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Nexus Between Desire for Independence and New Venture Creation 渴望独立与创建新企业之间的联系
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no9.2023.pg34.43
Osadolor Victor, Abere Benjamin Olusola
The study investigates the nexus between desire for independence and new venture creation in Oredo local government area of Edo State. The study adopted a survey design. The study's population comprised of 279 serving corps member, from which the same figure was chosen as the sample size. Data were collected through primary source. Copies of questionnaire were distributed and hypotheses were tested using logistic regression. The findings revealed that independence has significant effect on new venture creation. The study recommended that, there is need for skill training and development programmes anchored on supporting young graduates to be independent, as it has a greater capacity to ensure they develop the will power to create a new venture.
本研究调查了埃多州奥雷多地方政府地区的独立愿望与新企业创建之间的关系。研究采用了调查设计。研究对象包括 279 名现役团员,并从中选取相同数字作为样本量。数据通过第一手资料收集。发放了调查问卷,并使用逻辑回归法对假设进行了检验。研究结果表明,独立性对创建新企业有重大影响。研究建议,有必要开展技能培训和发展计划,以支持年轻毕业生实现独立,因为这将更有能力确保他们发展出创建新企业的意志力。
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引用次数: 0
Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Listed Firms in Nigeria 尼日利亚上市公司的公司治理和财务业绩
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no6.2023.pg12.29
Olorunlero Solomon Segun
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria. The study encompassed three industries: manufacturing, finance, and oil and gas, spanning the years 2010 to 2020. Employing a content analysis approach, data were collected from corporate websites and the Securities and Exchange Commission website. A total of 33 businesses were selected for the study. The study's analysis revealed that a majority of the corporations disclosed the majority of their corporate governance policies. Notably, the banking industry exhibited the highest level of corporate governance disclosure compared to other sectors. This implies that a company's decision to publish its corporate governance information online in Nigeria might be influenced by the regulatory environment of the sector. However, intriguingly, the research did not establish a correlation between a company's corporate governance score and its financial performance. Nevertheless, there was notable variation in the extent of corporate governance reporting across different sectors. In light of these findings, the report recommends that the Securities and Exchange Commission's code of best practices should be made obligatory for all industries in Nigeria. Furthermore, the establishment of a compliance team is advised to ensure that businesses across all sectors in Nigeria adhere to the regulatory mandates outlined in the code of corporate governance.
本研究旨在调查公司治理实践对尼日利亚上市公司财务状况的影响。研究涵盖三个行业:制造业、金融业以及石油和天然气,时间跨度为 2010 年至 2020 年。研究采用内容分析法,从企业网站和证券交易委员会网站收集数据。研究共选取了 33 家企业。研究分析表明,大多数企业披露了大部分公司治理政策。值得注意的是,与其他行业相比,银行业的公司治理披露水平最高。这意味着,尼日利亚公司决定在网上公布其公司治理信息可能受到该行业监管环境的影响。然而,耐人寻味的是,研究并未发现公司的公司治理得分与其财务业绩之间存在相关性。不过,不同行业的公司治理报告程度存在明显差异。鉴于这些研究结果,报告建议尼日利亚所有行业都必须遵守证券交易委员会的最佳做法守则。此外,还建议设立一个合规小组,以确保尼日利亚所有行业的企业都遵守公司治理守则中概述的监管任务。
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引用次数: 0
Empirical Analysis of The Growth Effects of International Trade in Nigeria 尼日利亚国际贸易对增长影响的实证分析
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no6.2023.pg38.49
Esther Kpalukwu
This role of foreign trade in driving growth in the domestic economy and boosting the potential of a country to foreign exchange earnings has remained a subject of interest in economic literature, thus provoking investigation into the claim that international trade is growth-enhancing. This study centred on the impact of foreign trade on economic growth. The specific objectives of this study are to explore the effects of net export, exchange rate and government capital expenditure on economic growth. This study covered a period of 35 years (1980-2015) and the source of data for the variables is the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The error correction model (ECM) was utilized as a technique for data analysis. The Phillips-Perron unit root test shows that the variables are stationary upon first differencing. Thus, the series are integrated of order zero. The Johansen cointegration test result indicates that the variables are cointegrated. Therefore, this reveals that the variables have a long-run relationship. The cointegrating regression result shows that net export has a significant positive impact on economic growth. The exchange rate on the other hand is found to significantly and negatively influence economic growth. The long-run impact of government capital expenditure on economic growth is negative and insignificant. The Wald test for coefficient restrictions shows that net export, exchange rate and government capital expenditure are statistically significant in explaining changes in economic growth. Based on the findings, it is recommended that government should adopt trade policies that promote export and reduce the incidence of importing competing goods to ensure that Nigeria optimizes the benefits that foreign trade creates.
外贸在推动国内经济增长和提高国家外汇收入潜力方面的作用一直是经济文献中关注的主题,因此引发了对国际贸易促进增长这一说法的研究。本研究的重点是对外贸易对经济增长的影响。本研究的具体目标是探讨净出口、汇率和政府资本支出对经济增长的影响。本研究的时间跨度为 35 年(1980-2015 年),变量数据来源于尼日利亚中央银行统计公报。数据分析采用了误差修正模型(ECM)技术。菲利普斯-佩伦单位根检验表明,变量在第一次差分后是静态的。因此,序列的积分阶数为零。约翰森协整检验结果表明,变量是协整的。因此,这表明变量之间存在长期关系。协整回归结果表明,净出口对经济增长有显著的正向影响。另一方面,汇率对经济增长有显著的负面影响。政府资本支出对经济增长的长期影响为负且不显著。系数限制的 Wald 检验表明,净出口、汇率和政府资本支出在解释经济增长变化方面具有统计意义。根据研究结果,建议政府采取促进出口和减少进口竞争性商品的贸易政策,以确保尼日利亚最大限度地利用对外贸易带来的好处。
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引用次数: 0
The Nexus Between Revenue Generation and Economic Growth in Nigeria 尼日利亚创收与经济增长之间的联系
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no5.2023.pg26.41
O. O. Ayoola-Akinjobi, Adeleye Micheal Adekusibe
The general objective of the study is to examine the relationship between revenue generation and economic growth in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was used with secondary data collected from CBN database (2012-2022). The dependent variable was economic growth and measured by gross domestic product GDP while the independent variables was revenue generation and measured by oil and non-oil revenue. The study adopt usage the autoregressive distributed lag ARDL model for the data analysis which shows the long-run relationship between revenue generation and economic growth in Nigeria. It was discovered that oil revenue (OILR) exerts an insignificant positive effect on economic growth in Nigeria in the long run at 5% significant value. It implies that a unit increase in oil revenue will lead to 3.709184 units increase in economic growth in Nigeria. Conversely, non-oil revenue has a positive and significant coefficient of 1.257631 units. This implies that a unit increase in non- oil revenue will bring about 1.257631 units increase in economic growth in Nigeria in the long. The study recommends that effort should be made by the governments to diversify the main revenue source from oil to other sectors of the economy such as agriculture, extractive industries in order to increase revenue generated from other sources
本研究的总体目标是探讨尼日利亚创收与经济增长之间的关系。研究采用了事后研究设计,并从尼日利亚中央银行数据库(2012-2022 年)中收集了二手数据。因变量为经济增长,以国内生产总值 GDP 衡量;自变量为创收,以石油和非石油收入衡量。研究采用自回归分布滞后 ARDL 模型进行数据分析,该模型显示了尼日利亚创收与经济增长之间的长期关系。研究发现,从长期来看,石油收入(OILR)对尼日利亚经济增长的积极影响并不显著,显著值为 5%。这意味着石油收入每增加一个单位,尼日利亚的经济增长就会增加 3.709184 个单位。相反,非石油收入的系数为 1.257631 单位,呈显著正值。这意味着,非石油收入每增加一个单位,尼日利亚的经济增长将长期增加 1.257631 个单位。研究建议政府应努力将主要收入来源从石油转向农业、采掘业等其他经济部门,以增加其他来源的收入。
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引用次数: 0
Quality Service Initiatives and Customer Retention of Four-Star Hotels in Port Harcourt 哈科特港四星级酒店的优质服务举措和客户保留率
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no4.2023.pg33.45
G. Ogonu, Elvis C. Ihunwo
This study examined the requirements of quality service initiatives and customer retention of four-star hotels in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study adopted descriptive research design to establish a relationship between quality service initiatives and customer retention. Both primary and secondary methods of data collection were used to obtain relevant data for analysis. The instrument of data collection employed was the questionnaire. The study population comprised of The population of the study consists of four (4) star hotels in Port Harcourt. The study focused attention on officers with job titles such as hotel managers, operations managers, heads of departments, unit heads and duty managers or supervisor as respondents for the study hence a total of fifteen (15) respondents per four-star hotel, giving a total of sixty (60) respondents as sample for this study. The data was analyzed using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation Coefficient statistic through the aid of statistical packages for social science version 23.0. The result of the findings revealed the existence of significant and positive relationship between quality service initiatives and customer retention of four-star hotels in Port Harcourt. The researchers conclude that quality service initiatives affect customer retention of four-star hotels in Port Harcourt and therefore recommended that management of four-star hotels in Port Harcourt should pay attention to quality service initiatives and other factors which may lead to customer retention.
本研究探讨了尼日利亚哈科特港四星级酒店对优质服务举措和客户保留率的要求。研究采用了描述性研究设计,以确定优质服务措施与客户保留率之间的关系。研究采用了主要数据收集方法和次要数据收集方法,以获取相关数据进行分析。采用的数据收集工具是调查问卷。研究对象包括哈科特港的四(4)星级酒店。研究的重点是酒店经理、运营经理、部门主管、单位主管和值班经理或主管等职称的人员,因此每家四星级酒店共有十五(15)名受访者,即共有六十(60)名受访者作为研究样本。数据分析采用斯皮尔曼等级相关系数统计法,并借助 23.0 版社会科学统计软件包。研究结果表明,哈科特港四星级酒店的优质服务举措与客户保留率之间存在显著的正相关关系。研究人员得出结论认为,优质服务措施会影响哈科特港四星级酒店的客户保留率,因此建议哈科特港四星级酒店的管理层应重视优质服务措施和其他可能导致客户保留率的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Green Accounting and Corporate Performance of Selected Quoted Oil & Gas Firms in Nigeria 尼日利亚部分上市石油天然气公司的绿色会计与公司业绩
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no4.2023.pg113.131
N. C. Ogochukwu, M. I. Ifurueze, Priscilla Ifurueze
The objective of this study is to ascertain the relationship between green accounting and the corporate performance of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study specifically evaluates the effect of oil spillage, gas flaring, water pollution and energy consumption disclosures on the corporate performance of quoted oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex- post facto research design. The population was drawn from the ten quoted oil and gas companies listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX) as of 1st June 2022. The final sample was delimited to eight firms with annual financial information for the study period. The study relied on secondary sources of data, i.e., from annual financial statements of the oil and gas firms. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The hypotheses were tested using the pooled OLS technique consistent with prior authors on disclosure measurements. The results showed that oil spillage disclosure has a positive non- significant effect on Tobin’s Q; there is a positive and significant effect of gas flaring disclosure on Tobin’s Q; water pollution disclosure has a negative and significant effect on Tobin’s Q; and, there is a positive non-significant effect of energy consumption disclosure on Tobin’s Q. Based on the above the study recommended that shareholders should monitor compliance of managers with the numerous laws and strategies used to reduce GHG flaring and the resulting carbon emissions in the company. Managers develop a water pollution system for managing their negative environmental impact on water. Regulators should constantly monitor firms with excessive energy consumption to pay relevant fees and fines which can encourage the move to sustainable energy consumption.
本研究旨在确定绿色会计与尼日利亚上市石油和天然气公司的公司业绩之间的关系。本研究特别评估了石油泄漏、天然气燃烧、水污染和能源消耗披露对尼日利亚上市石油和天然气公司业绩的影响。研究采用了事后研究设计。研究对象来自截至 2022 年 6 月 1 日在尼日利亚交易所集团(NGX)上市的 10 家上市石油和天然气公司。最终样本限定为八家在研究期间有年度财务信息的公司。研究依赖于二手数据来源,即石油和天然气公司的年度财务报表。使用描述性和推论性统计技术对数据进行了分析。使用集合 OLS 技术对假设进行了检验,该技术与之前作者关于信息披露测量的方法一致。结果显示,石油泄漏信息披露对托宾 Q 值有非显著的正向影响;天然气燃烧信息披露对托宾 Q 值有显著的正向影响;水污染信息披露对托宾 Q 值有显著的负向影响;能源消耗信息披露对托宾 Q 值有非显著的正向影响。管理者应开发水污染系统,以管理其对水环境的负面影响。监管机构应持续监督能源消耗过高的公司,要求其支付相关费用和罚款,以鼓励其转向可持续能源消耗。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Financial Integration on Economic Growth in Nigeria 金融一体化对尼日利亚经济增长的影响
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no4.2023.pg132.146
Ezebunwa Justice, Olise Oliseeloke Tamuno
The study investigated the effect financial market integration on economic growth in Nigeria over the period of thirty-two years ranging from 1990 to 2021. The study designed and specified a multiple regression model to examine the individual and joint effects of the proxies of financial market integration (trade openness, credit to private sector and government expenditure) on economic growth in Nigeria (measured in Gross Domestic Product). The model was estimated by Ordinary Least Square technique using E-views 12 statistical package. The annual time series data used were collected from Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) statistical bulletin and analyzed with the aim of achieving the stated objectives. The study found that trade openness, credit to private sector and government expenditures have individual and joint significant effect on economic growth in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study therefore concluded that the financial market integration plays a significant positive role in the sustenance of growth of the Nigerian economy
本研究调查了 1990 年至 2021 年这三十二年间金融市场一体化对尼日利亚经济增长的影响。研究设计并指定了一个多元回归模型,以检验金融市场一体化的代用指标(贸易开放度、私营部门信贷和政府支出)对尼日利亚经济增长(以国内生产总值衡量)的单独和联合影响。该模型使用 E-views 12 统计软件包以普通最小二乘法进行估计。所使用的年度时间序列数据收集自尼日利亚中央银行(CBN)统计公报,并为实现既定目标进行了分析。研究发现,贸易开放度、私营部门信贷和政府支出对尼日利亚的经济增长具有单独和共同的显著影响。根据研究结果,研究得出结论认为,金融市场一体化在尼日利亚经济增长中发挥着重要的积极作用。
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引用次数: 0
Utilization of Information Technology is an Elixir to Maximizing Efficiency in Business Organizations 利用信息技术是企业组织实现效率最大化的灵丹妙药
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no2.2023.pg26.33
Gift J. Eke
This study has been able to justify the notion that the utilization of information technology is an elixir to maximizing efficiency of business organization. The paper used the qualitative approach applying survey design. The study purposively selects fifty (50) entrepreneurs and business owners to form the sampled subjects. The instrument for data collection used for this study was the close ended questionnaire with question items measured with the 4-likerts “Extent Format” (VHE, HE, LE, VLE). Conclusively, it was found that computers, mobile phone, computer software and internet are utilized for maximizing efficiency of business organizations to a high extent. Also, it was revealed that challenges as such infrastructural deficiencies, lack of maintenance culture, poor/no access to the internet and lack of skilled and competent ICT personnel has affected the utilization of information technology to a high extent. It recommended that business owners should ensure to put in place a standard ICT structure that will support effective and full utilization of information technology.
这项研究证明,利用信息技术是最大限度提高企业组织效率的灵丹妙药。本文采用了调查设计的定性方法。研究有目的地选择了五十(50)名企业家和企业主作为抽样对象。本研究使用的数据收集工具是封闭式调查问卷,其中的问题项目采用 4 层 "程度格式"(VHE、HE、LE、VLE)进行测量。最后,研究发现,计算机、手机、计算机软件和互联网在很大程度上提高了企业组织的效率。此外,研究还发现,基础设施不足、缺乏维护文化、互联网接入不畅/无法访问以及缺乏熟练、称职的信息和通信技术人员等挑战在很大程度上影响了信息技术的利用。报告建议,企业主应确保建立一个标准的信息和通信技术结构,以支持有效和充分地利用信息技术。
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引用次数: 0
Inventory Management and Financial Performance Listed Construction Companies in Nigeria 库存管理与尼日利亚上市建筑公司的财务业绩
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no3.2023.pg41.51
Eta Ekenyong Ekenyong, J. Ohaka, Gospel J. Chukwu
This study investigated the relationship between cash management and financial performance of listed construction companies on Nigerian Exchange Group. Specifically, the objectives of the study are to examine the relationship between cash management and earning per share, ascertain the relationship between cash management and net profit. The ex -post facto research design was used. The study population comprised Six (6) listed construction companies as listed on the Nigeria Exchange Group in 2021. The entire population was used as the sample size, using the census approach. Data was source through the annual report of listed construction companies for 2011-2020. Pearson correlation and multiple regression was used in data analysis with the aid of Stata12 software. The study revealed that there is no relationship between cash management and earnings per share of listed construction companies on the Nigerian Exchange Group. There is no relationship significant between cash management and net profit of listed construction companies on the Nigerian Exchange Group. The study concluded that there is no significant relationship between inventory management and financial performance. The study recommended that effort should be made to decrease the number of inventory turnover days and increase the creditors’ payable days in order to minimize the length of the working capital cycle for increase financial performance; efficient inventory control measure like storing and transferring stock, as well as tracking should be put in place for enhance financial performance.
本研究调查了尼日利亚交易所集团上市建筑公司的现金管理与财务业绩之间的关系。具体来说,本研究的目标是检验现金管理与每股收益之间的关系,确定现金管理与净利润之间的关系。研究采用了事后研究设计。研究对象包括 2021 年在尼日利亚交易所集团上市的六(6)家上市建筑公司。采用普查方法,将全部人口作为样本量。数据来源于上市建筑公司 2011-2020 年的年度报告。在 Stata12 软件的辅助下,使用了皮尔逊相关性和多元回归进行数据分析。研究表明,尼日利亚交易所集团上市建筑公司的现金管理与每股收益之间没有关系。尼日利亚交易所集团上市建筑公司的现金管理与净利润之间没有明显关系。研究得出结论,库存管理与财务业绩之间没有显著关系。研究建议,应努力减少存货周转天数,增加应付账款天数,以尽量缩短营运资金周期,从而提高财务业绩;应采取有效的存货控制措施,如储存和转移存货以及跟踪,以提高财务业绩。
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引用次数: 0
Small and Medium Scale Business Financing and Its Effect on the Nigerian Economy: 1992 – 2021 中小型企业融资及其对尼日利亚经济的影响:1992 - 2021 年
Pub Date : 2024-02-09 DOI: 10.56201/ijebm.v9.no3.2023.pg52.60
Okore Amah Okore, A. Nwadiubu, David Ogomegbunam Okolie, Jonathan Ibekwe Okolie
This study investigated the effect of small and medium scale business financing on the Nigerian economy. The ex-post facto research design was adopted and the dependent and independent variables were observed over the period, 1992 to 2021. The nature of data was secondary, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin. The data were tested using the Eview statistical software adopting the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method on the regression model adopted. The signs and significance of the regression coefficients was relied upon in explaining the nature and influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable as to determine both magnitude and direction of impact. The aprior expectation was that SME financing positively and significantly affect the Nigerian economy. The hypotheses were tested at 0.05 (5%) level of significance. Findings from the study showed that commercial bank loan to small and medium scale enterprises have positive and significant impact on GDP. Similarly, commercial bank loan to private sector has positive and significant impact on GDP. Hence, the study concludes that small and medium scale business financing has positive and significant impact on the Nigerian economy. Hence, it implies that SMEs financing contributes to economic growth in Nigeria. The study therefore recommends that the Federal Government of Nigeria through the Central Bank of Nigeria should prioritize financial inclusiveness in the small and medium scale sector of the economy to enhance availability and accessibility of investable funds in the sector.
本研究调查了中小型企业融资对尼日利亚经济的影响。本研究采用事后研究设计,对 1992 年至 2021 年期间的因变量和自变量进行了观察。数据性质为二手数据,来源于尼日利亚中央银行统计公报。使用 Eview 统计软件,采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)对所采用的回归模型进行了数据检验。回归系数的符号和显著性被用来解释自变量对因变量的性质和影响,以确定影响的大小和方向。最初的预期是,中小企业融资会对尼日利亚经济产生积极而重大的影响。假设在 0.05(5%)的显著性水平上进行了检验。研究结果表明,商业银行对中小型企业的贷款对国内生产总值有积极而重要的影响。同样,商业银行对私营部门的贷款对国内生产总值也有积极而显著的影响。因此,研究得出结论,中小企业融资对尼日利亚经济具有积极而重要的影响。因此,这意味着中小企业融资有助于尼日利亚的经济增长。因此,研究建议尼日利亚联邦政府通过尼日利亚中央银行优先考虑中小型经济部门的金融包容性,以提高该部门可投资资金的可用性和可获得性。
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引用次数: 0
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