Palaeoworld最新文献

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Late Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur undertracks in floodplain deposits of Sanfranciscana Basin, Brazil, and their paleoecological significance 巴西圣弗朗西斯卡纳盆地洪泛平原沉积物中晚白垩世蜥脚类恐龙足迹及其古生态学意义

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201078

Luciano Alessandretti , Lucas Veríssimo Warren , Heitor Francischini , Caio César Rangel , Beatriz Christofoletti , Leandro Gustavo da Silva Albino , Leonardo Cardoso Moura , Daniel Sedorko

Dinosaur undertracks are described in the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation of the Sanfranciscana Basin, southeastern Brazil. These vertebrate traces are preserved in fine-grained deposits deposited in muddy and vegetated floodplain settings associated with a meandering river system active during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Based on sedimentologic data, morphostructural analysis, and comparisons with analogous Cretaceous ichnofossils, we interpret these structures as undertracks produced by sauropods. Notably, although other occurrences of footprints and undertracks are known in younger units, no dinosaur fossils have yet been recovered in the Upper Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin. However, they are widespread in chronocorrelated units from the Bauru Basin, deposited by fluvial distributary and lacustrine systems under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. During the Late Cretaceous, these two basins were putatively separated due to the uplift of the Alto Paranaíba High (APH) in the central part of the South American Platform. Our new sedimentologic and paleontologic data from the Sanfranciscana Basin, combined with regional paleogeography and paleoclimate reconstructions, suggest that a rain shadow effect played a key role in influencing precipitation patterns in the northern side of the APH. In this scenario of orographic rainfall, sauropod populations likely migrated from the Bauru Basin in the Southern Hot Arid Belt to the Sanfranciscana Basin in the Equatorial Humid Belt, possibly driven by droughts and shortages of food and water. This inferred migratory pathway likely involved a lowland-upland-lowland journey of dinosaur herds through the APH, eventually leading them to the humid floodplains of the Sanfranciscana Basin, where resources such as food and water were more abundant.

在巴西东南部圣弗朗西斯卡纳盆地的上白垩纪Capacete组中描述了恐龙的足迹。这些脊椎动物的痕迹被保存在细小的沉积物中，这些沉积物沉积在泥泞和植被覆盖的洪泛区，与坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特时期活跃的蜿蜒河流系统有关。根据沉积学资料、形态结构分析以及与类似白垩纪鱼化石的比较，我们认为这些结构是蜥脚类动物留下的足迹。值得注意的是，尽管在更年轻的恐龙群中也发现了其他的脚印和足迹，但在旧金山盆地的上白垩纪还没有发现恐龙化石。然而，它们广泛存在于宝鲁盆地的时间相关单元中，这些单元是在干旱至半干旱气候条件下由河流支流和湖泊系统沉积的。在晚白垩世，由于南美地台中部的Alto Paranaíba High （APH）的隆升，推测这两个盆地是分开的。本文利用旧金山盆地沉积学和古生物学的新资料，结合区域古地理和古气候的重建，表明雨影效应在影响APH北侧降水格局中发挥了关键作用。在这种地形降雨的情况下，蜥脚类动物可能会从南部热干旱带的博鲁盆地迁移到赤道湿润带的旧金山盆地，这可能是由于干旱和食物和水的短缺。这种推断的迁徙路径可能涉及恐龙群通过APH的低地-高地-低地之旅，最终将它们带到旧金山盆地潮湿的洪泛平原，那里的食物和水等资源更为丰富。

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引用次数: 0

A new cicadomorphan family (Insecta, Hemiptera) trapped in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber 中白垩世缅甸琥珀中捕获的蝉蛾新科（昆虫亚目，半翅目）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201070

Jun Chen , Wen-Qian Wang , Yan Zheng , Guang-Jin Wei , Guang-Ying Ren

The Cicadomorpha is a hemipteran phytophagous insect suborder with high palaeo-diversity and abundant extant representatives. As one of the three modern cicadomorphan superfamilies, the Cercopoidea (froghoppers) is inferred to have originated in the Triassic and has three extinct families recorded in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. We herein erect a new cercopoid family, Myanmalidae Chen, n. fam. along with Myanmala zireni Chen, n. gen. n. sp. on the basis of a male adult insect fossil trapped in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. The new family bears a series of body structures and wing characteristics different from its known con-superfamilials, such as lateral ocelli almost touching coronal posterior margin, thin crown anteriorly extending distinctly beyond postclypeus, and tegminal basal cell greatly shortened. This new family shares some features with the primitive families Procercopidae and Sinoalidae, and also displays some derived traits similar to modern cercopoids. Our new finds suggest froghoppers have a complex evolutionary history in the Mesozoic, with high morphological disparity.

蝉形亚目是一种古多样性高、现存代表性丰富的半足类植食昆虫亚目。作为现代蝉科的三大科之一，蝉科起源于三叠纪，在侏罗纪和白垩纪有三个灭绝科的记录。我们在此建立了一个新的蚁科，Myanmalidae Chen, n. fam。与Myanmala zireni Chen， n. gen. n. sp.一起，基于在缅甸北部的克钦琥珀中捕获的白垩纪中期雄性成虫化石。新科具有一系列不同于其已知的非超级科的身体结构和翅膀特征，如侧眼细胞几乎接触冠状后缘，薄冠向前延伸明显超过后瓣，顶状基底细胞大大缩短。这一新科与原始科原尾猿科和中国尾猿科有一些共同的特征，并表现出与现代尾猿类相似的衍生特征。我们的新发现表明，在中生代，蛙蛙具有复杂的进化史，具有高度的形态差异。

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引用次数: 0

New material of Brachyhyops neimongolensis (Artiodactyla, Entelodontidae) from the upper Eocene in Jeminay, Xinjiang, China 新疆晋奈始新统上始新统短爪猴（偶蹄目，狭齿兽科）新材料

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201039

Yang Yu , Qiang Li , Shi-Qi Wang , Xi-Jun Ni

Entelodonts are a group of extinct artiodactyls. Brachyhyops is the oldest known member of the Entelodontidae, living from the late middle Eocene to late Eocene in Asia and North America. Although Brachyhyops is a relatively diversified genus of entelodonts in Asia, the fossil record of Brachyhyops is very scarce and only a few teeth and fragmentary skull and mandible pieces have been reported. Here we report a left m2 of B. neimongolensis from the upper Eocene of Xinjiang, China, which represents the first certain Brachyhyops fossil in Central Asia. The new material expands the distribution range of B. neimongolensis and indicates a possible tight faunal connection between Jeminay and the rest of northern China.

肠齿兽是一种已灭绝的偶蹄动物。Brachyhyops是已知最古老的Entelodontidae成员，生活在始新世中期到始新世晚期，生活在亚洲和北美。虽然短肢动物是亚洲一个相对多样化的内齿动物属，但化石记录非常稀少，仅报道了少量的牙齿和残缺的头骨和下颌骨碎片。本文报道了中国新疆始新世上部的B. neimongolensis的左m2，这是中亚地区第一个确定的短肢动物化石。新发现的材料扩大了奈蒙支原猿的分布范围，并表明吉明支原猿与中国北方其他地区之间可能存在紧密的区系联系。

引用次数: 0

The first complete developmental case of ptychopariid trilobite 第一个完整的拟螺旋体三叶虫发育病例

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201031

Tao Dai , Xing-Liang Zhang , Shan-Chi Peng

An investigation of growth and segmentation of a ptychopariid trilobite Maotunia iddingsi from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Drumian) Zhangxia Formation, North China is presented. This is the first time the essentially complete post-embryonic ontogenetic series from protaspid to holaspid period based on numerous articulated specimens is clearly demonstrated and reported as a ptychopariid representative. The full post-embryonic developmental sequence, which exhibited a heteronomous trunk segment condition and an unbalanced rate in segment expression and liberation during ontogeny, witnessed a marked intraspecific variation in somitogenesis and tagmosis during the life cycle. The progressive release of the trunk segments may vary at rates among different individuals, revealing a potential developmental strategy how early diversified arthropods controlled the form of the body patterning as well as the proportion of head to trunk in size during the enrollment process of its life cycle.

本文报道了中国华北地区中寒武统（苗岭期）张夏组中一种拟chopariid Maotunia iddingsi三叶虫的生长和分化情况。这是第一次基于大量关节标本的基本完整的胚胎后个体发育系列，从原aspa到全aspa时期被清楚地证明并报道为一种具有代表性的ptychoparia。完整的胚胎后发育序列在个体发育过程中表现出异源主干段状态和片段表达和解放率的不平衡，在生命周期中体细胞发生和tagmosis发生了明显的种内变异。不同个体之间躯干节段的逐渐释放速率可能不同，这揭示了早期多样化节肢动物在其生命周期的发育过程中如何控制身体模式的形式以及头与躯干大小的比例。

引用次数: 0

A new sponge (Ascospongiae) from the early Cambrian Guanshan Biota 文章标题早寒武世关山生物群一新海绵（Ascospongiae）

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201032

Lin-Jun Zou , Joseph P. Botting , Jie Yang , Xiao-Yu Yang , Wei Li , Qing-Hao Guo , Yu Wang , Chun-Li Li , Xi-Guang Zhang , Ai-Lin Chen

Sponge body fossils from the Cambrian Period are abundant and can provide vital insights into their evolutionary history. Here, we describe a new ascosponge, Chimeraspongia lii n. gen. n. sp. from the lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Biota in Luquan, Yunnan Province, China. The species is characterized by a reticulate skeleton composed of interwoven spicules oriented in four distinct directions: large vertical monaxons, fine horizontal monaxons, and two opposing sets of diagonal monaxons. In addition, the species exhibits distinctive marginalia and prostalia. The combination of skeletal traits also helps us to explore the potential relationships among ascosponges such as leptomitids, halichondritids-piraniids, and Quadrolaminiella. The new species therefore provides significant information on the early evolution and relationships among ascosponges and expands our understanding of sponge diversity in the Guanshan Biota.

来自寒武纪的海绵体化石丰富，可以为了解它们的进化史提供重要的见解。本文报道了一种新的囊海绵，chimerasongia lii n. gen. n. sp.，来自云南禄泉关山生物群下寒武统（第4期）。该物种的特点是网状骨架由相互交织的针状体组成，定向于四个不同的方向：大的垂直monaxon，细的水平monaxon和两组相对的对角monaxon。此外，该物种具有独特的边缘和前列腺。骨骼特征的结合也有助于我们探索腹膜海绵动物（如leptomiids， halichondriids -piraniids和Quadrolaminiella）之间的潜在关系。因此，这一新物种为研究观山生物群海绵的早期进化和相互关系提供了重要信息，并扩大了我们对观山生物群海绵多样性的认识。

引用次数: 0

Lebanese amber: A glimpse into the origins of Recent terrestrial biodiversity 黎巴嫩琥珀：一瞥近代陆地生物多样性的起源

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201033

Dany Azar, Sibelle Maksoud

引用次数: 0

Impact of the onset of Late Cretaceous Deccan volcanism on flora and climate: Palynofloral and megafloral evidence 晚白垩世德干火山活动对植物区系和气候的影响：孢粉和巨花证据

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201030

Bandana Samant , Dhananjay Mahendrakumar Mohabey , Satish Sangode , Dashrath Kisanji Kapgate , Abhilash Sen , Anup Dhobale , Surabhi Thaokar , Neha Thakre , Akash Karande

The palynological analysis of the intertrappean beds in the southeastern part of the Deccan volcanic flows reveals the presence of diverse assemblages, including key Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) marker palynomorphs such as Azolla cretacea, Gabonisporis vigourouxii, Aquilapollenites bengalensis, Jiangsupollis striatus, Triporotetradites deccanensis, and Scollardia conferta. To further constrain the age of the intertrappean beds, magnetic polarity analysis of the associated lava flows was conducted, revealing a Normal polarity, which indicates that the intertrappean beds and flows are of Maastrichtian Chron 30N age.

Our study contradicts the assumption that only younger flows (Chron 29R) are exposed in this region. Additionally, the palynofloral data suggest that the onset of Deccan volcanism was favourable rather than hostile for the proliferation of angiosperm-dominated ecosystems.

通过对德干火山流东南部套间地层的孢粉学分析，发现了不同类型的孢粉组合，包括Azolla白垩纪、Gabonisporis vigourouxii、Aquilapollenites bengalensis、jiangsupolis striatus、Triporotetradites deccanensis和scolardia conferta等重要的晚白垩世（Maastrichtian）标志孢粉形态。为进一步限定圈闭间层的年龄，对岩浆流进行了磁极性分析，发现圈闭间层和岩浆流的磁极性为正极性，表明圈闭间层和岩浆流属于马斯特里赫特纪年30N。我们的研究反驳了只有较年轻的流（Chron 29R）在该地区暴露的假设。此外，孢粉植物数据表明，德干火山活动的开始有利于而不是不利于被子植物为主的生态系统的增殖。

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引用次数: 0

Stratigraphy of the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation in Mish Anticline, Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), with emphasis on the OAE2 interval 伊朗西南部Zagros盆地Mish背斜Albian-Turonian Sarvak组地层学，重点研究OAE2段

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201029

Reza Omidi , Hossein Vaziri-Moghaddam , Behnaz Kalanat , Ali Behdad

The Cenomanian/Turonian (C/T) boundary, marked by the global oceanic anoxic event 2 (OAE2), coincides with a significant tectonic event and widespread unconformity across much of the Zagros Basin (southwestern Iran), except within intrashelf basins. The northern Mish Anticline section, situated in one such intrashelf basin, preserves a continuous sedimentary record of OAE2 within the Albian–Turonian Sarvak Formation. This study examines the stratigraphy of the Sarvak Formation, with particular emphasis on δ¹³C and environmental variations during the OAE2, to evaluate the interplay between global events and regional tectonics in this region.

Analysis of a 517 m thick section reveals a succession assigned to the late Albian–Turonian based on the Cretaceous planktonic foraminiferal biozones for tropical and subtropical regions. The δ¹³C profile shows a positive excursion across the C/T boundary, capturing the global carbon isotope record’s three diagnostic peaks (A, B, and C).

The late Albian and most of the Cenomanian intervals reflect deposition in a relatively uniform, deep, and quiet environment, characterized by abundant planktonic foraminifera and oligosteginids. In contrast, the C/T interval records significant environmental changes, driven by OAE2 and regional tectonic activity in the Arabian Plate. A planktonic foraminiferal turnover, including the extinction of rotaliporids and Laeviella bentonensis, as well as the “Heterohelix” shift, is observed at the onset of the carbon isotope excursion between peaks A and B. These events are associated with the expansion of organic-rich layers, which point to the development of an oxygen minimum zone in the late Cenomanian. The regional tectonic activity culminated in two uplift phases within the basin, leading to the appearance of shallow-water carbonate facies during the early Turonian and the development of an unconformity at the top of the Sarvak Formation in the middle Turonian.

以全球海洋缺氧事件2 （OAE2）为标志的Cenomanian/Turonian （C/T）边界，与一个重要的构造事件和广泛的不整合相吻合，这些不整合贯穿了扎格罗斯盆地（伊朗西南部）的大部分地区，除了大陆架内盆地。北米什背斜段位于这样一个陆架内盆地，在Albian-Turonian Sarvak组中保存了OAE2的连续沉积记录。本文研究了该地区的Sarvak组地层，重点研究了OAE2时期的δ13C和环境变化，以评价该地区全球事件与区域构造的相互作用。对517 m厚剖面的分析显示，在热带和亚热带地区白垩纪浮游有孔虫生物带的基础上，确定了晚Albian-Turonian的演替。δ13C剖面在C/T边界上呈现正偏移，捕获了全球碳同位素记录的三个诊断峰（a、B和C）。晚Albian和大部分Cenomanian层段反映了沉积在一个相对均匀、深和安静的环境中，其特征是丰富的浮游有孔虫和寡骨蛋白。在OAE2和阿拉伯板块区域构造活动的驱动下，C/T区间记录了明显的环境变化。在A峰和b峰之间的碳同位素偏移开始时，观察到浮游有孔虫的更替，包括rotaliporids和Laeviella bentonensis的灭绝，以及“异螺旋”位移。这些事件与富有机质层的扩张有关，这表明在晚塞诺曼尼亚期形成了一个氧最低带。区域构造活动在盆地内的两个隆升阶段达到顶峰，导致早吐鲁番期出现浅水碳酸盐岩相，中吐鲁番期在萨尔瓦克组顶部发育不整合。

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引用次数: 0

Graptolite biostratigraphy of the Dapingian GSSP and its global correlation 大坪期GSSP笔石生物地层学及其全球对比

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-09-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201028

Jörg Maletz , Chuan-Shang Wang , Xiao-Feng Wang

The graptolite fauna of the Dapingian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Huanghuachang is relatively poorly preserved and difficult to correlate with the graptolite record of other regions. A few tie points have been identified, indicating that the base of the Dapingian lies above the base of the regional Azygograptus suecicus Biozone of South China. The base of this graptolite zone, however, represents the first appearance datum (FAD) of the genus Azygograptus instead of the species, as the species Azygograptus suecicus is considerably younger. The Azygograptus suecicus Biozone can be correlated indirectly with Scandinavia through the presence of isograptids associated with Azygograptus specimens in Sweden and Norway. The correlation of the upper Dapingian is uncertain, even though the top of the Dawan Formation with Levisograptus austrodentatus at the base of the Darriwilian indicates a correlation of the upper Dapingian with the Australasian upper Castlemainian and Yapeenian.

黄花厂大坪涧全球层型剖面和点（GSSP）的笔石动物群保存较差，难以与其他地区的笔石记录进行对比。鉴定出几个结合点，表明大坪期的基部位于华南区域水蛭生物带的基部之上。然而，这个笔石带的底部代表了Azygograptus属而不是种的首次出现基准点（FAD），因为Azygograptus suecicus种相当年轻。通过在瑞典和挪威发现的异线体，可以间接地将suececicus生物带与斯堪的纳维亚半岛的异线体联系起来。虽然大湾组顶部与达里威廉底部的Levisograptus austrodentatus表明大坪上纪与澳大拉西亚上Castlemainian和yapenian有一定的相关性，但大坪上纪的相关性并不确定。

引用次数: 0

New record of some marine Jurassic gastropods from Kutch, India 印度库奇一些海相侏罗纪腹足类动物的新记录

IF 1.7 3区地球科学 Q2 PALEONTOLOGY

Palaeoworld

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201027

Sandip Saha , Shiladri S. Das , Subhronil Mondal , Subhendu Bardhan

Previous systematic studies on the Middle to Late Jurassic marine gastropods from the Kutch Basin, western India, revealed 138 species of 62 genera. The present paper describes 12 more species, of which eight are new. The new species are Discohelix ravii n. sp., Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp., Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp., Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp., Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp., Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp., Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp., and Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp. Three taxa are retained in open nomenclature, i.e., Hayamia sp., Procerithium sp. 1, and Procerithium sp. 2. This is also the first report of the genera Buckmanina and Aptyxiella in the Jurassic of the basin. The newly recognized fauna increases our understanding of Indian Jurassic gastropods, expands the diversity of the gastropod faunas, and contributes to the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the assemblage in the Jurassic of the Southern Hemisphere.

对印度西部Kutch盆地中晚侏罗世海相腹足类动物进行了系统研究，共发现62属138种。本文介绍了另外12种，其中8种是新发现的。新种为dishelix ravii n. sp、Metriomphalus (Metriomphalus) bhanu n. sp、Eucyclus jadsaensis n. sp、Buckmanina bhakriensis n. sp、Proconulus jhikadiensis n. sp、Ataphrus (Endianaulax) dhosaensis n. sp、Purpurina mahalanobisi n. sp、Aptyxiella bajocensis n. sp。3个分类群（Hayamia sp.、Procerithium sp. 1、Procerithium sp. 2）保留开放命名。这也是该盆地侏罗系首次报道巴克曼纳属和阿普特希拉属。新认识的区系增加了我们对印度侏罗纪腹足类动物的认识，扩大了腹足类动物的多样性，有助于确定南半球侏罗纪的古生物地理分布。

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