Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201078
Luciano Alessandretti , Lucas Veríssimo Warren , Heitor Francischini , Caio César Rangel , Beatriz Christofoletti , Leandro Gustavo da Silva Albino , Leonardo Cardoso Moura , Daniel Sedorko
Dinosaur undertracks are described in the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation of the Sanfranciscana Basin, southeastern Brazil. These vertebrate traces are preserved in fine-grained deposits deposited in muddy and vegetated floodplain settings associated with a meandering river system active during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Based on sedimentologic data, morphostructural analysis, and comparisons with analogous Cretaceous ichnofossils, we interpret these structures as undertracks produced by sauropods. Notably, although other occurrences of footprints and undertracks are known in younger units, no dinosaur fossils have yet been recovered in the Upper Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin. However, they are widespread in chronocorrelated units from the Bauru Basin, deposited by fluvial distributary and lacustrine systems under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. During the Late Cretaceous, these two basins were putatively separated due to the uplift of the Alto Paranaíba High (APH) in the central part of the South American Platform. Our new sedimentologic and paleontologic data from the Sanfranciscana Basin, combined with regional paleogeography and paleoclimate reconstructions, suggest that a rain shadow effect played a key role in influencing precipitation patterns in the northern side of the APH. In this scenario of orographic rainfall, sauropod populations likely migrated from the Bauru Basin in the Southern Hot Arid Belt to the Sanfranciscana Basin in the Equatorial Humid Belt, possibly driven by droughts and shortages of food and water. This inferred migratory pathway likely involved a lowland-upland-lowland journey of dinosaur herds through the APH, eventually leading them to the humid floodplains of the Sanfranciscana Basin, where resources such as food and water were more abundant.
在巴西东南部圣弗朗西斯卡纳盆地的上白垩纪Capacete组中描述了恐龙的足迹。这些脊椎动物的痕迹被保存在细小的沉积物中，这些沉积物沉积在泥泞和植被覆盖的洪泛区，与坎帕尼亚-马斯特里赫特时期活跃的蜿蜒河流系统有关。根据沉积学资料、形态结构分析以及与类似白垩纪鱼化石的比较，我们认为这些结构是蜥脚类动物留下的足迹。值得注意的是，尽管在更年轻的恐龙群中也发现了其他的脚印和足迹，但在旧金山盆地的上白垩纪还没有发现恐龙化石。然而，它们广泛存在于宝鲁盆地的时间相关单元中，这些单元是在干旱至半干旱气候条件下由河流支流和湖泊系统沉积的。在晚白垩世，由于南美地台中部的Alto Paranaíba High （APH）的隆升，推测这两个盆地是分开的。本文利用旧金山盆地沉积学和古生物学的新资料，结合区域古地理和古气候的重建，表明雨影效应在影响APH北侧降水格局中发挥了关键作用。在这种地形降雨的情况下，蜥脚类动物可能会从南部热干旱带的博鲁盆地迁移到赤道湿润带的旧金山盆地，这可能是由于干旱和食物和水的短缺。这种推断的迁徙路径可能涉及恐龙群通过APH的低地-高地-低地之旅，最终将它们带到旧金山盆地潮湿的洪泛平原，那里的食物和水等资源更为丰富。
{"title":"Late Cretaceous sauropod dinosaur undertracks in floodplain deposits of Sanfranciscana Basin, Brazil, and their paleoecological significance","authors":"Luciano Alessandretti , Lucas Veríssimo Warren , Heitor Francischini , Caio César Rangel , Beatriz Christofoletti , Leandro Gustavo da Silva Albino , Leonardo Cardoso Moura , Daniel Sedorko","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinosaur undertracks are described in the Upper Cretaceous Capacete Formation of the Sanfranciscana Basin, southeastern Brazil. These vertebrate traces are preserved in fine-grained deposits deposited in muddy and vegetated floodplain settings associated with a meandering river system active during the Campanian–Maastrichtian. Based on sedimentologic data, morphostructural analysis, and comparisons with analogous Cretaceous ichnofossils, we interpret these structures as undertracks produced by sauropods. Notably, although other occurrences of footprints and undertracks are known in younger units, no dinosaur fossils have yet been recovered in the Upper Cretaceous of the Sanfranciscana Basin. However, they are widespread in chronocorrelated units from the Bauru Basin, deposited by fluvial distributary and lacustrine systems under arid to semi-arid climatic conditions. During the Late Cretaceous, these two basins were putatively separated due to the uplift of the Alto Paranaíba High (APH) in the central part of the South American Platform. Our new sedimentologic and paleontologic data from the Sanfranciscana Basin, combined with regional paleogeography and paleoclimate reconstructions, suggest that a rain shadow effect played a key role in influencing precipitation patterns in the northern side of the APH. In this scenario of orographic rainfall, sauropod populations likely migrated from the Bauru Basin in the Southern Hot Arid Belt to the Sanfranciscana Basin in the Equatorial Humid Belt, possibly driven by droughts and shortages of food and water. This inferred migratory pathway likely involved a lowland-upland-lowland journey of dinosaur herds through the APH, eventually leading them to the humid floodplains of the Sanfranciscana Basin, where resources such as food and water were more abundant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 201078"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201070
Jun Chen , Wen-Qian Wang , Yan Zheng , Guang-Jin Wei , Guang-Ying Ren
The Cicadomorpha is a hemipteran phytophagous insect suborder with high palaeo-diversity and abundant extant representatives. As one of the three modern cicadomorphan superfamilies, the Cercopoidea (froghoppers) is inferred to have originated in the Triassic and has three extinct families recorded in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. We herein erect a new cercopoid family, Myanmalidae Chen, n. fam. along with Myanmala zireni Chen, n. gen. n. sp. on the basis of a male adult insect fossil trapped in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. The new family bears a series of body structures and wing characteristics different from its known con-superfamilials, such as lateral ocelli almost touching coronal posterior margin, thin crown anteriorly extending distinctly beyond postclypeus, and tegminal basal cell greatly shortened. This new family shares some features with the primitive families Procercopidae and Sinoalidae, and also displays some derived traits similar to modern cercopoids. Our new finds suggest froghoppers have a complex evolutionary history in the Mesozoic, with high morphological disparity.
蝉形亚目是一种古多样性高、现存代表性丰富的半足类植食昆虫亚目。作为现代蝉科的三大科之一，蝉科起源于三叠纪，在侏罗纪和白垩纪有三个灭绝科的记录。我们在此建立了一个新的蚁科，Myanmalidae Chen, n. fam。与Myanmala zireni Chen， n. gen. n. sp.一起，基于在缅甸北部的克钦琥珀中捕获的白垩纪中期雄性成虫化石。新科具有一系列不同于其已知的非超级科的身体结构和翅膀特征，如侧眼细胞几乎接触冠状后缘，薄冠向前延伸明显超过后瓣，顶状基底细胞大大缩短。这一新科与原始科原尾猿科和中国尾猿科有一些共同的特征，并表现出与现代尾猿类相似的衍生特征。我们的新发现表明，在中生代，蛙蛙具有复杂的进化史，具有高度的形态差异。
{"title":"A new cicadomorphan family (Insecta, Hemiptera) trapped in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber","authors":"Jun Chen , Wen-Qian Wang , Yan Zheng , Guang-Jin Wei , Guang-Ying Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2026.201070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cicadomorpha is a hemipteran phytophagous insect suborder with high palaeo-diversity and abundant extant representatives. As one of the three modern cicadomorphan superfamilies, the Cercopoidea (froghoppers) is inferred to have originated in the Triassic and has three extinct families recorded in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. We herein erect a new cercopoid family, Myanmalidae Chen, n. fam. along with <em>Myanmala zireni</em> Chen, n. gen. n. sp. on the basis of a male adult insect fossil trapped in mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber from northern Myanmar. The new family bears a series of body structures and wing characteristics different from its known con-superfamilials, such as lateral ocelli almost touching coronal posterior margin, thin crown anteriorly extending distinctly beyond postclypeus, and tegminal basal cell greatly shortened. This new family shares some features with the primitive families Procercopidae and Sinoalidae, and also displays some derived traits similar to modern cercopoids. Our new finds suggest froghoppers have a complex evolutionary history in the Mesozoic, with high morphological disparity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 3","pages":"Article 201070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055
Fu-Lin Li , Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Zhong Han , Cheng-Gang Wang , Xiong-Wei Zeng , Long Wang , Hao Liu , Zong-Xin Wang , Fa-Fu Wu , Kun Liang , Wen-Kun Qie
The alatoform bivalve Opisoma is characterized by highly antero-posteriorly compressed shells with broad lateral wings formed by pronounced shell wall folds, and a robust, ventrally elongate hinge plate. As a key component of the Lithiotis-fauna, Early Jurassic species of Opisoma thrived in tropical shallow-marine environments along the Tethyan and Panthalassan coasts during the Sinemurian to early Toarcian interval. This study documents a new occurrence of well-preserved Opisoma menchikoffi specimens from the Pliensbachian Bou Dahar limestones of the eastern High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Numerous natural transverse sections through articulated shells at various growth stages, along with natural longitudinal sections of disarticulated shells provide comprehensive morphological insights, enabling a taxonomic revision of this previously poorly understood species. The dentition of O. menchikoffi is redefined, with the right valve possesses three cardinal teeth and the left valve bears two. Furthermore, a single occurrence of the Lithiotis-fauna from the upper Pliensbachian–lower Toarcian Pupuga Formation in Zanda County (Tethyan Himalaya), originally attributed to Lithiotis by Li et al. (2013), is reappraised and assigned to O. menchikoffi, Lithioperna scutata, and megalodontids. O. menchikoffi is now documented from the Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of Morocco and Algeria in the western Tethys, as well as from the upper Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of southern Xizang (Tibet) in the eastern Tethys. Its broad trans-Tethyan distribution constitutes a critical biostratigraphic marker that facilitates precise correlation of Early Jurassic sequences between the eastern and western Tethyan realms.
{"title":"Opisoma menchikoffi Dubar, 1948: New occurrences from the Lower Jurassic of the High Atlas, Morocco and Tethyan Himalaya, southern Xizang (Tibet), China","authors":"Fu-Lin Li , Kai Ye , Xin Rao , Zhong Han , Cheng-Gang Wang , Xiong-Wei Zeng , Long Wang , Hao Liu , Zong-Xin Wang , Fa-Fu Wu , Kun Liang , Wen-Kun Qie","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The alatoform bivalve <em>Opisoma</em> is characterized by highly antero-posteriorly compressed shells with broad lateral wings formed by pronounced shell wall folds, and a robust, ventrally elongate hinge plate. As a key component of the <em>Lithiotis</em>-fauna, Early Jurassic species of <em>Opisoma</em> thrived in tropical shallow-marine environments along the Tethyan and Panthalassan coasts during the Sinemurian to early Toarcian interval. This study documents a new occurrence of well-preserved <em>Opisoma menchikoffi</em> specimens from the Pliensbachian Bou Dahar limestones of the eastern High Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Numerous natural transverse sections through articulated shells at various growth stages, along with natural longitudinal sections of disarticulated shells provide comprehensive morphological insights, enabling a taxonomic revision of this previously poorly understood species. The dentition of <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em> is redefined, with the right valve possesses three cardinal teeth and the left valve bears two. Furthermore, a single occurrence of the <em>Lithiotis</em>-fauna from the upper Pliensbachian–lower Toarcian Pupuga Formation in Zanda County (Tethyan Himalaya), originally attributed to <em>Lithiotis</em> by <span><span>Li et al. (2013)</span></span>, is reappraised and assigned to <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em>, <em>Lithioperna scutata</em>, and megalodontids. <em>O</em>. <em>menchikoffi</em> is now documented from the Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of Morocco and Algeria in the western Tethys, as well as from the upper Pliensbachian to lower Toarcian of southern Xizang (Tibet) in the eastern Tethys. Its broad trans-Tethyan distribution constitutes a critical biostratigraphic marker that facilitates precise correlation of Early Jurassic sequences between the eastern and western Tethyan realms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<div><div>Stromatoporoid faunas in the peri-Gondwanan regions during the Katian of the Late Ordovician exhibit a greater diversity of taxa compared with those from other contemporaneous continents and terranes. Geographical separation due to the numerous microplates comprising peri-Gondwana was a potential driver of this high diversity, but stromatoporoid faunas in many of these microplates have not been studied in detail because of their remote present-day locations. In this study, we report 12 genera and 16 species of stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation, exposed in the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, Northwest China, representing a unique occurrence in the North Qilian Mountains. This fauna includes <em>Cystostroma inconstans</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Pseudostylodictyon poshanense</em> <span><span>Ozaki, 1938</span></span>, <em>Labechia conglomerata</em> <span><span>Dong and Wang, 1984</span></span>, <em>Labechia shanhsiensis</em> Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930 (<span><span>Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a</span></span>), <em>Labechia</em> sp., <em>Labechiella gondwanense</em> Jeon in <span><span>Jeon et al., 2022a</span></span>, <em>Radiostroma astroqilianus</em> Jeon and Zhan n. sp., <em>Aulacera arbuscula</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Sinabeatricea crassicentra</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Lophiostroma leptolamellatum</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Clathrodictyon idense</em> <span><span>Webby and Banks, 1976</span></span>, <em>Clathrodictyon</em> sp. cf. <em>Cl</em>. <em>mammillatum</em> (<span><span>Schmidt, 1858</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis</em> (<span><span>Jiang et al., 2011</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon nestori</em> <span><span>Webby, 1969</span></span>, <em>Plexodictyon qilianense</em> Jeon n. sp., and <em>Simplexodictyon uniplexum</em> Jeon n. sp. In comparison with other peri-Gondwana regions and other adjacent areas, this fauna consists of a relatively high proportion of endemic taxa and some pandemic taxa, with species-level affinities most closely linking the North Qilian Mountains to North China, and to a lesser extent, South China. The occurrence of genera such as <em>Radiostroma</em>, <em>Plexodictyon</em>, and <em>Simplexodictyon</em>, previously restricted to Baltica and North China extends their known palaeogeographical ranges. The stromatoporoid assemblage of the North Qilian Mountains represents a transitional fauna between the Ordovician and Silurian, characterised by persistent labechiid dominance alongside the appearance of clathrodictyids and stromatoporellids, and the presence of both long-ranging Ordovician taxa and morphologically advanced genera, reflecting diversification trends also seen in the contemporaneous North China assemblage. Relatively high endemism of this stromatoporoid fauna is attributed to the island arc volcanic setting during the Late Ordovician, emphasizing the role of island arc setting in stromatoporoid diversification during the Ordovician.
晚奥陶世Katian时期冈瓦南周边地区的层孔虫动物群与其他同时期大陆和地质体的层孔虫动物群相比具有更大的多样性。由于包含近冈瓦纳大陆的众多微板块的地理分离是这种高度多样性的潜在驱动因素，但由于它们位于遥远的现代位置，许多微板块中的层孔类动物尚未得到详细研究。本文报道了青海省祁连县天宝河上游上奥陶统（卡田）口门子组的层孔虫12属16种，是北祁连山独特的地层。该动物群包括：全氏囊胞菌（Cystostroma inconstans Jeon n. sp）、波山假茎胞菌（Pseudostylodictyon poshanense Ozaki, 1938）、大叶氏菌（Dong and Wang, 1984）、山县菌（Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930）、全氏菌（Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a）、全氏菌（Jeon in Jeon等，2022a）、全氏菌（Radiostroma Jeon）和詹氏菌（Zhan n. sp）、丛树菌（Aulacera arbuscula Jeon n. sp）、全氏菌（sinabatricea crassicentra Jeon n. sp）、薄层菌（Lophiostroma leptolamellatum Jeon n. sp）、密氏菌（Clathrodictyon Webby and Banks, 1976）。clathrodicon sp. cf. Cl。mamillatum (Schmidt, 1858), Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis (Jiang et al, 2011), Ecclimadictyon nestori Webby, 1969, Plexodictyon qiilianense Jeon n. sp, Simplexodictyon uniplexum Jeon n. sp.。与冈瓦纳周边及邻近地区相比，该区系的特有类群和大流行类群比例较高，其物种亲缘关系将北祁连山与华北地区联系最紧密，与华南地区联系较少。以往局限于波罗的海和华北地区的Radiostroma、Plexodictyon和Simplexodictyon等属的出现扩大了它们已知的古地理范围。北祁连山叠孔虫组合是一个介于奥陶系和志留系之间的过渡性动物群，其特征是唇形类持续占优势，同时出现了叠孔类和叠孔类，同时存在着范围较长的奥陶系分类群和形态较先进的属，反映了同时期华北组合的多样化趋势。该叠孔虫动物群的较高地方性特征归因于晚奥陶世的岛弧火山环境，强调了岛弧环境在奥陶纪叠孔虫多样化中的作用。
{"title":"Stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation of North Qilian Mountains, China","authors":"Juwan Jeon , Yu-Chen Zhang , Stephen Kershaw , Ren-Bin Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stromatoporoid faunas in the peri-Gondwanan regions during the Katian of the Late Ordovician exhibit a greater diversity of taxa compared with those from other contemporaneous continents and terranes. Geographical separation due to the numerous microplates comprising peri-Gondwana was a potential driver of this high diversity, but stromatoporoid faunas in many of these microplates have not been studied in detail because of their remote present-day locations. In this study, we report 12 genera and 16 species of stromatoporoids from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) Koumenzi Formation, exposed in the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, Northwest China, representing a unique occurrence in the North Qilian Mountains. This fauna includes <em>Cystostroma inconstans</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Pseudostylodictyon poshanense</em> <span><span>Ozaki, 1938</span></span>, <em>Labechia conglomerata</em> <span><span>Dong and Wang, 1984</span></span>, <em>Labechia shanhsiensis</em> Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930 (<span><span>Yabe and Sugiyama, 1930a</span></span>), <em>Labechia</em> sp., <em>Labechiella gondwanense</em> Jeon in <span><span>Jeon et al., 2022a</span></span>, <em>Radiostroma astroqilianus</em> Jeon and Zhan n. sp., <em>Aulacera arbuscula</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Sinabeatricea crassicentra</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Lophiostroma leptolamellatum</em> Jeon n. sp., <em>Clathrodictyon idense</em> <span><span>Webby and Banks, 1976</span></span>, <em>Clathrodictyon</em> sp. cf. <em>Cl</em>. <em>mammillatum</em> (<span><span>Schmidt, 1858</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon tiewadianensis</em> (<span><span>Jiang et al., 2011</span></span>), <em>Ecclimadictyon nestori</em> <span><span>Webby, 1969</span></span>, <em>Plexodictyon qilianense</em> Jeon n. sp., and <em>Simplexodictyon uniplexum</em> Jeon n. sp. In comparison with other peri-Gondwana regions and other adjacent areas, this fauna consists of a relatively high proportion of endemic taxa and some pandemic taxa, with species-level affinities most closely linking the North Qilian Mountains to North China, and to a lesser extent, South China. The occurrence of genera such as <em>Radiostroma</em>, <em>Plexodictyon</em>, and <em>Simplexodictyon</em>, previously restricted to Baltica and North China extends their known palaeogeographical ranges. The stromatoporoid assemblage of the North Qilian Mountains represents a transitional fauna between the Ordovician and Silurian, characterised by persistent labechiid dominance alongside the appearance of clathrodictyids and stromatoporellids, and the presence of both long-ranging Ordovician taxa and morphologically advanced genera, reflecting diversification trends also seen in the contemporaneous North China assemblage. Relatively high endemism of this stromatoporoid fauna is attributed to the island arc volcanic setting during the Late Ordovician, emphasizing the role of island arc setting in stromatoporoid diversification during the Ordovician.","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201060
Larissa P. Catafesta , Paula Dentzien-Dias , Francisco J.S. Calaça , Eliseu V. Dias , Weronika Łaska , Kenneth De Baets , Heitor Francischini
Coprolites provide valuable insights into paleoecological relationships, such as predation and parasitism, as well as taphonomic and paleoenvironmental conditions. However, few studies have focused on coprolites from the Rio do Rasto Formation, despite their abundance in this formation. Here we analyze and describe 97 coprolites from 11 sites within the Rio do Rasto Formation (middle/upper Permian) of Paraná Basin (southern Brazil). External and internal features were examined to classify the material into four morphotypes: heteropolar (12%), amphipolar (10%), indeterminate spiral (40%), and non-spiral (38%). Alimentary inclusions, such as fish scales, teeth, bone fragments, plants, and an insect wing, were identified in nearly all specimens. Additionally, microorganisms and parasites were preserved within the fecal matrix, including bacilli bacteria, actinomycete biofilm, fungal hyphae and spores, Nostocales and Chroococcales cyanobacteria, and helminth eggs. The bacteria and fungi are interpreted to have originated from the intestinal tract of the producer before extrusion, whereas the cyanobacteria were most likely ingested from the water where these animals lived in. The new occurrence of likely cestode eggs provides additional direct evidence of parasitism and corroborates the existence of this relationship from at least the Permian. The phosphatic composition of the coprolites, combined with bacterial and fungal activity, was likely crucial for preserving more delicate organic remains (e.g., plant material and an insect wing) and organisms (e.g., parasites). These findings enhance our understanding of the producer diet, paleoecological interactions, and the microenvironment within the feces.
{"title":"Paleoecological insights from coprolites and their inclusions from the Permian Rio do Rasto Formation, Brazil","authors":"Larissa P. Catafesta , Paula Dentzien-Dias , Francisco J.S. Calaça , Eliseu V. Dias , Weronika Łaska , Kenneth De Baets , Heitor Francischini","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coprolites provide valuable insights into paleoecological relationships, such as predation and parasitism, as well as taphonomic and paleoenvironmental conditions. However, few studies have focused on coprolites from the Rio do Rasto Formation, despite their abundance in this formation. Here we analyze and describe 97 coprolites from 11 sites within the Rio do Rasto Formation (middle/upper Permian) of Paraná Basin (southern Brazil). External and internal features were examined to classify the material into four morphotypes: heteropolar (12%), amphipolar (10%), indeterminate spiral (40%), and non-spiral (38%). Alimentary inclusions, such as fish scales, teeth, bone fragments, plants, and an insect wing, were identified in nearly all specimens. Additionally, microorganisms and parasites were preserved within the fecal matrix, including bacilli bacteria, actinomycete biofilm, fungal hyphae and spores, Nostocales and Chroococcales cyanobacteria, and helminth eggs. The bacteria and fungi are interpreted to have originated from the intestinal tract of the producer before extrusion, whereas the cyanobacteria were most likely ingested from the water where these animals lived in. The new occurrence of likely cestode eggs provides additional direct evidence of parasitism and corroborates the existence of this relationship from at least the Permian. The phosphatic composition of the coprolites, combined with bacterial and fungal activity, was likely crucial for preserving more delicate organic remains (e.g., plant material and an insect wing) and organisms (e.g., parasites). These findings enhance our understanding of the producer diet, paleoecological interactions, and the microenvironment within the feces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201061
Ning Han , Xin-Ru Luo , Jia-Jia Wang , Chungkun Shih , Wei-Ting Zhang , Dong Ren
A new genus, Falcipalpus Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen., with two new species, Falcipalpus rimosus Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen. n. sp. and F. parallelus Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen. n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae), is erected based on three well-preserved specimens from Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber. The new genus is diagnosed by swollen, barrel-shaped antennal scape without indentation and the absence of a free R vein in the hind wing, indicating affinity with the Australian lineage. A key to the genera of Micropterigidae fossil records is provided. ParasabatincaWhalley, 1978 and PalaeosabatincaKozlov, 1988 may belong to Heterobathmiidae rather than Micropterigidae.
根据中白垩世克钦琥珀的3个保存完好的标本，建立了一个新属Falcipalpus Han， Zhang and Ren n. gen.和2个新种Falcipalpus rimosus Han， Zhang and Ren n. gen.和F. parallelus Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen.（鳞翅目：微翅目）。新属被诊断为肿胀的桶状触角，没有凹痕，后翼没有自由的R静脉，表明与澳大利亚谱系有亲缘关系。提供了微翼蝗科化石记录属的钥匙。parabatinca Whalley（1978）和Palaeosabatinca Kozlov（1988）可能属于异翅虫科，而不是微翅虫科。
{"title":"New fossil moths (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae) in Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber from Myanmar","authors":"Ning Han , Xin-Ru Luo , Jia-Jia Wang , Chungkun Shih , Wei-Ting Zhang , Dong Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new genus, <em>Falcipalpus</em> Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen., with two new species, <em>Falcipalpus rimosus</em> Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen. n. sp. and <em>F</em>. <em>parallelus</em> Han, Zhang and Ren n. gen. n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Micropterigidae), is erected based on three well-preserved specimens from Middle Cretaceous Kachin amber. The new genus is diagnosed by swollen, barrel-shaped antennal scape without indentation and the absence of a free R vein in the hind wing, indicating affinity with the Australian lineage. A key to the genera of Micropterigidae fossil records is provided. <em>Parasabatinca</em> <span><span>Whalley, 1978</span></span> and <em>Palaeosabatinca</em> <span><span>Kozlov, 1988</span></span> may belong to Heterobathmiidae rather than Micropterigidae.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201061"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201062
Pei-Yue Fang , Yue Sun , Qing-Hai Zhang , You-Hua Zhu , Hui Luo
The Paleocene epoch was characterized by short-lived warming events (hyperthermals), including the Latest Danian Event (LDE) and the Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE), which provide critical analogues for understanding modern climate change. However, the global distribution and environmental impacts of these events remain poorly constrained, particularly in southern Xizang (Tibet), a key region within the eastern Neo-Tethys. This study presents larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) biostratigraphy and bulk carbonate carbon isotope data from the lower Zongpu Formation at the Chaqiela section in Gamba, southern Xizang. LBF assemblages constrain the studied interval to Shallow Benthic Zone 2 (SBZ 2) to SBZ 3. Carbon isotope records reveal two negative excursions within these zones, interpreted as the LDE (within SBZ 2) and the ELPE (within SBZ 3). These findings confirm the global nature of both events, highlighting their significance in the evolution of Paleocene hyperthermals and advancing our understanding of their spatial distribution.
{"title":"Preliminary investigation of Paleocene warming events in the lower Zongpu Formation at the Chaqiela section, Gamba, southern Xizang (Tibet)","authors":"Pei-Yue Fang , Yue Sun , Qing-Hai Zhang , You-Hua Zhu , Hui Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paleocene epoch was characterized by short-lived warming events (hyperthermals), including the Latest Danian Event (LDE) and the Early Late Paleocene Event (ELPE), which provide critical analogues for understanding modern climate change. However, the global distribution and environmental impacts of these events remain poorly constrained, particularly in southern Xizang (Tibet), a key region within the eastern Neo-Tethys. This study presents larger benthic foraminifera (LBF) biostratigraphy and bulk carbonate carbon isotope data from the lower Zongpu Formation at the Chaqiela section in Gamba, southern Xizang. LBF assemblages constrain the studied interval to Shallow Benthic Zone 2 (SBZ 2) to SBZ 3. Carbon isotope records reveal two negative excursions within these zones, interpreted as the LDE (within SBZ 2) and the ELPE (within SBZ 3). These findings confirm the global nature of both events, highlighting their significance in the evolution of Paleocene hyperthermals and advancing our understanding of their spatial distribution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201062"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048
Jia-Qi Song , Xiang Fang , Yu-Chen Zhang , Xin Wei , Ya-Tao Zhang , Yi Wang , Ren-Bin Zhan
The North Qilian Mountains region is an important component of the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Palaeocean. The Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) in the region yields a significant number of Ordovician fossils, of which cephalopods have rarely been systematically studied and recorded. Herein, a moderately preserved cephalopod collection from the Koumenzi Formation is presented from the North Qilian Mountains, Qilian Orogenic Belt. This fossil assemblage, obtained from the section near the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, consists of Anaspyroceras sp., Geisonocerina? sp., Paradnatoceras nyalamense, as well as some unnamed oncoceratoid and orthoceratoid cephalopods. Furthermore, quantitative palaeoecological analyses based on global occurrences, uncover notable provincialism of Katian cephalopods. Two cephalopod provinces related to palaeolatitude are recognised by cluster analysis and weighted network analysis. Global oceanic currents might have been responsible for the pattern of the cephalopod faunal composition and distribution in the Katian.
{"title":"Cephalopods from the Upper Ordovician of the North Qilian Mountains region: Implications for palaeobiogeography","authors":"Jia-Qi Song , Xiang Fang , Yu-Chen Zhang , Xin Wei , Ya-Tao Zhang , Yi Wang , Ren-Bin Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The North Qilian Mountains region is an important component of the Proto-Tethys Archipelagic Palaeocean. The Koumenzi Formation (Katian, Upper Ordovician) in the region yields a significant number of Ordovician fossils, of which cephalopods have rarely been systematically studied and recorded. Herein, a moderately preserved cephalopod collection from the Koumenzi Formation is presented from the North Qilian Mountains, Qilian Orogenic Belt. This fossil assemblage, obtained from the section near the upper reaches of the Tianbao River, Qilian County, Qinghai Province, consists of <em>Anaspyroceras</em> sp., <em>Geisonocerina</em>? sp., <em>Paradnatoceras nyalamense</em>, as well as some unnamed oncoceratoid and orthoceratoid cephalopods. Furthermore, quantitative palaeoecological analyses based on global occurrences, uncover notable provincialism of Katian cephalopods. Two cephalopod provinces related to palaeolatitude are recognised by cluster analysis and weighted network analysis. Global oceanic currents might have been responsible for the pattern of the cephalopod faunal composition and distribution in the Katian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-18DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053
Le-Le Xu , Alexey S. Bashkuev , Xin-Neng Lian , Xiang-Dong Zhao
Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) in the Ordos Basin are represented by sparse records and a few described species from the lower Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation and the overlying Zhiluo Formation (upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic). In the adjacent Jiyuan Basin, a more diverse mecopteran fauna is known from the upper Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Yangshuzhuang Formation at Anyao, Jiyuan City in Henan Province. Additional records of Mecoptera from Yan’an and Yangshuzhuang formations are reported herein, including two new species, Itaphlebia yulinensis n. sp. (Nannochoristidae) and Vitimopsyche picta n. sp. (Mesopsychidae), as well as two potentially new species of Orthophlebiidae and Protorthophlebiidae described in open nomenclature and pending new material. The mecopteran fauna in both formations is composed of typical Jurassic taxa, including species very similar to those from the well-known Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota in Daohugou. The current problems of classification of fossil panorpoid scorpionflies are discussed.
鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组和上侏罗统直罗组（中上侏罗统至下侏罗统）侏罗系蝎子（Mecoptera）记录较少，已描述种类较少。在邻近的济源市安窑盆地中侏罗统上侏罗统杨树庄组中翼类动物群更为丰富。本文还报道了延安组和杨树庄组蝇翅目的新记录，包括两个新种，Itaphlebia yulinensis n. sp. （Nannochoristidae）和Vitimopsyche picta n. sp. (mesopchidae)，以及两个潜在的新种，正翅目和原翅目，已公开命名和有待新材料的描述。这两个组的翼类动物群均由典型的侏罗系分类群组成，其中包括与稻虎沟著名的中侏罗世盐辽生物群非常相似的物种。讨论了目前全景形蝎子化石分类中存在的问题。
{"title":"Additions to the Jurassic mecopteran assemblages from the Ordos and Jiyuan basins, north-central China","authors":"Le-Le Xu , Alexey S. Bashkuev , Xin-Neng Lian , Xiang-Dong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jurassic scorpionflies (Mecoptera) in the Ordos Basin are represented by sparse records and a few described species from the lower Middle Jurassic Yan’an Formation and the overlying Zhiluo Formation (upper Middle to lower Upper Jurassic). In the adjacent Jiyuan Basin, a more diverse mecopteran fauna is known from the upper Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Yangshuzhuang Formation at Anyao, Jiyuan City in Henan Province. Additional records of Mecoptera from Yan’an and Yangshuzhuang formations are reported herein, including two new species, <em>Itaphlebia yulinensis</em> n. sp. (Nannochoristidae) and <em>Vitimopsyche picta</em> n. sp. (Mesopsychidae), as well as two potentially new species of Orthophlebiidae and Protorthophlebiidae described in open nomenclature and pending new material. The mecopteran fauna in both formations is composed of typical Jurassic taxa, including species very similar to those from the well-known Middle Jurassic Yanliao Biota in Daohugou. The current problems of classification of fossil panorpoid scorpionflies are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2025-11-07DOI: 10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047
Wei-Peng Bai , Shi-Qi Wang
Soergelia, known as Soergel’s ox, is an extinct bovid genus, placed under Caprini of Bovidae. It is characterized by a pair of far apart positioned and anteriorly growing horncores, and was widely distributed across Europe, Siberia of Russia, as well as North America during the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene. However, the rare finds hindered the taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus. Here, we established and described a new species of the genus, S. longdanensis n. sp., based on the material discovered from Longdan, Gansu Province, dated as early Early Pleistocene (2.595–2.137 Ma). It is not only the first record of the genus in East Asia, but also the earliest record in the world. The new species shares a series of common characters with the genus; however, it has some distinct characters, differing from the other known species, such as the horncore tip bending upward, slow tapering rate, etc. Additionally, we briefly reviewed the known Soergelia species, and considered that the taxonomic status of S. brigittae still needs to be determined, and S. intermedia and Soergelia cf. minor (Dmanisi) might be a synonym. Furthermore, we estimated the evolutionary and dispersal trends of the genus, suggesting that it probably originated from a Kabulicornis-like form, which dispersed westward and eastward during the Late Pliocene, and evolved into S. longdanensis, S. minor and Soergelia cf. minor (S. intermedia?), respectively. The former species dispersed northward into Siberia of Russia during the middle Early Pleistocene, and evolved into S. elisabethae. This species dispersed westward into Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, and eastward into North America evolving into S. mayfieldi at approximately 0.8 Ma.
牛属（Soergelia），又称牛属（Soergel 's ox），是一种已灭绝的牛属，属于牛科（Bovidae）的Caprini。它的特点是一对角核位置较远，生长较前，在早更新世至中更新世期间广泛分布于欧洲、俄罗斯西伯利亚和北美。然而，这些罕见的发现阻碍了该属的分类和进化研究。本文根据甘肃龙丹地区早更新世早期（2.595 ~ 2.137 Ma）发现的材料，建立并描述了该属新种S. longdanensis n. sp.。这不仅是东亚地区最早的属记录，也是世界上最早的属记录。新种与该属具有一系列共同特征；然而，它有一些明显的特征，不同于其他已知的物种，如角核尖端向上弯曲，逐渐变细的速度慢等。此外，我们简要回顾了已知的Soergelia种，认为S. brigittae的分类地位仍有待确定，S. intermedia和S. Soergelia cf. minor （Dmanisi）可能是同义词。进一步估计了该属的进化和扩散趋势，认为其可能起源于一个类似kabulicoris的形态，在上新世晚期向西和向东扩散，分别演化为S. longdanensis、S. minor和Soergelia c . minor （S. intermedia?）。前一种在早更新世中期向北分散到俄罗斯西伯利亚，并进化为S. elisethae。该物种在中更新世早期向西分散到欧洲，并在大约0.8 Ma时向东进入北美演变为s.m aifieldi。
{"title":"First record of Soergelia (Bovidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from East Asia: Implications for its taxonomy, evolution, and dispersal history","authors":"Wei-Peng Bai , Shi-Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.palwor.2025.201047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Soergelia</em>, known as Soergel’s ox, is an extinct bovid genus, placed under Caprini of Bovidae. It is characterized by a pair of far apart positioned and anteriorly growing horncores, and was widely distributed across Europe, Siberia of Russia, as well as North America during the Early Pleistocene to the Middle Pleistocene. However, the rare finds hindered the taxonomic and evolutionary studies of the genus. Here, we established and described a new species of the genus, <em>S</em>. <em>longdanensis</em> n. sp., based on the material discovered from Longdan, Gansu Province, dated as early Early Pleistocene (2.595–2.137 Ma). It is not only the first record of the genus in East Asia, but also the earliest record in the world. The new species shares a series of common characters with the genus; however, it has some distinct characters, differing from the other known species, such as the horncore tip bending upward, slow tapering rate, etc. Additionally, we briefly reviewed the known <em>Soergelia</em> species, and considered that the taxonomic status of <em>S</em>. <em>brigittae</em> still needs to be determined, and <em>S</em>. <em>intermedia</em> and <em>Soergelia</em> cf. <em>minor</em> (Dmanisi) might be a synonym. Furthermore, we estimated the evolutionary and dispersal trends of the genus, suggesting that it probably originated from a <em>Kabulicornis</em>-like form, which dispersed westward and eastward during the Late Pliocene, and evolved into <em>S</em>. <em>longdanensis</em>, <em>S</em>. <em>minor</em> and <em>Soergelia</em> cf. <em>minor</em> (<em>S</em>. <em>intermedia</em>?), respectively. The former species dispersed northward into Siberia of Russia during the middle Early Pleistocene, and evolved into <em>S</em>. <em>elisabethae</em>. This species dispersed westward into Europe during the early Middle Pleistocene, and eastward into North America evolving into <em>S</em>. <em>mayfieldi</em> at approximately 0.8 Ma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48708,"journal":{"name":"Palaeoworld","volume":"35 2","pages":"Article 201047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146190748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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