Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201007
Daniyar R. Khantemirov , Dmitriy O. Gimranov , Qi-Gao Jiangzuo , Tariel M. Eybatov
In this paper we redescribe the specimens of “Eldari hyena” from the Upper Miocene site of Eldari, Azerbaijan. The material, which was previously described as Hyaena eldarica includes one maxilla fragment as well as the holotype mandibular fragment with p3-p4 that is unfortunately lost. The upper teeth morphology of Eldari specimen is typical for percrocutids and Dinocrocuta gigantea specifically. The teeth size of Eldari hyena also falls within the range of D. gigantea. The lost hemimandible exhibits morphology similar to D. gigantea and is close to it in size, based on published data. At the same time, it differs from other specimens of D. gigantea in having shorter p4 and more pronounced p3 mesial accessory cusps. These are the first D. gigantea specimens described from Caucasus.
{"title":"Dinocrocuta gigantea from the Upper Miocene site of Eldari, Azerbaijan","authors":"Daniyar R. Khantemirov , Dmitriy O. Gimranov , Qi-Gao Jiangzuo , Tariel M. Eybatov","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we redescribe the specimens of “Eldari hyena” from the Upper Miocene site of Eldari, Azerbaijan. The material, which was previously described as <em>Hyaena eldarica</em> includes one maxilla fragment as well as the holotype mandibular fragment with p3-p4 that is unfortunately lost. The upper teeth morphology of Eldari specimen is typical for percrocutids and <em>Dinocrocuta gigantea</em> specifically. The teeth size of Eldari hyena also falls within the range of <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em>. The lost hemimandible exhibits morphology similar to <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> and is close to it in size, based on published data. At the same time, it differs from other specimens of <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> in having shorter p4 and more pronounced p3 mesial accessory cusps. These are the first <em>D</em>. <em>gigantea</em> specimens described from Caucasus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-08-26DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201006
Manuel Brazidec , Paolo Rosa
The Miocene history of the aculeate family Chrysididae is poorly known, with only two species described for that time interval. Here, a third species is introduced, the second from the rich middle Miocene Zhangpu amber, southeastern China. †Trichrysis perrichoti n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a nearly complete female specimen. The new species displays characters of the cyanea species group, which is today the most common for TrichrysisLichtenstein, 1876 in China. This discovery further strengthens the affinities between the Zhangpu entomofauna and the modern Southeast Asia entomofauna.
{"title":"A second cuckoo wasp species from the mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)","authors":"Manuel Brazidec , Paolo Rosa","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Miocene history of the aculeate family Chrysididae is poorly known, with only two species described for that time interval. Here, a third species is introduced, the second from the rich middle Miocene Zhangpu amber, southeastern China. †<em>Trichrysis perrichoti</em> n. sp. is described and illustrated based on a nearly complete female specimen. The new species displays characters of the <em>cyanea</em> species group, which is today the most common for <em>Trichrysis</em> <span><span>Lichtenstein, 1876</span></span> in China. This discovery further strengthens the affinities between the Zhangpu entomofauna and the modern Southeast Asia entomofauna.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201006"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027
Sandip Saha , Shiladri S. Das , Subhronil Mondal , Subhendu Bardhan
Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are Discohelix ravii n. sp., Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp., Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp., Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp., Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp., Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp., Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp., and Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., Hayamia sp., Procerithium sp. 1, and Procerithium sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera Buckmanina and Aptyxiella in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.
对印度西部Kutch盆地中晚侏罗世海相腹足类动物进行了系统研究，共发现62属138种。本文介绍了另外12种，其中8种是新发现的。新种为dishelix ravii n. sp、Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp、Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp、Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp、Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp、Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp、Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp、Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp。3个分类群（Hayamia sp.、Procerithium sp. 1、Procerithium sp. 2）保留开放命名。这也是该盆地侏罗系首次报道巴克曼纳属和阿普特希拉属。新认识的区系增加了我们对印度侏罗纪腹足类动物的认识，扩大了腹足类动物的多样性，有助于确定南半球侏罗纪的古生物地理分布。
{"title":"New record of some marine Jurassic gastropods from Kutch, India","authors":"Sandip Saha , Shiladri S. Das , Subhronil Mondal , Subhendu Bardhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are <em>Discohelix ravii</em> n. sp., <em>Metriomphalus</em> (<em>Metriomphalus</em>) <em>bhanu</em> n. sp., <em>Eucyclus jadsaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Buckmanina bhakriensis</em> n. sp., <em>Proconulus jhikadiensis</em> n. sp., <em>Ataphrus</em> (<em>Endianaulax</em>) <em>dhosaensis</em> n. sp., <em>Purpurina mahalanobisi</em> n. sp., and <em>Aptyxiella bajocensis</em> n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., <em>Hayamia</em> sp., <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 1, and <em>Procerithium</em> sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera <em>Buckmanina</em> and <em>Aptyxiella</em> in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-09-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025
Hui Zhang , Yun-He Shi , Peng-Shuai Jiao , Bo Pan , Feng Liu , Ming-Li Wan , Jing-Kun Zhang , Hui-Ping Peng
The No. 8 Thick Coal in the Taiyuan Formation, correlated with the Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) stage, extends throughout the Ordos Basin and reaches up to 30 m in thickness according to basin-wide seismic profiles analysis. This thick coal bed was formed as long-residence histosols, primarily in ombrotrophic mires with minor development in rheotrophic mires. Analysis of miospore taxa percentages across the thick coal seams identified three consistent bulk characterizing species (bcs): Torispora spp., Laevigatosporites spp., and Florinites spp. These species occur in predictable sequences throughout all No. 8 Thick Coals at both the Palougou outcrop and the Huo10 Borehole. Detailed examination revealed three distinct palynomorph associations in the No. 8 Thick Coal from the Huo10 Borehole: Latosporites globosus Association at the base, Laevigatosporites spp. Association in the middle, and Florinites spp. Association near the top. These associations share similar taxa with the Striatosporites clatratus Biozone and Pachetisporites kaipingensis Biozone previously identified in Carboniferous–Permian transitional deposits at the Palougou Section. This similarity confirms that the No. 8 Thick Coal was deposited simultaneously across the northern Ordos Basin and maintains a consistent, widespread distribution. The widespread presence of trilete and monolete miospores throughout the No. 8 Thick Coal suggests that peat accumulation kept pace with basin subsidence during the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin. This balance created stable soil conditions that allowed tree ferns to form thick coal layers with consistent bcs. The bcs model in No. 8 Thick Coal differs from the previous Euramerican models in two key aspects: it exhibits prolonged dominance of trilete and monolete miospores and lacks both Lycospora and Densosporites spp. bcs at the coal base and roof. These differences reflect the distinct climate and vegetation of the Cathaysian Palaeofloristic Province during the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), where Psaronius dominated the peat-forming swamp with minor Cordaites presence along its margins.
{"title":"Palynological succession in Gzhelian No. 8 Thick Coal of the Taiyuan Formation, Ordos Basin, North China","authors":"Hui Zhang , Yun-He Shi , Peng-Shuai Jiao , Bo Pan , Feng Liu , Ming-Li Wan , Jing-Kun Zhang , Hui-Ping Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The No. 8 Thick Coal in the Taiyuan Formation, correlated with the Gzhelian (Pennsylvanian, Carboniferous) stage, extends throughout the Ordos Basin and reaches up to 30 m in thickness according to basin-wide seismic profiles analysis. This thick coal bed was formed as long-residence histosols, primarily in ombrotrophic mires with minor development in rheotrophic mires. Analysis of miospore taxa percentages across the thick coal seams identified three consistent bulk characterizing species (bcs): <em>Torispora</em> spp., <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp., and <em>Florinites</em> spp. These species occur in predictable sequences throughout all No. 8 Thick Coals at both the Palougou outcrop and the Huo10 Borehole. Detailed examination revealed three distinct palynomorph associations in the No. 8 Thick Coal from the Huo10 Borehole: <em>Latosporites globosus</em> Association at the base, <em>Laevigatosporites</em> spp. Association in the middle, and <em>Florinites</em> spp. Association near the top. These associations share similar taxa with the <em>Striatosporites clatratus</em> Biozone and <em>Pachetisporites kaipingensis</em> Biozone previously identified in Carboniferous–Permian transitional deposits at the Palougou Section. This similarity confirms that the No. 8 Thick Coal was deposited simultaneously across the northern Ordos Basin and maintains a consistent, widespread distribution. The widespread presence of trilete and monolete miospores throughout the No. 8 Thick Coal suggests that peat accumulation kept pace with basin subsidence during the Gzhelian in the Ordos Basin. This balance created stable soil conditions that allowed tree ferns to form thick coal layers with consistent bcs. The bcs model in No. 8 Thick Coal differs from the previous Euramerican models in two key aspects: it exhibits prolonged dominance of trilete and monolete miospores and lacks both <em>Lycospora</em> and <em>Densosporites</em> spp. bcs at the coal base and roof. These differences reflect the distinct climate and vegetation of the Cathaysian Palaeofloristic Province during the Pennsylvanian (late Carboniferous), where <em>Psaronius</em> dominated the peat-forming swamp with minor <em>Cordaites</em> presence along its margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201025"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-04-24DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200953
Bernard Siguendibo Sambou , Abdoulaye Adama Diaw , Sylvain Adnet
The discovery and taxonomic determination of 17 fossil taxa (14 elasmobranchs and 3 bony fishes) preserved in the subsoil laterites of Saloum Formation in Ngadiaga, Thies area confirm the marine origin of these deposits, which are sometimes still referred to as ‘Continental Terminal’ in West Africa. The contemporaneous occurrence of large fossil sharks (e.g., Otodus megalodon) with many other extant taxa (e.g., Carcharhinus brachyurus, C. brevipinna, C. obscurus, Galeocerdo cuvier) constrains the age of the deposit to the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene and indicates a marine environment that was not on the purely coastal fringe. The marine vertebrate fossils are thus slightly older than or contemporaneous with the terrestrial vertebrate fossils at Taiba Ndiaye, 30 km northeast. Our study demonstrates that the reddish sandstones of the laterites, which have been long overlooked by palaeontologists, have a rich fossiliferous potential.
在Thies地区Ngadiaga Saloum组地下红土中发现的17个化石分类群（14个板门目和3个硬骨鱼类）的发现和分类鉴定证实了这些沉积物的海洋起源，这些沉积物有时仍被称为西非的“大陆终端”。大型鲨鱼化石（如巨齿鲨Otodus megalodon）与许多其他现存的分类群（如Carcharhinus brachyurus， C. brevipinna， C. obscurus, Galeocerdo cuvier）同时出现，将沉积物的年龄限制在中新世晚期或上新世早期，并表明海洋环境不是纯粹的沿海边缘。因此，在东北30公里的Taiba Ndiaye发现的海洋脊椎动物化石比陆地脊椎动物化石更古老或同时期。我们的研究表明，长期被古生物学家忽视的红土中的红色砂岩具有丰富的化石潜力。
{"title":"A new Miocene–Pliocene fish association from the lateritic sands of Senegal confirms the marine origin of the so-called ‘Continental Terminal’ Formation in the Thies area","authors":"Bernard Siguendibo Sambou , Abdoulaye Adama Diaw , Sylvain Adnet","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery and taxonomic determination of 17 fossil taxa (14 elasmobranchs and 3 bony fishes) preserved in the subsoil laterites of Saloum Formation in Ngadiaga, Thies area confirm the marine origin of these deposits, which are sometimes still referred to as ‘Continental Terminal’ in West Africa. The contemporaneous occurrence of large fossil sharks (e.g., <em>Otodus megalodon</em>) with many other extant taxa (e.g., <em>Carcharhinus brachyurus</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>brevipinna</em>, <em>C</em>. <em>obscurus</em>, <em>Galeocerdo cuvier</em>) constrains the age of the deposit to the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene and indicates a marine environment that was not on the purely coastal fringe. The marine vertebrate fossils are thus slightly older than or contemporaneous with the terrestrial vertebrate fossils at Taiba Ndiaye, 30 km northeast. Our study demonstrates that the reddish sandstones of the laterites, which have been long overlooked by palaeontologists, have a rich fossiliferous potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-09-17DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017
Sumana Mahato , Robert A. Spicer , Sandip More , Ai Song , Mahasin Ali Khan
No single palaeoclimate proxy is perfect, so a multiproxy approach is always desirable for reconstructing past environments. Here, using the quantitative methods known as the Coexistence Approach, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), along with qualitative assessments based on the nearest living relative, leaf cuticle analysis, palynology, and herbivory reconstructions, we explore the palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene Darjeeling (Balason) Siwalik, eastern Himalaya. This multiproxy intercomparison provides an important cross-validation of qualitative and quantitative climate proxies in an Indian Cenozoic context. We find that all proxies give similar palaeoclimate outcomes and show that the Balason location experienced a tropical, warm, humid climate during the Middle Miocene Siwalik deposition.
{"title":"Multi-proxy climatic reconstruction of the Siwalik (Middle Miocene) Balason River area, Darjeeling, eastern Himalaya","authors":"Sumana Mahato , Robert A. Spicer , Sandip More , Ai Song , Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>No single palaeoclimate proxy is perfect, so a multiproxy approach is always desirable for reconstructing past environments. Here, using the quantitative methods known as the Coexistence Approach, and Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program (CLAMP), along with qualitative assessments based on the nearest living relative, leaf cuticle analysis, palynology, and herbivory reconstructions, we explore the palaeoclimate of the Middle Miocene Darjeeling (Balason) Siwalik, eastern Himalaya. This multiproxy intercomparison provides an important cross-validation of qualitative and quantitative climate proxies in an Indian Cenozoic context. We find that all proxies give similar palaeoclimate outcomes and show that the Balason location experienced a tropical, warm, humid climate during the Middle Miocene Siwalik deposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201017"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ13C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.
Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ13C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).
The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and Laeviella bentonensis, as well as the “Heterohelix” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.
{"title":"Stratigraphy of the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation in Mish Anticline, Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), with emphasis on the OAE2 interval","authors":"Reza Omidi , Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam , Behnaz Kalanat , Ali Behdad","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ<sup>13</sup>C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.</div><div>Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ<sup>13</sup>C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).</div><div>The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and <em>Laeviella bentonensis</em>, as well as the “<em>Heterohelix</em>” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 201029"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-07-28DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200999
Shahin Abd-Elhameed
The present study conducts foraminiferal analyses to evaluate the palaeoenvironmental conditions (e.g., palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity) of the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian Sudr Formation at Wadi Askhar El-Bahari, Northern Galala Plateau, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt. Since the Sudr Formation received no attention concerning the foraminiferal content, a planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework was constructed, revealing nine (from Globotruncanella havanensis to Plummerita hantkeninoides) biozones. Furthermore, various quantitative and multivariate analyses of the recorded benthic foraminifera were performed to infer the variations in the palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity during the late Campanian–Maastrichtian. Seven benthic foraminiferal clusters were identified through statistical grouping analysis, revealing various distinct assemblages that differ in biotic traits (e.g., life-habit and diversity) and abiotic traits (e.g., oxygen availability and nutrient availability). A multidimensional plotting method (i.e., Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) of the studied samples revealed eight main biofacies (I–VIII), each with a characteristic faunal composition. The vertical distribution of these biofacies reflects fluctuations in palaeo-water depth, oxygen, and nutrient availability. The lowermost part of the Sudr Formation is characterized by biofacies I, II, and III, indicating well-oxygenated, oligotrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments. This is followed upward by intervals with biofacies II, IV, and V, reflecting oligo- to mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, with well-oxygenated conditions. The upper half of the Sudr Formation comprises alternating intervals with biofacies IV, V, VII, representing well-oxygenated, mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, and intervals with biofacies VI and VIII, characterizing poor-oxygenated, eutrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments.
{"title":"Late Campanian–Maastrichtian foraminifera from Sudr Formation, Northern Galala Plateau, Egypt: Implications for biostratigraphy, palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity","authors":"Shahin Abd-Elhameed","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study conducts foraminiferal analyses to evaluate the palaeoenvironmental conditions (e.g., palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity) of the upper Campanian–Maastrichtian Sudr Formation at Wadi Askhar El-Bahari, Northern Galala Plateau, Northern Eastern Desert, Egypt. Since the Sudr Formation received no attention concerning the foraminiferal content, a planktonic foraminiferal biostratigraphic framework was constructed, revealing nine (from <em>Globotruncanella havanensis</em> to <em>Plummerita hantkeninoides</em>) biozones. Furthermore, various quantitative and multivariate analyses of the recorded benthic foraminifera were performed to infer the variations in the palaeobathymetry, palaeooxygenation, and palaeoproductivity during the late Campanian–Maastrichtian. Seven benthic foraminiferal clusters were identified through statistical grouping analysis, revealing various distinct assemblages that differ in biotic traits (e.g., life-habit and diversity) and abiotic traits (e.g., oxygen availability and nutrient availability). A multidimensional plotting method (i.e., Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling) of the studied samples revealed eight main biofacies (I–VIII), each with a characteristic faunal composition. The vertical distribution of these biofacies reflects fluctuations in palaeo-water depth, oxygen, and nutrient availability. The lowermost part of the Sudr Formation is characterized by biofacies I, II, and III, indicating well-oxygenated, oligotrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments. This is followed upward by intervals with biofacies II, IV, and V, reflecting oligo- to mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, with well-oxygenated conditions. The upper half of the Sudr Formation comprises alternating intervals with biofacies IV, V, VII, representing well-oxygenated, mesotrophic, upper bathyal environment, and intervals with biofacies VI and VIII, characterizing poor-oxygenated, eutrophic, outer neritic to upper bathyal environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200998
Lu-Da Xing , Xiao-Bing Wang , Martin Pickford , Yan-Jie Chen , Jiao Ma , Shu-Qiong Wang , Yi-Yang Liu , Shi-Qi Wang
Pliohyracidae, a group of large-bodied hyracoids, successfully colonised Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. However, their cranial morphology has remained poorly understood due to the scarcity of complete specimens in East Asia, particularly for Postschizotherium. This study presents the first nearly complete cranium of Postschizotherium cf. intermedium from the Early Pleistocene Longdan locality in Gansu Province, China. The cranium exhibits several distinctive features, including an exceptionally laterally projecting orbit, a massive maxillary sinus that significantly invades the orbital fossa, and a highly developed pre-orbital fossa system. These morphological traits, especially the first one, suggest that Postschizotherium is closely related to Pliohyrax and Kvabebihyrax, both being large pliohyracids from the upper Cenozoic of East Europe and West Asia. The morphology also suggests that Postschizotherium likely occupied semi-aquatic habitats, similar to those of extant hippos, with a diet primarily consisting of grasses. The discovery of this species at Longdan also provides evidence for a relatively humid palaeoenvironment in the region during the earliest Pleistocene, contributing to our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions and evolutionary history of pliohyracids in Eurasia.
{"title":"The first cranium of Postschizotherium (Pliohyracidae, Hyracoidea) from the Lower Pleistocene of China","authors":"Lu-Da Xing , Xiao-Bing Wang , Martin Pickford , Yan-Jie Chen , Jiao Ma , Shu-Qiong Wang , Yi-Yang Liu , Shi-Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pliohyracidae, a group of large-bodied hyracoids, successfully colonised Eurasia during the late Cenozoic. However, their cranial morphology has remained poorly understood due to the scarcity of complete specimens in East Asia, particularly for <em>Postschizotherium</em>. This study presents the first nearly complete cranium of <em>Postschizotherium</em> cf. <em>intermedium</em> from the Early Pleistocene Longdan locality in Gansu Province, China. The cranium exhibits several distinctive features, including an exceptionally laterally projecting orbit, a massive maxillary sinus that significantly invades the orbital fossa, and a highly developed pre-orbital fossa system. These morphological traits, especially the first one, suggest that <em>Postschizotherium</em> is closely related to <em>Pliohyrax</em> and <em>Kvabebihyrax</em>, both being large pliohyracids from the upper Cenozoic of East Europe and West Asia. The morphology also suggests that <em>Postschizotherium</em> likely occupied semi-aquatic habitats, similar to those of extant hippos, with a diet primarily consisting of grasses. The discovery of this species at Longdan also provides evidence for a relatively humid palaeoenvironment in the region during the earliest Pleistocene, contributing to our understanding of the palaeoenvironmental conditions and evolutionary history of pliohyracids in Eurasia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-07-16DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989
Glenn A. Brock , Zhi-Liang Zhang , Patrick M. Smith
The Ninmaroo Formation is a thick succession of richly fossiliferous carbonates that straddles the Cambrian (Furongian, Stage 10)–Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian, Tr1) boundary in the vicinity of Black Mountain (Mount Unbunmaroo) in western Queensland. Abundant, relatively coarsely silicified specimens of a plectorthoid brachiopod recovered from the lower Corrie Member of the Ninmaroo Formation type section are taxonomically described as a new species, Apheoorthis talenti n. sp. The stratigraphic level hosting the brachiopods occurs above the first occurrence, but within the biostratigraphic range, of the important age-diagnostic conodont species Cordylodus lindstromi which represents the upper Furongian Series (Stage 10) globally. In the Australian context, the new brachiopod occurs in the basal Warendan regional stage. Brachiopods are rare in Furongian rocks from Australia, making A. talenti n. sp. one of very few Cambrian Stage 10 rhynchonelliform brachiopods described from Australia.
Ninmaroo组是位于昆士兰州西部Black Mountain （Mount Unbunmaroo）附近的寒武纪（Furongian，第10阶段）-下奥陶统（Tremadocian, Tr1）边界上的一层厚层富含化石的碳酸盐岩。在Ninmaroo组下Corrie段发现了大量硅化程度相对较粗的钩形腕足动物标本，并将其分类为一个新种Apheoorthis talenti n. sp。该腕足动物所在的地层水平高于代表全球上弗洛隆统（第10期）的重要牙形刺物种Cordylodus lindstromi的第一次出现，但在生物地层范围内。在澳大利亚的背景下，新的腕足动物发生在瓦伦丹地区的基础阶段。腕足类动物在澳大利亚富龙纪岩石中极为罕见，使A. talenti n. sp成为澳大利亚为数不多的寒武世10期纹粒状腕足类动物之一。
{"title":"A new silicified plectorthoid brachiopod from the upper Furongian (Stage 10) Ninmaroo Formation at Black Mountain, western Queensland, Australia","authors":"Glenn A. Brock , Zhi-Liang Zhang , Patrick M. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.200989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ninmaroo Formation is a thick succession of richly fossiliferous carbonates that straddles the Cambrian (Furongian, Stage 10)–Lower Ordovician (Tremadocian, Tr1) boundary in the vicinity of Black Mountain (Mount Unbunmaroo) in western Queensland. Abundant, relatively coarsely silicified specimens of a plectorthoid brachiopod recovered from the lower Corrie Member of the Ninmaroo Formation type section are taxonomically described as a new species, <em>Apheoorthis talenti</em> n. sp. The stratigraphic level hosting the brachiopods occurs above the first occurrence, but within the biostratigraphic range, of the important age-diagnostic conodont species <em>Cordylodus lindstromi</em> which represents the upper Furongian Series (Stage 10) globally. In the Australian context, the new brachiopod occurs in the basal Warendan regional stage. Brachiopods are rare in Furongian rocks from Australia, making <em>A</em>. <em>talenti</em> n. sp. one of very few Cambrian Stage 10 rhynchonelliform brachiopods described from Australia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 1","pages":"Article 200989"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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