a moving and difficult experience that deeply marks the life of the health professional.

Conclusion: there is a need to adopt strategies to support the mental health of professionals who work in services that provide general care to children and adolescents, considering that there is a possibility that they will provide care to child and adolescent victims of sexual violence in compliance with pre-existing public policies.

Highlights: (1) Feelings stem from individual impressions in line with social interaction. (2) Caring for child and adolescent victims has a negative impact on professionals' emotions. (3) Service managers need to pay attention to the health of professionals who assist victims.

Objective: to understand nurses' leadership perceptions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazilian university hospitals, through the lens of John Kotter's concepts and his eight-step change model.

Method: a multicenter qualitative research with an analytical design. The sample comprised 139 nurses working in COVID-19 settings, interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. Data were categorized through Bardin's content analysis based on John Kotter's concepts and his eight-step change model.

Results: the findings yielded significant insights into nurses' perceptions of leadership during the COVID-19 response, which exhibited characteristics consistent with Kotter's principles. There is evidence of leadership based on the pursuit of knowledge, grounded in polished communication, facilitating teamwork through a relationship of trust and respect. The recognition of the complexity and difficulty of exercising nursing leadership, particularly in crisis contexts, is apparent.

Conclusion: nurses' perceptions reinforce essential elements for leadership practice, such as the importance of seeking diverse knowledge, polished communication, relationships based on trust and respect, and recognition of the complexity of leadership, thus presenting characteristics in line with Kotter's principles.

Highlights: (1) Nurses' perceptions of leadership during COVID-19 were highlighted. (2) COVID-19 intensified the complexity in nurses' leadership roles. (3) Nurses' leadership was consolidated in knowledge, communication, trust. (4) Working in the COVID-19 response as a nurse-leader has become challenging. (5) Kotter's principles assist in reflections on nurses' leadership.

Objective: to analyze the association between coronavirus disease infection and thromboembolic events in people with cancer in the first year of the pandemic.

Method: case-control study carried out by collecting medical records. The selected cases were adults with cancer, diagnosed with a thromboembolic event, treated in the selected service units during the first year of the pandemic. The control group included adults with cancer without a diagnosis of a thromboembolic event. Pearson's chi-square test was applied to verify the association between risk factors and the outcome and logistic regression techniques were applied to identify the odds ratio for the occurrence of a thromboembolic event.

Results: there were 388 cases and 440 control cases included in the study (ratio 1/1). Females predominated, who were white, with mean age of 58.2 (±14.8) years. Antineoplastic chemotherapy was the most used treatment and coronavirus disease was identified in 11.59% of participants. In the case group, deep vein thrombosis was more prevalent.

Conclusion: the study confirmed the hypothesis that coronavirus disease infection did not increase the chance of thromboembolic events in people with cancer. For the population studied, the factors that were associated with these events were those related to cancer and its treatment.

Highlights: (1) Deep vein thrombosis was what prevailed in the studied population. (2) Chemotherapy increased the chance of thromboembolic events by 65%. (3) Thromboembolic events showed a significant association with a higher death rate as the outcome. (4) COVID-19 did not increase the risk of thromboembolic events in people with cancer.

Objective: evaluate the functional performance and technical quality of the Wise Infant Development® educational software with experts.

Method: methodological research that followed the software evaluation process according to the ISO/IEC 25010 and NBR ISO-IEC 14598-6 standards. The software's functional performance was assessed by a group of nurse experts and its technical quality by information technology experts. The Content Validity Index and the Binomial test were used for statistical analysis.

Results: in both expert groups, agreement was greater than 70%, indicating that the software is suitable and pertinent to what was proposed in all its evaluated characteristics: functional suitability, reliability, usability, performance efficiency, compatibility, security, maintainability, and portability. The technology received suggestions for improvement, which were accepted.

Conclusion: the Wise Infant Development® software was well evaluated by the experts and could contribute to teaching about infant development, both in undergraduate nursing courses and in professional training.

Highlights: (1) The software presents satisfactory technical quality and functional performance. (2) Technology is useful in the students' teaching-learning process. (3) The software can be used to train child health professionals.

Objective: analyzing the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the knowledge of nursing professionals regarding the immunization of people with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Method: a quasi-experimental study evaluated professionals' knowledge through a knowledge test applied before and after the development of an online training course. The data was analyzed using frequency, median, mean, standard deviation, and association tests.

Results: the sample consisted of 77 nursing professionals whose mean age was 43.2 years (SD+/-8.2). More than half of the individuals worked in basic health units (58.4%), 22.1% worked in specialized services that provide clinical monitoring for people with the human immunodeficiency virus, and 42 (54.5%) were nursing assistants or technicians. The professionals' performance improved after the intervention, with an increase in the median number of correct answers from 23.0 to 27.0 (p<0.001).

Conclusion: offering an online training course on the immunization of people with the human immunodeficiency virus, as a continuing education activity, proved to be effective in improving nursing professionals' knowledge on this subject.

Highlights: (1) Services do not evaluate the vaccination status of people living with HIV.(2) The knowledge of health professionals may influence vaccination rates.(3) Health professionals' knowledge of immunization may be insufficient.

Objective: to describe factors of influence of telenursing on naturalistic decision making about self-care of people with heart failure during COVID-19.

Method: this is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach, with 16 participants interviewed after hospitalization for decompensated heart failure. The data was collected using audio and video technology and submitted to content analysis, guided by the Situation-Specific Theory of Heart Failure Self-Care.

Result: two thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Self-care as a decision-making process and Factors influencing decision-making, which describe tele-nursing as a support resource for people with heart failure, during changes in care in the pandemic period.

Conclusion: it was possible to understand the relationship between telenursing and the establishment of a bond, in order to stimulate naturalistic decision-making by people with heart failure in their daily lives in a coherent way, leading to better health outcomes.

Highlights: (1) Different barriers compromise the decision-making of people with heart failure.(2) Nursing theories can guide coherent self-care attitudes.(3) Continuity of care and a support network are necessary after hospitalization.(4) Emotional support for people with heart failure must go hand in hand with conventional treatment.(5) The bond through tele-nursing provides positive health outcomes.